Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Battle River--CrowfootMore information: Alberta [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	110,215	55,460	54,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,780	10,110	9,670	17.9	18.2	17.7
0 to 4 years	5,850	3,045	2,810	5.3	5.5	5.1
5 to 9 years	6,825	3,495	3,330	6.2	6.3	6.1
10 to 14 years	7,105	3,570	3,530	6.4	6.4	6.4
15 to 64 years	66,910	34,015	32,900	60.7	61.3	60.1
15 to 19 years	6,395	3,370	3,030	5.8	6.1	5.5
20 to 24 years	5,260	2,890	2,360	4.8	5.2	4.3
25 to 29 years	5,780	3,000	2,785	5.2	5.4	5.1
30 to 34 years	6,475	3,325	3,150	5.9	6.0	5.8
35 to 39 years	6,810	3,330	3,485	6.2	6.0	6.4
40 to 44 years	6,560	3,305	3,255	6.0	6.0	5.9
45 to 49 years	6,255	3,180	3,080	5.7	5.7	5.6
50 to 54 years	6,585	3,235	3,345	6.0	5.8	6.1
55 to 59 years	8,215	4,075	4,145	7.5	7.3	7.6
60 to 64 years	8,570	4,310	4,270	7.8	7.8	7.8
65 years and over	23,520	11,335	12,180	21.3	20.4	22.2
65 to 69 years	7,475	3,795	3,680	6.8	6.8	6.7
70 to 74 years	5,960	2,945	3,020	5.4	5.3	5.5
75 to 79 years	4,160	2,030	2,130	3.8	3.7	3.9
80 to 84 years	2,880	1,320	1,560	2.6	2.4	2.8
85 years and over	3,045	1,245	1,805	2.8	2.2	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,840	840	1,010	1.7	1.5	1.8
90 to 94 years	940	330	610	0.9	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	225	70	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.9	18.2	17.7	17.9	18.2	17.7
15 to 64 years	60.7	61.3	60.1	60.7	61.3	60.1
65 years and over	21.3	20.4	22.2	21.3	20.4	22.2
85 years and over	2.8	2.2	3.3	2.8	2.2	3.3
Average age of the population	42.7	42.0	43.5	42.7	42.0	43.5
Median age of the population	43.6	42.4	44.4	43.6	42.4	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	34,675	...	...	78.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,555	...	...	3.5	...	...
Row house	1,250	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	485	...	...	1.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,950	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,930	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,830	...	...	29.2	...	...
2 persons	17,355	...	...	39.4	...	...
3 persons	5,220	...	...	11.9	...	...
4 persons	4,965	...	...	11.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,645	...	...	8.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	102,935	51,920	51,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	90,430	45,350	45,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	55,620	27,885	27,730	61.5	61.5	61.5
Married	47,890	24,030	23,865	53.0	53.0	52.9
Living common-law	7,735	3,860	3,870	8.6	8.5	8.6
Living common law - Never married	5,100	2,575	2,520	5.6	5.7	5.6
Living common law - Separated	425	225	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,950	955	995	2.2	2.1	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	260	105	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	34,810	17,465	17,350	38.5	38.5	38.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,960	12,400	8,560	23.2	27.3	19.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,180	1,025	1,150	2.4	2.3	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,640	2,630	3,005	6.2	5.8	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,035	1,405	4,625	6.7	3.1	10.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,160	...	...	57.0	...	...
3 persons	4,930	...	...	16.4	...	...
4 persons	4,805	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,180	...	...	10.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,465	...	...	88.0	...	...
Married couples	22,600	...	...	75.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,025	...	...	33.3	...	...
Without children	12,570	...	...	41.8	...	...
Common-law couples	3,865	...	...	12.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,470	...	...	4.9	...	...
Without children	2,395	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,615	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,710	...	...	9.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	905	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	102,935	51,920	51,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	85,435	42,735	42,700	83.0	82.3	83.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	52,930	26,455	26,475	51.4	51.0	51.9
Parents in one-parent families	3,615	900	2,710	3.5	1.7	5.3
Children⁶	28,895	15,380	13,515	28.1	29.6	26.5
In a two-parent family	23,255	12,325	10,935	22.6	23.7	21.4
In a one-parent family	5,635	3,060	2,580	5.5	5.9	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,500	9,185	8,315	17.0	17.7	16.3
Living alone	12,830	6,570	6,265	12.5	12.7	12.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,640	865	775	1.6	1.7	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	3,035	1,755	1,280	2.9	3.4	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,130	...	...	63.9	...	...
Couple-family households	25,180	...	...	57.2	...	...
With children⁶	10,870	...	...	24.7	...	...
Without children	14,315	...	...	32.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,950	...	...	6.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	535	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	930	...	...	2.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,480	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	12,830	...	...	29.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	84,280	42,370	41,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,225	40,855	40,365	96.4	96.4	96.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	49,600	35,200	41,200	49,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,265	40,875	40,385	96.4	96.5	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,400	32,800	37,600	44,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,900	37,900	36,000	87.7	89.5	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,800	27,000	34,800	44,800	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,425	31,880	28,545	71.7	75.2	68.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	42,800	27,200	34,000	42,800	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,920	35,455	35,465	84.1	83.7	84.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	8,000	11,000	9,700	8,000	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,665	4,165	3,495	9.1	9.8	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	5,880	6,000	6,000	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,245	9,005	9,240	21.6	21.3	22.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	84,285	42,370	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,275	40,945	40,330	96.4	96.6	96.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,650	60,900	42,320	51,650	60,900	42,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,315	40,970	40,340	96.5	96.7	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,920	50,680	37,040	43,920	50,680	37,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,955	38,095	35,860	87.7	89.9	85.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,280	56,100	35,840	46,280	56,100	35,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,425	32,025	28,400	71.7	75.6	67.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,040	52,450	34,560	44,040	52,450	34,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,990	35,545	35,445	84.2	83.9	84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,960	10,030	11,890	10,960	10,030	11,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,460	4,025	3,435	8.9	9.5	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,440	7,190	7,730	7,440	7,190	7,730
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,710	8,560	9,150	21.0	20.2	21.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,760	8,980	8,870	8,760	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	84,285	42,370	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,695	15,980	10,715	31.7	37.7	25.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	67,000	50,400	59,200	67,000	50,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,600	72,700	54,900	65,600	72,700	54,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,335	11,915	13,420	30.1	28.1	32.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	25,200	18,000	20,800	25,200	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,480	37,360	24,400	30,480	37,360	24,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4	85.8	75.2	81.4	85.8	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.4	67.4	57.5	63.4	67.4	57.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.5	14.3	24.7	18.5	14.3	24.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.4	5.8	4.4	3.4	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	3.0	4.8	3.7	3.0	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	84,280	42,370	41,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,060	1,510	1,545	3.6	3.6	3.7
With total income	81,225	40,855	40,365	96.4	96.4	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,660	2,750	3,905	8.2	6.7	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	8,670	3,275	5,395	10.7	8.0	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,665	6,070	7,595	16.8	14.8	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	10,325	4,280	6,040	12.7	10.5	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	9,165	4,135	5,030	11.3	10.1	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	7,375	3,635	3,740	9.1	8.9	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,915	3,325	2,585	7.3	8.1	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,735	2,960	1,775	5.8	7.2	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,465	2,325	1,145	4.3	5.7	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,890	1,880	1,005	3.6	4.6	2.5
$100,000 and over	8,375	6,225	2,145	10.3	15.2	5.3
$100,000 to $149,999	5,960	4,275	1,685	7.3	10.5	4.2
$150,000 and over	2,410	1,955	460	3.0	4.8	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	84,280	42,370	41,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,020	1,495	1,525	3.6	3.5	3.6
With after-tax income	81,260	40,875	40,385	96.4	96.5	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,980	2,860	4,115	8.6	7.0	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	8,970	3,430	5,540	11.0	8.4	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	15,210	6,725	8,485	18.7	16.5	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,115	5,160	6,955	14.9	12.6	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	10,645	5,115	5,530	13.1	12.5	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,205	4,540	3,665	10.1	11.1	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,875	3,710	2,165	7.2	9.1	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,340	2,860	1,480	5.3	7.0	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,965	1,935	1,035	3.6	4.7	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,845	1,295	545	2.3	3.2	1.3
$100,000 and over	4,115	3,250	870	5.1	7.9	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,275	1,770	500	2.8	4.3	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,840	1,475	370	2.3	3.6	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	84,280	42,370	41,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,855	10,485	13,370	28.3	24.7	31.9
With employment income	60,425	31,880	28,545	71.7	75.3	68.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,270	4,520	4,750	15.3	14.2	16.7
$5,000 to $9,999	5,055	2,170	2,885	8.4	6.8	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	7,550	3,405	4,150	12.5	10.7	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,015	2,650	3,360	10.0	8.3	11.8
$30,000 to $39,999	5,610	2,495	3,115	9.3	7.8	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,205	2,365	2,845	8.6	7.4	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,420	2,305	2,115	7.3	7.2	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,790	2,270	1,520	6.3	7.1	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,055	2,050	1,000	5.1	6.4	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,455	1,730	725	4.1	5.4	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,230	1,400	830	3.7	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	5,770	4,525	1,240	9.5	14.2	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,980	2,170	805	4.9	6.8	2.8
$125,000 and over	2,790	2,355	430	4.6	7.4	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	84,280	42,370	41,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,805	40,060	39,750	94.7	94.5	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	52,000	33,600	41,200	52,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,830	40,065	39,765	94.7	94.6	94.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	46,000	31,200	37,600	46,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,215	37,495	35,720	86.9	88.5	85.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	49,600	29,400	38,000	49,600	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,690	32,000	28,690	72.0	75.5	68.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	48,400	29,800	37,200	48,400	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,465	34,255	34,210	81.2	80.8	81.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,320	1,330	7,150	4,320	1,330	7,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,500	2,895	2,600	6.5	6.8	6.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200	5,520	6,900	6,200	5,520	6,900
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	84,285	42,370	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,895	40,070	39,825	94.8	94.6	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,000	63,050	40,880	52,000	63,050	40,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,915	40,085	39,835	94.8	94.6	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,760	51,850	35,680	43,760	51,850	35,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,425	37,550	35,880	87.1	88.6	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,080	60,750	36,880	49,080	60,750	36,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,810	32,090	28,725	72.1	75.7	68.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,320	57,400	36,040	47,320	57,400	36,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,705	34,280	34,425	81.5	80.9	82.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,050	7,190	8,890	8,050	7,190	8,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,495	2,800	2,695	6.5	6.6	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,780	6,890	8,710	7,780	6,890	8,710
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	84,285	42,370	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,595	15,920	10,670	31.6	37.6	25.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	66,500	48,400	58,000	66,500	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,700	73,900	53,400	65,700	73,900	53,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,145	11,285	12,860	28.6	26.6	30.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,800	37,600	23,400	27,800	37,600	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,360	49,000	29,040	38,360	49,000	29,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	90.2	81.2	86.6	90.2	81.2
Employment income (%)	69.2	73.0	63.5	69.2	73.0	63.5
Government transfers (%)	13.3	9.8	18.8	13.3	9.8	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.0	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,100	...	...	81,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,800	...	...	51,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,920	...	...	43,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...	113,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...	96,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	465	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	245	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	565	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,820	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,045	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,405	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,755	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,865	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,765	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,270	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,245	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,105	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,830	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,625	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,600	...	...	37.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,440	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,805	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,290	...	...	9.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,070	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	545	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	430	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	600	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,925	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,250	...	...	5.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,675	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,955	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,150	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,910	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,030	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,830	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,550	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,300	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,905	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,710	...	...	28.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,315	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,255	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,140	...	...	9.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,560	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,865	8,320	7,540	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	42,800	36,000	38,800	42,800	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	38,000	33,600	35,600	38,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,300	...	...	113,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...	96,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,800	...	...	139,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,900	...	...	117,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,910	8,385	7,525	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,040	53,600	46,120	50,040	53,600	46,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,560	45,160	39,680	42,560	45,160	39,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	102,935	51,920	51,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,395	11,520	10,875	21.8	22.2	21.3
0 to 5 years	6,690	3,455	3,240	6.5	6.7	6.4
18 to 64 years	59,740	30,110	29,625	58.0	58.0	58.1
65 years and over	20,800	10,290	10,515	20.2	19.8	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,320	5,465	5,855	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,655	1,325	1,330	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	815	425	390	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,955	2,965	2,995	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,710	1,180	1,530	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.0	10.5	11.5	11.0	10.5	11.5
0 to 17 years (%)	11.8	11.5	12.2	11.8	11.5	12.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.2	12.2	12.1	12.2	12.2	12.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.1	10.0	9.8	10.1
65 years and over (%)	13.0	11.5	14.6	13.0	11.5	14.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	102,935	51,920	51,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,395	11,525	10,875	21.8	22.2	21.3
0 to 5 years	6,690	3,455	3,240	6.5	6.7	6.4
18 to 64 years	59,740	30,110	29,625	58.0	58.0	58.1
65 years and over	20,800	10,290	10,515	20.2	19.8	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,875	1,525	1,350	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	565	275	295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	145	75	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,960	1,070	890	...	...	...
65 years and over	350	190	165	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.9	2.7	2.8	2.9	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.7	2.5	2.4	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.1	2.3	2.2	2.1	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.6	3.0	3.3	3.6	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7	1.8	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	102,935	51,920	51,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,645	26,820	27,825	53.1	51.7	54.5
In bottom decile	9,170	4,630	4,540	8.9	8.9	8.9
In second decile	12,205	5,640	6,560	11.9	10.9	12.9
In third decile	11,400	5,555	5,845	11.1	10.7	11.5
In fourth decile	11,275	5,660	5,615	11.0	10.9	11.0
In fifth decile	10,605	5,340	5,265	10.3	10.3	10.3
In top half of the distribution	48,285	25,095	23,195	46.9	48.3	45.5
In sixth decile	10,540	5,420	5,120	10.2	10.4	10.0
In seventh decile	10,475	5,435	5,040	10.2	10.5	9.9
In eighth decile	9,915	5,155	4,755	9.6	9.9	9.3
In ninth decile	9,390	4,880	4,510	9.1	9.4	8.8
In top decile	7,970	4,205	3,765	7.7	8.1	7.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	102,935	...	...	102,935	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.426	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,070	54,270	53,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	104,855	52,795	52,055	97.0	97.3	96.8
French only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,815	1,290	1,525	2.6	2.4	2.8
Neither English nor French	370	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,070	54,270	53,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,740	53,605	53,135	98.8	98.8	98.8
French	925	470	455	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Neither English nor French	345	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,070	54,270	53,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,300	53,420	52,875	98.4	98.4	98.3
Official languages	96,655	48,790	47,865	89.4	89.9	89.0
English	95,590	48,260	47,330	88.5	88.9	88.0
French	1,060	525	530	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	9,645	4,635	5,015	8.9	8.5	9.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,615	4,620	4,995	8.9	8.5	9.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,660	715	945	1.5	1.3	1.8
Bikol	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cebuano	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,405	595	810	1.3	1.1	1.5
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,995	3,430	3,565	6.5	6.3	6.6
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	645	305	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	645	305	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	375	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,300	2,580	2,725	4.9	4.8	5.1
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,465	2,165	2,300	4.1	4.0	4.3
German	4,430	2,150	2,285	4.1	4.0	4.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	665	325	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	325	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	390	220	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	380	215	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	130	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	605	300	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	500	260	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,770	850	920	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,450	695	750	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,070	54,270	53,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	98,270	49,515	48,755	90.9	91.2	90.6
French	215	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,240	1,565	1,675	3.0	2.9	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,235	1,560	1,675	3.0	2.9	3.1
English and French	440	205	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	5,710	2,775	2,935	5.3	5.1	5.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,070	54,270	53,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,650	53,585	53,060	98.7	98.7	98.6
Official languages	100,860	50,755	50,110	93.3	93.5	93.1
English	100,590	50,615	49,970	93.1	93.3	92.9
French	275	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	5,785	2,835	2,955	5.4	5.2	5.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,780	2,830	2,955	5.3	5.2	5.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	860	420	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	750	370	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,365	2,135	2,235	4.0	3.9	4.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,565	1,700	1,860	3.3	3.1	3.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,375	1,610	1,765	3.1	3.0	3.3
German	3,365	1,605	1,765	3.1	3.0	3.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	275	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	275	150	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	335	185	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	310	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,420	685	735	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and French	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,305	625	680	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,070	54,270	53,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	102,985	51,795	51,190	95.3	95.4	95.2
English	2,360	1,170	1,195	2.2	2.2	2.2
French	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	2,035	985	1,055	1.9	1.8	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,005	975	1,025	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	102,940	51,920	51,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	102,715	51,820	50,895	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	102,695	51,805	50,890	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	2,925	1,310	1,615	2.8	2.5	3.2
Non-official languages	9,110	4,455	4,660	8.8	8.6	9.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,040	4,440	4,605	8.8	8.6	9.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,400	1,045	1,350	2.3	2.0	2.6
Bikol	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,295	985	1,310	2.2	1.9	2.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,110	2,670	2,440	5.0	5.1	4.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	835	445	395	0.8	0.9	0.8
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	830	440	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	260	125	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	520	285	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,785	1,475	1,310	2.7	2.8	2.6
Frisian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,575	865	720	1.5	1.7	1.4
German	1,535	830	705	1.5	1.6	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,015	525	490	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	175	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	390	220	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	340	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	275	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	535	325	210	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	520	315	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	355	210	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	90	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	60	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,165	580	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,020	525	500	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	360	160	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	165	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	180	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	180	55	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	330	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	330	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	102,935	51,920	51,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,430	2,660	2,770	5.3	5.1	5.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,260	2,565	2,690	5.1	4.9	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,625	790	835	1.6	1.5	1.6
Métis	3,570	1,745	1,815	3.5	3.4	3.6
Inuk (Inuit)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	97,505	49,260	48,250	94.7	94.9	94.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	102,935	51,920	51,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,120	565	555	1.1	1.1	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,815	51,360	50,460	98.9	98.9	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,435	...	...	78.2	...	...
Renter	9,580	...	...	21.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,720	...	...	3.9	...	...
Not condominium	42,295	...	...	96.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,795	...	...	6.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,260	...	...	21.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,580	...	...	33.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,225	...	...	39.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,565	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 rooms	7,035	...	...	16.0	...	...
6 rooms	6,405	...	...	14.6	...	...
7 rooms	6,050	...	...	13.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,950	...	...	38.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,595	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,235	...	...	98.2	...	...
Not suitable	775	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,990	...	...	22.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,915	...	...	31.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,530	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,805	...	...	10.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,525	...	...	5.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,395	...	...	7.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,280	...	...	5.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,565	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	40,635	...	...	92.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,380	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,310	...	...	53.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,575	...	...	44.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,125	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,325	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,535	...	...	12.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,015	...	...	15.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,910	...	...	15.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,575	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,865	...	...	17.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,360	...	...	9.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,420	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,545	...	...	81.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,245	...	...	18.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,625	...	...	16.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,405	...	...	23.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,340	...	...	14.4	...	...
Not suitable only	600	...	...	1.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,475	...	...	5.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	815	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,605	...	...	76.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,355	...	...	11.1	...	...
Not in core need	34,815	...	...	88.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,605	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.4	...	...	54.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.0	...	...	14.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,235	...	...	1,235	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	260,000	...	...	260,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	293,200	...	...	293,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,340	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.9	...	...	31.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,064	...	...	1,064	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	102,935	51,920	51,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,400	740	655	1.4	1.4	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,350	720	635	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	740	405	335	0.7	0.8	0.7
Métis single ancestry	595	305	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,360	2,620	2,745	5.2	5.0	5.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,180	2,550	2,630	5.0	4.9	5.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,865	1,465	1,405	2.8	2.8	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,260	1,060	1,205	2.2	2.0	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	180	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	175	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,175	48,560	47,615	93.4	93.5	93.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	102,935	51,920	51,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	99,010	50,025	48,985	96.2	96.4	96.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,535	11,150	10,390	20.9	21.5	20.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	77,470	38,875	38,595	75.3	74.9	75.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,925	1,900	2,030	3.8	3.7	4.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	102,935	51,920	51,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	94,325	47,795	46,530	91.6	92.1	91.2
Immigrants⁸¹	7,955	3,755	4,205	7.7	7.2	8.2
Before 1980	1,870	910	965	1.8	1.8	1.9
1980 to 1990	620	265	350	0.6	0.5	0.7
1991 to 2000	685	360	320	0.7	0.7	0.6
2001 to 2010	1,235	570	665	1.2	1.1	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,555	1,655	1,900	3.5	3.2	3.7
2011 to 2015	1,600	780	825	1.6	1.5	1.6
2016 to 2021	1,955	875	1,080	1.9	1.7	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	655	370	285	0.6	0.7	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,960	3,755	4,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	810	385	425	10.2	10.3	10.1
5 to 14 years	1,715	845	870	21.5	22.5	20.7
15 to 24 years	1,320	620	705	16.6	16.5	16.8
25 to 44 years	3,465	1,605	1,860	43.5	42.7	44.2
45 years and over	650	305	345	8.2	8.1	8.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,960	3,755	4,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,670	760	905	21.0	20.2	21.5
Brazil	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Colombia	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	35	25	15	0.4	0.7	0.4
Guyana	20	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Haiti	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Jamaica	90	50	40	1.1	1.3	1.0
Mexico	350	185	170	4.4	4.9	4.0
Peru	30	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	35	25	15	0.4	0.7	0.4
United States of America	790	325	465	9.9	8.7	11.1
Other places of birth in Americas	245	100	145	3.1	2.7	3.4
Europe	2,420	1,180	1,235	30.4	31.4	29.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Croatia	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	355	175	180	4.5	4.7	4.3
Greece	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Hungary	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	380	200	175	4.8	5.3	4.2
Poland	65	35	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	45	20	20	0.6	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	55	25	30	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	100	45	55	1.3	1.2	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	970	440	530	12.2	11.7	12.6
Other places of birth in Europe	330	165	165	4.1	4.4	3.9
Africa	380	210	170	4.8	5.6	4.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	35	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	205	100	105	2.6	2.7	2.5
Other places of birth in Africa	85	50	40	1.1	1.3	1.0
Asia	3,390	1,555	1,840	42.6	41.4	43.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	160	70	90	2.0	1.9	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	225	110	120	2.8	2.9	2.9
Taiwan	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Philippines	2,310	1,035	1,275	29.0	27.6	30.3
Viet Nam	45	30	15	0.6	0.8	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	330	155	170	4.1	4.1	4.0
Pakistan	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	205	105	100	2.6	2.8	2.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	45	50	1.2	1.2	1.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,955	875	1,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	345	145	195	17.6	16.6	18.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	15	20	1.8	1.7	1.9
Mexico	95	45	50	4.9	5.1	4.6
United States of America	100	35	60	5.1	4.0	5.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	110	50	65	5.6	5.7	6.0
Europe	160	70	95	8.2	8.0	8.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	75	35	35	3.8	4.0	3.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	20	20	2.0	2.3	1.9
Other places of birth in Europe	30	10	20	1.5	1.1	1.9
Africa	85	40	45	4.3	4.6	4.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	35	35	3.6	4.0	3.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Asia	1,350	610	740	69.1	69.7	68.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	135	65	65	6.9	7.4	6.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	85	25	55	4.3	2.9	5.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,045	470	575	53.5	53.7	53.2
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	35	15	20	1.8	1.7	1.9
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	102,935	51,915	51,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,325	4,435	4,890	9.1	8.5	9.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,430	6,700	6,730	13.0	12.9	13.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	80,180	40,785	39,395	77.9	78.6	77.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,090	2,850	3,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,065	1,980	2,080	66.7	69.5	64.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,565	935	625	25.7	32.8	19.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,500	1,045	1,455	41.1	36.7	44.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,745	715	1,030	28.7	25.1	31.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	250	140	110	4.1	4.9	3.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,090	2,850	3,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	85	55	30	1.4	1.9	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,735	835	900	28.5	29.3	27.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	305	180	125	5.0	6.3	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	295	150	150	4.8	5.3	4.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	50	20	30	0.8	0.7	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,620	1,620	2,000	59.4	56.8	61.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	102,935	51,920	51,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,440	3,130	3,310	6.3	6.0	6.5
South Asian	825	450	370	0.8	0.9	0.7
Chinese	430	230	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Black	780	385	390	0.8	0.7	0.8
Filipino	2,835	1,305	1,525	2.8	2.5	3.0
Arab	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	445	195	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Southeast Asian	205	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	275	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	96,495	48,785	47,705	93.7	94.0	93.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	102,935	51,920	51,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,070	8,340	7,730	15.6	16.1	15.2
English	26,865	13,080	13,785	26.1	25.2	27.0
Irish	17,130	8,115	9,015	16.6	15.6	17.7
Scottish	19,875	9,685	10,190	19.3	18.7	20.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,315	4,515	4,805	9.0	8.7	9.4
German	27,710	13,610	14,095	26.9	26.2	27.6
Chinese	550	280	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italian	1,370	730	645	1.3	1.4	1.3
Indian (India)	530	290	235	0.5	0.6	0.5
Ukrainian	9,395	4,665	4,730	9.1	9.0	9.3
Dutch	4,990	2,580	2,405	4.8	5.0	4.7
Polish	4,670	2,290	2,380	4.5	4.4	4.7
Québécois	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,960	1,580	1,385	2.9	3.0	2.7
Filipino	2,760	1,235	1,525	2.7	2.4	3.0
French Canadian	470	245	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,910	910	1,000	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,380	705	670	1.3	1.4	1.3
Métis	3,075	1,450	1,625	3.0	2.8	3.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,670	875	795	1.6	1.7	1.6
Russian	3,105	1,440	1,665	3.0	2.8	3.3
Norwegian	10,520	5,255	5,270	10.2	10.1	10.3
Welsh	2,540	1,135	1,405	2.5	2.2	2.8
Portuguese	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
American	3,015	1,580	1,430	2.9	3.0	2.8
Spanish	545	285	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	5,145	2,555	2,580	5.0	4.9	5.1
Hungarian	1,275	680	595	1.2	1.3	1.2
Acadian	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	140	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jewish	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Punjabi	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	215	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	975	510	465	0.9	1.0	0.9
Korean	325	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	730	310	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
Lebanese	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	210	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,675	1,235	1,440	2.6	2.4	2.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	705	365	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	695	320	385	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belgian	770	380	390	0.7	0.7	0.8
Haitian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	435	240	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mennonite	935	455	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
Swiss	985	485	500	1.0	0.9	1.0
Finnish	560	315	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sri Lankan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,215	615	600	1.2	1.2	1.2
Muslim	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	490	240	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	595	245	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
Syrian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkish	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	170	110	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australian	140	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	35	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	315	175	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	1,255	645	605	1.2	1.2	1.2
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	115	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	95	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	102,935	51,920	51,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian	60,465	28,880	31,580	58.7	55.6	61.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,200	6,600	6,600	12.8	12.7	12.9
Anabaptist	1,200	615	585	1.2	1.2	1.1
Anglican	2,615	1,200	1,415	2.5	2.3	2.8
Baptist	1,665	760	900	1.6	1.5	1.8
Catholic	17,145	8,275	8,870	16.7	15.9	17.4
Christian Orthodox	435	225	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	520	215	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	670	270	405	0.7	0.5	0.8
Lutheran	6,575	3,110	3,460	6.4	6.0	6.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	490	230	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,350	655	690	1.3	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	500	235	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reformed	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	9,495	4,350	5,145	9.2	8.4	10.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,525	2,085	2,435	4.4	4.0	4.8
Hindu	315	185	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Muslim	180	120	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	625	295	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	41,045	22,290	18,765	39.9	42.9	36.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	101,890	51,390	50,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,685	46,440	45,250	90.0	90.4	89.6
Movers	10,200	4,955	5,250	10.0	9.6	10.4
Non-migrants	5,075	2,435	2,640	5.0	4.7	5.2
Migrants	5,130	2,515	2,610	5.0	4.9	5.2
Internal migrants	4,800	2,345	2,455	4.7	4.6	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	3,975	1,950	2,025	3.9	3.8	4.0
Interprovincial migrants	820	395	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	97,395	49,110	48,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,720	32,870	31,850	66.5	66.9	66.0
Movers	32,670	16,235	16,435	33.5	33.1	34.0
Non-migrants	9,995	4,870	5,120	10.3	9.9	10.6
Migrants	22,675	11,365	11,315	23.3	23.1	23.4
Internal migrants	20,870	10,505	10,365	21.4	21.4	21.5
Intraprovincial migrants	17,320	8,700	8,625	17.8	17.7	17.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,550	1,805	1,745	3.6	3.7	3.6
External migrants	1,805	860	945	1.9	1.8	2.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,280	42,365	41,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,225	11,225	7,995	22.8	26.5	19.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,055	31,140	33,915	77.2	73.5	80.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,615	26,310	26,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,220	5,070	3,155	15.6	19.3	12.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,395	21,240	23,155	84.4	80.7	88.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	84,280	42,370	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,230	9,245	6,990	19.3	21.8	16.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,230	13,955	14,270	33.5	32.9	34.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,825	19,170	20,655	47.3	45.2	49.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,480	15,100	14,375	35.0	35.6	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,405	8,210	2,200	12.3	19.4	5.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,695	1,505	1,195	3.2	3.6	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,710	6,705	1,005	9.1	15.8	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,935	6,220	10,720	20.1	14.7	25.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,135	675	1,460	2.5	1.6	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,345	4,060	6,280	12.3	9.6	15.0
Bachelor's degree	8,060	2,890	5,170	9.6	6.8	12.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	545	235	310	0.6	0.6	0.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	320	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	1,215	630	590	1.4	1.5	1.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	210	150	60	0.2	0.4	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	52,615	26,315	26,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,525	3,940	2,585	12.4	15.0	9.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,120	8,600	8,520	32.5	32.7	32.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,965	13,770	15,195	55.1	52.3	57.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,990	10,825	10,165	39.9	41.1	38.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,495	6,020	1,470	14.2	22.9	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,775	1,055	715	3.4	4.0	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,720	4,965	755	10.9	18.9	2.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,120	4,340	7,780	23.0	16.5	29.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,375	465	910	2.6	1.8	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,980	2,950	5,030	15.2	11.2	19.1
Bachelor's degree	6,210	2,070	4,135	11.8	7.9	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	380	160	220	0.7	0.6	0.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	130	145	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	960	480	480	1.8	1.8	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	100	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	84,285	42,370	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,460	23,205	21,260	52.7	54.8	50.7
Education	3,315	745	2,570	3.9	1.8	6.1
13. Education	3,315	745	2,570	3.9	1.8	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	775	280	495	0.9	0.7	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	100	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	655	180	475	0.8	0.4	1.1
Humanities	1,555	720	835	1.8	1.7	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	230	70	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220	85	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	715	375	335	0.8	0.9	0.8
54. History	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,240	555	1,680	2.7	1.3	4.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	205	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	755	45	710	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	375	55	325	0.4	0.1	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	350	80	270	0.4	0.2	0.6
45. Social sciences	500	270	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Business, management and public administration	5,885	1,550	4,340	7.0	3.7	10.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	395	60	335	0.5	0.1	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,470	1,485	3,990	6.5	3.5	9.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	855	440	420	1.0	1.0	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	315	175	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	90	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	160	115	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	130	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	685	375	315	0.8	0.9	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	520	325	200	0.6	0.8	0.5
25. Library science	105	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,005	10,390	615	13.1	24.5	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	685	600	90	0.8	1.4	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,280	2,045	230	2.7	4.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,835	2,760	80	3.4	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,340	3,235	100	4.0	7.6	0.2
48. Precision production	1,760	1,715	45	2.1	4.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,900	1,830	1,065	3.4	4.3	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,440	1,570	865	2.9	3.7	2.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	460	255	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
Health and related fields	7,655	1,080	6,575	9.1	2.5	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	445	190	250	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,130	850	6,280	8.5	2.0	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,945	1,195	1,750	3.5	2.8	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,940	360	1,580	2.3	0.8	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	495	360	140	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	465	440	25	0.6	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	52,615	26,310	26,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,650	12,540	11,105	44.9	47.7	42.2
Education	2,220	420	1,805	4.2	1.6	6.9
13. Education	2,220	420	1,805	4.2	1.6	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	565	185	380	1.1	0.7	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	65	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	485	120	365	0.9	0.5	1.4
Humanities	1,120	490	625	2.1	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	185	45	135	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	50	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	85	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	485	250	235	0.9	1.0	0.9
54. History	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,680	360	1,320	3.2	1.4	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	70	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	560	20	540	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	325	45	280	0.6	0.2	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	245	40	205	0.5	0.2	0.8
45. Social sciences	350	175	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
Business, management and public administration	4,390	1,155	3,230	8.3	4.4	12.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	275	35	240	0.5	0.1	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,105	1,120	2,985	7.8	4.3	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	620	290	320	1.2	1.1	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	125	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	185	60	125	0.4	0.2	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	130	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	560	300	250	1.1	1.1	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	455	270	185	0.9	1.0	0.7
25. Library science	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,080	7,565	515	15.4	28.8	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	535	455	85	1.0	1.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,715	1,520	195	3.3	5.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,085	2,015	75	4.0	7.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,270	2,185	85	4.3	8.3	0.3
48. Precision production	1,405	1,365	40	2.7	5.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,095	1,265	835	4.0	4.8	3.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,725	1,070	655	3.3	4.1	2.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	370	190	180	0.7	0.7	0.7
Health and related fields	5,460	830	4,635	10.4	3.2	17.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	135	200	0.6	0.5	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,065	660	4,405	9.6	2.5	16.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,180	915	1,265	4.1	3.5	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,395	275	1,120	2.7	1.0	4.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	410	290	115	0.8	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	330	310	20	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	52,615	26,310	26,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,650	12,540	11,105	44.9	47.7	42.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	28,970	13,775	15,195	55.1	52.4	57.8
Location of study inside Canada	26,065	12,430	13,635	49.5	47.2	51.8
Same as province or territory of residence	21,865	10,540	11,325	41.6	40.1	43.1
Different than province or territory of residence	4,205	1,895	2,310	8.0	7.2	8.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,900	1,340	1,565	5.5	5.1	6.0
Americas	645	330	315	1.2	1.3	1.2
United States of America	490	270	225	0.9	1.0	0.9
Mexico	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	465	235	235	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	180	120	65	0.3	0.5	0.2
Nigeria	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	115	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,550	640	910	2.9	2.4	3.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,065	405	655	2.0	1.5	2.5
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	250	125	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistan	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Australia	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	84,285	42,370	41,915	...	...	...
In the labour force	55,770	30,120	25,655	...	...	...
Employed	50,680	27,280	23,400	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,090	2,840	2,250	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,510	12,250	16,260	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.2	71.1	61.2	66.2	71.1	61.2
Employment rate	60.1	64.4	55.8	60.1	64.4	55.8
Unemployment rate	9.1	9.4	8.8	9.1	9.4	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	84,285	42,370	41,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,815	12,520	16,300	34.2	29.5	38.9
Worked	55,465	29,845	25,620	65.8	70.4	61.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,165	16,880	11,285	33.4	39.8	26.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,300	12,965	14,335	32.4	30.6	34.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.7	40.7	41.2	41.7	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	55,770	30,120	25,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,150	605	550	2.1	2.0	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,620	29,515	25,105	97.9	98.0	97.9
Employee	41,310	20,995	20,310	74.1	69.7	79.2
Permanent position	33,955	17,630	16,325	60.9	58.5	63.6
Temporary position	7,355	3,365	3,985	13.2	11.2	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,775	685	1,085	3.2	2.3	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,580	2,680	2,900	10.0	8.9	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,305	8,520	4,790	23.9	28.3	18.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	55,770	30,120	25,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,150	605	550	2.1	2.0	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,620	29,515	25,105	97.9	98.0	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	365	235	125	0.7	0.8	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,950	1,405	5,545	12.5	4.7	21.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,745	1,375	370	3.1	4.6	1.4
3 Health occupations	4,490	630	3,860	8.1	2.1	15.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,805	1,570	3,235	8.6	5.2	12.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	855	300	555	1.5	1.0	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	11,795	4,165	7,630	21.1	13.8	29.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,505	10,495	1,005	20.6	34.8	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	9,415	6,985	2,430	16.9	23.2	9.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,700	2,345	355	4.8	7.8	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	55,770	30,120	25,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,150	605	550	2.1	2.0	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	54,620	29,515	25,105	97.9	98.0	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	8,210	5,530	2,675	14.7	18.4	10.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,515	3,125	390	6.3	10.4	1.5
22 Utilities	650	510	140	1.2	1.7	0.5
23 Construction	4,660	4,000	660	8.4	13.3	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	2,235	1,755	480	4.0	5.8	1.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,615	1,245	370	2.9	4.1	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	5,845	2,645	3,200	10.5	8.8	12.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,410	1,750	660	4.3	5.8	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	345	145	200	0.6	0.5	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,320	300	1,020	2.4	1.0	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	435	230	210	0.8	0.8	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,005	850	1,150	3.6	2.8	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,840	1,025	810	3.3	3.4	3.2
61 Educational services	2,995	660	2,340	5.4	2.2	9.1
62 Health care and social assistance	7,000	795	6,205	12.6	2.6	24.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	960	520	445	1.7	1.7	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,705	1,050	1,660	4.9	3.5	6.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,740	1,550	1,195	4.9	5.1	4.7
91 Public administration	3,090	1,835	1,255	5.5	6.1	4.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,820	31,995	27,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	59,130	31,640	27,490	98.8	98.9	98.8
French	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	235	110	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	330	170	150	0.6	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,820	31,995	27,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,770	31,975	27,795	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	59,620	31,895	27,730	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	59,565	31,870	27,695	99.6	99.6	99.5
French	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	150	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	150	80	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,820	31,995	27,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,270	31,700	27,565	99.1	99.1	99.1
English	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French	205	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	240	130	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	235	130	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,680	27,280	23,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,430	5,465	4,970	20.6	20.0	21.2
Worked outside Canada	65	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,050	6,370	1,680	15.9	23.4	7.2
Usual place of work	32,135	15,400	16,735	63.4	56.5	71.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	32,135	15,400	16,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,785	7,550	9,240	52.2	49.0	55.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,385	4,910	5,470	32.3	31.9	32.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,625	2,715	1,905	14.4	17.6	11.4
Commute to a different province or territory	345	230	115	1.1	1.5	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,185	21,770	18,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,690	20,110	16,580	91.3	92.4	90.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,995	19,320	15,675	87.1	88.7	85.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,690	790	900	4.2	3.6	4.9
Public transit	170	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Walked	2,400	1,060	1,345	6.0	4.9	7.3
Bicycle	200	110	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other method	730	390	340	1.8	1.8	1.8
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,185	21,770	18,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,535	10,285	11,245	53.6	47.2	61.1
15 to 29 minutes	8,325	4,700	3,625	20.7	21.6	19.7
30 to 44 minutes	4,815	2,740	2,070	12.0	12.6	11.2
45 to 59 minutes	2,485	1,670	815	6.2	7.7	4.4
60 minutes and over	3,025	2,365	660	7.5	10.9	3.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,185	21,770	18,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,995	2,255	740	7.5	10.4	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,240	5,550	2,685	20.5	25.5	14.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,640	6,745	4,895	29.0	31.0	26.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,805	3,500	5,305	21.9	16.1	28.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,665	1,345	2,315	9.1	6.2	12.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,840	2,370	2,470	12.0	10.9	13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,835	11,740	11,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	820	425	395	3.6	3.6	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,010	11,320	10,695	96.4	96.4	96.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,980	8,710	8,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	635	330	300	3.7	3.8	3.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	230	115	110	1.4	1.3	1.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	405	215	190	2.4	2.5	2.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,350	8,380	7,965	96.3	96.2	96.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 9, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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