Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Brooks, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	14,924	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	14,451	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	5,489	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	5,140	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	819.8	...	...	819.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	18.21	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	14,925	7,705	7,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,410	1,790	1,625	22.8	23.2	22.5
0 to 4 years	1,025	540	485	6.9	7.0	6.7
5 to 9 years	1,185	650	535	7.9	8.4	7.4
10 to 14 years	1,210	595	610	8.1	7.7	8.5
15 to 64 years	9,835	5,165	4,670	65.9	67.0	64.7
15 to 19 years	1,085	520	565	7.3	6.7	7.8
20 to 24 years	915	495	415	6.1	6.4	5.8
25 to 29 years	850	445	410	5.7	5.8	5.7
30 to 34 years	1,005	525	485	6.7	6.8	6.7
35 to 39 years	1,265	680	590	8.5	8.8	8.2
40 to 44 years	1,300	680	620	8.7	8.8	8.6
45 to 49 years	1,105	590	515	7.4	7.7	7.1
50 to 54 years	870	490	375	5.8	6.4	5.2
55 to 59 years	765	390	380	5.1	5.1	5.3
60 to 64 years	680	360	320	4.6	4.7	4.4
65 years and over	1,670	755	925	11.2	9.8	12.8
65 to 69 years	545	265	285	3.7	3.4	4.0
70 to 74 years	395	180	210	2.6	2.3	2.9
75 to 79 years	290	135	155	1.9	1.8	2.1
80 to 84 years	185	85	105	1.2	1.1	1.5
85 years and over	255	85	175	1.7	1.1	2.4
85 to 89 years	130	40	85	0.9	0.5	1.2
90 to 94 years	90	35	55	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	35	5	30	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22.8	23.2	22.5	22.8	23.2	22.5
15 to 64 years	65.9	67.0	64.7	65.9	67.0	64.7
65 years and over	11.2	9.8	12.8	11.2	9.8	12.8
85 years and over	1.7	1.1	2.4	1.7	1.1	2.4
Average age of the population	35.9	35.2	36.5	35.9	35.2	36.5
Median age of the population	36.0	35.6	36.0	36.0	35.6	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	2,800	...	...	54.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	400	...	...	7.8	...	...
Row house	565	...	...	11.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	185	...	...	3.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	795	...	...	15.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	395	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,135	...	...	22.1	...	...
2 persons	1,555	...	...	30.3	...	...
3 persons	820	...	...	16.0	...	...
4 persons	825	...	...	16.1	...	...
5 or more persons	800	...	...	15.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	14,645	7,605	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	11,510	5,920	5,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	6,630	3,445	3,180	57.6	58.2	56.8
Married	5,655	2,960	2,700	49.1	50.0	48.3
Living common-law	970	490	485	8.4	8.3	8.7
Living common law - Never married	700	360	340	6.1	6.1	6.1
Living common law - Separated	65	30	40	0.6	0.5	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	175	85	95	1.5	1.4	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	4,885	2,475	2,410	42.4	41.8	43.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,395	1,970	1,425	29.5	33.3	25.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	335	145	195	2.9	2.4	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	625	265	360	5.4	4.5	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	525	95	425	4.6	1.6	7.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,765	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	1,595	...	...	42.4	...	...
3 persons	780	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	785	...	...	20.8	...	...
5 or more persons	605	...	...	16.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	3,050	...	...	81.1	...	...
Married couples	2,565	...	...	68.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,580	...	...	42.0	...	...
Without children	980	...	...	26.1	...	...
Common-law couples	485	...	...	12.9	...	...
With children⁶	250	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	240	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	715	...	...	19.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	565	...	...	15.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	150	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	14,640	7,610	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	12,080	6,015	6,070	82.5	79.0	86.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	6,100	3,055	3,045	41.7	40.1	43.3
Parents in one-parent families	715	150	570	4.9	2.0	8.1
Children⁶	5,265	2,810	2,460	36.0	36.9	35.0
In a two-parent family	3,985	2,105	1,880	27.2	27.7	26.7
In a one-parent family	1,285	705	575	8.8	9.3	8.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,565	1,595	970	17.5	21.0	13.8
Living alone	1,135	590	545	7.8	7.8	7.7
Living with other relatives⁷	415	230	185	2.8	3.0	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,015	780	235	6.9	10.2	3.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	3,175	...	...	61.8	...	...
Couple-family households	2,645	...	...	51.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,585	...	...	30.8	...	...
Without children	1,060	...	...	20.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	535	...	...	10.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	130	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	285	...	...	5.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	365	...	...	7.1	...	...
One-person households	1,135	...	...	22.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	11,230	5,820	5,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,510	5,470	5,040	93.6	94.0	93.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	52,400	38,000	46,000	52,400	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,515	5,475	5,040	93.6	94.1	93.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	46,000	35,200	41,200	46,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,455	5,075	4,380	84.2	87.2	81.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,800	29,800	40,800	48,800	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,400	4,620	3,780	74.8	79.4	69.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,200	32,000	42,400	49,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,400	4,845	4,555	83.7	83.2	84.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,950	5,120	10,300	7,950	5,120	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,345	730	615	12.0	12.5	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,480	5,920	5,680	5,480	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,900	2,115	1,785	34.7	36.3	33.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	11,230	5,820	5,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,490	5,440	5,055	93.4	93.5	93.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,680	58,050	42,760	50,680	58,050	42,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,490	5,440	5,055	93.4	93.5	93.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,680	48,920	38,040	43,680	48,920	38,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,460	5,065	4,395	84.2	87.0	81.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,400	53,700	35,840	45,400	53,700	35,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,400	4,610	3,790	74.8	79.2	70.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	51,120	36,000	44,280	51,120	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,470	4,905	4,570	84.3	84.3	84.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	8,940	12,790	10,800	8,940	12,790
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,365	760	605	12.2	13.1	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	6,900	8,280	7,500	6,900	8,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,940	2,100	1,840	35.1	36.1	34.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,340	7,390	7,290	7,340	7,390	7,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	11,235	5,820	5,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,075	2,495	1,580	36.3	42.9	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	54,400	49,600	52,400	54,400	49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,400	62,350	54,700	59,400	62,350	54,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,130	1,525	1,610	27.9	26.2	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	33,200	21,200	26,200	33,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,800	41,280	24,800	32,800	41,280	24,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	86.2	73.0	80.8	86.2	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.0	74.6	63.2	70.0	74.6	63.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	13.9	27.1	19.2	13.9	27.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.3	1.9	1.7	2.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.3	7.4	6.2	5.3	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5	4.9	6.2	5.5	4.9	6.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	11,230	5,820	5,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	725	350	370	6.5	6.0	6.8
With total income	10,510	5,470	5,040	93.6	94.0	93.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	915	395	525	8.7	7.2	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	915	335	575	8.7	6.1	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,395	560	830	13.3	10.2	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	1,290	560	725	12.3	10.2	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,315	630	685	12.5	11.5	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	1,760	1,070	690	16.7	19.6	13.7
$60,000 to $69,999	900	520	380	8.6	9.5	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	555	340	220	5.3	6.2	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	375	255	115	3.6	4.7	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	360	235	125	3.4	4.3	2.5
$100,000 and over	735	570	165	7.0	10.4	3.3
$100,000 to $149,999	565	425	135	5.4	7.8	2.7
$150,000 and over	175	145	30	1.7	2.7	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	11,230	5,820	5,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	720	350	370	6.4	6.0	6.8
With after-tax income	10,510	5,470	5,040	93.6	94.0	93.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	950	405	540	9.0	7.4	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	935	345	590	8.9	6.3	11.7
$20,000 to $29,999	1,600	655	945	15.2	12.0	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	1,560	715	845	14.8	13.1	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	2,070	1,165	905	19.7	21.3	18.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,370	835	540	13.0	15.3	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	720	430	290	6.9	7.9	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	505	330	175	4.8	6.0	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	325	210	110	3.1	3.8	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	165	130	40	1.6	2.4	0.8
$100,000 and over	315	255	65	3.0	4.7	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	190	150	45	1.8	2.7	0.9
$125,000 and over	130	105	20	1.2	1.9	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	11,230	5,820	5,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	2,830	1,200	1,630	25.2	20.6	30.1
With employment income	8,400	4,620	3,780	74.8	79.4	69.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	810	370	445	9.6	8.0	11.8
$5,000 to $9,999	645	255	385	7.7	5.5	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	910	355	560	10.8	7.7	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	795	370	430	9.5	8.0	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	815	380	435	9.7	8.2	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	1,210	640	570	14.4	13.9	15.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,220	810	405	14.5	17.5	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	510	355	160	6.1	7.7	4.2
$70,000 to $79,999	340	235	110	4.0	5.1	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	325	235	95	3.9	5.1	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	265	180	80	3.2	3.9	2.1
$100,000 and over	540	425	110	6.4	9.2	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	325	240	80	3.9	5.2	2.1
$125,000 and over	215	180	35	2.6	3.9	0.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	11,230	5,820	5,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,160	5,290	4,865	90.5	90.9	89.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,000	35,600	44,800	50,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,160	5,290	4,865	90.5	90.9	89.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	33,200	40,000	44,400	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,090	4,905	4,185	80.9	84.3	77.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	49,200	33,200	44,000	49,200	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,105	4,480	3,625	72.2	77.0	67.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	49,600	34,400	45,200	49,600	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,870	4,550	4,325	79.0	78.2	79.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,920	990	5,840	1,920	990	5,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	870	400	470	7.7	6.9	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	5,120	7,000	6,120	5,120	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	11,230	5,820	5,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,230	5,330	4,900	91.1	91.6	90.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,000	57,200	40,080	49,000	57,200	40,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,230	5,330	4,900	91.1	91.6	90.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,960	35,480	42,000	47,960	35,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,190	4,975	4,215	81.8	85.5	77.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640	56,550	37,160	47,640	56,550	37,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,210	4,565	3,645	73.1	78.4	67.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	55,400	37,840	47,600	55,400	37,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,935	4,605	4,330	79.6	79.1	80.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,080	5,104	9,190	7,080	5,104	9,190
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	900	395	500	8.0	6.8	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,720	7,040	8,280	7,720	7,040	8,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	11,235	5,820	5,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,940	2,415	1,520	35.1	41.5	28.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	52,400	46,400	49,200	52,400	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,200	63,000	53,100	59,200	63,000	53,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,985	1,495	1,490	26.6	25.7	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,000	46,000	28,200	34,000	46,000	28,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,960	52,050	29,880	40,960	52,050	29,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	92.2	79.8	87.4	92.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	78.0	83.0	70.2	78.0	83.0	70.2
Government transfers (%)	12.6	7.7	20.3	12.6	7.7	20.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	0.9	2.1	1.4	0.9	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	5,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...	46,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	5,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,100	...	...	53,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...	117,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...	101,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	120	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	150	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	130	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	165	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	170	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	165	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	415	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	355	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	365	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	360	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	350	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,250	...	...	43.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	780	...	...	15.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	535	...	...	10.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	600	...	...	11.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	345	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	40	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	130	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	180	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	155	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	190	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	205	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	205	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	440	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	445	...	...	8.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	460	...	...	8.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	440	...	...	8.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	400	...	...	7.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,740	...	...	33.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	720	...	...	14.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	480	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	530	...	...	10.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,150	1,370	780	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	50,000	38,000	46,400	50,000	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	44,400	35,200	41,200	44,400	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,700	...	...	97,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,600	...	...	110,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,200	...	...	130,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,600	...	...	111,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	650	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...	68,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,165	1,385	780	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,760	50,720	48,100	49,760	50,720	48,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,240	44,040	41,800	43,240	44,040	41,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	14,645	7,605	7,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,110	2,120	1,990	28.1	27.9	28.3
0 to 5 years	1,260	675	585	8.6	8.9	8.3
18 to 64 years	9,100	4,805	4,300	62.1	63.2	61.1
65 years and over	1,430	680	755	9.8	8.9	10.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,285	595	685	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	475	240	240	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	95	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	650	310	345	...	...	...
65 years and over	165	50	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.8	7.8	9.8	8.8	7.8	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.2	11.9	11.5	11.2	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	14.8	14.0	15.6	14.8	14.0	15.6
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1	6.4	8.0	7.1	6.4	8.0
65 years and over (%)	11.5	8.0	14.6	11.5	8.0	14.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	14,640	7,610	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,110	2,125	1,985	28.1	27.9	28.2
0 to 5 years	1,260	675	580	8.6	8.9	8.2
18 to 64 years	9,105	4,805	4,295	62.2	63.1	61.1
65 years and over	1,435	680	750	9.8	8.9	10.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	400	225	180	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	85	40	45	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	35	20	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	290	180	110	...	...	...
65 years and over	25	5	20	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	3.0	2.5	2.8	3.0	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.0	2.3	2.1	2.0	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	3.0	2.4	2.8	3.0	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.8	2.6	3.2	3.8	2.6
65 years and over (%)	1.7	0.8	2.4	1.7	0.8	2.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	14,645	7,605	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	8,465	4,320	4,140	57.8	56.8	58.8
In bottom decile	1,170	605	570	8.0	8.0	8.1
In second decile	1,655	775	880	11.3	10.2	12.5
In third decile	1,785	895	895	12.2	11.8	12.7
In fourth decile	1,900	995	905	13.0	13.1	12.9
In fifth decile	1,945	1,050	895	13.3	13.8	12.7
In top half of the distribution	6,180	3,280	2,895	42.2	43.1	41.2
In sixth decile	1,645	860	785	11.2	11.3	11.2
In seventh decile	1,525	795	735	10.4	10.5	10.4
In eighth decile	1,330	740	590	9.1	9.7	8.4
In ninth decile	1,075	565	515	7.3	7.4	7.3
In top decile	600	330	270	4.1	4.3	3.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	14,640	...	...	14,640	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.378	...	...	0.378	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.247	...	...	0.247	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	14,830	7,675	7,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	13,890	7,195	6,695	93.7	93.7	93.6
French only	50	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	450	240	215	3.0	3.1	3.0
Neither English nor French	435	210	225	2.9	2.7	3.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	14,830	7,675	7,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	14,095	7,290	6,805	95.0	95.0	95.1
French	240	140	100	1.6	1.8	1.4
English and French	70	45	25	0.5	0.6	0.3
Neither English nor French	425	205	220	2.9	2.7	3.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	14,830	7,675	7,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	14,080	7,280	6,805	94.9	94.9	95.1
Official languages	9,180	4,680	4,495	61.9	61.0	62.8
English	9,000	4,580	4,425	60.7	59.7	61.8
French	180	105	75	1.2	1.4	1.0
Non-official languages	4,900	2,590	2,310	33.0	33.7	32.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,895	2,590	2,305	33.0	33.7	32.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,825	995	825	12.3	13.0	11.5
Berber languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,095	585	515	7.4	7.6	7.2
Bilen	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Oromo	415	230	185	2.8	3.0	2.6
Somali	670	350	325	4.5	4.6	4.5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	715	405	315	4.8	5.3	4.4
Amharic	140	80	60	0.9	1.0	0.8
Arabic	210	130	85	1.4	1.7	1.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	345	185	155	2.3	2.4	2.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	45	55	0.6	0.6	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
Vietnamese	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,280	665	615	8.6	8.7	8.6
Bikol	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Cebuano	95	45	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	80	45	40	0.5	0.6	0.6
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	905	460	445	6.1	6.0	6.2
Waray-Waray	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,130	625	500	7.6	8.1	7.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	40	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Russian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	95	85	1.2	1.2	1.2
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
High German languages	115	65	50	0.8	0.8	0.7
German	115	65	50	0.8	0.8	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	25	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	170	95	75	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	155	80	70	1.0	1.0	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	25	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	705	395	310	4.8	5.1	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	635	355	285	4.3	4.6	4.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	65	65	0.9	0.8	0.9
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	40	55	0.7	0.5	0.8
Dinka	60	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Nuer	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	235	105	130	1.6	1.4	1.8
Chinese languages	230	105	125	1.6	1.4	1.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	195	90	105	1.3	1.2	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lao	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	750	400	350	5.1	5.2	4.9
English and French	40	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	575	310	260	3.9	4.0	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	85	40	40	0.6	0.5	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	14,830	7,675	7,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,395	4,770	4,625	63.4	62.1	64.6
French	95	55	45	0.6	0.7	0.6
Non-official language	1,905	1,055	850	12.8	13.7	11.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,905	1,055	850	12.8	13.7	11.9
English and French	80	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	3,015	1,575	1,440	20.3	20.5	20.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	40	0.6	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	220	125	95	1.5	1.6	1.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	14,830	7,675	7,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	14,100	7,325	6,775	95.1	95.4	94.7
Official languages	10,420	5,320	5,100	70.3	69.3	71.3
English	10,280	5,235	5,045	69.3	68.2	70.5
French	140	80	60	0.9	1.0	0.8
Non-official languages	3,685	2,005	1,675	24.8	26.1	23.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,680	2,010	1,675	24.8	26.2	23.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,525	830	700	10.3	10.8	9.8
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	925	490	435	6.2	6.4	6.1
Bilen	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oromo	350	195	160	2.4	2.5	2.2
Somali	565	295	275	3.8	3.8	3.8
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	595	335	260	4.0	4.4	3.6
Amharic	100	55	45	0.7	0.7	0.6
Arabic	160	95	65	1.1	1.2	0.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	315	175	145	2.1	2.3	2.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	930	520	405	6.3	6.8	5.7
Bikol	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Cebuano	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	665	375	290	4.5	4.9	4.1
Waray-Waray	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	780	445	335	5.3	5.8	4.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	125	70	55	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	105	55	50	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	345	250	4.0	4.5	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	550	315	230	3.7	4.1	3.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	55	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dinka	35	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.3
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	80	95	1.2	1.0	1.3
Chinese languages	180	80	95	1.2	1.0	1.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	70	80	1.0	0.9	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	730	350	380	4.9	4.6	5.3
English and French	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	650	305	350	4.4	4.0	4.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	14,830	7,675	7,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	11,990	6,160	5,830	80.8	80.3	81.5
English	1,350	715	630	9.1	9.3	8.8
French	65	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official language	1,025	550	480	6.9	7.2	6.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,025	545	475	6.9	7.1	6.6
English and French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	235	135	100	1.6	1.8	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	65	60	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	14,645	7,605	7,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	14,215	7,400	6,815	97.1	97.3	96.8
English	14,175	7,375	6,805	96.8	97.0	96.7
French	540	285	260	3.7	3.7	3.7
Non-official languages	6,205	3,260	2,945	42.4	42.9	41.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,200	3,260	2,940	42.3	42.9	41.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,405	1,240	1,165	16.4	16.3	16.5
Berber languages	55	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kabyle	55	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	1,320	635	680	9.0	8.3	9.7
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	385	190	190	2.6	2.5	2.7
Somali	935	440	490	6.4	5.8	7.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,235	685	550	8.4	9.0	7.8
Amharic	275	140	130	1.9	1.8	1.8
Arabic	575	340	235	3.9	4.5	3.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	465	255	210	3.2	3.4	3.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	195	95	100	1.3	1.2	1.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	140	80	65	1.0	1.1	0.9
Vietnamese	50	20	35	0.3	0.3	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,655	895	760	11.3	11.8	10.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Cebuano	140	70	70	1.0	0.9	1.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	10	25	0.3	0.1	0.4
Ilocano	75	45	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,540	835	705	10.5	11.0	10.0
Waray-Waray	40	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	115	50	60	0.8	0.7	0.9
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,235	680	555	8.4	8.9	7.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	45	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	45	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	110	110	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	150	80	75	1.0	1.1	1.1
German	150	80	75	1.0	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	35	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	110	65	1.2	1.4	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	155	95	60	1.1	1.2	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	40	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	760	420	340	5.2	5.5	4.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romanian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Spanish	710	380	330	4.8	5.0	4.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	295	140	155	2.0	1.8	2.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	80	50	30	0.5	0.7	0.4
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	115	60	55	0.8	0.8	0.8
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	20	55	0.5	0.3	0.8
Nilo-Saharan languages	160	90	70	1.1	1.2	1.0
Dinka	70	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nuer	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	290	140	145	2.0	1.8	2.1
Chinese languages	290	140	145	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	250	135	115	1.7	1.8	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	40	40	0.5	0.5	0.6
Lao	55	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Thai	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	14,640	7,610	7,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	345	160	185	2.4	2.1	2.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	335	155	175	2.3	2.0	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	140	60	80	1.0	0.8	1.1
Métis	195	95	100	1.3	1.2	1.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	14,295	7,450	6,850	97.6	97.9	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	14,640	7,610	7,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	85	40	40	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	14,560	7,565	6,995	99.5	99.4	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	3,330	...	...	64.8	...	...
Renter	1,810	...	...	35.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	525	...	...	10.2	...	...
Not condominium	4,615	...	...	89.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	375	...	...	7.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,155	...	...	22.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,610	...	...	31.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,985	...	...	38.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,375	...	...	26.8	...	...
5 rooms	980	...	...	19.1	...	...
6 rooms	670	...	...	13.0	...	...
7 rooms	705	...	...	13.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,415	...	...	27.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,835	...	...	94.1	...	...
More than one person per room	305	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	4,695	...	...	91.3	...	...
Not suitable	445	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	430	...	...	8.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,010	...	...	39.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	625	...	...	12.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	910	...	...	17.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	415	...	...	8.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	460	...	...	8.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	185	...	...	3.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	105	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,830	...	...	94.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	310	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,475	...	...	48.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,285	...	...	44.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	380	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	155	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	835	...	...	16.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,305	...	...	25.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,090	...	...	21.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	840	...	...	16.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	565	...	...	11.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	290	...	...	5.6	...	...
85 years and over	65	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	5,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	4,320	...	...	84.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	775	...	...	15.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	735	...	...	14.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	5,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,380	...	...	26.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	655	...	...	12.7	...	...
Not suitable only	350	...	...	6.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	215	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	3,760	...	...	73.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	5,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	300	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not in core need	4,755	...	...	94.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,325	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.6	...	...	65.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,336	...	...	1,336	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	266,000	...	...	266,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	269,600	...	...	269,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.7	...	...	15.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.6	...	...	21.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,074	...	...	1,074	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	14,645	7,605	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	130	55	75	0.9	0.7	1.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	125	55	70	0.9	0.7	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	90	45	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Métis single ancestry	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	375	185	190	2.6	2.4	2.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	360	180	175	2.5	2.4	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	80	70	1.0	1.1	1.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	105	110	1.4	1.4	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,135	7,365	6,775	96.5	96.8	96.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	14,645	7,605	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	11,410	5,960	5,450	77.9	78.4	77.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,350	1,805	1,540	22.9	23.7	21.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	8,065	4,150	3,910	55.1	54.6	55.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,235	1,650	1,590	22.1	21.7	22.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	14,645	7,605	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,860	4,535	4,325	60.5	59.6	61.5
Immigrants⁸¹	5,435	2,790	2,645	37.1	36.7	37.6
Before 1980	190	85	105	1.3	1.1	1.5
1980 to 1990	190	110	75	1.3	1.4	1.1
1991 to 2000	330	210	125	2.3	2.8	1.8
2001 to 2010	1,065	550	515	7.3	7.2	7.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,660	1,835	1,825	25.0	24.1	25.9
2011 to 2015	1,810	930	880	12.4	12.2	12.5
2016 to 2021	1,850	910	940	12.6	12.0	13.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	350	280	70	2.4	3.7	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,435	2,785	2,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	475	225	250	8.7	8.1	9.5
5 to 14 years	1,220	675	545	22.4	24.2	20.6
15 to 24 years	850	380	470	15.6	13.6	17.8
25 to 44 years	2,555	1,345	1,205	47.0	48.3	45.6
45 years and over	335	160	170	6.2	5.7	6.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,435	2,785	2,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	605	310	295	11.1	11.1	11.2
Brazil	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	240	125	115	4.4	4.5	4.3
El Salvador	70	40	25	1.3	1.4	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	140	70	75	2.6	2.5	2.8
Peru	25	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	65	25	40	1.2	0.9	1.5
Other places of birth in Americas	50	30	25	0.9	1.1	0.9
Europe	240	130	110	4.4	4.7	4.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	40	30	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	35	10	25	0.6	0.4	0.9
Poland	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	25	15	0.8	0.9	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	30	35	1.2	1.1	1.3
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Africa	2,320	1,175	1,145	42.7	42.2	43.3
Algeria	30	10	10	0.6	0.4	0.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	105	65	45	1.9	2.3	1.7
Egypt	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.8
Eritrea	310	165	140	5.7	5.9	5.3
Ethiopia	585	305	280	10.8	11.0	10.6
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	15	15	0.6	0.5	0.6
Somalia	470	210	260	8.6	7.5	9.8
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	735	385	355	13.5	13.8	13.4
Asia	2,250	1,165	1,080	41.4	41.8	40.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	55	10	1.2	2.0	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	225	110	115	4.1	3.9	4.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	20	0.6	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,530	775	755	28.2	27.8	28.5
Viet Nam	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pakistan	85	50	35	1.6	1.8	1.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	240	130	110	4.4	4.7	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,850	905	945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	185	85	100	10.0	9.4	10.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	40	15	25	2.2	1.7	2.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	85	40	50	4.6	4.4	5.3
United States of America	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	45	25	15	2.4	2.8	1.6
Europe	30	10	20	1.6	1.1	2.1
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	15	1.1	0.0	1.6
Africa	1,015	485	525	54.9	53.6	55.6
Algeria	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.1
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	25	25	2.4	2.8	2.6
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	270	145	125	14.6	16.0	13.2
Ethiopia	275	150	120	14.9	16.6	12.7
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	160	70	95	8.6	7.7	10.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	55	20	30	3.0	2.2	3.2
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	190	70	120	10.3	7.7	12.7
Asia	620	325	295	33.5	35.9	31.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	505	240	270	27.3	26.5	28.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	55	10	3.5	6.1	1.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	14,645	7,605	7,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,890	3,115	2,775	40.2	41.0	39.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,645	1,350	1,295	18.1	17.8	18.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,110	3,145	2,970	41.7	41.4	42.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,245	2,705	2,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,195	1,155	1,040	41.8	42.7	40.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	745	585	155	14.2	21.6	6.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,450	570	880	27.6	21.1	34.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	860	325	530	16.4	12.0	20.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,175	1,210	965	41.5	44.7	38.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,245	2,705	2,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	185	115	70	3.5	4.3	2.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	755	575	175	14.4	21.3	6.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	55	35	20	1.0	1.3	0.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	35	15	1.0	1.3	0.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,190	1,940	2,250	79.9	71.7	88.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	14,640	7,605	7,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,110	3,775	3,330	48.6	49.6	47.3
South Asian	205	120	90	1.4	1.6	1.3
Chinese	320	150	165	2.2	2.0	2.3
Black	3,270	1,685	1,585	22.3	22.2	22.5
Filipino	1,960	1,065	895	13.4	14.0	12.7
Arab	75	60	20	0.5	0.8	0.3
Latin American	650	365	280	4.4	4.8	4.0
Southeast Asian	415	220	195	2.8	2.9	2.8
West Asian	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	55	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	45	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	60	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	7,535	3,830	3,705	51.5	50.4	52.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	14,645	7,605	7,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,905	975	930	13.0	12.8	13.2
English	1,700	745	955	11.6	9.8	13.6
Irish	1,200	595	605	8.2	7.8	8.6
Scottish	1,280	615	665	8.7	8.1	9.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	690	315	370	4.7	4.1	5.3
German	1,660	880	785	11.3	11.6	11.2
Chinese	385	175	205	2.6	2.3	2.9
Italian	195	95	100	1.3	1.2	1.4
Indian (India)	110	60	50	0.8	0.8	0.7
Ukrainian	450	245	205	3.1	3.2	2.9
Dutch	400	205	195	2.7	2.7	2.8
Polish	205	125	80	1.4	1.6	1.1
Québécois	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	195	100	100	1.3	1.3	1.4
Filipino	1,865	1,020	845	12.7	13.4	12.0
French Canadian	65	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	300	165	135	2.0	2.2	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	55	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis	265	125	145	1.8	1.6	2.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	155	85	65	1.1	1.1	0.9
Russian	235	115	115	1.6	1.5	1.6
Norwegian	360	175	180	2.5	2.3	2.6
Welsh	155	70	85	1.1	0.9	1.2
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American	75	20	60	0.5	0.3	0.9
Spanish	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.6
Swedish	235	110	120	1.6	1.4	1.7
Hungarian	265	125	140	1.8	1.6	2.0
Acadian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	90	45	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	690	345	340	4.7	4.5	4.8
Jewish	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	140	95	45	1.0	1.2	0.6
Greek	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	135	65	65	0.9	0.9	0.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	80	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.5
Korean	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	60	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	85	35	45	0.6	0.5	0.6
Danish	200	95	100	1.4	1.2	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Belgian	45	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Mexican	295	170	125	2.0	2.2	1.8
Mennonite	60	15	45	0.4	0.2	0.6
Swiss	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	45	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	70	50	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	95	70	1.2	1.2	1.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	170	90	80	1.2	1.2	1.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	125	75	55	0.9	1.0	0.8
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigerian	45	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	890	435	465	6.1	5.7	6.6
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	75	50	25	0.5	0.7	0.4
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	115	70	45	0.8	0.9	0.6
Nova Scotian	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopian	415	215	200	2.8	2.8	2.8
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	150	75	75	1.0	1.0	1.1
Berber	40	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	295	160	135	2.0	2.1	1.9
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	125	60	65	0.9	0.8	0.9
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Laotian	65	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ilocano	80	55	30	0.5	0.7	0.4
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	220	125	95	1.5	1.6	1.3
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Buddhist	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	55	35	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	125	55	70	0.9	0.7	1.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	20	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	14,640	7,610	7,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	295	165	130	2.0	2.2	1.8
Christian	8,010	4,050	3,960	54.7	53.2	56.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,010	1,020	985	13.7	13.4	14.0
Anabaptist	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Anglican	435	245	190	3.0	3.2	2.7
Baptist	85	55	35	0.6	0.7	0.5
Catholic	3,330	1,790	1,540	22.7	23.5	21.9
Christian Orthodox	245	110	130	1.7	1.4	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latter Day Saints	105	40	60	0.7	0.5	0.9
Lutheran	365	145	220	2.5	1.9	3.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	230	130	100	1.6	1.7	1.4
Presbyterian	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Reformed	45	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.5
United Church	630	270	365	4.3	3.5	5.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	445	210	240	3.0	2.8	3.4
Hindu	70	45	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	1,855	950	905	12.7	12.5	12.9
Sikh	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	4,325	2,360	1,965	29.5	31.0	27.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	14,455	7,535	6,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	12,545	6,550	5,990	86.8	86.9	86.6
Movers	1,905	985	920	13.2	13.1	13.3
Non-migrants	1,295	645	645	9.0	8.6	9.3
Migrants	620	335	280	4.3	4.4	4.0
Internal migrants	440	235	200	3.0	3.1	2.9
Intraprovincial migrants	330	180	150	2.3	2.4	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	110	60	50	0.8	0.8	0.7
External migrants	175	100	80	1.2	1.3	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	13,620	7,080	6,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	7,765	4,015	3,750	57.0	56.7	57.3
Movers	5,860	3,065	2,795	43.0	43.3	42.7
Non-migrants	2,785	1,445	1,340	20.4	20.4	20.5
Migrants	3,070	1,620	1,455	22.5	22.9	22.2
Internal migrants	1,660	835	835	12.2	11.8	12.8
Intraprovincial migrants	1,290	675	615	9.5	9.5	9.4
Interprovincial migrants	370	155	215	2.7	2.2	3.3
External migrants	1,410	785	620	10.4	11.1	9.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,230	5,820	5,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,400	1,745	1,655	30.3	30.0	30.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,835	4,075	3,755	69.8	70.0	69.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,835	4,145	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,915	1,040	875	24.4	25.1	23.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,920	3,105	2,815	75.6	74.9	76.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,230	5,820	5,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,215	1,640	1,575	28.6	28.2	29.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,080	2,265	1,815	36.3	38.9	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,935	1,915	2,025	35.0	32.9	37.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,605	1,325	1,270	23.2	22.8	23.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	875	635	235	7.8	10.9	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	335	170	165	3.0	2.9	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	535	465	70	4.8	8.0	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,485	565	920	13.2	9.7	17.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	120	120	2.1	2.1	2.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,335	585	750	11.9	10.1	13.9
Bachelor's degree	1,000	415	580	8.9	7.1	10.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	100	30	70	0.9	0.5	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	25	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	170	85	85	1.5	1.5	1.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,840	4,140	3,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,795	975	815	22.9	23.6	22.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,895	1,660	1,240	36.9	40.1	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,150	1,515	1,635	40.2	36.6	44.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,010	1,025	980	25.6	24.8	26.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	680	500	180	8.7	12.1	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	250	125	125	3.2	3.0	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	430	370	60	5.5	8.9	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,125	425	695	14.3	10.3	18.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210	105	105	2.7	2.5	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,140	485	660	14.5	11.7	17.9
Bachelor's degree	860	350	510	11.0	8.5	13.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	30	55	1.1	0.7	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	25	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
Master's degree	125	55	75	1.6	1.3	2.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	30	25	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,230	5,820	5,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,300	3,910	3,390	65.0	67.2	62.7
Education	440	155	285	3.9	2.7	5.3
13. Education	440	155	285	3.9	2.7	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	10	45	0.5	0.2	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	55	10	45	0.5	0.2	0.8
Humanities	135	70	65	1.2	1.2	1.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	40	30	0.7	0.7	0.6
54. History	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	280	70	205	2.5	1.2	3.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	85	10	80	0.8	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	60	20	45	0.5	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	40	0	40	0.4	0.0	0.7
45. Social sciences	60	30	30	0.5	0.5	0.6
Business, management and public administration	730	210	515	6.5	3.6	9.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	15	65	0.7	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	645	195	450	5.7	3.4	8.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	75	35	45	0.7	0.6	0.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	110	60	45	1.0	1.0	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	90	55	30	0.8	0.9	0.6
25. Library science	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	935	890	45	8.3	15.3	0.8
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	95	95	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	235	205	30	2.1	3.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	210	205	0	1.9	3.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	230	225	0	2.0	3.9	0.0
48. Precision production	165	155	10	1.5	2.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	180	130	50	1.6	2.2	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	155	115	35	1.4	2.0	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	685	115	570	6.1	2.0	10.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	640	85	555	5.7	1.5	10.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	315	165	155	2.8	2.8	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	200	55	145	1.8	0.9	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	50	35	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	70	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,840	4,145	3,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,690	2,630	2,055	59.8	63.4	55.6
Education	345	115	230	4.4	2.8	6.2
13. Education	345	115	230	4.4	2.8	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	0	40	0.6	0.0	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	0	40	0.6	0.0	1.1
Humanities	100	55	45	1.3	1.3	1.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	20	0.6	0.6	0.5
54. History	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	230	65	175	2.9	1.6	4.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	60	10	50	0.8	0.2	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	60	20	40	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	40	0	40	0.5	0.0	1.1
45. Social sciences	60	25	30	0.8	0.6	0.8
Business, management and public administration	610	185	430	7.8	4.5	11.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	60	10	50	0.8	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	555	175	380	7.1	4.2	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	70	30	40	0.9	0.7	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95	60	40	1.2	1.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80	55	30	1.0	1.3	0.8
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	715	675	45	9.1	16.3	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
14. Engineering	75	70	0	1.0	1.7	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	175	150	25	2.2	3.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	150	145	0	1.9	3.5	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	175	170	0	2.2	4.1	0.0
48. Precision production	145	140	10	1.8	3.4	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140	100	35	1.8	2.4	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	85	30	1.5	2.1	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.3
Health and related fields	545	95	450	7.0	2.3	12.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	30	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	510	70	435	6.5	1.7	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	250	135	115	3.2	3.3	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	145	40	105	1.8	1.0	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	35	30	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	70	0	0.9	1.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	7,840	4,145	3,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,690	2,630	2,055	59.8	63.4	55.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,150	1,510	1,640	40.2	36.4	44.4
Location of study inside Canada	2,225	1,030	1,190	28.4	24.8	32.2
Same as province or territory of residence	1,545	710	835	19.7	17.1	22.6
Different than province or territory of residence	675	315	360	8.6	7.6	9.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	925	485	445	11.8	11.7	12.0
Americas	135	65	70	1.7	1.6	1.9
United States of America	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.8
Mexico	50	25	25	0.6	0.6	0.7
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	70	35	30	0.9	0.8	0.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	160	95	60	2.0	2.3	1.6
Nigeria	20	10	0	0.3	0.2	0.0
Algeria	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	95	50	45	1.2	1.2	1.2
Asia	555	285	270	7.1	6.9	7.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.8
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Philippines	455	245	210	5.8	5.9	5.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.3
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	11,230	5,820	5,415	...	...	...
In the labour force	7,705	4,325	3,380	...	...	...
Employed	7,030	3,940	3,085	...	...	...
Unemployed	675	385	300	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	3,525	1,500	2,030	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.6	74.3	62.4	68.6	74.3	62.4
Employment rate	62.6	67.7	57.0	62.6	67.7	57.0
Unemployment rate	8.8	8.9	8.9	8.8	8.9	8.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	11,230	5,820	5,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,715	1,625	2,085	33.1	27.9	38.5
Worked	7,520	4,195	3,325	67.0	72.1	61.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,180	2,545	1,630	37.2	43.7	30.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,340	1,650	1,695	29.7	28.4	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	42.5	40.4	41.6	42.5	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,705	4,325	3,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	205	85	115	2.7	2.0	3.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,500	4,235	3,265	97.3	97.9	96.5
Employee	6,845	3,845	3,000	88.8	88.9	88.6
Permanent position	5,850	3,315	2,530	75.9	76.6	74.7
Temporary position	995	525	470	12.9	12.1	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	430	265	165	5.6	6.1	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	565	260	305	7.3	6.0	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	655	395	265	8.5	9.1	7.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,705	4,325	3,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	205	85	115	2.7	2.0	3.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,500	4,235	3,265	97.3	97.9	96.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	710	195	515	9.2	4.5	15.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	210	170	40	2.7	3.9	1.2
3 Health occupations	385	65	315	5.0	1.5	9.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	680	190	490	8.8	4.4	14.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	60	15	50	0.8	0.3	1.5
6 Sales and service occupations	1,610	620	995	20.9	14.3	29.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,260	1,155	100	16.4	26.7	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	520	480	35	6.7	11.1	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,040	1,340	705	26.5	31.0	20.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,705	4,325	3,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	205	85	115	2.7	2.0	3.4
All industries¹⁹¹	7,500	4,235	3,265	97.3	97.9	96.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	190	150	40	2.5	3.5	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	555	505	50	7.2	11.7	1.5
22 Utilities	50	45	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
23 Construction	390	355	40	5.1	8.2	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	2,355	1,605	745	30.6	37.1	22.0
41 Wholesale trade	135	100	35	1.8	2.3	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	815	410	405	10.6	9.5	12.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	230	150	80	3.0	3.5	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	20	15	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
52 Finance and insurance	120	10	110	1.6	0.2	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	70	50	25	0.9	1.2	0.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	200	105	95	2.6	2.4	2.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	235	95	140	3.0	2.2	4.1
61 Educational services	450	100	350	5.8	2.3	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	735	105	630	9.5	2.4	18.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	50	35	20	0.6	0.8	0.6
72 Accommodation and food services	400	130	265	5.2	3.0	7.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	330	170	160	4.3	3.9	4.7
91 Public administration	170	110	60	2.2	2.5	1.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,145	4,535	3,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	7,790	4,365	3,425	95.6	96.3	95.0
French	30	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official language	75	40	30	0.9	0.9	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	40	30	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	210	95	115	2.6	2.1	3.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,145	4,535	3,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,110	4,515	3,595	99.6	99.6	99.7
Official languages	7,985	4,455	3,530	98.0	98.2	97.9
English	7,935	4,430	3,500	97.4	97.7	97.1
French	50	20	30	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official languages	125	65	65	1.5	1.4	1.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	65	65	1.5	1.4	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	40	0.8	0.7	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.7
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.6
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.3
Amharic	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Arabic	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	30	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	30	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	30	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	30	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,145	4,535	3,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	7,920	4,435	3,490	97.2	97.8	96.8
English	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	1.0
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	135	70	65	1.7	1.5	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	70	65	1.7	1.5	1.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	7,030	3,945	3,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	375	135	240	5.3	3.4	7.8
Worked outside Canada	30	25	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,000	800	200	14.2	20.3	6.5
Usual place of work	5,630	2,985	2,645	80.1	75.7	85.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,630	2,985	2,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,045	1,960	2,085	71.8	65.7	78.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,420	950	465	25.2	31.8	17.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	140	65	75	2.5	2.2	2.8
Commute to a different province or territory	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.8
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,625	3,780	2,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	6,170	3,575	2,590	93.1	94.6	91.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,305	3,185	2,115	80.1	84.3	74.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	870	395	475	13.1	10.4	16.7
Public transit	35	35	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Walked	250	85	165	3.8	2.2	5.8
Bicycle	30	20	10	0.5	0.5	0.4
Other method	135	65	70	2.0	1.7	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,625	3,780	2,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,640	2,365	2,280	70.0	62.6	80.3
15 to 29 minutes	1,370	925	450	20.7	24.5	15.8
30 to 44 minutes	255	180	70	3.8	4.8	2.5
45 to 59 minutes	90	90	0	1.4	2.4	0.0
60 minutes and over	270	225	45	4.1	6.0	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,625	3,780	2,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	985	670	315	14.9	17.7	11.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,180	775	400	17.8	20.5	14.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,220	655	565	18.4	17.3	19.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,020	365	655	15.4	9.7	23.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	455	175	285	6.9	4.6	10.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,765	1,145	625	26.6	30.3	22.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,190	2,165	2,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240	125	115	5.7	5.8	5.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,950	2,045	1,910	94.3	94.5	94.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,085	1,575	1,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190	95	95	6.2	6.0	6.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	95	45	50	3.1	2.9	3.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	95	50	45	3.1	3.2	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,900	1,480	1,420	94.0	94.0	93.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 15, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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