Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Barrie, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	147,829	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	141,434	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	57,276	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	55,316	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,493.1	...	...	1,493.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	99.01	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	147,825	72,385	75,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24,745	12,790	11,950	16.7	17.7	15.8
0 to 4 years	7,340	3,830	3,515	5.0	5.3	4.7
5 to 9 years	8,390	4,340	4,050	5.7	6.0	5.4
10 to 14 years	9,015	4,625	4,390	6.1	6.4	5.8
15 to 64 years	99,570	49,480	50,090	67.4	68.4	66.4
15 to 19 years	9,090	4,680	4,410	6.1	6.5	5.8
20 to 24 years	10,050	5,300	4,750	6.8	7.3	6.3
25 to 29 years	10,770	5,525	5,240	7.3	7.6	6.9
30 to 34 years	10,805	5,395	5,405	7.3	7.5	7.2
35 to 39 years	10,145	5,010	5,135	6.9	6.9	6.8
40 to 44 years	9,545	4,635	4,910	6.5	6.4	6.5
45 to 49 years	9,650	4,695	4,955	6.5	6.5	6.6
50 to 54 years	9,835	4,810	5,025	6.7	6.6	6.7
55 to 59 years	10,740	5,160	5,580	7.3	7.1	7.4
60 to 64 years	8,950	4,265	4,685	6.1	5.9	6.2
65 years and over	23,515	10,120	13,400	15.9	14.0	17.8
65 to 69 years	6,835	3,155	3,675	4.6	4.4	4.9
70 to 74 years	5,830	2,660	3,170	3.9	3.7	4.2
75 to 79 years	4,180	1,780	2,400	2.8	2.5	3.2
80 to 84 years	3,060	1,245	1,815	2.1	1.7	2.4
85 years and over	3,615	1,280	2,340	2.4	1.8	3.1
85 to 89 years	2,125	875	1,250	1.4	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,145	325	825	0.8	0.4	1.1
95 to 99 years	305	75	230	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.7	17.7	15.8	16.7	17.7	15.8
15 to 64 years	67.4	68.4	66.4	67.4	68.4	66.4
65 years and over	15.9	14.0	17.8	15.9	14.0	17.8
85 years and over	2.4	1.8	3.1	2.4	1.8	3.1
Average age of the population	40.2	38.8	41.6	40.2	38.8	41.6
Median age of the population	39.2	37.6	40.8	39.2	37.6	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,210	...	...	58.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,355	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	6,330	...	...	11.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,715	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,400	...	...	11.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,240	...	...	7.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,230	...	...	23.9	...	...
2 persons	17,530	...	...	31.7	...	...
3 persons	9,835	...	...	17.8	...	...
4 persons	9,090	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	5,625	...	...	10.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	123,085	59,595	63,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	66,520	33,190	33,335	54.0	55.7	52.5
Married	52,220	26,050	26,170	42.4	43.7	41.2
Living common-law	14,305	7,135	7,165	11.6	12.0	11.3
Living common law - Never married	10,235	5,140	5,095	8.3	8.6	8.0
Living common law - Separated	875	430	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,865	1,440	1,425	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	335	125	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	56,565	26,410	30,155	46.0	44.3	47.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,950	20,190	16,765	30.0	33.9	26.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,335	1,730	2,610	3.5	2.9	4.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,575	3,135	5,445	7.0	5.3	8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,695	1,360	5,335	5.4	2.3	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	40,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,550	...	...	47.8	...	...
3 persons	9,420	...	...	23.1	...	...
4 persons	8,440	...	...	20.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,445	...	...	8.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	40,860	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	32,515	...	...	79.6	...	...
Married couples	25,370	...	...	62.1	...	...
With children⁶	14,790	...	...	36.2	...	...
Without children	10,580	...	...	25.9	...	...
Common-law couples	7,145	...	...	17.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,035	...	...	7.4	...	...
Without children	4,115	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,345	...	...	20.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,515	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,830	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	119,420	58,870	60,545	82.1	82.5	81.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	65,030	32,460	32,570	44.7	45.5	44.0
Parents in one-parent families	8,345	1,825	6,515	5.7	2.6	8.8
Children⁶	46,045	24,585	21,460	31.7	34.4	29.0
In a two-parent family	33,015	17,545	15,470	22.7	24.6	20.9
In a one-parent family	13,030	7,035	5,990	9.0	9.9	8.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,970	12,525	13,440	17.9	17.5	18.2
Living alone	13,235	5,610	7,620	9.1	7.9	10.3
Living with other relatives⁷	4,275	1,860	2,415	2.9	2.6	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	8,460	5,055	3,405	5.8	7.1	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,500	...	...	60.6	...	...
Couple-family households	27,490	...	...	49.7	...	...
With children⁶	15,375	...	...	27.8	...	...
Without children	12,120	...	...	21.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,015	...	...	10.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,235	...	...	4.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	565	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,875	...	...	5.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,910	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	13,235	...	...	23.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	120,690	58,635	62,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,030	56,190	59,845	96.1	95.8	96.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,200	36,400	41,200	47,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,140	56,250	59,890	96.2	95.9	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	33,600	37,200	42,000	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,710	51,385	52,325	85.9	87.6	84.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,000	27,600	35,200	44,000	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,410	44,890	42,520	72.4	76.6	68.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,400	29,800	36,800	44,400	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	105,075	49,990	55,085	87.1	85.3	88.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	6,550	11,200	9,000	6,550	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,120	5,350	6,765	10.0	9.1	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,520	5,520	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,015	18,170	19,840	31.5	31.0	32.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	120,690	58,640	62,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,200	56,315	59,885	96.3	96.0	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,550	58,750	44,800	51,550	58,750	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,325	56,380	59,950	96.4	96.1	96.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560	48,480	38,920	43,560	48,480	38,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,785	51,205	52,580	86.0	87.3	84.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	55,600	38,200	46,800	55,600	38,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,405	44,785	42,625	72.4	76.4	68.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,840	54,350	38,920	46,840	54,350	38,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	105,425	50,150	55,270	87.4	85.5	89.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,780	9,200	12,210	10,780	9,200	12,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,135	5,205	6,930	10.1	8.9	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,330	5,940	6,630	6,330	5,940	6,630
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,025	18,185	19,840	31.5	31.0	32.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,960	8,650	9,240	8,960	8,650	9,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	120,695	58,640	62,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,460	23,470	17,985	34.4	40.0	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	69,500	56,000	63,200	69,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,500	78,400	62,650	71,500	78,400	62,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,705	15,795	18,910	28.8	26.9	30.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	21,000	16,000	17,800	21,000	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,720	31,240	23,000	26,720	31,240	23,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.0	86.0	74.8	81.0	86.0	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.2	73.6	61.8	68.2	73.6	61.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.0	14.0	25.2	19.0	14.0	25.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.9	1.7	1.3	0.9	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.4	5.2	8.0	6.4	5.2	8.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.7	4.8	6.8	5.7	4.8	6.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	120,695	58,630	62,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,655	2,440	2,215	3.9	4.2	3.6
With total income	116,035	56,190	59,845	96.1	95.8	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,150	3,960	5,185	7.9	7.0	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	13,655	5,830	7,825	11.8	10.4	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	18,335	7,570	10,765	15.8	13.5	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	15,380	6,360	9,025	13.3	11.3	15.1
$40,000 to $49,999	13,180	5,845	7,335	11.4	10.4	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,575	5,025	5,545	9.1	8.9	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	8,400	4,375	4,020	7.2	7.8	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	6,555	3,745	2,810	5.6	6.7	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	5,050	3,130	1,920	4.4	5.6	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	4,155	2,495	1,665	3.6	4.4	2.8
$100,000 and over	11,595	7,850	3,745	10.0	14.0	6.3
$100,000 to $149,999	8,555	5,565	2,995	7.4	9.9	5.0
$150,000 and over	3,040	2,290	750	2.6	4.1	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	120,695	58,630	62,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,550	2,385	2,165	3.8	4.1	3.5
With after-tax income	116,140	56,250	59,895	96.2	95.9	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,605	4,120	5,485	8.3	7.3	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	14,300	6,130	8,175	12.3	10.9	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	20,985	8,650	12,330	18.1	15.4	20.6
$30,000 to $39,999	17,935	7,745	10,190	15.4	13.8	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	14,905	7,010	7,900	12.8	12.5	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	11,505	5,900	5,605	9.9	10.5	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	8,415	4,850	3,560	7.2	8.6	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,975	3,625	2,345	5.1	6.4	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,890	2,835	2,050	4.2	5.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,625	1,735	895	2.3	3.1	1.5
$100,000 and over	4,995	3,640	1,355	4.3	6.5	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,790	1,985	810	2.4	3.5	1.4
$125,000 and over	2,205	1,660	550	1.9	3.0	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	120,695	58,630	62,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	33,285	13,745	19,535	27.6	23.4	31.5
With employment income	87,405	44,890	42,520	72.4	76.6	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,905	5,575	6,335	13.6	12.4	14.9
$5,000 to $9,999	7,325	3,040	4,290	8.4	6.8	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,785	4,715	6,065	12.3	10.5	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	8,350	3,700	4,655	9.6	8.2	10.9
$30,000 to $39,999	8,070	3,735	4,340	9.2	8.3	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	7,770	3,750	4,015	8.9	8.4	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,680	3,510	3,165	7.6	7.8	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,525	3,110	2,415	6.3	6.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,560	2,785	1,770	5.2	6.2	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,835	2,425	1,410	4.4	5.4	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,540	2,060	1,475	4.1	4.6	3.5
$100,000 and over	9,060	6,485	2,580	10.4	14.4	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	4,920	3,270	1,650	5.6	7.3	3.9
$125,000 and over	4,145	3,215	935	4.7	7.2	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	120,690	58,635	62,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	113,630	54,905	58,720	94.2	93.6	94.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	45,600	33,200	38,400	45,600	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	113,665	54,915	58,750	94.2	93.7	94.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	30,800	34,800	40,400	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,430	50,580	51,850	84.9	86.3	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	45,200	29,800	36,400	45,200	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,320	44,675	42,650	72.4	76.2	68.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,200	31,600	37,600	45,200	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,450	46,445	52,000	81.6	79.2	83.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,260	950	5,400	2,260	950	5,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,345	3,610	4,735	6.9	6.2	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,480	5,640	5,560	5,480	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	120,690	58,640	62,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	113,645	54,830	58,815	94.2	93.5	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	56,500	41,600	48,800	56,500	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	113,675	54,830	58,850	94.2	93.5	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	46,320	36,040	41,000	46,320	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,545	50,385	52,165	85.0	85.9	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,240	56,250	38,520	47,240	56,250	38,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,270	44,480	42,795	72.3	75.9	69.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	55,450	39,440	47,600	55,450	39,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,490	46,335	52,160	81.6	79.0	84.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,110	5,695	8,370	7,110	5,695	8,370
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,240	3,510	4,725	6.8	6.0	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,210	7,530	6,970	6,210	7,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	120,695	58,640	62,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,050	23,225	17,825	34.0	39.6	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	66,500	52,000	59,200	66,500	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,300	75,500	58,950	68,300	75,500	58,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,895	14,860	18,035	27.3	25.3	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	27,200	21,600	23,800	27,200	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,200	37,520	27,840	32,200	37,520	27,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	91.4	82.2	87.4	91.4	82.2
Employment income (%)	75.0	79.6	69.0	75.0	79.6	69.0
Government transfers (%)	12.6	8.5	17.8	12.6	8.5	17.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	55,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,235	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	42,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	55,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...	108,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,160	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,100	...	...	56,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,080	...	...	47,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	42,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,600	...	...	124,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,500	...	...	105,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	55,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	415	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	455	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	800	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,515	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,555	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,510	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,645	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,780	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,915	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,640	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,775	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,775	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,575	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,455	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,290	...	...	45.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,710	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,570	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,765	...	...	12.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,245	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	55,320	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	230	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	455	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	835	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,620	...	...	2.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,815	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,725	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,930	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,195	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,110	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,490	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,575	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,505	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,300	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,955	...	...	7.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,095	...	...	36.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,675	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,160	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,260	...	...	13.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	39,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,695	10,665	11,030	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	40,800	37,600	38,800	40,800	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,800	34,400	35,600	36,800	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	40,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,400	...	...	123,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...	90,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,600	...	...	150,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,200	...	...	126,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,900	...	...	82,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,700	...	...	73,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,475	10,615	10,865	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,960	50,680	47,240	48,960	50,680	47,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,640	42,240	41,040	41,640	42,240	41,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	145,390	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,160	15,590	14,570	20.7	21.8	19.7
0 to 5 years	9,000	4,665	4,340	6.2	6.5	5.9
18 to 64 years	93,565	46,295	47,270	64.4	64.8	63.9
65 years and over	21,660	9,510	12,150	14.9	13.3	16.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,080	5,530	6,550	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,025	1,590	1,435	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	950	495	450	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,850	3,225	3,625	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,205	715	1,485	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.3	7.7	8.9	8.3	7.7	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	10.2	9.9	10.0	10.2	9.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.5	10.6	10.4	10.5	10.6	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.3	7.0	7.7	7.3	7.0	7.7
65 years and over (%)	10.2	7.5	12.3	10.2	7.5	12.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,165	15,585	14,575	20.7	21.8	19.7
0 to 5 years	9,005	4,665	4,340	6.2	6.5	5.9
18 to 64 years	93,565	46,295	47,265	64.4	64.8	63.9
65 years and over	21,665	9,515	12,145	14.9	13.3	16.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,650	3,065	2,585	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	930	480	445	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	280	145	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,385	2,445	1,940	...	...	...
65 years and over	335	135	205	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.9	4.3	3.5	3.9	4.3	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	5.3	4.1	4.7	5.3	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.4	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	69,580	33,270	36,305	47.9	46.6	49.1
In bottom decile	12,140	6,010	6,130	8.4	8.4	8.3
In second decile	13,700	6,240	7,460	9.4	8.7	10.1
In third decile	14,030	6,650	7,380	9.7	9.3	10.0
In fourth decile	14,805	7,090	7,720	10.2	9.9	10.4
In fifth decile	14,895	7,280	7,615	10.2	10.2	10.3
In top half of the distribution	75,810	38,125	37,680	52.1	53.4	50.9
In sixth decile	15,715	7,885	7,825	10.8	11.0	10.6
In seventh decile	16,255	7,985	8,275	11.2	11.2	11.2
In eighth decile	16,145	8,085	8,060	11.1	11.3	10.9
In ninth decile	15,760	7,985	7,775	10.8	11.2	10.5
In top decile	11,940	6,185	5,755	8.2	8.7	7.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	145,385	...	...	145,385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.295	...	...	0.295	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.259	...	...	0.259	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	146,265	71,805	74,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	135,345	67,025	68,325	92.5	93.3	91.8
French only	80	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	9,630	4,195	5,430	6.6	5.8	7.3
Neither English nor French	1,215	550	665	0.8	0.8	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	146,265	71,805	74,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	142,165	69,965	72,200	97.2	97.4	97.0
French	2,480	1,105	1,375	1.7	1.5	1.8
English and French	455	205	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,165	530	640	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	146,265	71,805	74,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	142,320	69,945	72,380	97.3	97.4	97.2
Official languages	121,510	59,845	61,670	83.1	83.3	82.8
English	119,000	58,730	60,270	81.4	81.8	80.9
French	2,515	1,115	1,395	1.7	1.6	1.9
Non-official languages	20,810	10,095	10,710	14.2	14.1	14.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,770	10,085	10,690	14.2	14.0	14.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	870	445	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	855	435	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	565	295	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	100	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	465	210	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	410	185	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,040	395	640	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	95	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	835	320	520	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	590	360	230	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	375	240	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,505	7,145	7,365	9.9	10.0	9.9
Albanian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,600	1,690	1,910	2.5	2.4	2.6
Baltic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,515	1,655	1,860	2.4	2.3	2.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	1,035	475	565	0.7	0.7	0.8
Russian	1,605	765	835	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,400	590	815	1.0	0.8	1.1
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	810	320	485	0.6	0.4	0.7
German	775	305	470	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	225	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	465	200	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,010	2,150	1,865	2.7	3.0	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages	3,190	1,760	1,430	2.2	2.5	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	605	345	260	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	425	245	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	980	585	400	0.7	0.8	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	885	430	450	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	820	390	430	0.6	0.5	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	765	360	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	220	105	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	450	215	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,165	2,535	2,630	3.5	3.5	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,160	570	585	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	1,320	675	645	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,470	1,185	1,290	1.7	1.7	1.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	565	260	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	300	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,540	715	825	1.1	1.0	1.1
Chinese languages	1,525	705	815	1.0	1.0	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,100	520	585	0.8	0.7	0.8
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	355	160	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	205	110	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	440	195	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	320	150	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,945	1,865	2,080	2.7	2.6	2.8
English and French	870	395	475	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,650	1,265	1,385	1.8	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	70	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	146,265	71,805	74,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,385	60,855	62,530	84.4	84.8	84.0
French	520	235	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	4,800	2,355	2,450	3.3	3.3	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,800	2,350	2,450	3.3	3.3	3.3
English and French	1,940	800	1,135	1.3	1.1	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	14,545	7,045	7,500	9.9	9.8	10.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	510	240	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	530	265	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	146,265	71,805	74,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	142,675	70,075	72,595	97.5	97.6	97.5
Official languages	132,370	64,950	67,420	90.5	90.5	90.5
English	131,565	64,600	66,965	89.9	90.0	89.9
French	800	350	450	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	10,305	5,125	5,175	7.0	7.1	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,300	5,130	5,175	7.0	7.1	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	435	215	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	430	210	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	305	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	455	210	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	330	155	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	420	250	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	280	175	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,785	3,390	3,390	4.6	4.7	4.6
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,820	900	925	1.2	1.3	1.2
Baltic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,790	880	905	1.2	1.2	1.2
Belarusian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	430	205	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	1,080	535	545	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,570	1,340	1,230	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,065	1,090	970	1.4	1.5	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	370	210	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	665	385	280	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	585	275	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	505	245	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	470	230	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	300	155	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,150	1,035	1,115	1.5	1.4	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	215	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	565	295	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,290	610	680	0.9	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	410	195	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	505	530	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese languages	1,025	500	525	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	800	405	395	0.5	0.6	0.5
Min Dong	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,595	1,730	1,865	2.5	2.4	2.5
English and French	395	175	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,050	1,485	1,570	2.1	2.1	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	146,265	71,800	74,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	131,680	64,850	66,830	90.0	90.3	89.8
English	4,475	2,235	2,240	3.1	3.1	3.0
French	1,400	575	825	1.0	0.8	1.1
Non-official language	6,885	3,235	3,650	4.7	4.5	4.9
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,850	3,225	3,625	4.7	4.5	4.9
English and French	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	760	385	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	735	360	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	144,200	70,905	73,295	99.2	99.3	99.1
English	144,130	70,865	73,265	99.1	99.3	99.0
French	9,530	4,240	5,295	6.6	5.9	7.2
Non-official languages	28,095	13,550	14,550	19.3	19.0	19.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	27,985	13,495	14,485	19.2	18.9	19.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,605	780	825	1.1	1.1	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,535	735	800	1.1	1.0	1.1
Amharic	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	950	475	475	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	420	200	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrigna	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	670	335	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	595	290	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,490	550	935	1.0	0.8	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,410	505	905	1.0	0.7	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	150	95	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	810	500	305	0.6	0.7	0.4
Kannada	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	480	305	175	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamil	340	190	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Telugu	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,770	9,690	10,085	13.6	13.6	13.6
Albanian	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,175	2,000	2,165	2.9	2.8	2.9
Baltic languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latvian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,115	1,965	2,145	2.8	2.8	2.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	1,340	645	690	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	2,040	950	1,090	1.4	1.3	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	340	185	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	185	115	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	490	205	290	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,195	985	1,205	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,505	670	830	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	1,460	645	815	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	585	275	310	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	510	230	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	425	215	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	5,710	3,090	2,620	3.9	4.3	3.5
Indo-Aryan languages	4,650	2,570	2,080	3.2	3.6	2.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	920	530	390	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	2,140	1,215	925	1.5	1.7	1.3
Kacchi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,685	970	715	1.2	1.4	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,440	760	680	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,100	545	555	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,040	520	525	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	240	105	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian Persian	720	365	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,530	3,510	4,020	5.2	4.9	5.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,920	910	1,010	1.3	1.3	1.4
Portuguese	1,630	870	760	1.1	1.2	1.0
Romanian	285	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	4,140	1,820	2,320	2.8	2.5	3.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	730	335	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	870	420	450	0.6	0.6	0.6
Akan (Twi)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	320	140	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	250	75	180	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	240	65	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,805	840	970	1.2	1.2	1.3
Chinese languages	1,785	825	955	1.2	1.2	1.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,465	680	790	1.0	1.0	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	405	165	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	385	210	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	330	185	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	400	165	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	280	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,320	2,545	2,775	3.7	3.6	3.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,105	2,450	2,655	3.5	3.4	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,030	1,560	1,470	2.1	2.2	2.0
Métis	1,995	860	1,135	1.4	1.2	1.5
Inuk (Inuit)	80	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	140,070	68,855	71,215	96.3	96.4	96.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,770	855	920	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	143,615	70,545	73,070	98.8	98.8	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,435	...	...	67.7	...	...
Renter	17,880	...	...	32.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,400	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not condominium	48,915	...	...	88.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,215	...	...	9.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,505	...	...	19.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	20,645	...	...	37.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,730	...	...	33.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,735	...	...	21.2	...	...
5 rooms	8,150	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	8,650	...	...	15.6	...	...
7 rooms	7,530	...	...	13.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	19,250	...	...	34.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,695	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	620	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,025	...	...	95.9	...	...
Not suitable	2,290	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,570	...	...	10.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,425	...	...	18.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,985	...	...	14.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	13,245	...	...	23.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,540	...	...	15.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,255	...	...	7.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,720	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,585	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	52,795	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,525	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,750	...	...	46.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,755	...	...	46.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,810	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,380	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,040	...	...	14.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	10,300	...	...	18.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,855	...	...	19.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,430	...	...	20.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,225	...	...	13.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,310	...	...	7.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,775	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	55,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,395	...	...	73.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	14,760	...	...	26.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	13,555	...	...	24.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	55,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,145	...	...	32.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	13,485	...	...	24.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,705	...	...	3.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,545	...	...	2.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	430	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	830	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,170	...	...	67.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,925	...	...	12.8	...	...
Not in core need	47,015	...	...	87.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,435	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	69.4	...	...	69.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.3	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,752	...	...	1,752	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	695,000	...	...	695,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	696,000	...	...	696,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,880	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.5	...	...	42.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.1	...	...	26.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,510	...	...	1,510	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,526	...	...	1,526	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	145,385	71,400	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,730	920	815	1.2	1.3	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,705	915	790	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,270	690	575	0.9	1.0	0.8
Métis single ancestry	415	215	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,495	2,530	2,970	3.8	3.5	4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,410	2,495	2,915	3.7	3.5	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,685	1,730	1,955	2.5	2.4	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,665	740	925	1.1	1.0	1.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	138,155	67,950	70,205	95.0	95.2	94.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	145,390	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	135,560	66,435	69,125	93.2	93.1	93.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,085	14,970	14,110	20.0	21.0	19.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	106,480	51,465	55,010	73.2	72.1	74.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,830	4,960	4,865	6.8	6.9	6.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	145,390	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	117,640	57,980	59,660	80.9	81.2	80.6
Immigrants⁸¹	24,640	11,625	13,015	16.9	16.3	17.6
Before 1980	6,750	3,050	3,700	4.6	4.3	5.0
1980 to 1990	2,880	1,435	1,445	2.0	2.0	2.0
1991 to 2000	3,690	1,660	2,030	2.5	2.3	2.7
2001 to 2010	4,860	2,340	2,520	3.3	3.3	3.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,460	3,130	3,325	4.4	4.4	4.5
2011 to 2015	2,915	1,350	1,560	2.0	1.9	2.1
2016 to 2021	3,540	1,780	1,765	2.4	2.5	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,105	1,790	1,310	2.1	2.5	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	24,640	11,620	13,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,950	1,450	1,500	12.0	12.5	11.5
5 to 14 years	4,770	2,400	2,370	19.4	20.7	18.2
15 to 24 years	5,070	2,175	2,890	20.6	18.7	22.2
25 to 44 years	10,245	4,840	5,400	41.6	41.7	41.5
45 years and over	1,610	750	860	6.5	6.5	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	24,640	11,620	13,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,715	2,100	2,615	19.1	18.1	20.1
Brazil	220	110	110	0.9	0.9	0.8
Colombia	230	120	110	0.9	1.0	0.8
El Salvador	240	120	120	1.0	1.0	0.9
Guyana	310	140	170	1.3	1.2	1.3
Haiti	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	840	370	475	3.4	3.2	3.6
Mexico	235	95	145	1.0	0.8	1.1
Peru	130	65	65	0.5	0.6	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	360	150	210	1.5	1.3	1.6
United States of America	745	315	430	3.0	2.7	3.3
Other places of birth in Americas	1,380	600	780	5.6	5.2	6.0
Europe	9,895	4,705	5,190	40.2	40.5	39.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	80	55	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Croatia	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	100	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
Germany	770	305	465	3.1	2.6	3.6
Greece	155	85	75	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hungary	165	75	95	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italy	735	375	360	3.0	3.2	2.8
Netherlands	465	245	220	1.9	2.1	1.7
Poland	840	405	430	3.4	3.5	3.3
Portugal	650	335	310	2.6	2.9	2.4
Romania	225	110	110	0.9	0.9	0.8
Russian Federation	655	300	355	2.7	2.6	2.7
Serbia⁸⁶	75	45	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	475	215	255	1.9	1.9	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,330	1,590	1,735	13.5	13.7	13.3
Other places of birth in Europe	1,135	515	625	4.6	4.4	4.8
Africa	1,535	805	735	6.2	6.9	5.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egypt	110	65	45	0.4	0.6	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Morocco	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	510	255	255	2.1	2.2	2.0
Somalia	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	170	80	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	575	310	260	2.3	2.7	2.0
Asia	8,365	3,930	4,435	33.9	33.8	34.1
Afghanistan	155	65	85	0.6	0.6	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	530	260	270	2.2	2.2	2.1
Iraq	85	35	55	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lebanon	110	65	45	0.4	0.6	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	160	70	90	0.6	0.6	0.7
Turkey	190	110	75	0.8	0.9	0.6
China⁹⁰	1,040	465	580	4.2	4.0	4.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	400	180	220	1.6	1.5	1.7
Taiwan	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	1,455	525	930	5.9	4.5	7.1
Viet Nam	415	195	220	1.7	1.7	1.7
Bangladesh	95	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
India	1,675	880	795	6.8	7.6	6.1
Pakistan	775	415	355	3.1	3.6	2.7
Sri Lanka	170	105	70	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	1,020	475	545	4.1	4.1	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	135	80	50	0.5	0.7	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,540	1,775	1,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	450	220	230	12.7	12.4	13.1
Brazil	60	30	30	1.7	1.7	1.7
Colombia	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	40	25	1.7	2.3	1.4
Mexico	40	20	20	1.1	1.1	1.1
United States of America	115	60	55	3.2	3.4	3.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	10	20	0.8	0.6	1.1
Other places of birth in Americas	130	55	70	3.7	3.1	4.0
Europe	560	305	260	15.8	17.2	14.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Russian Federation	130	70	65	3.7	3.9	3.7
Ukraine	130	55	75	3.7	3.1	4.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	70	30	2.8	3.9	1.7
Other places of birth in Europe	155	80	75	4.4	4.5	4.3
Africa	415	225	190	11.7	12.7	10.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	10	10	0.4	0.6	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.7	0.8	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	240	135	110	6.8	7.6	6.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	45	40	2.3	2.5	2.3
Asia	2,100	1,010	1,085	59.3	56.9	61.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	45	75	3.5	2.5	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	835	445	385	23.6	25.1	21.9
Iran⁸⁸	60	30	25	1.7	1.7	1.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	35	20	15	1.0	1.1	0.9
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	15	10	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	65	25	45	1.8	1.4	2.6
Lebanon	30	15	10	0.8	0.8	0.6
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	230	115	110	6.5	6.5	6.3
Philippines	305	125	180	8.6	7.0	10.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0.6	0.8	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	95	40	55	2.7	2.3	3.1
Turkey	70	45	20	2.0	2.5	1.1
United Arab Emirates	30	30	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Viet Nam	30	0	25	0.8	0.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Asia	90	30	60	2.5	1.7	3.4
Oceania and other⁹³	15	15	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	28,855	13,915	14,940	19.8	19.5	20.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,745	14,890	14,860	20.5	20.9	20.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,780	42,595	44,185	59.7	59.7	59.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	17,885	8,570	9,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	8,540	4,190	4,350	47.7	48.9	46.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,525	2,030	1,490	19.7	23.7	16.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	5,015	2,155	2,860	28.0	25.1	30.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,090	2,665	3,425	34.1	31.1	36.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,940	1,580	1,365	16.4	18.4	14.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	320	140	180	1.8	1.6	1.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	17,885	8,570	9,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,580	890	685	8.8	10.4	7.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,035	835	1,195	11.4	9.7	12.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	330	140	195	1.8	1.6	2.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,185	635	555	6.6	7.4	6.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,685	6,050	6,630	70.9	70.6	71.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	24,850	12,605	12,240	17.1	17.7	16.5
South Asian	6,435	3,585	2,850	4.4	5.0	3.9
Chinese	2,310	1,085	1,225	1.6	1.5	1.7
Black	5,670	2,960	2,710	3.9	4.1	3.7
Filipino	2,030	840	1,190	1.4	1.2	1.6
Arab	805	460	350	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	2,910	1,365	1,545	2.0	1.9	2.1
Southeast Asian	1,005	490	515	0.7	0.7	0.7
West Asian	1,070	530	540	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	780	360	425	0.5	0.5	0.6
Japanese	165	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	770	370	400	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	890	470	420	0.6	0.7	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	120,535	58,785	61,750	82.9	82.3	83.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	25,160	12,640	12,515	17.3	17.7	16.9
English	36,825	17,845	18,985	25.3	25.0	25.7
Irish	31,395	14,850	16,540	21.6	20.8	22.4
Scottish	30,310	14,260	16,050	20.8	20.0	21.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,485	5,980	6,510	8.6	8.4	8.8
German	13,250	6,200	7,055	9.1	8.7	9.5
Chinese	2,510	1,225	1,285	1.7	1.7	1.7
Italian	9,800	4,965	4,835	6.7	7.0	6.5
Indian (India)	3,740	2,025	1,715	2.6	2.8	2.3
Ukrainian	4,155	1,930	2,230	2.9	2.7	3.0
Dutch	6,025	2,990	3,040	4.1	4.2	4.1
Polish	5,600	2,615	2,980	3.9	3.7	4.0
Québécois	315	145	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,875	3,345	3,530	4.7	4.7	4.8
Filipino	2,060	875	1,190	1.4	1.2	1.6
French Canadian	2,395	1,130	1,265	1.6	1.6	1.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,185	1,545	1,645	2.2	2.2	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,015	1,010	1,010	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis	2,185	985	1,200	1.5	1.4	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,350	1,170	1,175	1.6	1.6	1.6
Russian	2,180	1,025	1,160	1.5	1.4	1.6
Norwegian	675	370	310	0.5	0.5	0.4
Welsh	3,110	1,450	1,660	2.1	2.0	2.2
Portuguese	3,125	1,615	1,510	2.1	2.3	2.0
American	1,425	735	690	1.0	1.0	0.9
Spanish	1,795	800	995	1.2	1.1	1.3
Swedish	765	330	435	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungarian	1,670	735	935	1.1	1.0	1.3
Acadian	440	230	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	1,055	575	485	0.7	0.8	0.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,140	595	545	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jewish	955	475	480	0.7	0.7	0.6
Punjabi	415	250	160	0.3	0.4	0.2
Vietnamese	665	330	330	0.5	0.5	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	365	210	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	1,340	655	685	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jamaican	2,030	1,060	970	1.4	1.5	1.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	620	265	355	0.4	0.4	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	220	95	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	765	355	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	695	310	385	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	390	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	670	325	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	600	265	330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	905	435	470	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	980	475	500	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	160	110	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austrian	815	415	400	0.6	0.6	0.5
Belgian	285	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	340	190	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	460	195	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	70	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swiss	365	195	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Finnish	1,235	600	635	0.8	0.8	0.9
Sri Lankan	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	410	215	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	215	125	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	400	195	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	505	275	225	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	310	165	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	410	190	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombian	310	165	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	415	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	160	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	695	325	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afghan	335	155	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	330	170	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	305	175	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	710	345	365	0.5	0.5	0.5
Newfoundlander	715	330	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hong Konger	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	815	430	390	0.6	0.6	0.5
Persian	145	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	535	275	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Turkish	335	155	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	310	160	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	545	285	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Armenian	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	235	105	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	255	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	230	100	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	205	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	175	110	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	325	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquin	180	60	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	435	210	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lithuanian	365	160	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	245	150	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	200	115	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	565	220	345	0.4	0.3	0.5
Macedonian	350	200	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slovenian	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	275	165	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	250	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mohawk	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	140	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	215	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	170	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	220	100	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	80	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	270	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	430	215	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	185	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	325	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Franco Ontarian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	65	55	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	65	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igbo	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	70	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	70	40	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayali	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	80	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	75	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	145,385	71,395	73,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	640	305	340	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	76,380	35,070	41,310	52.5	49.1	55.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,945	5,700	6,240	8.2	8.0	8.4
Anabaptist	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	7,040	3,075	3,965	4.8	4.3	5.4
Baptist	2,295	1,135	1,170	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catholic	34,250	15,955	18,300	23.6	22.3	24.7
Christian Orthodox	2,130	1,020	1,105	1.5	1.4	1.5
Jehovah's Witness	965	410	550	0.7	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	240	105	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	965	415	550	0.7	0.6	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	530	210	315	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,980	900	1,085	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	2,660	1,255	1,410	1.8	1.8	1.9
Reformed	275	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	7,260	3,000	4,255	5.0	4.2	5.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,785	1,730	2,050	2.6	2.4	2.8
Hindu	2,205	1,255	945	1.5	1.8	1.3
Jewish	965	485	480	0.7	0.7	0.6
Muslim	3,600	1,940	1,660	2.5	2.7	2.2
Sikh	1,135	650	480	0.8	0.9	0.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,060	415	645	0.7	0.6	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	59,270	31,200	28,070	40.8	43.7	37.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	143,905	70,655	73,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	122,540	60,075	62,470	85.2	85.0	85.3
Movers	21,360	10,585	10,780	14.8	15.0	14.7
Non-migrants	10,580	5,325	5,255	7.4	7.5	7.2
Migrants	10,780	5,255	5,525	7.5	7.4	7.5
Internal migrants	10,200	4,965	5,230	7.1	7.0	7.1
Intraprovincial migrants	9,795	4,775	5,020	6.8	6.8	6.9
Interprovincial migrants	410	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	580	290	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	138,125	67,730	70,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	78,060	38,120	39,940	56.5	56.3	56.7
Movers	60,065	29,605	30,455	43.5	43.7	43.3
Non-migrants	24,140	11,975	12,165	17.5	17.7	17.3
Migrants	35,925	17,635	18,290	26.0	26.0	26.0
Internal migrants	30,695	14,875	15,820	22.2	22.0	22.5
Intraprovincial migrants	28,810	13,885	14,920	20.9	20.5	21.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,880	985	895	1.4	1.5	1.3
External migrants	5,235	2,760	2,475	3.8	4.1	3.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,695	58,640	62,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,505	10,830	9,675	17.0	18.5	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	100,180	47,805	52,375	83.0	81.5	84.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,935	39,215	40,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,410	4,925	3,485	10.5	12.6	8.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	71,520	34,285	37,235	89.5	87.4	91.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,690	58,640	62,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,485	9,590	8,895	15.3	16.4	14.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	37,880	19,600	18,280	31.4	33.4	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	64,320	29,450	34,870	53.3	50.2	56.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,490	19,010	20,480	32.7	32.4	33.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,420	4,675	1,745	5.3	8.0	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,225	2,020	1,210	2.7	3.4	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,195	2,655	540	2.6	4.5	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30,650	13,230	17,425	25.4	22.6	28.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,415	1,110	1,310	2.0	1.9	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	24,830	10,445	14,390	20.6	17.8	23.2
Bachelor's degree	17,630	7,240	10,385	14.6	12.3	16.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,845	720	1,125	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	300	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	4,270	1,885	2,380	3.5	3.2	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	460	285	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,935	39,215	40,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,140	4,170	2,965	8.9	10.6	7.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,405	12,320	10,090	28.0	31.4	24.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,390	22,730	27,665	63.0	58.0	67.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,095	14,450	15,650	37.6	36.8	38.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,570	3,255	1,315	5.7	8.3	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,315	1,435	880	2.9	3.7	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,255	1,825	435	2.8	4.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,895	10,385	13,510	29.9	26.5	33.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,635	815	825	2.0	2.1	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,290	8,280	12,010	25.4	21.1	29.5
Bachelor's degree	14,410	5,840	8,570	18.0	14.9	21.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,460	540	920	1.8	1.4	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	535	230	305	0.7	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	3,560	1,480	2,080	4.5	3.8	5.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	330	195	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	120,690	58,640	62,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	56,370	29,190	27,180	46.7	49.8	43.8
Education	3,690	885	2,805	3.1	1.5	4.5
13. Education	3,690	885	2,805	3.1	1.5	4.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,405	930	1,470	2.0	1.6	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	235	180	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,165	750	1,410	1.8	1.3	2.3
Humanities	3,040	1,105	1,930	2.5	1.9	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	45	205	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	825	180	645	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	765	265	505	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	350	210	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	470	245	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,540	2,415	6,130	7.1	4.1	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	970	385	585	0.8	0.7	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,695	130	1,565	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,480	380	1,105	1.2	0.6	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	240	50	190	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,485	360	1,125	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	2,580	1,085	1,500	2.1	1.9	2.4
Business, management and public administration	12,875	5,250	7,625	10.7	9.0	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,300	210	1,090	1.1	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,570	5,035	6,530	9.6	8.6	10.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,905	850	1,055	1.6	1.4	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	810	285	520	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	215	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	435	300	140	0.4	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	135	30	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,615	1,825	790	2.2	3.1	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,155	1,625	535	1.8	2.8	0.9
25. Library science	145	10	135	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	240	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,575	10,580	995	9.6	18.0	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	465	330	140	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	2,080	1,700	380	1.7	2.9	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,190	2,845	345	2.6	4.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,350	2,325	30	1.9	4.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,130	2,080	50	1.8	3.5	0.1
48. Precision production	1,355	1,295	55	1.1	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,205	510	695	1.0	0.9	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	765	275	490	0.6	0.5	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	440	235	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	11,085	2,120	8,970	9.2	3.6	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,150	585	560	1.0	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,745	1,440	8,305	8.1	2.5	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,345	2,960	2,390	4.4	5.0	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,380	645	1,740	2.0	1.1	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	2,090	1,530	565	1.7	2.6	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	825	755	75	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,935	39,215	40,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	29,545	16,485	13,060	37.0	42.0	32.1
Education	2,795	670	2,125	3.5	1.7	5.2
13. Education	2,795	670	2,125	3.5	1.7	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,825	695	1,130	2.3	1.8	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	115	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,665	580	1,085	2.1	1.5	2.7
Humanities	2,195	735	1,465	2.7	1.9	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	35	165	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	610	120	495	0.8	0.3	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	605	200	400	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	100	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	340	180	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,895	1,815	5,075	8.6	4.6	12.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	775	295	485	1.0	0.8	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,425	95	1,335	1.8	0.2	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,270	315	955	1.6	0.8	2.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	210	45	160	0.3	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	1,180	255	925	1.5	0.7	2.3
45. Social sciences	1,975	800	1,180	2.5	2.0	2.9
Business, management and public administration	10,270	4,080	6,185	12.8	10.4	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,080	165	910	1.4	0.4	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,185	3,910	5,275	11.5	10.0	13.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,420	635	785	1.8	1.6	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	580	220	365	0.7	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	140	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	355	240	110	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	25	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,175	1,570	605	2.7	4.0	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,845	1,420	430	2.3	3.6	1.1
25. Library science	90	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	185	105	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,740	7,910	830	10.9	20.2	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	375	260	115	0.5	0.7	0.3
14. Engineering	1,675	1,345	330	2.1	3.4	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,465	2,185	280	3.1	5.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,730	1,705	20	2.2	4.3	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,520	1,475	45	1.9	3.8	0.1
48. Precision production	970	930	40	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	940	395	540	1.2	1.0	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575	215	365	0.7	0.5	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	180	180	0.5	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	8,760	1,760	7,000	11.0	4.5	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	960	515	450	1.2	1.3	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,635	1,185	6,450	9.6	3.0	15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,340	2,445	1,895	5.4	6.2	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,910	525	1,385	2.4	1.3	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,765	1,315	460	2.2	3.4	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	640	590	50	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	79,935	39,215	40,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	29,545	16,485	13,060	37.0	42.0	32.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	50,385	22,725	27,660	63.0	57.9	67.9
Location of study inside Canada	42,940	19,315	23,625	53.7	49.3	58.0
Same as province or territory of residence	40,520	18,125	22,400	50.7	46.2	55.0
Different than province or territory of residence	2,420	1,195	1,225	3.0	3.0	3.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,450	3,410	4,040	9.3	8.7	9.9
Americas	1,725	755	970	2.2	1.9	2.4
United States of America	1,005	450	560	1.3	1.1	1.4
Mexico	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,725	825	905	2.2	2.1	2.2
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Poland	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romania	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	320	155	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	600	305	295	0.8	0.8	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	150	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	380	210	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	130	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	3,445	1,535	1,910	4.3	3.9	4.7
Iran⁸⁸	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lebanon	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	430	185	245	0.5	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	195	75	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	620	175	450	0.8	0.4	1.1
Viet Nam	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,050	555	490	1.3	1.4	1.2
Pakistan	250	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oceania	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	120,690	58,640	62,050	...	...	...
In the labour force	80,170	41,640	38,530	...	...	...
Employed	70,115	37,130	32,985	...	...	...
Unemployed	10,055	4,515	5,540	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	40,520	17,000	23,520	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.4	71.0	62.1	66.4	71.0	62.1
Employment rate	58.1	63.3	53.2	58.1	63.3	53.2
Unemployment rate	12.5	10.8	14.4	12.5	10.8	14.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	120,690	58,640	62,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	41,520	17,655	23,865	34.4	30.1	38.5
Worked	79,170	40,980	38,190	65.6	69.9	61.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	42,325	24,005	18,320	35.1	40.9	29.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	36,845	16,975	19,865	30.5	28.9	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	42.1	40.2	41.2	42.1	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	80,170	41,640	38,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,100	900	1,200	2.6	2.2	3.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	78,070	40,740	37,325	97.4	97.8	96.9
Employee	67,735	34,635	33,105	84.5	83.2	85.9
Permanent position	58,195	29,930	28,260	72.6	71.9	73.3
Temporary position	9,545	4,700	4,845	11.9	11.3	12.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,830	1,260	1,565	3.5	3.0	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,715	3,440	3,275	8.4	8.3	8.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,330	6,105	4,225	12.9	14.7	11.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	80,170	41,640	38,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,100	900	1,200	2.6	2.2	3.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	78,070	40,740	37,325	97.4	97.8	96.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	645	435	205	0.8	1.0	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,595	3,480	8,115	14.5	8.4	21.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,490	4,310	1,180	6.8	10.4	3.1
3 Health occupations	6,690	1,120	5,570	8.3	2.7	14.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,320	3,285	6,035	11.6	7.9	15.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,945	855	1,085	2.4	2.1	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	21,380	9,200	12,180	26.7	22.1	31.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,910	13,720	1,195	18.6	32.9	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,010	755	255	1.3	1.8	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	5,095	3,585	1,510	6.4	8.6	3.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	80,170	41,640	38,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,100	900	1,200	2.6	2.2	3.1
All industries¹⁹¹	78,070	40,740	37,325	97.4	97.8	96.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	415	245	175	0.5	0.6	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	105	15	0.1	0.3	0.0
22 Utilities	670	520	150	0.8	1.2	0.4
23 Construction	7,385	6,530	855	9.2	15.7	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	8,705	6,330	2,375	10.9	15.2	6.2
41 Wholesale trade	2,615	1,880	745	3.3	4.5	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	10,410	4,960	5,450	13.0	11.9	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,975	2,960	1,020	5.0	7.1	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,350	810	540	1.7	1.9	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,345	1,000	1,345	2.9	2.4	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,470	715	755	1.8	1.7	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,950	2,550	2,405	6.2	6.1	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	215	95	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,805	2,180	1,620	4.7	5.2	4.2
61 Educational services	5,365	1,705	3,655	6.7	4.1	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	10,585	1,660	8,930	13.2	4.0	23.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,415	735	675	1.8	1.8	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	4,910	1,945	2,960	6.1	4.7	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,050	1,490	1,555	3.8	3.6	4.0
91 Public administration	4,315	2,340	1,975	5.4	5.6	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	85,160	43,910	41,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	82,460	42,730	39,730	96.8	97.3	96.3
French	260	60	195	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official language	240	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	240	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	1,020	420	600	1.2	1.0	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,125	560	565	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	85,160	43,910	41,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,880	43,790	41,095	99.7	99.7	99.6
Official languages	84,400	43,565	40,830	99.1	99.2	99.0
English	84,015	43,485	40,530	98.7	99.0	98.3
French	375	80	295	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	485	225	265	0.6	0.5	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	480	225	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	255	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	275	120	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	165	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	85,160	43,910	41,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	83,220	43,010	40,210	97.7	98.0	97.5
English	340	125	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
French	750	350	400	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	725	355	370	0.9	0.8	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	705	345	360	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	70,115	37,130	32,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,955	6,525	8,430	21.3	17.6	25.6
Worked outside Canada	190	140	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	10,045	7,760	2,285	14.3	20.9	6.9
Usual place of work	44,925	22,705	22,215	64.1	61.2	67.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	44,920	22,705	22,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,840	11,840	16,010	62.0	52.1	72.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,740	5,180	3,555	19.5	22.8	16.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	8,210	5,595	2,615	18.3	24.6	11.8
Commute to a different province or territory	130	90	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	54,965	30,465	24,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	49,825	27,980	21,840	90.6	91.8	89.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	44,845	25,725	19,120	81.6	84.4	78.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,980	2,260	2,720	9.1	7.4	11.1
Public transit	2,060	950	1,110	3.7	3.1	4.5
Walked	1,780	855	925	3.2	2.8	3.8
Bicycle	280	210	70	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other method	1,025	470	560	1.9	1.5	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	54,965	30,465	24,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,200	8,545	10,660	34.9	28.0	43.5
15 to 29 minutes	14,775	7,445	7,330	26.9	24.4	29.9
30 to 44 minutes	7,390	4,565	2,825	13.4	15.0	11.5
45 to 59 minutes	5,580	3,865	1,715	10.2	12.7	7.0
60 minutes and over	8,025	6,050	1,975	14.6	19.9	8.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	54,965	30,465	24,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	6,035	4,600	1,435	11.0	15.1	5.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,355	5,900	3,455	17.0	19.4	14.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,485	6,695	5,790	22.7	22.0	23.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,355	4,385	5,975	18.8	14.4	24.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,435	2,890	3,550	11.7	9.5	14.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,305	6,000	4,305	18.7	19.7	17.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,780	15,920	14,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,745	1,450	1,295	8.9	9.1	8.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,040	14,470	13,565	91.1	90.9	91.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,855	11,800	11,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,150	1,110	1,040	9.4	9.4	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,245	625	620	5.4	5.3	5.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	905	485	425	4.0	4.1	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,705	10,690	10,010	90.6	90.6	90.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 14, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table