Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	BradfordMore information: Ontario [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	38,128	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	30,765^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	23.9	...	...	23.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	12,210	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	11,809	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,368.2	...	...	2,368.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	16.10	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	38,125	18,785	19,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	8,485	4,295	4,190	22.3	22.9	21.7
0 to 4 years	2,820	1,405	1,410	7.4	7.5	7.3
5 to 9 years	2,925	1,505	1,420	7.7	8.0	7.3
10 to 14 years	2,735	1,380	1,360	7.2	7.3	7.0
15 to 64 years	25,160	12,450	12,710	66.0	66.3	65.7
15 to 19 years	2,190	1,090	1,100	5.7	5.8	5.7
20 to 24 years	1,945	1,000	945	5.1	5.3	4.9
25 to 29 years	2,270	1,150	1,115	6.0	6.1	5.8
30 to 34 years	2,915	1,395	1,520	7.6	7.4	7.9
35 to 39 years	3,365	1,665	1,705	8.8	8.9	8.8
40 to 44 years	3,010	1,465	1,545	7.9	7.8	8.0
45 to 49 years	2,630	1,320	1,315	6.9	7.0	6.8
50 to 54 years	2,390	1,220	1,170	6.3	6.5	6.0
55 to 59 years	2,425	1,185	1,240	6.4	6.3	6.4
60 to 64 years	2,020	960	1,060	5.3	5.1	5.5
65 years and over	4,480	2,040	2,440	11.8	10.9	12.6
65 to 69 years	1,510	740	775	4.0	3.9	4.0
70 to 74 years	1,230	585	650	3.2	3.1	3.4
75 to 79 years	750	355	395	2.0	1.9	2.0
80 to 84 years	465	185	285	1.2	1.0	1.5
85 years and over	515	185	335	1.4	1.0	1.7
85 to 89 years	300	110	190	0.8	0.6	1.0
90 to 94 years	160	55	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.3	22.9	21.7	22.3	22.9	21.7
15 to 64 years	66.0	66.3	65.7	66.0	66.3	65.7
65 years and over	11.8	10.9	12.6	11.8	10.9	12.6
85 years and over	1.4	1.0	1.7	1.4	1.0	1.7
Average age of the population	36.9	36.2	37.5	36.9	36.2	37.5
Median age of the population	36.8	36.4	37.2	36.8	36.4	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,470	...	...	71.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	940	...	...	8.0	...	...
Row house	680	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	805	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	625	...	...	5.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	260	...	...	2.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	11,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,565	...	...	13.3	...	...
2 persons	2,925	...	...	24.8	...	...
3 persons	2,350	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	2,900	...	...	24.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,070	...	...	17.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	37,725	18,645	19,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	29,645	14,490	15,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	18,810	9,405	9,410	63.5	64.9	62.1
Married	16,345	8,175	8,175	55.1	56.4	54.0
Living common-law	2,470	1,230	1,235	8.3	8.5	8.2
Living common law - Never married	1,740	880	855	5.9	6.1	5.6
Living common law - Separated	130	70	60	0.4	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	550	265	280	1.9	1.8	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	50	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	10,830	5,085	5,740	36.5	35.1	37.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,460	4,065	3,395	25.2	28.1	22.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	770	285	485	2.6	2.0	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,350	505	850	4.6	3.5	5.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,250	230	1,015	4.2	1.6	6.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,795	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	2,645	...	...	24.7	...	...
4 persons	3,015	...	...	28.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,270	...	...	11.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,200	...	...	85.8	...	...
Married couples	7,965	...	...	74.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,625	...	...	52.5	...	...
Without children	2,340	...	...	21.8	...	...
Common-law couples	1,230	...	...	11.5	...	...
With children⁶	605	...	...	5.6	...	...
Without children	630	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,520	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,210	...	...	11.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	310	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	37,725	18,645	19,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	34,270	17,030	17,235	90.8	91.3	90.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	18,400	9,190	9,210	48.8	49.3	48.3
Parents in one-parent families	1,520	310	1,210	4.0	1.7	6.3
Children⁶	14,350	7,535	6,815	38.0	40.4	35.7
In a two-parent family	11,885	6,175	5,715	31.5	33.1	29.9
In a one-parent family	2,465	1,365	1,105	6.5	7.3	5.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,455	1,610	1,850	9.2	8.6	9.7
Living alone	1,565	740	825	4.1	4.0	4.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,095	420	680	2.9	2.3	3.6
Living with non-relatives only	800	455	345	2.1	2.4	1.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	11,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,320	...	...	70.4	...	...
Couple-family households	7,345	...	...	62.2	...	...
With children⁶	5,120	...	...	43.4	...	...
Without children	2,225	...	...	18.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	975	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	910	...	...	7.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	195	...	...	1.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	560	...	...	4.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	255	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	1,565	...	...	13.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	29,245	14,350	14,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,995	13,745	14,250	95.7	95.8	95.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	51,200	37,600	42,800	51,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,050	13,775	14,275	95.9	96.0	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	34,400	38,800	44,800	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,035	12,735	12,295	85.6	88.7	82.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,400	29,000	38,000	48,400	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,080	11,425	10,660	75.5	79.6	71.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,800	32,400	40,800	50,800	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,475	12,260	13,210	87.1	85.4	88.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	5,600	10,400	8,000	5,600	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,305	1,320	1,980	11.3	9.2	13.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,760	5,920	5,840	5,760	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,795	4,715	5,080	33.5	32.9	34.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	29,155	14,290	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,970	13,780	14,190	95.9	96.4	95.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,500	62,800	44,440	53,500	62,800	44,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,000	13,795	14,205	96.0	96.5	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,760	50,920	38,800	44,760	50,920	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,065	12,810	12,255	86.0	89.6	82.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,040	59,450	38,200	49,040	59,450	38,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,005	11,440	10,555	75.5	80.1	71.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,600	60,450	39,960	50,600	60,450	39,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,595	12,370	13,225	87.8	86.6	89.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,420	8,420	12,290	10,420	8,420	12,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,265	1,295	1,965	11.2	9.1	13.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,190	7,620	7,050	6,190	7,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,575	4,490	5,080	32.8	31.4	34.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,440	9,010	9,830	9,440	9,010	9,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	29,155	14,290	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,725	6,225	4,500	36.8	43.6	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	71,500	58,800	65,000	71,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,900	79,300	64,000	72,900	79,300	64,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,520	3,895	4,630	29.2	27.3	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	23,800	15,400	18,600	23,800	15,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,520	34,880	23,180	28,520	34,880	23,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	88.0	74.2	82.2	88.0	74.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.4	79.8	67.0	74.4	79.8	67.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.8	12.0	25.8	17.8	12.0	25.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	0.9	2.4	1.5	0.9	2.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.8	5.0	9.2	6.8	5.0	9.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.0	4.7	7.9	6.0	4.7	7.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	29,245	14,350	14,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,250	605	640	4.3	4.2	4.3
With total income	27,995	13,740	14,255	95.7	95.7	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,190	870	1,320	7.8	6.3	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,160	1,270	1,890	11.3	9.2	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,275	1,885	2,390	15.3	13.7	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	3,385	1,390	1,990	12.1	10.1	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,125	1,300	1,825	11.2	9.5	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,605	1,235	1,370	9.3	9.0	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,170	1,180	990	7.8	8.6	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,655	935	720	5.9	6.8	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,290	800	490	4.6	5.8	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,030	680	355	3.7	4.9	2.5
$100,000 and over	3,110	2,195	915	11.1	16.0	6.4
$100,000 to $149,999	2,440	1,680	760	8.7	12.2	5.3
$150,000 and over	670	510	155	2.4	3.7	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	29,245	14,350	14,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,195	575	625	4.1	4.0	4.2
With after-tax income	28,045	13,775	14,270	95.9	96.0	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,295	925	1,370	8.2	6.7	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,310	1,335	1,970	11.8	9.7	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,815	2,100	2,710	17.2	15.2	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,060	1,725	2,335	14.5	12.5	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	3,720	1,690	2,030	13.3	12.3	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	2,920	1,565	1,360	10.4	11.4	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,150	1,220	930	7.7	8.9	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,570	1,025	545	5.6	7.4	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,255	765	490	4.5	5.6	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	780	555	230	2.8	4.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	1,165	865	295	4.2	6.3	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	725	525	200	2.6	3.8	1.4
$125,000 and over	435	340	95	1.6	2.5	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	29,245	14,350	14,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	7,165	2,930	4,240	24.5	20.4	28.5
With employment income	22,080	11,420	10,655	75.5	79.6	71.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,555	1,140	1,420	11.6	10.0	13.3
$5,000 to $9,999	1,870	760	1,110	8.5	6.7	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	2,510	1,060	1,455	11.4	9.3	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	1,980	880	1,105	9.0	7.7	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	1,965	895	1,065	8.9	7.8	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,925	890	1,030	8.7	7.8	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,850	975	875	8.4	8.5	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	1,580	900	680	7.2	7.9	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,225	695	530	5.5	6.1	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,095	715	380	5.0	6.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	955	620	335	4.3	5.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	2,570	1,895	675	11.6	16.6	6.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,465	1,020	445	6.6	8.9	4.2
$125,000 and over	1,105	870	235	5.0	7.6	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	29,245	14,350	14,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,515	13,500	14,015	94.1	94.1	94.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	49,600	34,000	40,800	49,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,530	13,500	14,030	94.1	94.1	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,600	31,400	36,800	43,600	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,865	12,670	12,190	85.0	88.3	81.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	31,400	39,600	49,200	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,090	11,465	10,625	75.5	79.9	71.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,800	34,800	42,000	50,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,895	11,485	12,410	81.7	80.0	83.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,900	820	4,880	1,900	820	4,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,530	1,005	1,525	8.7	7.0	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	5,880	6,950	6,360	5,880	6,950
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	29,155	14,290	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,560	13,565	13,995	94.5	94.9	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,480	58,300	40,960	49,480	58,300	40,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,560	13,565	13,995	94.5	94.9	94.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	47,640	35,640	41,560	47,640	35,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,015	12,745	12,270	85.8	89.2	82.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,360	57,700	38,640	48,360	57,700	38,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,150	11,540	10,615	76.0	80.8	71.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,560	58,150	40,240	49,560	58,150	40,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,895	11,520	12,375	82.0	80.6	83.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,460	4,812	7,990	6,460	4,812	7,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,465	1,015	1,450	8.5	7.1	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,120	6,640	9,160	8,120	6,640	9,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	29,155	14,290	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,650	6,200	4,450	36.5	43.4	29.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	68,500	54,400	62,000	68,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,000	76,000	59,100	69,000	76,000	59,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,205	3,805	4,395	28.1	26.6	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	30,200	21,600	25,400	30,200	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,280	40,840	28,600	34,280	40,840	28,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.6	93.0	82.8	88.6	93.0	82.8
Employment income (%)	80.4	84.8	74.6	80.4	84.8	74.6
Government transfers (%)	11.3	7.0	17.3	11.3	7.0	17.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	0.9	2.3	1.5	0.9	2.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	11,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	11,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,800	...	...	126,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	106,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,350	...	...	56,350	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,235	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,400	...	...	134,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,800	...	...	113,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	11,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	70	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	100	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	205	...	...	1.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...	1.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	185	...	...	1.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	235	...	...	2.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	265	...	...	2.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	280	...	...	2.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	605	...	...	5.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	645	...	...	5.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	690	...	...	5.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	690	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	685	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,895	...	...	58.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,745	...	...	14.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,510	...	...	12.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,095	...	...	17.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,540	...	...	13.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	11,810	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	100	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	220	...	...	1.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	230	...	...	1.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	220	...	...	1.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	255	...	...	2.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	320	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	335	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	735	...	...	6.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	810	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	875	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	900	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	885	...	...	7.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,775	...	...	48.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,040	...	...	17.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,595	...	...	13.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,135	...	...	18.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,120	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,230	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,260	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,360	1,190	1,170	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	48,000	39,600	43,200	48,000	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	42,000	36,000	38,400	42,000	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,800	...	...	132,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,300	...	...	112,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,400	...	...	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,600	...	...	148,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,300	...	...	125,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,600	...	...	82,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,400	1,195	1,205	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,600	85,000	46,400	65,600	85,000	46,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,240	60,300	40,300	50,240	60,300	40,300
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	37,730	18,640	19,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,860	4,975	4,885	26.1	26.7	25.6
0 to 5 years	3,380	1,675	1,705	9.0	9.0	8.9
18 to 64 years	23,720	11,735	11,985	62.9	63.0	62.8
65 years and over	4,155	1,935	2,215	11.0	10.4	11.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,335	1,115	1,220	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	770	410	360	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	245	130	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,190	550	635	...	...	...
65 years and over	370	150	215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	6.2	6.0	6.4
0 to 17 years (%)	7.8	8.2	7.4	7.8	8.2	7.4
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2	7.7	6.6	7.2	7.7	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	4.7	5.3	5.0	4.7	5.3
65 years and over (%)	8.9	7.9	9.8	8.9	7.9	9.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	37,725	18,645	19,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	9,865	4,980	4,885	26.1	26.7	25.6
0 to 5 years	3,380	1,675	1,705	9.0	9.0	8.9
18 to 64 years	23,715	11,730	11,980	62.9	62.9	62.8
65 years and over	4,150	1,935	2,220	11.0	10.4	11.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	760	390	365	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	180	90	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	25	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	520	270	255	...	...	...
65 years and over	55	25	30	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.0	2.1	1.9	2.0	2.1	1.9
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.3	1.6	1.0	1.3	1.6	1.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.1
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	37,730	18,640	19,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	15,775	7,625	8,150	41.8	40.9	42.7
In bottom decile	2,000	970	1,030	5.3	5.2	5.4
In second decile	2,770	1,305	1,465	7.3	7.0	7.7
In third decile	3,415	1,630	1,785	9.1	8.7	9.4
In fourth decile	3,555	1,735	1,820	9.4	9.3	9.5
In fifth decile	4,030	1,985	2,045	10.7	10.6	10.7
In top half of the distribution	21,950	11,020	10,935	58.2	59.1	57.3
In sixth decile	4,460	2,190	2,270	11.8	11.7	11.9
In seventh decile	4,715	2,335	2,385	12.5	12.5	12.5
In eighth decile	4,760	2,385	2,370	12.6	12.8	12.4
In ninth decile	4,770	2,445	2,325	12.6	13.1	12.2
In top decile	3,240	1,660	1,580	8.6	8.9	8.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	37,725	...	...	37,725	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.378	...	...	0.378	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.240	...	...	0.240	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	37,830	18,675	19,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	34,830	17,430	17,395	92.1	93.3	90.8
French only	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,765	740	1,020	4.7	4.0	5.3
Neither English nor French	1,210	495	715	3.2	2.7	3.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	37,830	18,675	19,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	36,115	17,970	18,140	95.5	96.2	94.7
French	320	145	175	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and French	205	75	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
Neither English nor French	1,190	490	705	3.1	2.6	3.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	37,830	18,675	19,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,775	17,675	18,100	94.6	94.6	94.5
Official languages	22,955	11,440	11,520	60.7	61.3	60.2
English	22,650	11,305	11,350	59.9	60.5	59.3
French	300	130	170	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official languages	12,815	6,235	6,585	33.9	33.4	34.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,815	6,235	6,580	33.9	33.4	34.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	875	430	440	2.3	2.3	2.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	860	420	440	2.3	2.2	2.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	375	190	185	1.0	1.0	1.0
Aramaic languages	400	190	210	1.1	1.0	1.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	275	125	150	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	110	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	640	275	355	1.7	1.5	1.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	215	95	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
Vietnamese	415	180	240	1.1	1.0	1.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	400	165	230	1.1	0.9	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	315	130	185	0.8	0.7	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	665	305	360	1.8	1.6	1.9
Kannada	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	585	260	325	1.5	1.4	1.7
Telugu	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,815	4,380	4,440	23.3	23.5	23.2
Albanian	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,635	780	860	4.3	4.2	4.5
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	1,620	775	845	4.3	4.1	4.4
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	190	85	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	1,090	525	570	2.9	2.8	3.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	120	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	200	90	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	120	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	2,570	1,290	1,285	6.8	6.9	6.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,585	790	800	4.2	4.2	4.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	190	105	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hindi	105	45	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	345	175	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	850	415	430	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	985	500	485	2.6	2.7	2.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	900	450	450	2.4	2.4	2.3
Dari	405	200	200	1.1	1.1	1.0
Iranian Persian	390	190	200	1.0	1.0	1.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,205	2,125	2,080	11.1	11.4	10.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,005	525	475	2.7	2.8	2.5
Portuguese	1,955	985	970	5.2	5.3	5.1
Romanian	170	85	90	0.4	0.5	0.5
Spanish	1,065	525	540	2.8	2.8	2.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	170	85	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	720	335	385	1.9	1.8	2.0
Chinese languages	720	330	385	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	455	215	240	1.2	1.2	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	235	105	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lao	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	145	75	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	140	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	120	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,055	1,005	1,050	5.4	5.4	5.5
English and French	135	55	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,620	815	805	4.3	4.4	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	240	115	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	37,830	18,675	19,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,940	11,940	11,995	63.3	63.9	62.6
French	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,695	1,750	1,950	9.8	9.4	10.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,695	1,750	1,950	9.8	9.4	10.2
English and French	285	120	170	0.8	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	9,270	4,575	4,695	24.5	24.5	24.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	95	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	370	170	200	1.0	0.9	1.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	37,830	18,675	19,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,620	17,585	18,030	94.2	94.2	94.2
Official languages	28,410	14,130	14,275	75.1	75.7	74.5
English	28,310	14,080	14,225	74.8	75.4	74.3
French	100	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	7,210	3,455	3,755	19.1	18.5	19.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,210	3,455	3,755	19.1	18.5	19.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	465	220	245	1.2	1.2	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	460	215	245	1.2	1.2	1.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	270	130	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	185	85	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	465	205	260	1.2	1.1	1.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	150	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	315	135	180	0.8	0.7	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	155	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	505	220	285	1.3	1.2	1.5
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	470	205	265	1.2	1.1	1.4
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,690	2,275	2,415	12.4	12.2	12.6
Albanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	945	440	505	2.5	2.4	2.6
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	940	435	505	2.5	2.3	2.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	780	365	420	2.1	2.0	2.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,810	905	905	4.8	4.8	4.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,160	580	580	3.1	3.1	3.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	150	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	285	145	140	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	600	305	300	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	650	325	330	1.7	1.7	1.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	600	300	305	1.6	1.6	1.6
Dari	215	110	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
Iranian Persian	300	140	155	0.8	0.7	0.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,860	900	965	4.9	4.8	5.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	270	130	145	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	950	465	485	2.5	2.5	2.5
Romanian	110	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	530	260	270	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	510	240	270	1.3	1.3	1.4
Chinese languages	505	240	265	1.3	1.3	1.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	330	160	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,210	1,095	1,115	5.8	5.9	5.8
English and French	65	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,075	1,035	1,040	5.5	5.5	5.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	37,830	18,680	19,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	29,565	14,630	14,930	78.2	78.3	78.0
English	2,770	1,345	1,430	7.3	7.2	7.5
French	235	105	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	4,335	2,125	2,210	11.5	11.4	11.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,335	2,125	2,210	11.5	11.4	11.5
English and French	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	410	215	195	1.1	1.2	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	385	205	180	1.0	1.1	0.9
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	37,710	18,600	19,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	36,540	18,125	18,415	96.9	97.4	96.4
English	36,520	18,120	18,400	96.8	97.4	96.3
French	1,890	790	1,095	5.0	4.2	5.7
Non-official languages	17,335	8,405	8,925	46.0	45.2	46.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,325	8,405	8,920	45.9	45.2	46.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,195	535	660	3.2	2.9	3.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,195	535	660	3.2	2.9	3.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	670	315	355	1.8	1.7	1.9
Aramaic languages	510	230	280	1.4	1.2	1.5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	360	140	220	1.0	0.8	1.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	140	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	265	105	160	0.7	0.6	0.8
Maltese	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	780	350	425	2.1	1.9	2.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	230	105	125	0.6	0.6	0.7
Vietnamese	550	250	300	1.5	1.3	1.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	530	220	310	1.4	1.2	1.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	510	205	305	1.4	1.1	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,075	505	565	2.9	2.7	3.0
Kannada	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayalam	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	940	440	495	2.5	2.4	2.6
Telugu	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Georgian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,375	6,135	6,245	32.8	33.0	32.7
Albanian	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	2,120	940	1,180	5.6	5.1	6.2
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,115	940	1,175	5.6	5.1	6.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Polish	285	120	165	0.8	0.6	0.9
Russian	1,520	680	840	4.0	3.7	4.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	255	120	135	0.7	0.6	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	375	165	210	1.0	0.9	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	275	130	150	0.7	0.7	0.8
German	275	130	150	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	165	55	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	3,520	1,845	1,680	9.3	9.9	8.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,365	1,230	1,140	6.3	6.6	6.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	245	130	115	0.6	0.7	0.6
Hindi	665	350	320	1.8	1.9	1.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	820	415	400	2.2	2.2	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Urdu	1,185	610	575	3.1	3.3	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,225	640	580	3.2	3.4	3.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	115	75	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian languages	1,060	550	510	2.8	3.0	2.7
Dari	580	275	305	1.5	1.5	1.6
Iranian Persian	415	220	195	1.1	1.2	1.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	95	75	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,415	3,230	3,185	17.0	17.4	16.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,005	990	1,015	5.3	5.3	5.3
Portuguese	2,580	1,360	1,220	6.8	7.3	6.4
Romanian	215	90	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	1,930	975	960	5.1	5.2	5.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	185	105	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Akan (Twi)	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	960	445	510	2.5	2.4	2.7
Chinese languages	940	435	500	2.5	2.3	2.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	685	325	355	1.8	1.7	1.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	315	145	170	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	145	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lao	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	345	185	160	0.9	1.0	0.8
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	295	155	140	0.8	0.8	0.7
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	170	80	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
Estonian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	110	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,710	18,605	19,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	530	270	265	1.4	1.5	1.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	500	255	250	1.3	1.4	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	315	160	155	0.8	0.9	0.8
Métis	185	85	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	37,175	18,335	18,840	98.6	98.5	98.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,710	18,605	19,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	185	105	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	37,520	18,505	19,015	99.5	99.5	99.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	9,795	...	...	83.0	...	...
Renter	2,005	...	...	17.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	380	...	...	3.2	...	...
Not condominium	11,425	...	...	96.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	630	...	...	5.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	805	...	...	6.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,685	...	...	39.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,645	...	...	47.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,575	...	...	13.3	...	...
5 rooms	1,805	...	...	15.3	...	...
6 rooms	2,180	...	...	18.5	...	...
7 rooms	1,895	...	...	16.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,350	...	...	36.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	11,455	...	...	97.0	...	...
More than one person per room	350	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	11,145	...	...	94.4	...	...
Not suitable	660	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	475	...	...	4.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,815	...	...	15.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,705	...	...	14.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,465	...	...	12.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	935	...	...	7.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,320	...	...	11.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,150	...	...	18.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,935	...	...	16.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	11,525	...	...	97.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	280	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,310	...	...	36.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,495	...	...	55.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,005	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	65	...	...	0.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,530	...	...	13.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,110	...	...	26.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,575	...	...	21.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,300	...	...	19.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,415	...	...	12.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	605	...	...	5.1	...	...
85 years and over	205	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	11,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,615	...	...	73.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,180	...	...	27.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,955	...	...	25.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	11,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,870	...	...	32.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,955	...	...	25.0	...	...
Not suitable only	515	...	...	4.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	160	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	120	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,930	...	...	67.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	11,570	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,265	...	...	10.9	...	...
Not in core need	10,300	...	...	89.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,800	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.8	...	...	73.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.5	...	...	25.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,180	...	...	2,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,122	...	...	2,122	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	910,000	...	...	910,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,010	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.2	...	...	34.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.6	...	...	25.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,616	...	...	1,616	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	37,705	18,605	19,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	100	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis single ancestry	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	570	285	285	1.5	1.5	1.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	555	275	280	1.5	1.5	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	440	220	220	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	37,030	18,260	18,770	98.2	98.1	98.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	37,705	18,605	19,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	34,400	16,990	17,415	91.2	91.3	91.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	9,410	4,705	4,700	25.0	25.3	24.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	24,990	12,280	12,710	66.3	66.0	66.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,310	1,615	1,690	8.8	8.7	8.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	37,705	18,605	19,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	24,555	12,170	12,385	65.1	65.4	64.8
Immigrants⁸¹	12,765	6,230	6,535	33.9	33.5	34.2
Before 1980	2,350	1,175	1,175	6.2	6.3	6.2
1980 to 1990	1,730	880	850	4.6	4.7	4.4
1991 to 2000	2,575	1,225	1,350	6.8	6.6	7.1
2001 to 2010	2,895	1,370	1,530	7.7	7.4	8.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,210	1,580	1,635	8.5	8.5	8.6
2011 to 2015	1,780	895	880	4.7	4.8	4.6
2016 to 2021	1,435	685	750	3.8	3.7	3.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	385	200	185	1.0	1.1	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,765	6,230	6,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,015	470	550	8.0	7.5	8.4
5 to 14 years	2,630	1,360	1,270	20.6	21.8	19.4
15 to 24 years	3,050	1,410	1,640	23.9	22.6	25.1
25 to 44 years	5,050	2,515	2,535	39.6	40.4	38.8
45 years and over	1,025	485	540	8.0	7.8	8.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,765	6,230	6,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,640	780	865	12.8	12.5	13.2
Brazil	105	55	45	0.8	0.9	0.7
Colombia	95	35	55	0.7	0.6	0.8
El Salvador	65	35	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
Guyana	170	80	90	1.3	1.3	1.4
Haiti	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Jamaica	160	80	75	1.3	1.3	1.1
Mexico	150	55	95	1.2	0.9	1.5
Peru	50	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	60	35	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
United States of America	140	85	55	1.1	1.4	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	625	285	340	4.9	4.6	5.2
Europe	4,555	2,220	2,335	35.7	35.6	35.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	30	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	140	55	90	1.1	0.9	1.4
Greece	85	35	50	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hungary	85	35	50	0.7	0.6	0.8
Italy	770	410	355	6.0	6.6	5.4
Netherlands	45	30	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
Poland	175	80	95	1.4	1.3	1.5
Portugal	1,430	755	675	11.2	12.1	10.3
Romania	85	50	35	0.7	0.8	0.5
Russian Federation	345	145	200	2.7	2.3	3.1
Serbia⁸⁶	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	360	135	230	2.8	2.2	3.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	390	165	225	3.1	2.6	3.4
Other places of birth in Europe	545	280	270	4.3	4.5	4.1
Africa	350	195	155	2.7	3.1	2.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	130	70	55	1.0	1.1	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	140	80	60	1.1	1.3	0.9
Asia	6,185	3,025	3,165	48.5	48.6	48.4
Afghanistan	450	230	215	3.5	3.7	3.3
Iran⁸⁸	320	180	140	2.5	2.9	2.1
Iraq	495	230	265	3.9	3.7	4.1
Lebanon	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	110	60	50	0.9	1.0	0.8
Turkey	175	85	85	1.4	1.4	1.3
China⁹⁰	450	210	240	3.5	3.4	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	95	45	50	0.7	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	535	225	310	4.2	3.6	4.7
Viet Nam	400	185	220	3.1	3.0	3.4
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	860	450	405	6.7	7.2	6.2
Pakistan	760	390	365	6.0	6.3	5.6
Sri Lanka	585	280	300	4.6	4.5	4.6
Other places of birth in Asia	820	395	425	6.4	6.3	6.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,435	685	750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	185	80	105	12.9	11.7	14.0
Brazil	40	15	20	2.8	2.2	2.7
Colombia	20	10	15	1.4	1.5	2.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	15	25	3.1	2.2	3.3
United States of America	35	25	0	2.4	3.6	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	10	25	2.4	1.5	3.3
Europe	260	105	155	18.1	15.3	20.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Russian Federation	60	20	45	4.2	2.9	6.0
Ukraine	75	20	50	5.2	2.9	6.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	115	60	50	8.0	8.8	6.7
Africa	55	20	35	3.8	2.9	4.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	1.0	1.5	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	10	20	2.1	1.5	2.7
Asia	930	470	460	64.8	68.6	61.3
Afghanistan	20	10	0	1.4	1.5	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	15	2.4	2.2	2.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	180	100	80	12.5	14.6	10.7
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	25	2.4	2.2	3.3
Iraq	65	20	45	4.5	2.9	6.0
Israel	20	10	10	1.4	1.5	1.3
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0	1.0	1.5	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	200	110	95	13.9	16.1	12.7
Philippines	115	65	50	8.0	9.5	6.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	55	15	35	3.8	2.2	4.7
Syria⁸⁹	75	50	25	5.2	7.3	3.3
Turkey	50	15	30	3.5	2.2	4.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	30	25	3.8	4.4	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	37,710	18,600	19,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	13,415	6,550	6,865	35.6	35.2	35.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,895	6,010	5,885	31.5	32.3	30.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,400	6,050	6,350	32.9	32.5	33.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,420	5,060	5,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,885	2,000	1,885	37.3	39.5	35.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,425	910	515	13.7	18.0	9.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,460	1,090	1,370	23.6	21.5	25.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,650	1,525	2,125	35.0	30.1	39.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,660	1,435	1,230	25.5	28.4	23.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	215	105	115	2.1	2.1	2.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,420	5,060	5,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,215	685	530	11.7	13.5	9.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	885	475	415	8.5	9.4	7.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	165	70	90	1.6	1.4	1.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	330	155	175	3.2	3.1	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	30	45	0.7	0.6	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,750	3,645	4,100	74.4	72.0	76.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	37,710	18,605	19,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,630	6,180	6,450	33.5	33.2	33.8
South Asian	3,710	1,820	1,890	9.8	9.8	9.9
Chinese	1,035	500	530	2.7	2.7	2.8
Black	1,220	630	595	3.2	3.4	3.1
Filipino	810	390	420	2.1	2.1	2.2
Arab	440	200	245	1.2	1.1	1.3
Latin American	1,485	700	785	3.9	3.8	4.1
Southeast Asian	1,195	545	645	3.2	2.9	3.4
West Asian	1,690	880	805	4.5	4.7	4.2
Korean	190	105	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Japanese	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	325	145	180	0.9	0.8	0.9
Multiple visible minorities	500	240	260	1.3	1.3	1.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	25,075	12,425	12,650	66.5	66.8	66.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	37,710	18,605	19,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,195	2,185	2,005	11.1	11.7	10.5
English	4,625	2,230	2,395	12.3	12.0	12.5
Irish	3,685	1,780	1,910	9.8	9.6	10.0
Scottish	3,245	1,595	1,645	8.6	8.6	8.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,435	760	675	3.8	4.1	3.5
German	1,615	760	850	4.3	4.1	4.5
Chinese	1,190	575	620	3.2	3.1	3.2
Italian	5,650	2,910	2,745	15.0	15.6	14.4
Indian (India)	1,240	640	600	3.3	3.4	3.1
Ukrainian	950	415	535	2.5	2.2	2.8
Dutch	890	430	460	2.4	2.3	2.4
Polish	1,085	540	540	2.9	2.9	2.8
Québécois	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,085	515	570	2.9	2.8	3.0
Filipino	880	405	470	2.3	2.2	2.5
French Canadian	335	150	190	0.9	0.8	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	520	270	250	1.4	1.5	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	235	100	135	0.6	0.5	0.7
Métis	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	710	340	375	1.9	1.8	2.0
Russian	1,140	505	635	3.0	2.7	3.3
Norwegian	60	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Welsh	300	170	125	0.8	0.9	0.7
Portuguese	3,525	1,865	1,655	9.3	10.0	8.7
American	305	115	195	0.8	0.6	1.0
Spanish	625	315	310	1.7	1.7	1.6
Swedish	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	305	175	135	0.8	0.9	0.7
Acadian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	1,000	520	480	2.7	2.8	2.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	315	170	145	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jewish	340	150	185	0.9	0.8	1.0
Punjabi	300	155	150	0.8	0.8	0.8
Vietnamese	705	310	390	1.9	1.7	2.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	145	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	575	265	310	1.5	1.4	1.6
Jamaican	370	195	175	1.0	1.0	0.9
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	365	185	175	1.0	1.0	0.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	175	95	85	0.5	0.5	0.4
Romanian	180	80	100	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	140	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iranian	275	170	105	0.7	0.9	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	270	140	130	0.7	0.8	0.7
Danish	205	80	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	120	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	195	95	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austrian	135	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belgian	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	280	125	155	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mexican	295	125	165	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	65	0	55	0.2	0.0	0.3
Finnish	90	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sri Lankan	575	270	305	1.5	1.5	1.6
Croatian	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	65	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	165	85	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egyptian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	210	105	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
Tamil	420	200	220	1.1	1.1	1.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	155	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Moroccan	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	150	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	225	110	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afghan	725	360	365	1.9	1.9	1.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	155	55	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ojibway	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Persian	190	85	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Turkish	315	165	150	0.8	0.9	0.8
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazilian	185	90	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigerian	135	60	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Armenian	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovak	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	290	125	165	0.8	0.7	0.9
Salvadorean	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	75	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Peruvian	110	75	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	310	130	185	0.8	0.7	1.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	240	110	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Macedonian	145	80	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Slovenian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	130	75	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mohawk	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	105	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	170	100	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	465	235	230	1.2	1.3	1.2
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	120	75	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Estonian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	120	95	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Fijian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jatt	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	295	145	145	0.8	0.8	0.8
Igbo	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	165	70	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	240	110	135	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sinhalese	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	90	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	37,710	18,605	19,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	885	445	435	2.3	2.4	2.3
Christian	22,540	10,770	11,770	59.8	57.9	61.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,870	1,275	1,590	7.6	6.9	8.3
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	935	405	530	2.5	2.2	2.8
Baptist	445	205	235	1.2	1.1	1.2
Catholic	14,375	7,095	7,275	38.1	38.1	38.1
Christian Orthodox	1,395	585	810	3.7	3.1	4.2
Jehovah's Witness	145	80	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latter Day Saints	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	235	110	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	50	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	350	140	210	0.9	0.8	1.1
Presbyterian	325	165	160	0.9	0.9	0.8
Reformed	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Church	790	375	415	2.1	2.0	2.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	480	250	235	1.3	1.3	1.2
Hindu	1,465	725	735	3.9	3.9	3.8
Jewish	395	195	205	1.0	1.0	1.1
Muslim	2,775	1,390	1,395	7.4	7.5	7.3
Sikh	555	295	260	1.5	1.6	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	110	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	8,985	4,725	4,260	23.8	25.4	22.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	37,235	18,395	18,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	32,660	16,185	16,475	87.7	88.0	87.4
Movers	4,580	2,215	2,360	12.3	12.0	12.5
Non-migrants	1,435	675	760	3.9	3.7	4.0
Migrants	3,140	1,545	1,600	8.4	8.4	8.5
Internal migrants	3,010	1,485	1,520	8.1	8.1	8.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,945	1,465	1,480	7.9	8.0	7.9
Interprovincial migrants	60	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
External migrants	135	55	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	34,855	17,190	17,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	19,420	9,600	9,815	55.7	55.8	55.5
Movers	15,435	7,590	7,850	44.3	44.2	44.4
Non-migrants	3,055	1,470	1,585	8.8	8.6	9.0
Migrants	12,385	6,120	6,265	35.5	35.6	35.5
Internal migrants	11,295	5,625	5,670	32.4	32.7	32.1
Intraprovincial migrants	11,005	5,505	5,500	31.6	32.0	31.1
Interprovincial migrants	295	125	170	0.8	0.7	1.0
External migrants	1,090	495	595	3.1	2.9	3.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,155	14,290	14,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,080	3,095	2,985	20.9	21.7	20.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,075	11,200	11,875	79.1	78.4	79.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,925	10,315	10,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,005	1,660	1,345	14.4	16.1	12.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,915	8,650	9,265	85.6	83.9	87.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	29,155	14,290	14,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,615	2,825	2,795	19.3	19.8	18.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,630	4,475	4,155	29.6	31.3	28.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,910	6,990	7,915	51.1	48.9	53.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,570	4,380	4,190	29.4	30.7	28.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,790	1,315	475	6.1	9.2	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	905	590	320	3.1	4.1	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	885	725	160	3.0	5.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,280	2,865	3,415	21.5	20.0	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	505	205	300	1.7	1.4	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,340	2,610	3,730	21.7	18.3	25.1
Bachelor's degree	4,470	1,765	2,710	15.3	12.4	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	515	235	280	1.8	1.6	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	40	60	0.3	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,185	535	645	4.1	3.7	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	45	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,920	10,310	10,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,690	1,480	1,205	12.9	14.4	11.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,605	2,980	2,620	26.8	28.9	24.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,630	5,845	6,785	60.4	56.7	63.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,080	3,555	3,525	33.8	34.5	33.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,455	1,050	405	7.0	10.2	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	685	435	255	3.3	4.2	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	765	615	145	3.7	6.0	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,235	2,365	2,865	25.0	22.9	27.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	400	140	255	1.9	1.4	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,545	2,290	3,255	26.5	22.2	30.7
Bachelor's degree	3,840	1,540	2,300	18.4	14.9	21.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	455	200	250	2.2	1.9	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	30	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Master's degree	1,095	480	620	5.2	4.7	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	29,155	14,290	14,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,245	7,295	6,945	48.9	51.0	46.7
Education	745	115	625	2.6	0.8	4.2
13. Education	745	115	625	2.6	0.8	4.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	500	210	290	1.7	1.5	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	445	185	260	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	675	210	470	2.3	1.5	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	0	70	0.3	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	180	35	150	0.6	0.2	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	80	110	0.7	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	100	55	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,990	600	1,385	6.8	4.2	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	100	185	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	420	25	390	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	275	65	205	0.9	0.5	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	285	80	205	1.0	0.6	1.4
45. Social sciences	665	315	350	2.3	2.2	2.4
Business, management and public administration	3,240	1,160	2,080	11.1	8.1	14.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	250	15	240	0.9	0.1	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,980	1,140	1,840	10.2	8.0	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	510	240	275	1.7	1.7	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	75	150	0.8	0.5	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	125	60	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	130	85	50	0.4	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	765	545	220	2.6	3.8	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	655	490	165	2.2	3.4	1.1
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	55	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,195	2,900	290	11.0	20.3	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	100	80	20	0.3	0.6	0.1
14. Engineering	745	565	175	2.6	4.0	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	730	645	85	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	740	740	0	2.5	5.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	585	580	0	2.0	4.1	0.0
48. Precision production	300	295	10	1.0	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	265	130	130	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	150	80	70	0.5	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	50	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Health and related fields	1,975	365	1,610	6.8	2.6	10.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250	120	130	0.9	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,705	240	1,465	5.8	1.7	9.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,055	505	550	3.6	3.5	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	605	175	435	2.1	1.2	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	325	220	100	1.1	1.5	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	125	110	20	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,925	10,310	10,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,295	4,465	3,830	39.6	43.3	36.1
Education	620	95	525	3.0	0.9	4.9
13. Education	620	95	525	3.0	0.9	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	425	175	250	2.0	1.7	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	375	155	225	1.8	1.5	2.1
Humanities	555	165	395	2.7	1.6	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	0	65	0.3	0.0	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	155	30	125	0.7	0.3	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	60	85	0.7	0.6	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	75	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,690	500	1,185	8.1	4.8	11.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	85	160	1.2	0.8	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	15	325	1.6	0.1	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	230	50	175	1.1	0.5	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	245	65	185	1.2	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	565	270	300	2.7	2.6	2.8
Business, management and public administration	2,845	1,005	1,840	13.6	9.7	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	220	20	205	1.1	0.2	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,620	990	1,630	12.5	9.6	15.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	410	185	220	2.0	1.8	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	60	115	0.8	0.6	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	100	65	35	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	700	520	180	3.3	5.0	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	605	470	135	2.9	4.6	1.3
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,680	2,415	265	12.8	23.4	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	95	75	20	0.5	0.7	0.2
14. Engineering	660	505	155	3.2	4.9	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	600	525	75	2.9	5.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	615	615	0	2.9	6.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	460	455	0	2.2	4.4	0.0
48. Precision production	250	240	10	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	210	95	115	1.0	0.9	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	120	55	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Health and related fields	1,625	270	1,355	7.8	2.6	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	195	95	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,410	170	1,240	6.7	1.6	11.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	875	425	450	4.2	4.1	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	490	135	355	2.3	1.3	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	280	195	85	1.3	1.9	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	95	10	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,925	10,310	10,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,295	4,465	3,830	39.6	43.3	36.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,625	5,845	6,785	60.3	56.7	63.9
Location of study inside Canada	9,930	4,575	5,355	47.5	44.4	50.5
Same as province or territory of residence	9,520	4,375	5,145	45.5	42.4	48.5
Different than province or territory of residence	410	200	210	2.0	1.9	2.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,700	1,270	1,430	12.9	12.3	13.5
Americas	445	205	240	2.1	2.0	2.3
United States of America	180	95	80	0.9	0.9	0.8
Mexico	60	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Cuba	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Colombia	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	95	35	55	0.5	0.3	0.5
Europe	685	330	355	3.3	3.2	3.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Poland	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	165	85	75	0.8	0.8	0.7
Ukraine	150	65	85	0.7	0.6	0.8
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	115	50	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Africa	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asia	1,460	685	770	7.0	6.6	7.3
Iran⁸⁸	110	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iraq	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Israel	90	55	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	170	95	75	0.8	0.9	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	230	90	145	1.1	0.9	1.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
India	350	175	175	1.7	1.7	1.6
Pakistan	205	95	110	1.0	0.9	1.0
Other locations of study in Asia	125	60	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Oceania	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Australia	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	29,155	14,290	14,865	...	...	...
In the labour force	20,355	10,870	9,480	...	...	...
Employed	18,000	9,850	8,145	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,350	1,020	1,335	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,800	3,420	5,380	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.8	76.1	63.8	69.8	76.1	63.8
Employment rate	61.7	68.9	54.8	61.7	68.9	54.8
Unemployment rate	11.5	9.4	14.1	11.5	9.4	14.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	29,155	14,290	14,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,185	3,760	5,430	31.5	26.3	36.5
Worked	19,965	10,535	9,435	68.5	73.7	63.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,960	6,385	4,570	37.6	44.7	30.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,010	4,145	4,865	30.9	29.0	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	42.7	39.6	41.2	42.7	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,350	10,875	9,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470	210	265	2.3	1.9	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	19,885	10,665	9,215	97.7	98.1	97.2
Employee	16,935	8,740	8,195	83.2	80.4	86.4
Permanent position	14,935	7,785	7,150	73.4	71.6	75.4
Temporary position	2,005	955	1,045	9.9	8.8	11.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	635	290	345	3.1	2.7	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,365	665	700	6.7	6.1	7.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,950	1,920	1,025	14.5	17.7	10.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,350	10,875	9,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470	210	265	2.3	1.9	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	19,885	10,665	9,215	97.7	98.1	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	130	90	45	0.6	0.8	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,340	940	2,400	16.4	8.6	25.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,480	1,175	300	7.3	10.8	3.2
3 Health occupations	1,185	170	1,015	5.8	1.6	10.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,905	540	1,365	9.4	5.0	14.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	540	230	310	2.7	2.1	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	4,990	2,105	2,885	24.5	19.4	30.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,590	4,280	310	22.6	39.4	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	450	370	75	2.2	3.4	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,275	760	510	6.3	7.0	5.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,350	10,875	9,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	470	210	265	2.3	1.9	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	19,885	10,665	9,215	97.7	98.1	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	220	145	80	1.1	1.3	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
22 Utilities	175	125	55	0.9	1.1	0.6
23 Construction	2,775	2,505	265	13.6	23.0	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,390	1,530	855	11.7	14.1	9.0
41 Wholesale trade	685	420	265	3.4	3.9	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	2,540	1,160	1,380	12.5	10.7	14.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,085	790	295	5.3	7.3	3.1
51 Information and cultural industries	385	250	135	1.9	2.3	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	895	365	530	4.4	3.4	5.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	380	165	215	1.9	1.5	2.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,305	700	605	6.4	6.4	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	890	500	385	4.4	4.6	4.1
61 Educational services	1,245	315	925	6.1	2.9	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	1,950	240	1,710	9.6	2.2	18.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	310	135	180	1.5	1.2	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	915	375	540	4.5	3.4	5.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	790	420	370	3.9	3.9	3.9
91 Public administration	880	480	395	4.3	4.4	4.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,380	11,245	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	19,990	10,525	9,460	93.5	93.6	93.4
French	45	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	150	70	75	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	150	70	75	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and French	195	60	130	0.9	0.5	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	955	560	395	4.5	5.0	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,380	11,245	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,150	11,110	10,040	98.9	98.8	99.1
Official languages	20,830	10,945	9,890	97.4	97.3	97.6
English	20,765	10,935	9,830	97.1	97.2	97.0
French	70	10	65	0.3	0.1	0.6
Non-official languages	315	165	150	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	315	165	150	1.5	1.5	1.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	200	100	100	0.9	0.9	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	15	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	55	15	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	75	45	0.5	0.7	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	90	70	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	230	140	90	1.1	1.2	0.9
English and French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	190	125	65	0.9	1.1	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,380	11,245	10,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	20,380	10,740	9,640	95.3	95.5	95.2
English	185	85	100	0.9	0.8	1.0
French	145	45	100	0.7	0.4	1.0
Non-official language	550	320	225	2.6	2.8	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	550	320	225	2.6	2.8	2.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,995	9,855	8,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,820	1,610	2,215	21.2	16.3	27.2
Worked outside Canada	40	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,265	2,690	575	18.1	27.3	7.1
Usual place of work	10,870	5,520	5,350	60.4	56.0	65.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	10,870	5,520	5,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,195	1,255	1,945	29.4	22.7	36.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	820	460	360	7.5	8.3	6.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	6,835	3,790	3,045	62.9	68.7	56.9
Commute to a different province or territory	25	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	14,140	8,215	5,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,220	7,825	5,390	93.5	95.3	91.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,130	7,295	4,835	85.8	88.8	81.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,090	525	560	7.7	6.4	9.5
Public transit	325	115	205	2.3	1.4	3.5
Walked	330	135	195	2.3	1.6	3.3
Bicycle	55	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other method	210	95	115	1.5	1.2	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	14,140	8,215	5,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	3,060	1,310	1,755	21.6	15.9	29.6
15 to 29 minutes	2,945	1,340	1,605	20.8	16.3	27.1
30 to 44 minutes	3,935	2,555	1,385	27.8	31.1	23.4
45 to 59 minutes	2,025	1,480	540	14.3	18.0	9.1
60 minutes and over	2,170	1,530	645	15.3	18.6	10.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	14,140	8,215	5,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,790	1,430	365	12.7	17.4	6.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,815	1,915	905	19.9	23.3	15.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,185	1,780	1,410	22.5	21.7	23.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,450	1,090	1,360	17.3	13.3	23.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,650	670	985	11.7	8.2	16.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,240	1,340	905	15.8	16.3	15.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	10,010	5,045	4,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	665	310	350	6.6	6.1	7.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,345	4,730	4,615	93.4	93.8	93.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,990	3,540	3,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	490	220	270	7.0	6.2	7.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	285	120	165	4.1	3.4	4.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	200	95	105	2.9	2.7	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,505	3,320	3,180	93.1	93.8	92.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 14, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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