Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Burnaby, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	249,125
Population, 2016¹	232,755
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.0
Total private dwellings²	107,046
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	101,136
Population density per square kilometre	2,750.7
Land area in square kilometres	90.57
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	249,120
0 to 14 years	32,295
0 to 4 years	10,510
5 to 9 years	10,980
10 to 14 years	10,805
15 to 64 years	172,720
15 to 19 years	11,190
20 to 24 years	17,160
25 to 29 years	21,455
30 to 34 years	22,270
35 to 39 years	19,380
40 to 44 years	16,505
45 to 49 years	15,510
50 to 54 years	16,395
55 to 59 years	17,380
60 to 64 years	15,475
65 years and over	44,110
65 to 69 years	13,615
70 to 74 years	11,045
75 to 79 years	7,240
80 to 84 years	5,730
85 years and over	6,475
85 to 89 years	3,840
90 to 94 years	2,040
95 to 99 years	530
100 years and over	75
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.0
15 to 64 years	69.3
65 years and over	17.7
85 years and over	2.6
Average age of the population	42.0
Median age of the population	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	101,140
Single-detached house	19,080
Semi-detached house	2,885
Row house	8,770
Apartment or flat in a duplex	16,650
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	23,835
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	29,715
Other single-attached house	195
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	101,135
1 person	29,575
2 persons	33,180
3 persons	17,015
4 persons	13,325
5 or more persons	8,040
Number of persons in private households	245,725
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	216,825
Married or living common-law	120,820
Married	105,275
Living common-law	15,545
Living common law - Never married	12,675
Living common law - Separated	435
Living common law - Divorced	2,260
Living common law - Widowed	175
Not married and not living common-law	96,000
Not married and not living common law - Never married	68,445
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,980
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	12,455
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,120
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	68,355
2 persons	34,720
3 persons	16,775
4 persons	13,275
5 or more persons	3,585
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	68,355
Total couple families	57,610
Married couples	49,835
With children⁶	28,305
Without children	21,530
Common-law couples	7,775
With children⁶	1,795
Without children	5,980
Total one-parent families	10,745
in which the parent is a woman+	8,745
in which the parent is a man+	2,005
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	245,725
Total - Persons in census families	191,605
Married spouses or common-law partners	115,215
Parents in one-parent families	10,750
Children⁶	65,645
In a two-parent family	50,505
In a one-parent family	15,140
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	54,115
Living alone	29,575
Living with other relatives⁷	8,245
Living with non-relatives only	16,305
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	101,135
One-census-family households without additional persons	55,410
Couple-family households	47,280
With children⁶	24,750
Without children	22,530
One-parent-family households	8,135
Multigenerational households⁸	4,090
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,135
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	4,110
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	6,815
One-person households	29,575
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	213,475
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	206,675
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	206,730
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	183,615
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	146,750
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,810
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,890
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,185
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	213,475
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	206,385
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	206,450
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	183,375
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	146,755
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,395
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,750
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,570
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,705
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	213,475
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	68,465
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	59,440
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	213,475
Without total income	6,805
With total income	206,670
Under $10,000 (including loss)	24,885
$10,000 to $19,999	24,795
$20,000 to $29,999	32,485
$30,000 to $39,999	24,960
$40,000 to $49,999	21,115
$50,000 to $59,999	17,535
$60,000 to $69,999	13,865
$70,000 to $79,999	10,615
$80,000 to $89,999	8,475
$90,000 to $99,999	6,655
$100,000 and over	21,285
$100,000 to $149,999	14,360
$150,000 and over	6,920
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	213,475
Without after-tax income	6,750
With after-tax income	206,730
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25,555
$10,000 to $19,999	25,580
$20,000 to $29,999	36,310
$30,000 to $39,999	28,600
$40,000 to $49,999	24,265
$50,000 to $59,999	18,880
$60,000 to $69,999	13,640
$70,000 to $79,999	10,125
$80,000 to $89,999	7,200
$90,000 to $99,999	4,820
$100,000 and over	11,765
$100,000 to $124,999	6,190
$125,000 and over	5,570
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	213,475
Without employment income	66,725
With employment income	146,755
Under $5,000 (including loss)	18,920
$5,000 to $9,999	12,840
$10,000 to $19,999	17,105
$20,000 to $29,999	12,890
$30,000 to $39,999	12,630
$40,000 to $49,999	12,765
$50,000 to $59,999	12,480
$60,000 to $69,999	10,115
$70,000 to $79,999	8,015
$80,000 to $89,999	6,680
$90,000 to $99,999	5,470
$100,000 and over	16,845
$100,000 to $124,999	7,970
$125,000 and over	8,870
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	213,475
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	199,160
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	199,515
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	180,880
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	148,920
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	136,470
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,810
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	213,475
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	198,815
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	199,145
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	180,600
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	148,920
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	136,005
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,650
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	213,475
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	67,690
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	55,155
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	90.4
Employment income (%)	76.0
Government transfers (%)	9.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	101,135
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	29,575
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	71,565
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	101,135
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,100
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,700
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	29,580
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,650
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,880
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	71,555
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,700
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	101,135
Under $5,000	2,800
$5,000 to $9,999	1,060
$10,000 to $14,999	1,185
$15,000 to $19,999	2,240
$20,000 to $24,999	4,410
$25,000 to $29,999	3,110
$30,000 to $34,999	3,235
$35,000 to $39,999	3,770
$40,000 to $44,999	3,560
$45,000 to $49,999	3,495
$50,000 to $59,999	6,970
$60,000 to $69,999	6,545
$70,000 to $79,999	6,440
$80,000 to $89,999	6,075
$90,000 to $99,999	5,375
$100,000 and over	40,870
$100,000 to $124,999	11,460
$125,000 to $149,999	8,430
$150,000 to $199,999	10,550
$200,000 and over	10,430
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	101,135
Under $5,000	3,015
$5,000 to $9,999	1,065
$10,000 to $14,999	1,210
$15,000 to $19,999	2,315
$20,000 to $24,999	4,610
$25,000 to $29,999	3,510
$30,000 to $34,999	3,625
$35,000 to $39,999	4,340
$40,000 to $44,999	4,140
$45,000 to $49,999	4,130
$50,000 to $59,999	7,975
$60,000 to $69,999	7,765
$70,000 to $79,999	7,295
$80,000 to $89,999	6,595
$90,000 to $99,999	5,865
$100,000 and over	33,670
$100,000 to $124,999	11,555
$125,000 to $149,999	7,895
$150,000 and over	14,220
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	66,930
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	23,850
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30,155
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	9,690
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	45,880
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	66,910
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	23,745
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30,110
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,750
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,200
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	45,795
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	245,725
0 to 17 years	38,640
0 to 5 years	12,710
18 to 64 years	165,380
65 years and over	41,700
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	33,175
0 to 17 years	5,165
0 to 5 years	1,665
18 to 64 years	20,510
65 years and over	7,500
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	13.4
0 to 5 years (%)	13.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4
65 years and over (%)	18.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	245,725
0 to 17 years	38,645
0 to 5 years	12,710
18 to 64 years	165,380
65 years and over	41,700
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	23,595
0 to 17 years	3,180
0 to 5 years	950
18 to 64 years	17,230
65 years and over	3,180
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.4
65 years and over (%)	7.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	245,725
In bottom half of the distribution	119,695
In bottom decile	32,730
In second decile	23,105
In third decile	20,885
In fourth decile	21,180
In fifth decile	21,795
In top half of the distribution	126,030
In sixth decile	21,995
In seventh decile	23,425
In eighth decile	25,080
In ninth decile	27,240
In top decile	28,280
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	245,725
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.351
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.314
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	246,940
English only	218,745
French only	95
English and French	12,040
Neither English nor French	16,060
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	246,940
English	227,915
French	1,725
English and French	1,480
Neither English nor French	15,825
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	246,940
Single responses	231,085
Official languages	97,495
English	95,955
French	1,535
Non-official languages	133,590
Indigenous languages³⁹	50
Algonquian languages	20
Blackfoot	5
Cree-Innu languages	15
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	5
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	133,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,310
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	10
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	155
Bilen	15
Oromo	35
Somali	90
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10
Semitic languages	3,145
Amharic	275
Arabic	2,055
Aramaic languages	30
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	80
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	695
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,280
Khmer (Cambodian)	70
Vietnamese	3,205
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	9,165
Bikol	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105
Cebuano	245
Fijian	10
Hiligaynon	160
Ilocano	510
Indonesian	740
Kankanaey	25
Kinaray-a	15
Malagasy languages	5
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5
Malay	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	95
Pangasinan	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,020
Waray-Waray	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	110
Creole languages	65
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	30
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	1,480
Kannada	105
Malayalam	315
Tamil	585
Telugu	465
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	40,790
Albanian	225
Armenian	215
Balto-Slavic languages	8,300
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	25
Slavic languages	8,260
Belarusian	10
Bulgarian	175
Czech	270
Macedonian	50
Polish	895
Russian	2,690
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	3,535
Bosnian	300
Croatian	1,405
Serbian	1,775
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	60
Slovak	165
Slovene (Slovenian)	65
Ukrainian	410
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5
Celtic languages	5
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,700
Frisian	5
High German languages	1,115
German	1,080
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	35
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	355
Afrikaans	60
Dutch	275
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	225
Danish	90
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	40
Swedish	90
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	415
Indo-Iranian languages	17,440
Indo-Aryan languages	11,450
Assamese	0
Bengali	675
Gujarati	1,555
Hindi	2,560
Kacchi	345
Kashmiri	15
Konkani	25
Marathi	360
Nepali	55
Oriya languages	30
Odia	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,980
Rohingya	5
Sindhi	40
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	105
Urdu	635
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	60
Iranian languages	5,985
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	515
Parsi	15
Pashto	190
Persian languages	5,240
Dari	1,020
Iranian Persian	3,665
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	560
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Italic (Romance) languages	12,495
Catalan	10
Italian	3,380
Portuguese	2,915
Romanian	825
Spanish	5,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	2,325
Korean	7,690
Mongolian	45
Niger-Congo languages	390
Akan (Twi)	30
Bamanankan	5
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5
Ga	5
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	5
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	20
Shona	25
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5
Swahili	90
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	15
Yoruba	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	75
Nilo-Saharan languages	70
Dinka	30
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	35
African, n.o.s.	5
Sign languages	85
American Sign Language	75
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	63,220
Chinese languages	63,010
Hakka	335
Mandarin	31,710
Min Dong	30
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,965
Wu (Shanghainese)	550
Yue (Cantonese)	28,060
Chinese, n.o.s.	350
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	195
Burmese	95
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	75
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15
Tai-Kadai languages	315
Lao	35
Thai	270
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15
Turkic languages	670
Azerbaijani	60
Kazakh	20
Turkish	480
Uyghur	75
Uzbek	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25
Uralic languages	600
Estonian	30
Finnish	100
Hungarian	465
Other languages, n.i.e.	20
Multiple responses	15,860
English and French	610
English and non-official language(s)	13,025
French and non-official language(s)	195
English, French and non-official language(s)	210
Multiple non-official languages	1,815
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	246,940
English	107,955
French	320
Non-official language	46,865
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	46,860
English and French	1,390
English and non-official language(s)	83,915
French and non-official language(s)	90
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,525
Multiple non-official languages	4,885
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	246,940
Single responses	228,310
Official languages	141,845
English	141,300
French	545
Non-official languages	86,460
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	86,455
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,150
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	70
Bilen	15
Oromo	15
Somali	40
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Semitic languages	2,075
Amharic	145
Arabic	1,300
Aramaic languages	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	585
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,865
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	1,840
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	4,865
Bikol	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60
Cebuano	130
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	75
Ilocano	265
Indonesian	300
Kankanaey	10
Kinaray-a	5
Malagasy languages	5
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,895
Waray-Waray	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50
Creole languages	25
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	10
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	920
Kannada	45
Malayalam	180
Tamil	400
Telugu	285
Tulu	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	15
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	21,925
Albanian	60
Armenian	155
Balto-Slavic languages	4,540
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	4,540
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	75
Czech	110
Macedonian	25
Polish	350
Russian	1,895
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,870
Bosnian	180
Croatian	555
Serbian	1,115
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20
Slovak	50
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	150
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	195
Frisian	0
High German languages	115
German	115
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	35
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	160
Indo-Iranian languages	10,615
Indo-Aryan languages	6,330
Assamese	0
Bengali	405
Gujarati	810
Hindi	1,350
Kacchi	170
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	5
Marathi	185
Nepali	30
Oriya languages	20
Odia	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,890
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	15
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55
Urdu	370
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20
Iranian languages	4,285
Baluchi	10
Kurdish	360
Parsi	10
Pashto	140
Persian languages	3,755
Dari	695
Iranian Persian	2,645
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	410
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,195
Catalan	0
Italian	930
Portuguese	1,835
Romanian	375
Spanish	3,045
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	1,170
Korean	5,975
Mongolian	35
Niger-Congo languages	105
Akan (Twi)	10
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	30
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	30
Dinka	10
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	130
American Sign Language	110
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,580
Chinese languages	46,440
Hakka	100
Mandarin	25,565
Min Dong	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,125
Wu (Shanghainese)	380
Yue (Cantonese)	19,090
Chinese, n.o.s.	155
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	135
Burmese	60
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	60
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5
Tai-Kadai languages	115
Lao	5
Thai	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	370
Azerbaijani	40
Kazakh	5
Turkish	270
Uyghur	40
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	175
Estonian	5
Finnish	10
Hungarian	155
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	18,635
English and French	250
English and non-official language(s)	17,400
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	105
Multiple non-official languages	830
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	246,940
None	170,400
English	30,555
French	1,305
Non-official language	34,730
Indigenous³⁹	40
Non-Indigenous	34,690
English and French	235
English and non-official language(s)	4,880
French and non-official language(s)	775
English, French and non-official language(s)	55
Multiple non-official languages	4,000
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	245,725
Official languages	229,400
English	229,325
French	12,325
Non-official languages	163,875
Indigenous languages³⁹	125
Algonquian languages	45
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	25
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	30
Dakelh (Carrier)	10
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	10
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	10
Tsimshian	10
Wakashan languages	10
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15
Non-Indigenous languages	163,780
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,005
Berber languages	10
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	35
Hausa	30
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	205
Bilen	0
Oromo	65
Somali	130
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	4,835
Amharic	495
Arabic	3,505
Aramaic languages	105
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35
Harari	0
Hebrew	375
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	840
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,090
Khmer (Cambodian)	70
Vietnamese	4,025
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10
Austronesian languages	13,115
Bikol	90
Bisaya, n.o.s.	160
Cebuano	435
Fijian	60
Hiligaynon	235
Ilocano	845
Indonesian	1,115
Kankanaey	20
Kinaray-a	15
Malagasy languages	15
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15
Malay	375
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	120
Pangasinan	110
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,245
Waray-Waray	70
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	350
Creole languages	200
Haitian Creole	30
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	20
Morisyen	70
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45
Dravidian languages	2,530
Kannada	320
Malayalam	520
Tamil	1,165
Telugu	885
Tulu	30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	40
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	55,735
Albanian	365
Armenian	290
Balto-Slavic languages	10,215
Baltic languages	50
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	40
Slavic languages	10,185
Belarusian	40
Bulgarian	235
Czech	370
Macedonian	100
Polish	1,270
Russian	3,705
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,435
Bosnian	650
Croatian	2,065
Serbian	2,485
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	90
Slovak	195
Slovene (Slovenian)	75
Ukrainian	885
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15
Celtic languages	80
Irish	60
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	3,365
Frisian	0
High German languages	2,375
German	2,355
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	55
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	625
Afrikaans	195
Dutch	425
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15
Scandinavian languages	430
Danish	165
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	90
Swedish	190
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	605
Indo-Iranian languages	24,990
Indo-Aryan languages	18,235
Assamese	25
Bengali	855
Gujarati	2,725
Hindi	8,945
Kacchi	705
Kashmiri	20
Konkani	60
Marathi	660
Nepali	70
Oriya languages	15
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	7,860
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	65
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	260
Urdu	1,650
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	115
Iranian languages	7,075
Baluchi	15
Kurdish	805
Parsi	20
Pashto	550
Persian languages	6,150
Dari	1,385
Iranian Persian	4,335
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	540
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25
Italic (Romance) languages	17,665
Catalan	20
Italian	4,890
Portuguese	3,455
Romanian	1,085
Spanish	9,235
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25
Japanese	4,425
Korean	9,090
Mongolian	20
Niger-Congo languages	1,225
Akan (Twi)	90
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	20
Ganda	35
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	65
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30
Lingala	45
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	75
Shona	55
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	595
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	20
Yoruba	110
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	260
Nilo-Saharan languages	85
Dinka	25
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	460
American Sign Language	420
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35
Sino-Tibetan languages	73,280
Chinese languages	73,060
Hakka	525
Mandarin	47,170
Min Dong	30
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,065
Wu (Shanghainese)	835
Yue (Cantonese)	35,915
Chinese, n.o.s.	300
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	245
Burmese	100
Kuki-Chin languages	20
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	40
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20
Tai-Kadai languages	425
Lao	70
Thai	355
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15
Turkic languages	1,070
Azerbaijani	130
Kazakh	30
Turkish	870
Uyghur	65
Uzbek	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	50
Uralic languages	660
Estonian	20
Finnish	125
Hungarian	525
Other languages, n.i.e.	25
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	245,725
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,180
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,030
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,670
Métis	1,340
Inuk (Inuit)	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	95
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55
Non-Indigenous identity	241,550
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	245,725
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,900
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	243,825
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	101,135
Owner	61,185
Renter	39,950
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	101,135
Condominium	42,540
Not condominium	58,600
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	101,135
No bedrooms	1,915
1 bedroom	23,255
2 bedrooms	34,815
3 bedrooms	18,005
4 or more bedrooms	23,140
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	101,135
1 to 4 rooms	55,760
5 rooms	12,665
6 rooms	8,600
7 rooms	6,925
8 or more rooms	17,190
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.9
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	101,135
One person or fewer per room	96,080
More than one person per room	5,055
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	101,135
Suitable	91,090
Not suitable	10,045
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	101,135
1960 or before	11,045
1961 to 1980	24,810
1981 to 1990	14,235
1991 to 2000	14,465
2001 to 2005	6,435
2006 to 2010	9,405
2011 to 2015	8,035
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	12,710
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	101,135
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	95,090
Major repairs needed	6,045
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	101,135
One-maintainer household	50,765
Two-maintainer household	42,300
Three-or-more-maintainer household	8,075
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	101,135
15 to 24 years	3,880
25 to 34 years	17,750
35 to 44 years	18,255
45 to 54 years	17,530
55 to 64 years	18,755
65 to 74 years	14,115
75 to 84 years	7,465
85 years and over	3,380
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	100,625
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	69,470
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	31,155
30% to less than 100%	24,960
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	101,135
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	42,240
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	26,990
Not suitable only	6,845
Major repairs needed only	3,640
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	2,360
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,560
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	595
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	245
Acceptable housing	58,900
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	94,430
In core need	17,745
Not in core need	76,680
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	61,185
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.7
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.9
% in core housing need⁶³	13.1
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,744
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	980,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,175,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,950
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.7
% in core housing need⁶³	27.9
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,536
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	245,725
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,460
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,425
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,215
Métis single ancestry	205
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,180
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,095
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,185
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	890
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	241,085
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	245,725
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	195,540
Canadian citizens aged under 18	33,795
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	161,750
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	50,185
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	245,725
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	105,170
Immigrants⁸¹	123,795
Before 1980	17,225
1980 to 1990	14,020
1991 to 2000	31,380
2001 to 2010	28,525
2011 to 2021⁸²	32,645
2011 to 2015	13,720
2016 to 2021	18,920
Non-permanent residents⁸³	16,765
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	123,800
Under 5 years	8,805
5 to 14 years	19,335
15 to 24 years	21,815
25 to 44 years	58,535
45 years and over	15,300
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	123,800
Americas	7,285
Brazil	1,020
Colombia	420
El Salvador	390
Guyana	100
Haiti	25
Jamaica	215
Mexico	1,160
Peru	330
Trinidad and Tobago	155
United States of America	1,885
Other places of birth in Americas	1,590
Europe	15,990
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,040
Croatia	995
France	270
Germany	705
Greece	220
Hungary	260
Italy	2,295
Netherlands	250
Poland	860
Portugal	695
Romania	865
Russian Federation	1,230
Serbia⁸⁶	845
Ukraine	850
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,225
Other places of birth in Europe	2,375
Africa	5,380
Algeria	45
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	90
Egypt	230
Eritrea	705
Ethiopia	355
Morocco	120
Nigeria	315
Somalia	70
South Africa, Republic of	490
Other places of birth in Africa	2,965
Asia	93,220
Afghanistan	1,195
Iran⁸⁸	3,210
Iraq	695
Lebanon	180
Syria⁸⁹	735
Turkey	265
China⁹⁰	30,860
Hong Kong⁹¹	11,010
Korea, South⁹²	6,380
Taiwan	7,750
Philippines	11,235
Viet Nam	3,380
Bangladesh	385
India	7,540
Pakistan	835
Sri Lanka	445
Other places of birth in Asia	7,120
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,925
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	18,920
Americas	1,970
Brazil	755
Colombia	75
Haiti	0
Jamaica	30
Mexico	285
United States of America	430
Venezuela⁹⁵	70
Other places of birth in Americas	320
Europe	1,645
France	60
Germany	30
Ireland⁹⁶	75
Italy	90
Russian Federation	180
Ukraine	280
United Kingdom⁸⁷	200
Other places of birth in Europe	730
Africa	1,315
Algeria	0
Burundi	25
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	60
Eritrea	560
Ethiopia	125
Morocco	20
Nigeria	170
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	100
Sudan⁹⁷	25
Tunisia	35
Other places of birth in Africa	170
Asia	13,850
Afghanistan	400
Bangladesh	85
China⁹⁰	4,805
Hong Kong⁹¹	250
India	2,525
Iran⁸⁸	580
Iraq	205
Israel	45
Japan	230
Jordan	55
Korea, South⁹²	835
Lebanon	15
Nepal	0
Pakistan	265
Philippines	1,560
Saudi Arabia	75
Sri Lanka	55
Syria⁸⁹	480
Turkey	85
United Arab Emirates	30
Viet Nam	285
Other places of birth in Asia	995
Oceania and other⁹³	140
Australia	115
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	245,725
First generation¹⁰⁰	143,545
Second generation¹⁰¹	59,270
Third generation or more¹⁰²	42,910
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	106,570
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	66,710
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	27,095
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	39,620
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	26,965
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10,960
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,935
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	106,570
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,575
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	9,595
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	4,710
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	8,715
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	350
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	80,620
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	245,725
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	166,690
South Asian	23,155
Chinese	81,795
Black	4,985
Filipino	14,290
Arab	2,540
Latin American	6,155
Southeast Asian	6,270
West Asian	6,435
Korean	9,335
Japanese	3,765
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,565
Multiple visible minorities	6,400
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	79,035
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	245,725
Canadian	11,280
English	18,665
Irish	12,470
Scottish	14,610
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,405
German	10,445
Chinese	73,760
Italian	11,680
Indian (India)	15,000
Ukrainian	5,495
Dutch	2,990
Polish	3,915
Québécois	210
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,585
Filipino	14,050
French Canadian	990
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,305
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,610
Métis	1,205
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,775
Russian	3,870
Norwegian	2,375
Welsh	1,855
Portuguese	2,805
American	1,510
Spanish	3,445
Swedish	1,880
Hungarian	1,555
Acadian	165
Pakistani	1,115
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,425
Jewish	1,025
Punjabi	2,200
Vietnamese	5,440
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,170
Greek	1,215
Jamaican	550
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	5,765
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	435
Korean	9,325
Romanian	1,445
Lebanese	400
Iranian	3,805
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,015
Danish	985
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	505
Sikh	1,555
Austrian	1,260
Belgian	435
Haitian	20
Hindu	1,395
Mexican	2,015
Mennonite	315
Swiss	520
Finnish	765
Sri Lankan	455
Croatian	2,440
Japanese	4,955
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,320
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	585
Muslim	1,025
Egyptian	330
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	900
Tamil	285
Icelandic	460
Colombian	615
Moroccan	150
Czech	670
Syrian	630
Guyanese	100
Afghan	1,565
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	345
Serbian	2,225
Ojibway	80
Newfoundlander	70
Hong Konger	4,285
Ontarian	35
Persian	1,455
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	235
Turkish	650
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30
Bangladeshi	560
Algerian	55
Brazilian	1,375
Nigerian	320
Armenian	470
Slovak	475
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	465
Somali	150
Taiwanese	7,110
Iraqi	415
Salvadorean	390
African Caribbean	125
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,005
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	475
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	170
Algonquin	40
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	110
Lithuanian	185
South African	305
Australian	515
Palestinian	285
Chilean	380
Congolese	145
Nova Scotian	45
Ethiopian	335
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	420
Peruvian	280
Yoruba	110
Cambodian (Khmer)	180
Berber	55
Albanian	375
Maltese	105
Macedonian	100
Slovenian	250
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	185
New Brunswicker	0
Gujarati	305
Eritrean	365
African Canadian	115
Israeli	165
Mohawk	90
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	90
Bulgarian	350
Albertan	75
Ghanaian	110
Barbadian	100
African American	130
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	255
Tunisian	90
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	390
Cuban	180
Bosnian	640
Venezuelan	150
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	85
Bengali	105
Cameroonian	20
Guatemalan	170
Indonesian	1,070
Laotian	190
Ilocano	320
Northern Irish	115
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	125
British Columbian	450
Ecuadorian	50
Franco Ontarian	0
Argentinian	110
Estonian	120
Kurdish	585
Fijian	960
Jatt	120
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85
Coptic	25
Thai	375
Dominican	50
Nepali	110
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	80
Igbo	60
Byelorussian	170
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	145
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35
New Zealander	200
Sudanese	115
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25
Malaysian	630
Plains Cree	25
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	45
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	85
Buddhist	285
Gaspesian	0
Norman	25
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	360
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	25
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35
Burundian	55
Tigrinya	350
Nicaraguan	190
Mauritian	55
Kenyan	245
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	15
Jordanian	110
Manitoban	55
Cape Bretoner	35
Rwandan	15
Grenadian	30
Malayali	75
Chaldean	35
Sinhalese	65
Mayan	205
Honduran	100
Cherokee	50
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	35
Flemish	50
United Empire Loyalist	20
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	100
Sicilian	30
Pashtun	195
Malay	240
Goan	30
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	70
Tibetan	70
Zimbabwean	95
Burmese	90
Mongolian	105
Azorean	20
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	15
Ugandan	140
Oromo	65
Tanzanian	165
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	120
Basque	75
Uruguayan	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20
Igorot	80
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	55
St. Lucian	20
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	15
Telugu	115
Roma	80
Costa Rican	60
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	10
Kashmiri	20
Singaporean	210
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	90
Amhara	70
Paraguayan	15
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	245,725
Buddhist	9,140
Christian	86,490
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	22,730
Anabaptist	660
Anglican	2,575
Baptist	2,280
Catholic	40,000
Christian Orthodox	5,825
Jehovah's Witness	1,050
Latter Day Saints	265
Lutheran	1,160
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	445
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,525
Presbyterian	1,195
Reformed	175
United Church	2,610
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,000
Hindu	7,505
Jewish	620
Muslim	13,735
Sikh	6,905
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	130
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,325
No religion and secular perspectives	118,890
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	243,610
Non-movers	206,085
Movers	37,525
Non-migrants	18,520
Migrants	19,010
Internal migrants	13,330
Intraprovincial migrants	10,840
Interprovincial migrants	2,490
External migrants	5,680
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	235,295
Non-movers	135,210
Movers	100,080
Non-migrants	31,905
Migrants	68,180
Internal migrants	42,875
Intraprovincial migrants	35,750
Interprovincial migrants	7,120
External migrants	25,310
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	213,475
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	26,375
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	187,100
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	143,825
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,640
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	134,190
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	213,475
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,105
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55,365
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	134,010
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	52,430
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,870
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,235
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,635
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	32,740
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,820
Bachelor's degree or higher	81,580
Bachelor's degree	55,085
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	5,275
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,750
Master's degree	17,050
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,420
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	143,825
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,295
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	106,190
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,210
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,425
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,780
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,545
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,555
Bachelor's degree or higher	67,880
Bachelor's degree	45,155
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,230
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,440
Master's degree	15,105
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,950
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	213,480
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	79,470
Education	6,550
13. Education	6,550
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,250
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,055
50. Visual and performing arts	6,195
Humanities	7,880
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,380
23. English language and literature/letters	2,085
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,585
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	75
38. Philosophy and religious studies	325
39. Theology and religious vocations	540
54. History	715
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	170
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,705
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	245
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,870
22. Legal professions and studies	2,140
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	385
42. Psychology	2,930
45. Social sciences	6,895
Business, management and public administration	32,215
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55
44. Public administration and social service professions	955
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	31,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	7,120
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,740
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,715
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	140
40. Physical sciences	2,390
41. Science technologies/technicians	140
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10,135
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	8,545
25. Library science	310
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,015
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	265
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	24,220
04. Architecture and related services	1,155
14. Engineering	11,395
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,415
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10
46. Construction trades	3,455
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,565
48. Precision production	1,215
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,005
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,220
03. Natural resources and conservation	785
Health and related fields	15,220
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,070
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,625
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	500
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,680
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,515
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15
43. Security and protective services	390
49. Transportation and materials moving	755
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	143,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,635
Education	4,470
13. Education	4,470
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,950
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	870
50. Visual and performing arts	5,085
Humanities	5,930
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,045
23. English language and literature/letters	1,630
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,985
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50
38. Philosophy and religious studies	230
39. Theology and religious vocations	365
54. History	495
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	120
Social and behavioural sciences and law	13,785
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	185
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,955
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,465
22. Legal professions and studies	1,790
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	315
42. Psychology	2,405
45. Social sciences	5,670
Business, management and public administration	26,445
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	710
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25,690
Physical and life sciences and technologies	5,570
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,200
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,340
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	110
40. Physical sciences	1,825
41. Science technologies/technicians	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	8,825
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	7,630
25. Library science	215
27. Mathematics and statistics	745
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	225
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	18,355
04. Architecture and related services	910
14. Engineering	9,345
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,205
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15
46. Construction trades	2,440
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,730
48. Precision production	710
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,560
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	910
03. Natural resources and conservation	655
Health and related fields	11,885
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	840
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,630
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	390
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,415
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,590
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	305
49. Transportation and materials moving	510
Other¹⁷⁹	10
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	143,825
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,635
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	106,185
Location of study inside Canada	67,140
Same as province or territory of residence	57,075
Different than province or territory of residence	10,070
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	39,045
Americas	6,370
United States of America	3,425
Mexico	865
Cuba	50
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Brazil	1,130
Colombia	260
Peru	95
Venezuela⁹⁵	100
Other locations of study in Americas	425
Europe	5,550
Belgium	30
France	205
Germany	170
Netherlands	65
Switzerland	95
Hungary	60
Moldova¹⁸³	80
Poland	235
Romania	370
Russian Federation	660
Ukraine	425
Ireland⁹⁶	185
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,570
Bosnia and Herzegovina	180
Italy	115
Serbia⁸⁶	315
Other locations of study in Europe	805
Africa	790
Nigeria	60
Algeria	10
Morocco	60
Tunisia	40
Egypt	105
South Africa, Republic of	180
Other locations of study in Africa	340
Asia	25,480
Iran⁸⁸	1,375
Iraq	190
Israel	60
Lebanon	50
Syria⁸⁹	90
Turkey	160
China⁹⁰	8,050
Taiwan	1,625
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,050
Japan	850
Korea, South⁹²	2,320
Philippines	4,605
Viet Nam	205
Bangladesh	155
Sri Lanka	55
India	3,335
Pakistan	250
Other locations of study in Asia	1,050
Oceania	860
Australia	730
New Zealand	110
Other locations of study in Oceania	25
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	213,475
In the labour force	137,320
Employed	124,155
Unemployed	13,165
Not in the labour force	76,160
Participation rate	64.3
Employment rate	58.2
Unemployment rate	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	213,480
Did not work¹⁸⁶	78,775
Worked	134,700
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	70,995
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	63,710
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	137,320
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,600
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	133,720
Employee	113,360
Permanent position	93,825
Temporary position	19,535
Fixed term (1 year or more)	7,775
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	11,765
Self-employed¹⁹²	20,350
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	137,320
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,600
All occupations¹⁹¹	133,720
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,210
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	27,230
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	17,890
3 Health occupations	9,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	13,785
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,515
6 Sales and service occupations	34,510
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	18,640
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,025
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,755
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	137,320
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,600
All industries¹⁹¹	133,720
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	465
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	275
22 Utilities	1,030
23 Construction	9,805
31-33 Manufacturing	7,330
41 Wholesale trade	5,180
44-45 Retail trade	15,230
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	6,455
51 Information and cultural industries	6,345
52 Finance and insurance	6,960
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	3,835
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	17,000
55 Management of companies and enterprises	390
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,670
61 Educational services	9,895
62 Health care and social assistance	14,725
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,605
72 Accommodation and food services	9,335
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,830
91 Public administration	5,360
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	146,375
English	125,485
French	110
Non-official language	5,085
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	5,085
English and French	780
English and non-official language(s)	14,310
French and non-official language(s)	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	135
Multiple non-official languages	465
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	146,375
Single responses	142,910
Official languages	133,880
English	133,665
French	215
Non-official languages	9,030
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,025
Afro-Asiatic languages	45
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	45
Amharic	0
Arabic	25
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	210
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	210
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	95
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	950
Albanian	0
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	120
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	120
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	75
Serbo-Croatian	35
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	10
Frisian	0
High German languages	10
German	10
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	410
Indo-Aryan languages	195
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	35
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	220
Kurdish	10
Pashto	0
Persian languages	210
Dari	45
Iranian Persian	145
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	375
Catalan	0
Italian	20
Portuguese	80
Romanian	0
Spanish	270
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	175
Korean	870
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	45
American Sign Language	45
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,625
Chinese languages	6,625
Hakka	0
Mandarin	4,020
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,525
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	3,465
English and French	115
English and non-official language(s)	3,265
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	85
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	146,375
None	133,460
English	3,125
French	605
Non-official language	7,130
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	7,125
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	540
French and non-official language(s)	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,425
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	124,155
Worked at home	36,340
Worked outside Canada	875
No fixed workplace address	16,145
Usual place of work	70,790
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	70,790
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,685
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	43,300
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	575
Commute to a different province or territory	220
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	86,940
Car, truck or van	61,745
Car, truck or van - as a driver	56,400
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,345
Public transit	18,735
Walked	4,090
Bicycle	790
Other method	1,575
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	86,940
Less than 15 minutes	14,165
15 to 29 minutes	30,030
30 to 44 minutes	27,530
45 to 59 minutes	8,830
60 minutes and over	6,385
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	86,940
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,430
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,615
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	19,200
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	19,895
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	18,470
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	12,320
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	39,425
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,870
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	37,560
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	28,125
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,450
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	870
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	580
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,675

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 13, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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