Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Algoma, District (DIS)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,777	...	...
Population, 2016¹	114,094	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	59,854	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	51,709	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	48,281.36	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,775	56,030	57,745
0 to 14 years	15,945	8,260	7,680
0 to 4 years	4,765	2,480	2,285
5 to 9 years	5,675	2,875	2,800
10 to 14 years	5,500	2,910	2,590
15 to 64 years	67,770	33,545	34,220
15 to 19 years	5,255	2,715	2,540
20 to 24 years	5,695	3,065	2,625
25 to 29 years	6,080	3,130	2,945
30 to 34 years	6,190	3,090	3,100
35 to 39 years	6,085	3,005	3,080
40 to 44 years	5,940	2,885	3,055
45 to 49 years	5,930	2,885	3,045
50 to 54 years	7,035	3,470	3,570
55 to 59 years	9,220	4,375	4,840
60 to 64 years	10,345	4,925	5,420
65 years and over	30,065	14,225	15,840
65 to 69 years	9,240	4,545	4,700
70 to 74 years	8,070	3,995	4,075
75 to 79 years	5,390	2,515	2,880
80 to 84 years	3,740	1,720	2,020
85 years and over	3,630	1,460	2,170
85 to 89 years	2,285	985	1,305
90 to 94 years	1,085	405	685
95 to 99 years	230	75	155
100 years and over	25	5	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	14.7	13.3
15 to 64 years	59.6	59.9	59.3
65 years and over	26.4	25.4	27.4
85 years and over	3.2	2.6	3.8
Average age of the population	46.4	45.4	47.4
Median age of the population	50.0	48.4	51.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,710	...	...
Single-detached house	35,630	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,185	...	...
Row house	1,690	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,670	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,410	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,640	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	380	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,710	...	...
1 person	17,325	...	...
2 persons	19,875	...	...
3 persons	6,865	...	...
4 persons	5,125	...	...
5 or more persons	2,520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,975	55,255	56,720
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,835	47,770	50,065
Married or living common-law	55,005	27,465	27,535
Married	43,605	21,785	21,820
Living common-law	11,400	5,680	5,715
Living common law - Never married	7,655	3,840	3,810
Living common law - Separated	760	395	365
Living common law - Divorced	2,515	1,245	1,275
Living common law - Widowed	465	205	260
Not married and not living common-law	42,830	20,305	22,525
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,630	13,810	10,820
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,330	1,525	1,805
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,915	3,075	3,835
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,955	1,895	6,065
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,140	...	...
2 persons	20,240	...	...
3 persons	6,430	...	...
4 persons	4,605	...	...
5 or more persons	1,865	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,140	...	...
Total couple families	27,045	...	...
Married couples	21,340	...	...
With children⁶	8,375	...	...
Without children	12,965	...	...
Common-law couples	5,700	...	...
With children⁶	2,295	...	...
Without children	3,405	...	...
Total one-parent families	6,100	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,680	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,420	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,975	55,255	56,720
Total - Persons in census families	88,240	43,670	44,565
Married spouses or common-law partners	54,085	27,005	27,075
Parents in one-parent families	6,100	1,420	4,680
Children⁶	28,050	15,245	12,810
In a two-parent family	18,860	10,175	8,685
In a one-parent family	9,190	5,070	4,120
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,740	11,585	12,155
Living alone	17,320	8,160	9,160
Living with other relatives⁷	2,510	1,155	1,355
Living with non-relatives only	3,910	2,275	1,640
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,705	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,170	...	...
Couple-family households	25,280	...	...
With children⁶	9,920	...	...
Without children	15,360	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,890	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	915	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	155	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,325	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,820	...	...
One-person households	17,320	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	96,050	47,005	49,050
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,045	45,460	47,585
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,075	45,475	47,605
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,115	39,750	39,370
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	38,000	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,360	32,420	27,940
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,065	41,520	44,545
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	12,100	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,350	5,115	5,240
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,970	10,445	11,530
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	96,060	47,020	49,045
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,025	45,375	47,650
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,160	55,100	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,065	45,405	47,660
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,480	46,600	36,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,140	39,750	39,390
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	50,240	35,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,360	32,480	27,880
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,240	46,880	36,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,050	41,290	44,760
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,790	12,160	13,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,385	5,270	5,115
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,240	7,620	6,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,765	10,495	11,265
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,220	9,050	9,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	96,065	47,015	49,045
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,970	14,270	11,695
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	74,500	54,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,000	77,500	60,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,035	10,965	12,070
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	20,000	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,040	31,160	21,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.4	80.0	69.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.9	60.9	51.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.6	20.1	30.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.6	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.3	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.8	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	96,050	47,005	49,045
Without total income	3,010	1,545	1,465
With total income	93,045	45,460	47,585
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,640	2,665	3,970
$10,000 to $19,999	12,490	4,750	7,740
$20,000 to $29,999	15,495	6,500	8,995
$30,000 to $39,999	13,140	6,255	6,890
$40,000 to $49,999	11,190	5,400	5,785
$50,000 to $59,999	8,320	3,990	4,330
$60,000 to $69,999	6,250	3,325	2,925
$70,000 to $79,999	4,805	2,770	2,035
$80,000 to $89,999	4,005	2,565	1,445
$90,000 to $99,999	3,175	2,015	1,160
$100,000 and over	7,535	5,230	2,310
$100,000 to $149,999	5,880	4,015	1,870
$150,000 and over	1,655	1,215	440
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	96,050	47,005	49,045
Without after-tax income	2,975	1,530	1,445
With after-tax income	93,075	45,470	47,600
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,970	2,735	4,235
$10,000 to $19,999	12,915	4,955	7,960
$20,000 to $29,999	17,395	7,295	10,100
$30,000 to $39,999	15,505	7,580	7,930
$40,000 to $49,999	12,095	5,955	6,140
$50,000 to $59,999	8,645	4,525	4,125
$60,000 to $69,999	6,500	3,815	2,680
$70,000 to $79,999	4,865	3,180	1,685
$80,000 to $89,999	3,350	2,060	1,295
$90,000 to $99,999	1,790	1,200	590
$100,000 and over	3,050	2,185	865
$100,000 to $124,999	1,860	1,335	525
$125,000 and over	1,195	845	345
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	96,050	47,005	49,045
Without employment income	35,695	14,585	21,105
With employment income	60,360	32,420	27,940
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,045	7,345	4,705
$5,000 to $9,999	4,650	2,035	2,615
$10,000 to $19,999	6,940	3,060	3,880
$20,000 to $29,999	5,335	2,435	2,900
$30,000 to $39,999	5,175	2,245	2,925
$40,000 to $49,999	5,000	2,165	2,840
$50,000 to $59,999	4,090	1,985	2,110
$60,000 to $69,999	3,440	1,915	1,525
$70,000 to $79,999	2,800	1,705	1,100
$80,000 to $89,999	2,900	1,955	950
$90,000 to $99,999	2,600	1,615	980
$100,000 and over	5,380	3,965	1,415
$100,000 to $124,999	3,225	2,300	920
$125,000 and over	2,155	1,660	495
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	96,050	47,005	49,050
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,905	44,835	47,070
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,200	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,955	44,845	47,110
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,200	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,010	39,600	39,410
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,600	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,475	32,845	28,630
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	37,600	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,010	40,135	42,875
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,000	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,105	4,615	4,480
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	6,750	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	96,060	47,020	49,045
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,975	44,745	47,230
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,840	53,450	38,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,010	44,755	47,260
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,280	44,920	33,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,130	39,645	39,485
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,880	50,960	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,490	32,895	28,595
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,640	48,040	36,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,140	40,005	43,135
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,870	9,260	10,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,980	4,705	4,285
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,520	7,780	7,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	96,065	47,015	49,045
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,725	14,100	11,625
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	72,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,400	76,100	56,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,975	10,450	11,525
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	26,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,880	36,920	25,380
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.6	84.4	75.4
Employment income (%)	62.2	66.2	57.1
Government transfers (%)	19.5	15.5	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,710	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,320	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,390	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,705	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,310	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,400	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,710	...	...
Under $5,000	405	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	265	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	915	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,455	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,685	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,525	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,080	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,365	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,470	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,375	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,355	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,895	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,400	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,080	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,710	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,720	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,535	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,965	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,375	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,840	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,710	...	...
Under $5,000	440	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	925	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,505	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,830	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,805	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,425	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,760	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,710	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,590	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,960	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,480	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,900	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,830	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,885	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,565	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,355	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,965	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,110	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,530	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,825	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,760	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,230	10,430	10,800
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,400	32,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	33,600	30,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,085	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,485	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,865	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,755	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,230	10,375	10,860
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,320	46,160	40,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,840	39,760	36,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,980	55,255	56,720
0 to 17 years	19,075	9,880	9,200
0 to 5 years	5,840	3,060	2,775
18 to 64 years	64,125	31,580	32,545
65 years and over	28,775	13,800	14,975
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,915	6,850	8,070
0 to 17 years	2,970	1,505	1,470
0 to 5 years	1,030	485	540
18 to 64 years	7,990	3,820	4,165
65 years and over	3,950	1,520	2,430
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.3	12.4	14.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.2	16.0
0 to 5 years (%)	17.6	15.9	19.5
18 to 64 years (%)	12.5	12.1	12.8
65 years and over (%)	13.7	11.0	16.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	108,840	53,725	55,110
0 to 17 years	18,245	9,460	8,780
0 to 5 years	5,595	2,940	2,655
18 to 64 years	62,260	30,670	31,595
65 years and over	28,335	13,600	14,735
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,550	2,375	2,180
0 to 17 years	595	315	275
0 to 5 years	190	95	100
18 to 64 years	3,600	1,925	1,675
65 years and over	355	135	220
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	4.4	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	6.3	5.3
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.0	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,980	55,255	56,720
In bottom half of the distribution	61,050	29,250	31,800
In bottom decile	13,010	6,275	6,735
In second decile	13,540	6,050	7,495
In third decile	12,330	6,000	6,335
In fourth decile	11,295	5,555	5,740
In fifth decile	10,875	5,370	5,505
In top half of the distribution	50,925	26,005	24,915
In sixth decile	10,845	5,425	5,420
In seventh decile	11,115	5,575	5,540
In eighth decile	10,700	5,540	5,160
In ninth decile	10,595	5,495	5,100
In top decile	7,670	3,980	3,690
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,975	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	112,745	55,565	57,185
English only	99,125	49,495	49,635
French only	340	170	170
English and French	12,880	5,740	7,140
Neither English nor French	405	160	245
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	112,745	55,565	57,185
English	106,655	52,665	53,990
French	5,510	2,650	2,860
English and French	215	100	110
Neither English nor French	365	140	225
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	112,745	55,565	57,185
Single responses	110,535	54,495	56,040
Official languages	102,695	50,660	52,040
English	96,830	47,835	49,000
French	5,860	2,820	3,040
Non-official languages	7,840	3,840	4,000
Indigenous languages³⁹	370	160	210
Algonquian languages	360	155	210
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	20	5	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	20	5	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	345	145	195
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	340	140	195
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	315	135	180
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,475	3,685	3,790
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	115	65
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	175	115	60
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	155	105	55
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	160	45	110
Bikol	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	35	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5
Creole languages	15	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	195	120	80
Kannada	10	5	5
Malayalam	115	70	50
Tamil	40	25	15
Telugu	25	20	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,900	2,925	2,975
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	5	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	770	380	395
Baltic languages	35	15	20
Latvian	15	5	10
Lithuanian	25	15	10
Slavic languages	735	365	375
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	40	20	15
Macedonian	10	5	0
Polish	345	165	180
Russian	40	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	120	60	60
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	95	45	50
Serbian	20	15	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	25	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	10
Ukrainian	135	65	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,260	600	660
Frisian	5	5	0
High German languages	980	460	525
German	935	435	495
Pennsylvania German	30	10	15
Swiss German	15	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	200	105	95
Afrikaans	15	5	5
Dutch	180	100	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	75	35	40
Danish	30	15	15
Icelandic	5	0	5
Norwegian	15	5	10
Swedish	30	15	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	20	15
Indo-Iranian languages	675	370	305
Indo-Aryan languages	600	330	275
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	50	25	20
Gujarati	120	65	60
Hindi	125	75	45
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	0
Nepali	20	5	10
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	235	130	110
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	10	5
Urdu	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	75	40	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	40	20	20
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	15	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,150	1,555	1,595
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	2,635	1,295	1,340
Portuguese	200	100	95
Romanian	25	10	10
Spanish	290	145	145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10
Korean	40	15	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	20
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	5
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	5	10
American Sign Language	15	5	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	220	100	120
Chinese languages	220	100	115
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	130	65	60
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	80	35	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	640	300	345
Estonian	65	30	35
Finnish	500	230	270
Hungarian	80	40	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,210	1,065	1,145
English and French	1,055	510	550
English and non-official language(s)	1,030	490	540
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	65	40	30
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	112,745	55,565	57,185
English	102,400	50,740	51,660
French	1,590	765	820
Non-official language	1,510	730	785
Indigenous³⁹	90	50	40
Non-Indigenous	1,420	680	740
English and French	2,625	1,145	1,480
English and non-official language(s)	4,360	2,070	2,295
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	70	100
Multiple non-official languages	85	45	40
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	112,745	55,565	57,185
Single responses	111,515	54,970	56,540
Official languages	108,875	53,690	55,185
English	106,915	52,775	54,140
French	1,960	915	1,050
Non-official languages	2,640	1,280	1,360
Indigenous languages³⁹	130	70	65
Algonquian languages	130	70	60
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	125	65	60
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	125	65	60
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	120	60	55
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,510	1,215	1,295
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	85	50
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	130	80	50
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	125	70	50
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	30	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	60	35	25
Tamil	25	10	10
Telugu	15	10	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,870	875	990
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	160	80	90
Baltic languages	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	0	0
Slavic languages	160	80	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	100	50	45
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	5	15
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	400	205	200
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	360	180	175
German	340	170	170
Pennsylvania German	15	5	10
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20
Afrikaans	10	5	0
Dutch	30	20	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	435	230	200
Indo-Aryan languages	390	210	175
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	15	10
Gujarati	80	40	40
Hindi	70	40	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	170	100	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	25	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	20	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	15	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	5	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	865	360	505
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	655	255	405
Portuguese	70	30	35
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	140	75	65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	25	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	45	30	15
American Sign Language	35	15	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	55	50
Chinese languages	115	55	50
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	40	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	110	45	60
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	85	40	50
Hungarian	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,230	590	640
English and French	495	230	270
English and non-official language(s)	705	350	355
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	112,750	55,565	57,185
None	106,595	52,760	53,835
English	1,300	610	695
French	1,800	790	1,010
Non-official language	2,620	1,220	1,400
Indigenous³⁹	325	135	190
Non-Indigenous	2,295	1,085	1,210
English and French	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	105	50	60
French and non-official language(s)	100	40	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	215	100	115
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,975	55,255	56,720
Official languages	111,570	55,090	56,480
English	111,240	54,915	56,325
French	13,180	5,955	7,225
Non-official languages	11,210	5,520	5,690
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,005	430	575
Algonquian languages	980	415	570
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	10	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	965	405	560
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	960	395	565
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	70	20	50
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	890	380	510
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,245	5,110	5,135
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	160	80
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	235	160	70
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	210	145	65
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	10	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	205	65	140
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	175	50	125
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	30	20	10
Haitian Creole	15	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Dravidian languages	225	150	75
Kannada	25	15	10
Malayalam	90	60	25
Tamil	90	55	35
Telugu	75	45	35
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	8,095	4,065	4,030
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	905	445	460
Baltic languages	35	0	30
Latvian	15	0	15
Lithuanian	15	0	15
Slavic languages	870	440	435
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	40	20	15
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	390	170	220
Russian	105	40	65
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	160	85	75
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	140	70	70
Serbian	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	15
Ukrainian	180	110	70
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	0	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,750	875	875
Frisian	10	0	0
High German languages	1,465	745	715
German	1,350	690	660
Pennsylvania German	90	45	40
Swiss German	40	20	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	270	140	140
Afrikaans	20	20	0
Dutch	250	120	130
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	80	30	55
Danish	25	15	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	0	10
Swedish	40	10	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	55	25	35
Indo-Iranian languages	1,040	635	405
Indo-Aryan languages	920	555	360
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	65	35	25
Gujarati	95	60	35
Hindi	535	310	230
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	10	0
Nepali	30	0	25
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	405	245	160
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	0
Urdu	75	45	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10
Iranian languages	145	95	55
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	65	45	25
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	80	50	30
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	80	50	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,420	2,140	2,285
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	3,515	1,680	1,830
Portuguese	180	85	95
Romanian	35	25	10
Spanish	780	365	410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	80	45	35
Korean	105	55	50
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	160	95	60
Akan (Twi)	35	20	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	75	35	40
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	20	10
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	160	65	95
American Sign Language	130	60	75
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	425	235	190
Chinese languages	420	230	190
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	240	135	105
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	100	90
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	765	340	425
Estonian	75	35	40
Finnish	565	240	325
Hungarian	125	60	65
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,980	55,255	56,715
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,935	7,690	8,245
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15,445	7,475	7,970
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,875	4,655	5,215
Métis	5,520	2,785	2,735
Inuk (Inuit)	55	30	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	170	95	75
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	320	120	205
Non-Indigenous identity	96,035	47,565	48,470
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,980	55,255	56,715
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	8,215	3,785	4,430
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,760	51,470	52,285
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,710	...	...
Owner	36,695	...	...
Renter	14,405	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	610	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,710	...	...
Condominium	1,395	...	...
Not condominium	50,315	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,710	...	...
No bedrooms	185	...	...
1 bedroom	5,600	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,020	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,745	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,710	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,560	...	...
5 rooms	8,630	...	...
6 rooms	8,815	...	...
7 rooms	7,140	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,565	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,710	...	...
One person or fewer per room	51,445	...	...
More than one person per room	265	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,710	...	...
Suitable	50,320	...	...
Not suitable	1,390	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,710	...	...
1960 or before	16,415	...	...
1961 to 1980	20,810	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,390	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,735	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,115	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,305	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,070	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	865	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,710	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,145	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,565	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,710	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,955	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,400	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,350	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,710	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,215	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,620	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,570	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,375	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,555	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,910	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,130	...	...
85 years and over	2,335	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	50,115	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	42,445	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,665	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,245	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,710	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,425	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,690	...	...
Not suitable only	1,040	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,530	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	120	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	815	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...
Acceptable housing	39,285	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	49,695	...	...
In core need	4,400	...	...
Not in core need	45,295	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,935	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	996	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	246,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	266,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,325	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	850	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	875	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	615	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	472	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	462	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,975	55,260	56,720
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,655	3,665	3,990
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,515	3,600	3,910
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,270	2,915	3,350
Métis single ancestry	1,210	665	545
Inuit single ancestry	35	20	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	140	60	75
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	125	60	65
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	0	15
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,365	4,955	5,405
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,125	4,815	5,310
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,815	3,265	3,545
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,270	1,525	1,745
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	20
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	245	140	100
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	215	130	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	93,955	46,640	47,320
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,975	55,260	56,720
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	109,320	53,885	55,430
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,825	9,750	9,075
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	90,495	44,140	46,355
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,655	1,370	1,285
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,975	55,260	56,720
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	102,585	50,650	51,940
Immigrants⁸¹	8,360	3,960	4,400
Before 1980	5,445	2,590	2,855
1980 to 1990	705	305	395
1991 to 2000	510	220	295
2001 to 2010	655	335	320
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,050	515	535
2011 to 2015	395	185	205
2016 to 2021	655	330	325
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,025	650	375
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,360	3,955	4,405
Under 5 years	1,260	670	590
5 to 14 years	1,940	1,000	935
15 to 24 years	2,200	1,040	1,160
25 to 44 years	2,515	1,065	1,455
45 years and over	450	190	260
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,360	3,955	4,405
Americas	1,450	570	885
Brazil	30	20	10
Colombia	10	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	20	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	35	25	10
Mexico	40	20	20
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	65	15	45
United States of America	1,005	350	655
Other places of birth in Americas	240	120	120
Europe	5,555	2,700	2,860
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	10
Croatia	80	45	35
France	55	25	35
Germany	720	340	380
Greece	30	15	15
Hungary	90	35	50
Italy	1,930	955	980
Netherlands	150	85	70
Poland	240	100	135
Portugal	125	60	65
Romania	55	35	15
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	0
Ukraine	40	15	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,300	620	680
Other places of birth in Europe	685	355	335
Africa	250	160	95
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	45	30	15
Somalia	20	0	15
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0
Other places of birth in Africa	135	85	50
Asia	1,085	515	570
Afghanistan	10	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	45	30	10
Iraq	0	10	0
Lebanon	20	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	115	85	30
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	195	95	95
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	0	25
Korea, South⁹²	50	15	35
Taiwan	15	0	10
Philippines	100	15	85
Viet Nam	15	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	320	160	155
Pakistan	35	15	20
Sri Lanka	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	45	55
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	15	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	655	330	330
Americas	160	75	90
Brazil	15	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	10	10
United States of America	85	25	55
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	20
Europe	45	30	20
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	25	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	125	60	65
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	40	20	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	35
Asia	320	165	155
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	120	50	65
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	15
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	115	80	30
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,975	55,255	56,715
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,185	5,005	5,180
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,840	7,360	7,485
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,950	42,890	44,055
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,920	1,370	1,550
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,135	580	550
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	510	360	150
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	620	225	395
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,300	505	800
Refugees¹⁰⁸	445	260	180
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	20	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,920	1,370	1,550
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	70	45	25
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	445	230	215
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	25	60
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	195	90	105
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	15	55
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,055	965	1,090
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,975	55,255	56,715
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,825	2,065	1,755
South Asian	1,250	750	500
Chinese	560	310	250
Black	780	410	370
Filipino	245	80	165
Arab	150	100	55
Latin American	235	140	95
Southeast Asian	75	30	45
West Asian	85	45	45
Korean	120	40	80
Japanese	50	30	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125	80	45
Multiple visible minorities	135	55	80
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	108,155	53,195	54,960
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,975	55,255	56,720
Canadian	15,750	7,835	7,915
English	27,585	13,625	13,965
Irish	23,280	10,910	12,360
Scottish	23,430	11,440	11,990
French, n.o.s.¹²²	22,635	10,810	11,825
German	10,905	5,380	5,530
Chinese	570	315	255
Italian	16,835	8,515	8,325
Indian (India)	965	590	375
Ukrainian	4,630	2,195	2,435
Dutch	2,725	1,400	1,325
Polish	3,820	1,875	1,945
Québécois	420	190	230
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,395	1,625	1,770
Filipino	270	90	180
French Canadian	3,145	1,485	1,660
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,265	1,175	1,095
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,020	2,890	3,125
Métis	4,830	2,385	2,450
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,330	640	690
Russian	750	320	430
Norwegian	885	445	440
Welsh	1,920	930	990
Portuguese	495	265	235
American	1,360	655	700
Spanish	345	145	195
Swedish	1,680	795	890
Hungarian	645	315	335
Acadian	195	60	130
Pakistani	85	50	35
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	205	100	105
Jewish	195	115	80
Punjabi	65	30	35
Vietnamese	35	10	25
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	30	25
Greek	315	140	175
Jamaican	215	115	100
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	110	75	30
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	575	250	325
Korean	130	45	85
Romanian	330	170	165
Lebanese	135	60	75
Iranian	50	35	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	280	130	150
Danish	705	380	320
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,120	1,070	1,045
Sikh	40	15	30
Austrian	815	460	350
Belgian	400	210	190
Haitian	20	0	10
Hindu	100	55	45
Mexican	125	65	60
Mennonite	150	75	75
Swiss	465	245	225
Finnish	4,605	2,285	2,320
Sri Lankan	15	10	0
Croatian	1,020	510	510
Japanese	75	45	35
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	0	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	235	105	135
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	380	210	175
Muslim	30	15	15
Egyptian	40	20	20
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	15
Tamil	25	15	0
Icelandic	185	105	80
Colombian	45	25	15
Moroccan	10	0	0
Czech	275	135	140
Syrian	165	100	65
Guyanese	50	30	20
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	45	40
Serbian	90	55	35
Ojibway	3,685	1,710	1,975
Newfoundlander	215	100	115
Hong Konger	15	0	10
Ontarian	750	385	370
Persian	60	35	20
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	45	50
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	50	55
Bangladeshi	20	10	10
Algerian	0	0	10
Brazilian	35	30	10
Nigerian	15	10	10
Armenian	25	0	20
Slovak	280	140	140
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	110	50	60
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	20	0	10
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	0	0
African Caribbean	35	15	15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	15	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	10	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	15
Algonquin	210	85	125
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10
Lithuanian	345	220	130
South African	45	15	20
Australian	50	30	20
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	75	35	45
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	0	10
Peruvian	15	10	10
Yoruba	20	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	85	55	30
Macedonian	10	0	0
Slovenian	170	95	75
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	30	45
New Brunswicker	50	25	15
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	30	15	15
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	120	60	60
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	170	65	105
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Albertan	15	0	15
Ghanaian	30	20	10
Barbadian	30	15	15
African American	120	70	50
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	75	110
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	35	10
Cuban	25	15	10
Bosnian	15	0	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	105	65	35
Bengali	10	0	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	55	30	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	100	55	45
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	60	35	25
Franco Ontarian	180	80	105
Argentinian	35	20	15
Estonian	345	170	175
Kurdish	35	25	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	40	40
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	25	0	20
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	40	20	20
Byelorussian	35	10	20
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	15	10
Abenaki	15	0	10
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	25	20
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	10	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	125	45	80
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	35	0	30
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	20	10	10
Norman	20	20	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	385	185	195
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	0	15
Oji-Cree	30	15	20
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	15	10	10
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0
Rwandan	10	10	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	15	10	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	55	15	40
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	20	10	10
United Empire Loyalist	45	15	30
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	40	15	25
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	60	40	25
Uruguayan	15	0	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	15	15	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,980	55,255	56,715
Buddhist	180	75	105
Christian	65,830	30,700	35,130
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,990	2,845	3,150
Anabaptist	410	215	195
Anglican	5,355	2,450	2,905
Baptist	1,795	815	985
Catholic	35,300	16,820	18,475
Christian Orthodox	220	90	135
Jehovah's Witness	840	350	490
Latter Day Saints	355	165	195
Lutheran	1,630	790	835
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	405	185	220
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	985	430	555
Presbyterian	1,330	610	720
Reformed	35	25	10
United Church	7,485	3,265	4,215
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,695	1,645	2,050
Hindu	520	340	180
Jewish	90	35	60
Muslim	370	220	150
Sikh	315	190	120
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	735	310	430
Other religions and spiritual traditions	670	305	365
No religion and secular perspectives	43,265	23,085	20,180
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,115	54,860	56,255
Non-movers	99,475	49,060	50,415
Movers	11,640	5,795	5,840
Non-migrants	7,475	3,700	3,770
Migrants	4,165	2,095	2,070
Internal migrants	3,755	1,875	1,880
Intraprovincial migrants	3,350	1,690	1,655
Interprovincial migrants	400	180	220
External migrants	410	225	185
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,195	52,840	54,360
Non-movers	70,455	34,575	35,870
Movers	36,745	18,260	18,485
Non-migrants	19,215	9,255	9,950
Migrants	17,535	9,000	8,530
Internal migrants	15,955	8,065	7,890
Intraprovincial migrants	14,470	7,310	7,155
Interprovincial migrants	1,490	755	735
External migrants	1,575	935	640
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,060	47,015	49,045
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,025	10,535	9,495
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,035	36,480	39,555
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,405	27,515	28,895
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,030	3,885	3,145
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,380	23,630	25,750
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	96,060	47,015	49,050
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,625	8,950	8,680
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,125	13,845	15,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,315	24,225	25,090
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,160	17,335	15,825
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,570	6,065	1,500
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,440	2,470	970
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,125	3,595	530
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,050	10,600	13,450
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,540	670	870
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,155	6,885	9,265
Bachelor's degree	11,895	4,865	7,035
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,215	490	725
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	295	150
Master's degree	2,230	1,015	1,220
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	220	145
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,410	27,510	28,895
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,040	3,325	2,710
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,435	8,305	8,125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,935	15,880	18,060
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,355	11,245	11,115
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,285	3,405	885
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,995	1,420	575
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,285	1,980	305
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,070	7,425	9,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,005	420	590
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,575	4,635	6,940
Bachelor's degree	8,525	3,305	5,225
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	870	325	540
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	200	145
Master's degree	1,560	655	910
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	280	150	130
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	96,060	47,015	49,050
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	46,750	22,790	23,960
Education	3,265	910	2,360
13. Education	3,265	910	2,360
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,120	515	605
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	95	15
50. Visual and performing arts	1,010	420	590
Humanities	1,755	720	1,035
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	25	80
23. English language and literature/letters	460	140	320
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	420	130	290
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	40	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	45	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	125	55
54. History	340	195	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	15	85
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,160	1,410	3,755
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	10	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	325	135	180
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,355	80	1,275
22. Legal professions and studies	610	195	415
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	25	85
42. Psychology	1,295	265	1,030
45. Social sciences	1,415	700	720
Business, management and public administration	7,940	2,380	5,560
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,270	175	1,095
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,665	2,200	4,465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,440	710	730
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	770	355	415
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	120	140
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	35
40. Physical sciences	305	200	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	35	45
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,505	965	540
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,175	805	370
25. Library science	95	0	95
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	120	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	35	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,905	11,380	525
04. Architecture and related services	155	110	50
14. Engineering	970	895	75
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,170	2,920	245
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,560	2,495	60
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,255	3,190	65
48. Precision production	1,795	1,765	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,640	1,175	470
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465	225	235
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,175	945	235
Health and related fields	9,220	1,620	7,600
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	635	375	255
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,415	1,140	7,270
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	95	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,350	2,445	1,910
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,825	450	1,370
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0
43. Security and protective services	1,565	1,100	465
49. Transportation and materials moving	945	880	65
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,405	27,515	28,895
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,475	11,640	10,835
Education	1,960	485	1,480
13. Education	1,960	485	1,480
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	830	340	490
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	35	15
50. Visual and performing arts	780	305	475
Humanities	1,085	410	675
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	10	70
23. English language and literature/letters	280	75	205
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	265	80	195
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	25	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	75	40
54. History	210	120	90
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	15	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,750	925	2,825
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	115	155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,035	70	965
22. Legal professions and studies	420	105	320
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	15	55
42. Psychology	925	165	760
45. Social sciences	980	450	525
Business, management and public administration	5,805	1,675	4,130
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,020	140	885
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,775	1,535	3,240
Physical and life sciences and technologies	990	430	565
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	555	235	325
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	195	80	115
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	25
40. Physical sciences	180	110	70
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,065	725	345
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	885	635	250
25. Library science	50	0	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	110	60	55
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,545	7,125	415
04. Architecture and related services	125	85	45
14. Engineering	675	610	65
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,080	1,905	180
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,630	1,580	50
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,985	1,935	55
48. Precision production	1,045	1,015	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,170	765	405
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	365	165	200
03. Natural resources and conservation	805	600	200
Health and related fields	6,480	1,215	5,265
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	480	290	190
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,885	870	5,015
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	50	45
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,250	1,785	1,460
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,300	295	1,010
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	1,270	865	400
49. Transportation and materials moving	665	620	50
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,405	27,515	28,895
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,475	11,640	10,835
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,930	15,875	18,055
Location of study inside Canada	30,855	14,405	16,455
Same as province or territory of residence	29,560	13,805	15,755
Different than province or territory of residence	1,295	600	700
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,075	1,475	1,605
Americas	2,105	985	1,120
United States of America	1,990	920	1,065
Mexico	15	0	10
Cuba	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	15	0	15
Colombia	15	10	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	35	15
Europe	275	160	115
Belgium	0	0	0
France	10	0	0
Germany	15	15	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	25	15	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	15	10
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	100	60
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	10	20
Africa	75	40	35
Nigeria	15	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Africa	25	15	10
Asia	575	275	300
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	20	30
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15
Philippines	110	30	80
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	350	190	155
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	15	0
Oceania	50	20	30
Australia	45	20	25
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	96,060	47,015	49,050
In the labour force	50,330	25,970	24,360
Employed	43,855	22,600	21,255
Unemployed	6,475	3,370	3,105
Not in the labour force	45,730	21,045	24,680
Participation rate	52.4	55.2	49.7
Employment rate	45.7	48.1	43.3
Unemployment rate	12.9	13.0	12.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	96,060	47,015	49,050
Did not work¹⁸⁶	44,830	20,560	24,270
Worked	51,225	26,450	24,780
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,790	14,745	12,040
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,435	11,705	12,735
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.2	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	50,335	25,970	24,365
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,330	735	595
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,005	25,235	23,765
Employee	44,295	22,475	21,815
Permanent position	37,225	18,990	18,245
Temporary position	7,065	3,485	3,580
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,925	820	1,105
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,140	2,665	2,470
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,710	2,765	1,950
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	50,335	25,970	24,365
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,330	735	595
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,005	25,235	23,765
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	300	210	95
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,390	1,605	4,790
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,495	2,000	490
3 Health occupations	5,025	845	4,180
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,805	2,160	4,645
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	950	365	585
6 Sales and service occupations	12,780	5,235	7,550
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,170	9,335	840
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,655	1,355	295
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,430	2,135	295
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	50,335	25,970	24,365
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,330	735	595
All industries¹⁹¹	49,005	25,235	23,765
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,045	725	320
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,230	1,115	110
22 Utilities	510	425	90
23 Construction	3,685	3,255	430
31-33 Manufacturing	4,545	3,925	620
41 Wholesale trade	805	625	175
44-45 Retail trade	6,535	3,180	3,355
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,070	1,500	565
51 Information and cultural industries	470	250	215
52 Finance and insurance	1,135	315	820
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	660	360	300
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,855	925	930
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	15	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,010	1,315	695
61 Educational services	4,025	1,245	2,785
62 Health care and social assistance	8,605	1,460	7,145
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,325	605	720
72 Accommodation and food services	3,235	1,150	2,085
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,000	1,095	905
91 Public administration	3,225	1,745	1,480
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	55,195	28,510	26,685
English	52,405	27,350	25,055
French	430	160	270
Non-official language	125	80	40
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	125	80	40
English and French	1,785	700	1,080
English and non-official language(s)	440	200	240
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	55,195	28,510	26,685
Single responses	54,965	28,405	26,560
Official languages	54,785	28,290	26,495
English	54,140	28,060	26,080
French	645	235	410
Non-official languages	175	110	65
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	10
Algonquian languages	25	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	25	10	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	10	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	105	50
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	145	95	50
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	120	85	40
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	115	80	35
German	105	70	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	240	110	130
English and French	190	85	100
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	20
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	55,195	28,510	26,685
None	53,180	27,690	25,490
English	260	95	165
French	1,390	560	830
Non-official language	350	160	190
Indigenous³⁹	110	30	80
Non-Indigenous	240	130	110
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,855	22,600	21,255
Worked at home	6,830	2,880	3,945
Worked outside Canada	170	100	70
No fixed workplace address	4,750	3,635	1,115
Usual place of work	32,105	15,985	16,120
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,105	15,985	16,120
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,785	12,530	13,250
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,370	2,820	2,550
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	825	540	290
Commute to a different province or territory	125	95	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,860	19,620	17,235
Car, truck or van	33,295	17,680	15,615
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,750	16,605	14,145
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,540	1,075	1,470
Public transit	820	390	425
Walked	1,735	870	865
Bicycle	300	235	60
Other method	715	435	275
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,860	19,620	17,235
Less than 15 minutes	21,965	10,935	11,030
15 to 29 minutes	9,390	5,155	4,235
30 to 44 minutes	2,960	1,740	1,220
45 to 59 minutes	1,120	670	455
60 minutes and over	1,420	1,120	300
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,860	19,620	17,235
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,935	2,330	605
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,545	4,085	2,460
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,995	4,835	4,160
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,905	3,450	5,455
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,995	1,650	2,340
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,485	3,270	2,215
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,420	10,060	9,360
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,280	1,630	1,650
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,145	8,435	7,715
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,270	7,390	6,885
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,465	1,210	1,250
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,565	755	805
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	900	455	445
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,810	6,175	5,635

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed February 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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