Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Central Okanagan, Regional district (RD)More information: British Columbia [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	222,162	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	194,892^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	14.0	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	102,097	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	94,335	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	76.5	...	...	76.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,902.45	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	222,165	108,530	113,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	30,610	15,615	15,000	13.8	14.4	13.2
0 to 4 years	8,985	4,590	4,390	4.0	4.2	3.9
5 to 9 years	10,520	5,375	5,145	4.7	5.0	4.5
10 to 14 years	11,110	5,645	5,465	5.0	5.2	4.8
15 to 64 years	141,395	69,680	71,710	63.6	64.2	63.1
15 to 19 years	11,080	5,680	5,395	5.0	5.2	4.7
20 to 24 years	13,605	7,015	6,585	6.1	6.5	5.8
25 to 29 years	14,435	7,295	7,140	6.5	6.7	6.3
30 to 34 years	14,715	7,345	7,370	6.6	6.8	6.5
35 to 39 years	14,765	7,355	7,415	6.6	6.8	6.5
40 to 44 years	13,180	6,490	6,695	5.9	6.0	5.9
45 to 49 years	12,865	6,430	6,435	5.8	5.9	5.7
50 to 54 years	13,620	6,570	7,050	6.1	6.1	6.2
55 to 59 years	16,125	7,500	8,620	7.3	6.9	7.6
60 to 64 years	17,005	8,005	9,000	7.7	7.4	7.9
65 years and over	50,160	23,235	26,925	22.6	21.4	23.7
65 to 69 years	15,055	7,090	7,960	6.8	6.5	7.0
70 to 74 years	13,110	6,290	6,825	5.9	5.8	6.0
75 to 79 years	9,060	4,315	4,750	4.1	4.0	4.2
80 to 84 years	6,405	2,945	3,455	2.9	2.7	3.0
85 years and over	6,525	2,595	3,930	2.9	2.4	3.5
85 to 89 years	4,000	1,720	2,280	1.8	1.6	2.0
90 to 94 years	1,945	725	1,215	0.9	0.7	1.1
95 to 99 years	490	130	365	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	90	15	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.8	14.4	13.2	13.8	14.4	13.2
15 to 64 years	63.6	64.2	63.1	63.6	64.2	63.1
65 years and over	22.6	21.4	23.7	22.6	21.4	23.7
85 years and over	2.9	2.4	3.5	2.9	2.4	3.5
Average age of the population	44.2	43.3	45.2	44.2	43.3	45.2
Median age of the population	44.4	42.8	46.0	44.4	42.8	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	46,340	...	...	49.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,605	...	...	4.9	...	...
Row house	5,960	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,045	...	...	9.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	21,395	...	...	22.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,590	...	...	2.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	170	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	4,235	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	26,830	...	...	28.4	...	...
2 persons	37,700	...	...	40.0	...	...
3 persons	12,545	...	...	13.3	...	...
4 persons	10,975	...	...	11.6	...	...
5 or more persons	6,280	...	...	6.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	218,525	106,905	111,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	191,550	92,915	98,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	112,825	56,455	56,370	58.9	60.8	57.2
Married	91,060	45,540	45,525	47.5	49.0	46.2
Living common-law	21,760	10,920	10,840	11.4	11.8	11.0
Living common law - Never married	15,165	7,650	7,515	7.9	8.2	7.6
Living common law - Separated	915	465	450	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	5,050	2,540	2,510	2.6	2.7	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	635	265	370	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	78,730	36,460	42,265	41.1	39.2	42.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	48,920	26,765	22,150	25.5	28.8	22.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5,035	2,080	2,960	2.6	2.2	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	13,995	5,295	8,700	7.3	5.7	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,770	2,320	8,455	5.6	2.5	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	63,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	38,490	...	...	60.3	...	...
3 persons	11,390	...	...	17.9	...	...
4 persons	10,205	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,715	...	...	5.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	63,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	55,235	...	...	86.6	...	...
Married couples	44,360	...	...	69.5	...	...
With children⁶	19,130	...	...	30.0	...	...
Without children	25,230	...	...	39.5	...	...
Common-law couples	10,875	...	...	17.0	...	...
With children⁶	3,135	...	...	4.9	...	...
Without children	7,740	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,560	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,495	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,070	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	218,530	106,900	111,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	171,735	85,145	86,590	78.6	79.6	77.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	110,475	55,265	55,210	50.6	51.7	49.5
Parents in one-parent families	8,565	2,065	6,495	3.9	1.9	5.8
Children⁶	52,700	27,815	24,885	24.1	26.0	22.3
In a two-parent family	40,170	21,105	19,065	18.4	19.7	17.1
In a one-parent family	12,530	6,705	5,820	5.7	6.3	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	46,795	21,760	25,040	21.4	20.4	22.4
Living alone	26,835	11,230	15,600	12.3	10.5	14.0
Living with other relatives⁷	4,905	2,180	2,725	2.2	2.0	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	15,055	8,345	6,710	6.9	7.8	6.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	55,015	...	...	58.3	...	...
Couple-family households	48,485	...	...	51.4	...	...
With children⁶	19,235	...	...	20.4	...	...
Without children	29,250	...	...	31.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,530	...	...	6.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,205	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	795	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,800	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,690	...	...	6.0	...	...
One-person households	26,830	...	...	28.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	187,950	91,305	96,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	183,630	89,190	94,440	97.7	97.7	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,000	36,800	41,600	48,000	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	183,820	89,310	94,515	97.8	97.8	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,200	34,000	38,000	43,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	168,530	82,695	85,835	89.7	90.6	88.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	43,200	27,800	34,800	43,200	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,265	65,505	63,760	68.8	71.7	66.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	43,200	29,400	35,600	43,200	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	152,720	70,260	82,465	81.3	77.0	85.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,900	11,400	10,700	9,900	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,650	8,430	9,220	9.4	9.2	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,120	22,790	26,325	26.1	25.0	27.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	187,970	91,365	96,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	183,655	89,225	94,425	97.7	97.7	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,950	64,000	46,320	54,950	64,000	46,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	183,865	89,360	94,505	97.8	97.8	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160	52,600	40,080	46,160	52,600	40,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	168,485	82,725	85,755	89.6	90.5	88.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,640	59,950	39,680	49,640	59,950	39,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,265	65,415	63,850	68.8	71.6	66.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	56,400	38,640	47,600	56,400	38,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	152,805	70,395	82,410	81.3	77.0	85.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	10,730	11,780	11,300	10,730	11,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,455	8,480	8,980	9.3	9.3	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,530	6,290	6,770	6,530	6,290	6,770
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,810	22,695	26,120	26.0	24.8	27.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630	8,410	8,820	8,630	8,410	8,820
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	187,965	91,365	96,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	56,970	31,930	25,045	30.3	34.9	25.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	67,000	55,200	61,600	67,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,100	81,100	62,900	73,100	81,100	62,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	55,440	25,290	30,145	29.5	27.7	31.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,400	17,400	18,800	21,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,840	35,880	24,760	29,840	35,880	24,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.8	86.8	77.8	82.8	86.8	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.0	64.6	56.4	61.0	64.6	56.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.1	13.2	22.2	17.1	13.2	22.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.1	6.7	5.2	4.1	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.3	5.3	4.2	3.3	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	187,945	91,310	96,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,315	2,120	2,200	2.3	2.3	2.3
With total income	183,630	89,195	94,440	97.7	97.7	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,860	6,005	7,850	7.5	6.7	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	20,960	8,405	12,555	11.4	9.4	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	28,835	11,900	16,930	15.7	13.3	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	24,570	10,375	14,200	13.4	11.6	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	21,275	9,550	11,730	11.6	10.7	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	17,455	8,395	9,065	9.5	9.4	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	13,265	7,120	6,145	7.2	8.0	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	10,190	5,845	4,345	5.5	6.6	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	7,780	4,570	3,210	4.2	5.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	5,855	3,560	2,290	3.2	4.0	2.4
$100,000 and over	19,590	13,480	6,115	10.7	15.1	6.5
$100,000 to $149,999	12,380	8,150	4,235	6.7	9.1	4.5
$150,000 and over	7,210	5,325	1,880	3.9	6.0	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	187,945	91,310	96,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,125	1,995	2,125	2.2	2.2	2.2
With after-tax income	183,825	89,310	94,510	97.8	97.8	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,870	6,370	8,495	8.1	7.1	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	21,810	8,760	13,055	11.9	9.8	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	32,580	13,505	19,070	17.7	15.1	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	28,240	12,265	15,970	15.4	13.7	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	24,200	11,265	12,930	13.2	12.6	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	18,125	9,540	8,580	9.9	10.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	12,970	7,420	5,550	7.1	8.3	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	9,160	5,430	3,725	5.0	6.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	6,355	3,880	2,475	3.5	4.3	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	4,065	2,660	1,400	2.2	3.0	1.5
$100,000 and over	11,455	8,205	3,250	6.2	9.2	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	5,365	3,685	1,680	2.9	4.1	1.8
$125,000 and over	6,090	4,525	1,570	3.3	5.1	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	187,945	91,310	96,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	58,680	25,805	32,875	31.2	28.3	34.0
With employment income	129,270	65,505	63,765	68.8	71.7	66.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	18,660	8,695	9,960	14.4	13.3	15.6
$5,000 to $9,999	10,465	4,465	6,000	8.1	6.8	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	15,990	6,840	9,150	12.4	10.4	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,840	5,675	7,165	9.9	8.7	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	11,855	5,385	6,470	9.2	8.2	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	11,570	5,405	6,165	9.0	8.3	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,310	5,150	5,160	8.0	7.9	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	8,345	4,690	3,660	6.5	7.2	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	6,635	3,945	2,690	5.1	6.0	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	5,320	3,185	2,130	4.1	4.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	4,235	2,655	1,580	3.3	4.1	2.5
$100,000 and over	13,045	9,415	3,625	10.1	14.4	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	5,990	3,975	2,010	4.6	6.1	3.2
$125,000 and over	7,055	5,435	1,620	5.5	8.3	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	187,950	91,305	96,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	179,425	86,915	92,505	95.5	95.2	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,200	33,600	39,600	47,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	179,735	86,985	92,745	95.6	95.3	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,600	30,600	35,600	41,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	167,040	81,805	85,230	88.9	89.6	88.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	44,400	29,200	35,600	44,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	133,870	67,350	66,520	71.2	73.8	68.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,800	29,200	34,800	42,800	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	124,080	53,800	70,280	66.0	58.9	72.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	7,450	7,650	7,600	7,450	7,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	13,000	6,165	6,830	6.9	6.8	7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,280	5,560	5,440	5,280	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	187,970	91,365	96,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	179,630	87,065	92,565	95.6	95.3	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600	63,900	43,840	53,600	63,900	43,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	179,940	87,140	92,805	95.7	95.4	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,900	37,360	44,400	51,900	37,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,260	81,970	85,290	89.0	89.7	88.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,920	62,100	40,160	50,920	62,100	40,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	133,825	67,175	66,650	71.2	73.5	69.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,720	56,250	37,120	46,720	56,250	37,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	123,565	53,330	70,235	65.7	58.4	72.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,970	8,930	9,000	8,970	8,930	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,145	6,260	6,890	7.0	6.9	7.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,345	7,530	6,970	6,345	7,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	187,965	91,365	96,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	56,470	31,580	24,890	30.0	34.6	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	64,000	50,800	57,600	64,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800	77,700	57,600	68,800	77,700	57,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	53,015	24,040	28,975	28.2	26.3	30.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	27,600	21,400	24,000	27,600	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	43,520	28,320	35,200	43,520	28,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.4	91.4	84.4	88.4	91.4	84.4
Employment income (%)	65.0	68.0	61.0	65.0	68.0	61.0
Government transfers (%)	11.5	8.6	15.6	11.5	8.6	15.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	94,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	26,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	67,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	94,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...	106,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	26,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,950	...	...	52,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,000	...	...	45,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	67,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,400	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,015	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	490	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	805	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,695	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,600	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,025	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,965	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,590	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,565	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,515	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,970	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,725	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,455	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,955	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,465	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	38,495	...	...	40.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10,985	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,320	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	9,900	...	...	10.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	9,290	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,210	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	505	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	830	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,795	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,785	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,520	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,430	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,065	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,150	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,985	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,085	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,850	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,335	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,535	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,670	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	31,590	...	...	33.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,425	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,615	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	12,550	...	...	13.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	63,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	30,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	22,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	41,885	19,580	22,315	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,000	36,800	38,000	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,400	34,000	35,200	36,400	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	63,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,200	...	...	107,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,700	...	...	115,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,700	...	...	96,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,200	...	...	162,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,900	...	...	72,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	41,690	19,435	22,255	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,880	50,080	46,000	47,880	50,080	46,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,240	42,440	40,200	41,240	42,440	40,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	218,525	106,905	111,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	37,105	18,915	18,190	17.0	17.7	16.3
0 to 5 years	11,010	5,625	5,380	5.0	5.3	4.8
18 to 64 years	133,885	65,730	68,155	61.3	61.5	61.1
65 years and over	47,540	22,265	25,280	21.8	20.8	22.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	20,750	9,465	11,285	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,670	1,865	1,805	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,060	550	510	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,440	5,530	5,905	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,635	2,065	3,570	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.5	8.9	10.1	9.5	8.9	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.9	9.9	9.9	9.9	9.9	9.9
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	9.8	9.5	9.6	9.8	9.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.4	8.7	8.6	8.4	8.7
65 years and over (%)	11.9	9.3	14.1	11.9	9.3	14.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	206,020	101,020	105,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	35,670	18,180	17,495	17.3	18.0	16.7
0 to 5 years	10,570	5,390	5,190	5.1	5.3	4.9
18 to 64 years	127,150	62,585	64,570	61.7	62.0	61.5
65 years and over	43,200	20,260	22,945	21.0	20.1	21.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,745	4,555	4,190	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,370	685	680	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	330	160	175	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,620	3,520	3,100	...	...	...
65 years and over	755	350	405	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	4.5	4.0	4.2	4.5	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.0	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.6	4.8	5.2	5.6	4.8
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	218,525	106,905	111,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	103,420	49,020	54,405	47.3	45.9	48.7
In bottom decile	20,775	9,950	10,825	9.5	9.3	9.7
In second decile	20,490	9,225	11,265	9.4	8.6	10.1
In third decile	20,355	9,620	10,735	9.3	9.0	9.6
In fourth decile	20,410	9,775	10,640	9.3	9.1	9.5
In fifth decile	21,385	10,450	10,940	9.8	9.8	9.8
In top half of the distribution	115,105	57,890	57,220	52.7	54.2	51.3
In sixth decile	21,765	10,765	11,000	10.0	10.1	9.9
In seventh decile	22,200	11,025	11,175	10.2	10.3	10.0
In eighth decile	23,125	11,640	11,490	10.6	10.9	10.3
In ninth decile	23,250	11,720	11,530	10.6	11.0	10.3
In top decile	24,765	12,735	12,030	11.3	11.9	10.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	218,530	...	...	218,530	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.336	...	...	0.336	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.439	...	...	0.439	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.296	...	...	0.296	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	219,840	107,530	112,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	203,305	100,045	103,255	92.5	93.0	91.9
French only	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	15,100	6,820	8,275	6.9	6.3	7.4
Neither English nor French	1,380	635	745	0.6	0.6	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	219,840	107,530	112,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	215,125	105,320	109,810	97.9	97.9	97.8
French	2,985	1,415	1,570	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	400	190	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	1,325	605	725	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	219,840	107,530	112,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	215,515	105,455	110,060	98.0	98.1	98.0
Official languages	189,205	93,170	96,035	86.1	86.6	85.5
English	185,990	91,665	94,330	84.6	85.2	84.0
French	3,215	1,505	1,710	1.5	1.4	1.5
Non-official languages	26,305	12,280	14,020	12.0	11.4	12.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,250	12,260	13,990	11.9	11.4	12.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	745	415	330	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	725	395	325	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	620	350	270	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	455	180	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	430	175	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,810	705	1,105	0.8	0.7	1.0
Bikol	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	110	45	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,430	550	880	0.7	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	115	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,630	8,935	9,700	8.5	8.3	8.6
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,715	1,660	2,055	1.7	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,670	1,640	2,030	1.7	1.5	1.8
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	355	170	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	805	355	450	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	980	430	555	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	560	280	280	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	275	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	205	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	675	280	395	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	6,135	2,840	3,300	2.8	2.6	2.9
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,570	2,075	2,490	2.1	1.9	2.2
German	4,410	2,005	2,410	2.0	1.9	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,280	640	640	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	240	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	915	445	465	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	100	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	285	125	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,085	2,620	2,465	2.3	2.4	2.2
Indo-Aryan languages	4,480	2,295	2,185	2.0	2.1	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	390	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,540	1,775	1,765	1.6	1.7	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	605	320	280	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	565	300	260	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	465	250	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,490	1,705	1,780	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	845	420	425	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	650	305	340	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	320	170	155	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	1,655	800	855	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	455	135	315	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	660	300	365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,030	910	1,120	0.9	0.8	1.0
Chinese languages	2,015	900	1,115	0.9	0.8	1.0
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,240	555	690	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	665	295	365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	30	100	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	805	365	440	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	635	290	345	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,325	2,075	2,250	2.0	1.9	2.0
English and French	835	415	425	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	3,035	1,455	1,575	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	320	140	185	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	219,840	107,530	112,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	194,225	95,445	98,780	88.3	88.8	88.0
French	485	230	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	5,290	2,605	2,690	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,285	2,600	2,680	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	2,055	945	1,110	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	16,830	7,850	8,980	7.7	7.3	8.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	530	245	285	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	410	200	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	219,840	107,530	112,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	216,360	105,895	110,470	98.4	98.5	98.4
Official languages	205,540	100,580	104,955	93.5	93.5	93.5
English	204,845	100,255	104,590	93.2	93.2	93.1
French	700	325	370	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	10,825	5,310	5,510	4.9	4.9	4.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,810	5,310	5,505	4.9	4.9	4.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	455	230	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	445	230	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	415	215	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	110	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	245	105	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	870	395	475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	740	340	400	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,860	3,420	3,440	3.1	3.2	3.1
Albanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,020	480	540	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,000	470	530	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	245	110	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	355	170	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,060	520	545	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	805	390	410	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	775	380	395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,390	1,725	1,665	1.5	1.6	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	3,090	1,560	1,530	1.4	1.5	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	195	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,595	1,295	1,305	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	300	160	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	285	155	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	235	125	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,325	670	650	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	265	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	770	395	370	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	460	215	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,220	610	610	0.6	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	1,215	605	610	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	840	415	425	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	330	165	165	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	195	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,480	1,635	1,845	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	280	135	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,090	1,445	1,645	1.4	1.3	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	219,840	107,530	112,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	202,910	99,650	103,260	92.3	92.7	91.9
English	4,700	2,305	2,400	2.1	2.1	2.1
French	1,650	755	890	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	8,695	3,925	4,770	4.0	3.7	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	8,605	3,885	4,720	3.9	3.6	4.2
English and French	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	610	290	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	335	155	180	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	865	420	450	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	218,530	106,880	111,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	217,150	106,235	110,920	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	217,115	106,210	110,905	99.4	99.4	99.3
French	15,160	6,995	8,165	6.9	6.5	7.3
Non-official languages	36,685	17,090	19,600	16.8	16.0	17.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	250	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	85	60	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	36,450	16,970	19,480	16.7	15.9	17.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	995	550	440	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	975	535	440	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	790	440	355	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	630	290	340	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	595	280	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,465	930	1,535	1.1	0.9	1.4
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	160	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,255	825	1,430	1.0	0.8	1.3
Waray-Waray	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	220	110	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	320	185	135	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	160	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	60	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	26,590	12,525	14,065	12.2	11.7	12.6
Albanian	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,945	2,190	2,755	2.3	2.0	2.5
Baltic languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,895	2,165	2,725	2.2	2.0	2.4
Belarusian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	425	215	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,125	440	685	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	1,800	850	950	0.8	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	835	430	405	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	160	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	520	265	255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	290	155	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	930	365	565	0.4	0.3	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	8,640	4,075	4,570	4.0	3.8	4.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	6,535	3,070	3,465	3.0	2.9	3.1
German	6,445	3,045	3,400	2.9	2.8	3.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,860	965	895	0.9	0.9	0.8
Afrikaans	615	320	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	1,175	605	570	0.5	0.6	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	510	190	315	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	235	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	6,850	3,470	3,375	3.1	3.2	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages	6,045	3,040	3,000	2.8	2.8	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	195	120	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	2,175	1,125	1,055	1.0	1.1	0.9
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,735	2,330	2,400	2.2	2.2	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	390	205	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	815	440	375	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	790	425	360	0.4	0.4	0.3
Dari	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	640	355	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,255	3,290	3,965	3.3	3.1	3.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,465	635	830	0.7	0.6	0.7
Portuguese	960	450	510	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	405	205	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	4,930	2,185	2,745	2.3	2.0	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	920	415	510	0.4	0.4	0.5
Korean	810	380	435	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	320	170	155	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	465	170	300	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	405	145	255	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,465	1,135	1,335	1.1	1.1	1.2
Chinese languages	2,425	1,115	1,315	1.1	1.0	1.2
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,780	845	935	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	930	390	540	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	225	70	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	215	70	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	880	440	440	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	655	345	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	218,530	106,885	111,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,420	6,380	7,035	6.1	6.0	6.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	12,840	6,105	6,735	5.9	5.7	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,075	2,845	3,235	2.8	2.7	2.9
Métis	6,690	3,225	3,465	3.1	3.0	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	380	185	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	205,105	100,495	104,610	93.9	94.0	93.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	218,530	106,885	111,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,000	1,825	2,175	1.8	1.7	1.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	214,530	105,060	109,475	98.2	98.3	98.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	66,725	...	...	70.7	...	...
Renter	27,505	...	...	29.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	105	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	22,110	...	...	23.4	...	...
Not condominium	72,230	...	...	76.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	870	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	10,745	...	...	11.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	29,770	...	...	31.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	24,750	...	...	26.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	28,205	...	...	29.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	28,130	...	...	29.8	...	...
5 rooms	13,855	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	12,045	...	...	12.8	...	...
7 rooms	10,865	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	29,435	...	...	31.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	93,275	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	1,060	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	91,150	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	3,185	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,005	...	...	5.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	23,015	...	...	24.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	12,975	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	17,470	...	...	18.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	7,675	...	...	8.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	10,485	...	...	11.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,485	...	...	6.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	11,220	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	90,620	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,715	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	44,015	...	...	46.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	44,695	...	...	47.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,625	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,585	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	12,550	...	...	13.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	14,780	...	...	15.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	14,755	...	...	15.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	18,990	...	...	20.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	16,420	...	...	17.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	9,530	...	...	10.1	...	...
85 years and over	3,720	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	87,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	65,010	...	...	74.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	22,345	...	...	25.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	19,750	...	...	22.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	94,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	27,395	...	...	29.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	20,690	...	...	21.9	...	...
Not suitable only	2,415	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,470	...	...	2.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	575	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,050	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	66,935	...	...	71.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	84,760	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	7,205	...	...	8.5	...	...
Not in core need	77,550	...	...	91.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	61,135	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.7	...	...	58.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	17.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,618	...	...	1,618	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	750,000	...	...	750,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	810,000	...	...	810,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,480	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.7	...	...	43.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	1,450	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,546	...	...	1,546	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	680	...	...	680	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	218,525	106,880	111,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,690	1,615	2,075	1.7	1.5	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,600	1,590	2,015	1.6	1.5	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,390	1,080	1,305	1.1	1.0	1.2
Métis single ancestry	1,185	490	695	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10,465	5,185	5,280	4.8	4.9	4.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,115	4,990	5,130	4.6	4.7	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,870	2,875	2,995	2.7	2.7	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,215	2,095	2,115	1.9	2.0	1.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	345	200	150	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	185	135	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	204,370	100,085	104,290	93.5	93.6	93.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	218,525	106,880	111,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	205,200	100,385	104,810	93.9	93.9	93.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	35,620	18,130	17,485	16.3	17.0	15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	169,580	82,250	87,325	77.6	77.0	78.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	13,330	6,500	6,835	6.1	6.1	6.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	218,525	106,880	111,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	182,660	89,820	92,850	83.6	84.0	83.2
Immigrants⁸¹	31,575	14,830	16,745	14.4	13.9	15.0
Before 1980	10,415	4,895	5,520	4.8	4.6	4.9
1980 to 1990	3,545	1,635	1,905	1.6	1.5	1.7
1991 to 2000	4,175	1,865	2,310	1.9	1.7	2.1
2001 to 2010	5,850	2,780	3,070	2.7	2.6	2.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,595	3,655	3,940	3.5	3.4	3.5
2011 to 2015	3,295	1,545	1,755	1.5	1.4	1.6
2016 to 2021	4,300	2,110	2,190	2.0	2.0	2.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,290	2,235	2,055	2.0	2.1	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	31,575	14,830	16,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,585	1,850	1,730	11.4	12.5	10.3
5 to 14 years	5,640	2,815	2,820	17.9	19.0	16.8
15 to 24 years	6,590	3,045	3,545	20.9	20.5	21.2
25 to 44 years	13,160	5,900	7,260	41.7	39.8	43.4
45 years and over	2,605	1,210	1,390	8.3	8.2	8.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	31,575	14,830	16,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,275	1,770	2,505	13.5	11.9	15.0
Brazil	210	95	115	0.7	0.6	0.7
Colombia	175	60	110	0.6	0.4	0.7
El Salvador	110	70	45	0.3	0.5	0.3
Guyana	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	435	230	200	1.4	1.6	1.2
Mexico	395	145	250	1.3	1.0	1.5
Peru	75	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
United States of America	2,215	880	1,335	7.0	5.9	8.0
Other places of birth in Americas	555	210	345	1.8	1.4	2.1
Europe	15,375	7,515	7,865	48.7	50.7	47.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	175	100	80	0.6	0.7	0.5
Croatia	310	155	155	1.0	1.0	0.9
France	230	90	135	0.7	0.6	0.8
Germany	2,665	1,275	1,385	8.4	8.6	8.3
Greece	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	370	190	180	1.2	1.3	1.1
Italy	580	280	300	1.8	1.9	1.8
Netherlands	875	465	405	2.8	3.1	2.4
Poland	940	370	575	3.0	2.5	3.4
Portugal	235	90	145	0.7	0.6	0.9
Romania	310	140	170	1.0	0.9	1.0
Russian Federation	455	205	250	1.4	1.4	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	135	60	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	375	185	190	1.2	1.2	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	5,500	2,850	2,650	17.4	19.2	15.8
Other places of birth in Europe	2,175	1,020	1,150	6.9	6.9	6.9
Africa	1,360	715	640	4.3	4.8	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	65	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	770	380	385	2.4	2.6	2.3
Other places of birth in Africa	440	240	200	1.4	1.6	1.2
Asia	9,750	4,385	5,365	30.9	29.6	32.0
Afghanistan	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	430	230	195	1.4	1.6	1.2
Iraq	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	110	70	40	0.3	0.5	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	290	145	145	0.9	1.0	0.9
Turkey	75	40	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,125	485	640	3.6	3.3	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	235	85	150	0.7	0.6	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	510	235	275	1.6	1.6	1.6
Taiwan	130	60	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Philippines	2,010	725	1,280	6.4	4.9	7.6
Viet Nam	415	185	230	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bangladesh	105	60	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
India	2,745	1,365	1,380	8.7	9.2	8.2
Pakistan	230	115	115	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sri Lanka	50	20	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,210	500	715	3.8	3.4	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	810	445	365	2.6	3.0	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,295	2,110	2,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	855	410	445	19.9	19.4	20.4
Brazil	90	50	40	2.1	2.4	1.8
Colombia	50	20	25	1.2	0.9	1.1
Haiti	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	200	100	100	4.7	4.7	4.6
Mexico	100	55	50	2.3	2.6	2.3
United States of America	315	155	160	7.3	7.3	7.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	70	25	45	1.6	1.2	2.1
Europe	830	460	375	19.3	21.8	17.2
France	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Germany	55	35	20	1.3	1.7	0.9
Ireland⁹⁶	60	35	20	1.4	1.7	0.9
Italy	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	75	25	50	1.7	1.2	2.3
Ukraine	90	60	30	2.1	2.8	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	315	185	130	7.3	8.8	5.9
Other places of birth in Europe	200	90	110	4.7	4.3	5.0
Africa	145	75	70	3.4	3.6	3.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	35	30	1.4	1.7	1.4
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	25	25	1.2	1.2	1.1
Asia	2,290	1,060	1,230	53.3	50.2	56.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	25	10	10	0.6	0.5	0.5
China⁹⁰	260	115	145	6.1	5.5	6.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	20	0.6	0.5	0.9
India	575	285	285	13.4	13.5	13.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	15	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Japan	35	0	30	0.8	0.0	1.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	140	55	85	3.3	2.6	3.9
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.9
Nepal	20	10	0	0.5	0.5	0.0
Pakistan	65	30	35	1.5	1.4	1.6
Philippines	615	300	320	14.3	14.2	14.6
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	240	115	120	5.6	5.5	5.5
Turkey	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
United Arab Emirates	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	60	20	35	1.4	0.9	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	105	35	70	2.4	1.7	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	175	105	65	4.1	5.0	3.0
Australia	130	80	55	3.0	3.8	2.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	40	30	10	0.9	1.4	0.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	218,530	106,880	111,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	38,670	18,375	20,290	17.7	17.2	18.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	41,440	20,370	21,065	19.0	19.1	18.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	138,420	68,135	70,290	63.3	63.7	63.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	21,160	9,940	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	11,830	5,895	5,940	55.9	59.3	52.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,800	2,960	1,850	22.7	29.8	16.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,025	2,940	4,090	33.2	29.6	36.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,130	2,970	4,160	33.7	29.9	37.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,110	1,035	1,075	10.0	10.4	9.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	95	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	21,160	9,940	11,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	350	220	130	1.7	2.2	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,200	1,890	2,305	19.8	19.0	20.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	885	450	430	4.2	4.5	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,335	635	705	6.3	6.4	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	145	50	90	0.7	0.5	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,245	6,690	7,560	67.3	67.3	67.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	218,530	106,885	111,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	24,435	11,600	12,835	11.2	10.9	11.5
South Asian	7,425	3,730	3,695	3.4	3.5	3.3
Chinese	3,340	1,550	1,795	1.5	1.5	1.6
Black	2,395	1,240	1,155	1.1	1.2	1.0
Filipino	2,985	1,215	1,765	1.4	1.1	1.6
Arab	670	375	300	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	1,790	810	985	0.8	0.8	0.9
Southeast Asian	1,215	510	700	0.6	0.5	0.6
West Asian	825	435	390	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korean	885	440	455	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	1,645	685	960	0.8	0.6	0.9
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	460	250	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	790	370	425	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	194,095	95,280	98,815	88.8	89.1	88.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	218,525	106,880	111,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	27,710	13,985	13,720	12.7	13.1	12.3
English	58,600	28,275	30,325	26.8	26.5	27.2
Irish	35,930	16,680	19,250	16.4	15.6	17.2
Scottish	43,410	20,965	22,445	19.9	19.6	20.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,035	9,645	10,390	9.2	9.0	9.3
German	42,245	20,805	21,440	19.3	19.5	19.2
Chinese	3,650	1,650	2,000	1.7	1.5	1.8
Italian	8,965	4,315	4,640	4.1	4.0	4.2
Indian (India)	4,665	2,360	2,305	2.1	2.2	2.1
Ukrainian	17,065	8,340	8,730	7.8	7.8	7.8
Dutch	10,565	5,300	5,265	4.8	5.0	4.7
Polish	9,575	4,530	5,040	4.4	4.2	4.5
Québécois	320	155	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	10,255	4,885	5,365	4.7	4.6	4.8
Filipino	2,815	1,170	1,645	1.3	1.1	1.5
French Canadian	2,300	1,145	1,155	1.1	1.1	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,960	2,040	1,920	1.8	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,235	1,940	2,295	1.9	1.8	2.1
Métis	5,805	2,800	3,010	2.7	2.6	2.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	5,470	2,640	2,825	2.5	2.5	2.5
Russian	8,225	4,040	4,185	3.8	3.8	3.7
Norwegian	8,040	3,895	4,150	3.7	3.6	3.7
Welsh	5,530	2,620	2,905	2.5	2.5	2.6
Portuguese	1,620	810	810	0.7	0.8	0.7
American	3,880	1,900	1,980	1.8	1.8	1.8
Spanish	1,655	735	920	0.8	0.7	0.8
Swedish	6,105	2,785	3,315	2.8	2.6	3.0
Hungarian	3,665	1,855	1,810	1.7	1.7	1.6
Acadian	310	145	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	355	195	155	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	705	350	360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	1,225	650	575	0.6	0.6	0.5
Punjabi	1,420	685	735	0.6	0.6	0.7
Vietnamese	750	330	420	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	260	150	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	980	445	535	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jamaican	720	360	370	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	575	250	330	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,185	640	545	0.5	0.6	0.5
Korean	915	440	475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	1,860	950	905	0.9	0.9	0.8
Lebanese	555	285	270	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian	570	300	270	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	510	240	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,815	1,355	1,460	1.3	1.3	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,040	535	500	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	1,095	560	540	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austrian	3,335	1,635	1,700	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgian	1,280	560	715	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	350	180	165	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	955	490	470	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mennonite	1,185	595	595	0.5	0.6	0.5
Swiss	1,720	865	855	0.8	0.8	0.8
Finnish	1,730	815	915	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sri Lankan	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	1,235	565	670	0.6	0.5	0.6
Japanese	1,955	875	1,080	0.9	0.8	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	190	60	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,745	900	845	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	110	80	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	325	130	200	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,395	660	740	0.6	0.6	0.7
Colombian	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,465	675	790	0.7	0.6	0.7
Syrian	450	225	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	430	220	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	300	155	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	205	80	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	305	185	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	105	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	425	185	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	85	55	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	695	360	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	560	250	310	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	190	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	95	55	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	230	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	770	400	365	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australian	1,005	520	485	0.5	0.5	0.4
Palestinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	210	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	110	45	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	115	40	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	180	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	470	200	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	335	195	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	480	180	300	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	285	125	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	90	60	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	320	140	180	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	250	100	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	60	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	230	95	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	215	125	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	265	140	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	880	420	460	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	185	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	100	55	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	205	65	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	90	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	270	145	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	105	30	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	75	15	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	185	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	75	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	218,530	106,885	111,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,150	490	660	0.5	0.5	0.6
Christian	88,190	39,615	48,580	40.4	37.1	43.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	22,995	10,790	12,205	10.5	10.1	10.9
Anabaptist	1,210	570	640	0.6	0.5	0.6
Anglican	6,905	3,005	3,900	3.2	2.8	3.5
Baptist	4,125	1,830	2,295	1.9	1.7	2.1
Catholic	26,940	12,080	14,860	12.3	11.3	13.3
Christian Orthodox	1,510	745	760	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	1,685	735	945	0.8	0.7	0.8
Latter Day Saints	730	330	400	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	4,010	1,725	2,280	1.8	1.6	2.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	295	110	190	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,140	965	1,180	1.0	0.9	1.1
Presbyterian	1,175	505	670	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	225	115	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	8,675	3,640	5,035	4.0	3.4	4.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,580	2,475	3,105	2.6	2.3	2.8
Hindu	1,275	670	605	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	725	370	350	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	1,760	970	790	0.8	0.9	0.7
Sikh	4,200	2,050	2,155	1.9	1.9	1.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,100	820	1,275	1.0	0.8	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	118,945	61,795	57,145	54.4	57.8	51.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	216,960	106,070	110,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	180,600	88,195	92,400	83.2	83.1	83.3
Movers	36,355	17,880	18,480	16.8	16.9	16.7
Non-migrants	20,215	9,930	10,285	9.3	9.4	9.3
Migrants	16,145	7,950	8,195	7.4	7.5	7.4
Internal migrants	14,590	7,140	7,450	6.7	6.7	6.7
Intraprovincial migrants	8,670	4,150	4,520	4.0	3.9	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	5,915	2,990	2,925	2.7	2.8	2.6
External migrants	1,555	805	750	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	209,560	102,255	107,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	105,495	51,425	54,075	50.3	50.3	50.4
Movers	104,065	50,835	53,230	49.7	49.7	49.6
Non-migrants	39,160	19,055	20,100	18.7	18.6	18.7
Migrants	64,905	31,780	33,130	31.0	31.1	30.9
Internal migrants	57,245	27,975	29,270	27.3	27.4	27.3
Intraprovincial migrants	37,285	17,990	19,290	17.8	17.6	18.0
Interprovincial migrants	19,955	9,980	9,980	9.5	9.8	9.3
External migrants	7,660	3,805	3,860	3.7	3.7	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	187,970	91,365	96,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,365	14,910	12,455	14.6	16.3	12.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	160,600	76,455	84,145	85.4	83.7	87.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,825	56,630	59,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,350	6,335	4,010	8.9	11.2	6.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	105,475	50,290	55,180	91.1	88.8	93.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	187,965	91,360	96,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,700	12,035	10,665	12.1	13.2	11.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	58,105	28,215	29,890	30.9	30.9	30.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	107,155	51,110	56,050	57.0	55.9	58.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65,005	32,220	32,785	34.6	35.3	33.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	18,050	13,745	4,310	9.6	15.0	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,590	3,620	2,965	3.5	4.0	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,465	10,120	1,340	6.1	11.1	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40,595	15,985	24,605	21.6	17.5	25.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,360	2,490	3,870	3.4	2.7	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,150	18,885	23,265	22.4	20.7	24.1
Bachelor's degree	27,785	12,035	15,750	14.8	13.2	16.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,905	1,165	1,735	1.5	1.3	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,345	860	490	0.7	0.9	0.5
Master's degree	8,555	3,910	4,650	4.6	4.3	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,555	920	635	0.8	1.0	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,825	56,630	59,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,025	4,980	3,045	6.9	8.8	5.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,285	16,060	15,225	27.0	28.4	25.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	76,515	35,585	40,925	66.1	62.8	69.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	44,690	22,195	22,495	38.6	39.2	38.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,180	9,385	2,800	10.5	16.6	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,355	2,415	1,940	3.8	4.3	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,830	6,965	860	6.8	12.3	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	28,380	11,155	17,225	24.5	19.7	29.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,130	1,660	2,470	3.6	2.9	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,825	13,395	18,430	27.5	23.7	31.1
Bachelor's degree	21,085	8,645	12,435	18.2	15.3	21.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,090	795	1,300	1.8	1.4	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,010	615	395	0.9	1.1	0.7
Master's degree	6,510	2,715	3,795	5.6	4.8	6.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,125	620	505	1.0	1.1	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	187,965	91,360	96,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	80,810	40,255	40,555	43.0	44.1	42.0
Education	7,815	1,900	5,915	4.2	2.1	6.1
13. Education	7,815	1,900	5,915	4.2	2.1	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,630	1,555	2,070	1.9	1.7	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	630	450	180	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	3,000	1,105	1,890	1.6	1.2	2.0
Humanities	4,580	1,820	2,765	2.4	2.0	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	365	75	290	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,120	380	735	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,370	435	935	0.7	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	10	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	315	220	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	710	420	285	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	480	240	235	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	160	30	130	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,170	3,250	6,920	5.4	3.6	7.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,040	335	705	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,600	105	1,495	0.9	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,910	565	1,345	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	70	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	2,335	640	1,700	1.2	0.7	1.8
45. Social sciences	2,975	1,490	1,485	1.6	1.6	1.5
Business, management and public administration	22,790	8,905	13,885	12.1	9.7	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,600	220	1,380	0.9	0.2	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	21,145	8,680	12,465	11.2	9.5	12.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,070	2,100	1,970	2.2	2.3	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,720	755	960	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,075	510	565	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	15	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,070	780	290	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	35	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,125	2,215	910	1.7	2.4	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,425	1,845	580	1.3	2.0	0.6
25. Library science	195	25	170	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	410	260	150	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	95	80	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	22,945	21,190	1,760	12.2	23.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	630	455	175	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	3,505	2,960	550	1.9	3.2	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,980	4,425	550	2.6	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	6,345	6,155	185	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,020	4,830	190	2.7	5.3	0.2
48. Precision production	2,465	2,350	115	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,595	1,365	1,230	1.4	1.5	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,680	780	900	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	915	590	330	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	19,065	3,725	15,335	10.1	4.1	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,590	770	820	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	16,905	2,610	14,295	9.0	2.9	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	510	340	175	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,350	3,080	3,275	3.4	3.4	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,355	1,355	3,005	2.3	1.5	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	655	475	180	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,290	1,205	90	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	115,825	56,630	59,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,310	21,040	18,270	33.9	37.2	30.9
Education	4,725	980	3,740	4.1	1.7	6.3
13. Education	4,725	980	3,740	4.1	1.7	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,695	1,110	1,580	2.3	2.0	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	390	280	110	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,300	830	1,470	2.0	1.5	2.5
Humanities	3,285	1,310	1,975	2.8	2.3	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	45	220	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	870	310	555	0.8	0.5	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	960	330	635	0.8	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	235	165	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	435	260	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	350	170	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	30	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,740	2,120	5,625	6.7	3.7	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	920	275	640	0.8	0.5	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,155	80	1,075	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,485	310	1,175	1.3	0.5	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,705	360	1,345	1.5	0.6	2.3
45. Social sciences	2,240	1,010	1,230	1.9	1.8	2.1
Business, management and public administration	16,335	6,210	10,125	14.1	11.0	17.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,230	160	1,070	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,065	6,055	9,015	13.0	10.7	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,785	1,360	1,430	2.4	2.4	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,230	535	695	1.1	0.9	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	690	305	385	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	0	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	735	495	235	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,495	1,860	630	2.2	3.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,050	1,625	430	1.8	2.9	0.7
25. Library science	105	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	265	155	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	60	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,020	14,650	1,370	13.8	25.9	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	455	310	145	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	2,595	2,130	465	2.2	3.8	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,445	3,020	425	3.0	5.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,605	4,455	150	4.0	7.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,345	3,235	110	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,565	1,495	70	1.4	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,915	935	980	1.7	1.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,195	510	685	1.0	0.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	720	425	290	0.6	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	13,960	2,860	11,100	12.1	5.1	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,220	575	645	1.1	1.0	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,330	2,050	10,290	10.6	3.6	17.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	365	235	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,535	2,180	2,355	3.9	3.8	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,125	965	2,160	2.7	1.7	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	440	315	130	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	955	890	65	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	115,825	56,630	59,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,310	21,040	18,270	33.9	37.2	30.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	76,510	35,590	40,920	66.1	62.8	69.1
Location of study inside Canada	65,730	30,655	35,075	56.7	54.1	59.3
Same as province or territory of residence	44,610	20,345	24,265	38.5	35.9	41.0
Different than province or territory of residence	21,120	10,320	10,805	18.2	18.2	18.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	10,780	4,930	5,850	9.3	8.7	9.9
Americas	2,995	1,360	1,640	2.6	2.4	2.8
United States of America	2,285	1,065	1,215	2.0	1.9	2.1
Mexico	205	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Brazil	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombia	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	3,220	1,595	1,625	2.8	2.8	2.7
Belgium	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	395	230	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungary	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	150	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,350	705	645	1.2	1.2	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	345	140	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	450	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	325	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	3,570	1,435	2,135	3.1	2.5	3.6
Iran⁸⁸	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	330	130	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	170	25	150	0.1	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	250	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	1,160	415	745	1.0	0.7	1.3
Viet Nam	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	895	420	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pakistan	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	195	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	545	305	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Australia	465	265	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
New Zealand	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	187,965	91,360	96,605	...	...	...
In the labour force	119,495	61,540	57,955	...	...	...
Employed	109,890	56,450	53,440	...	...	...
Unemployed	9,605	5,090	4,515	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	68,470	29,825	38,645	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.6	67.4	60.0	63.6	67.4	60.0
Employment rate	58.5	61.8	55.3	58.5	61.8	55.3
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.3	7.8	8.0	8.3	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	187,965	91,360	96,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	68,615	30,000	38,620	36.5	32.8	40.0
Worked	119,350	61,365	57,990	63.5	67.2	60.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	59,630	33,720	25,915	31.7	36.9	26.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	59,720	27,645	32,070	31.8	30.3	33.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.6	40.2	41.0	41.6	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	119,500	61,535	57,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,005	1,030	975	1.7	1.7	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	117,495	60,510	56,980	98.3	98.3	98.3
Employee	94,600	46,800	47,800	79.2	76.1	82.5
Permanent position	78,655	39,450	39,210	65.8	64.1	67.7
Temporary position	15,945	7,355	8,585	13.3	12.0	14.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,885	1,815	2,065	3.3	2.9	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,060	5,540	6,515	10.1	9.0	11.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	22,890	13,710	9,185	19.2	22.3	15.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	119,500	61,535	57,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,005	1,030	975	1.7	1.7	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	117,495	60,510	56,980	98.3	98.3	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,455	1,030	420	1.2	1.7	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	19,195	5,170	14,025	16.1	8.4	24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,655	5,975	1,675	6.4	9.7	2.9
3 Health occupations	10,795	2,205	8,585	9.0	3.6	14.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,445	4,180	8,265	10.4	6.8	14.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,830	1,565	2,265	3.2	2.5	3.9
6 Sales and service occupations	32,395	14,575	17,820	27.1	23.7	30.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	22,375	20,445	1,930	18.7	33.2	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,710	2,740	965	3.1	4.5	1.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,655	2,615	1,040	3.1	4.2	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	119,500	61,535	57,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,005	1,030	975	1.7	1.7	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	117,495	60,510	56,980	98.3	98.3	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,275	1,420	855	1.9	2.3	1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,365	1,225	135	1.1	2.0	0.2
22 Utilities	670	490	180	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	13,695	11,830	1,865	11.5	19.2	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	5,895	3,990	1,905	4.9	6.5	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	3,345	2,120	1,230	2.8	3.4	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	15,125	7,180	7,950	12.7	11.7	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,710	3,555	1,145	3.9	5.8	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	2,205	1,385	815	1.8	2.3	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	3,830	1,540	2,290	3.2	2.5	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,800	1,505	1,295	2.3	2.4	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,570	5,020	4,550	8.0	8.2	7.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	5,495	3,190	2,305	4.6	5.2	4.0
61 Educational services	8,330	2,775	5,555	7.0	4.5	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	16,690	3,305	13,385	14.0	5.4	23.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,880	1,430	1,450	2.4	2.3	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	8,820	4,000	4,820	7.4	6.5	8.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,425	2,410	3,015	4.5	3.9	5.2
91 Public administration	4,175	2,030	2,140	3.5	3.3	3.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	128,845	65,920	62,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	125,545	64,340	61,210	97.4	97.6	97.3
French	150	25	125	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	445	245	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	440	240	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	910	355	555	0.7	0.5	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,695	915	780	1.3	1.4	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	128,845	65,920	62,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	128,470	65,730	62,745	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	127,720	65,310	62,410	99.1	99.1	99.2
English	127,415	65,250	62,165	98.9	99.0	98.8
French	305	60	245	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	750	420	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	740	415	325	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	450	280	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	230	140	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	215	130	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	125	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	145	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	135	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	375	195	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	240	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	128,845	65,920	62,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	126,480	64,775	61,705	98.2	98.3	98.1
English	445	195	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
French	665	285	380	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	1,070	570	495	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,065	570	490	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	109,890	56,450	53,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	21,580	10,250	11,325	19.6	18.2	21.2
Worked outside Canada	260	175	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	18,045	13,500	4,545	16.4	23.9	8.5
Usual place of work	70,010	32,520	37,485	63.7	57.6	70.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	70,010	32,520	37,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	48,595	21,935	26,665	69.4	67.5	71.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	17,095	7,995	9,100	24.4	24.6	24.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,415	1,935	1,480	4.9	6.0	3.9
Commute to a different province or territory	900	665	245	1.3	2.0	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	88,055	46,025	42,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	76,265	40,360	35,900	86.6	87.7	85.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	71,340	38,295	33,040	81.0	83.2	78.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,920	2,065	2,865	5.6	4.5	6.8
Public transit	2,805	1,095	1,720	3.2	2.4	4.1
Walked	4,780	2,065	2,710	5.4	4.5	6.4
Bicycle	1,750	985	765	2.0	2.1	1.8
Other method	2,455	1,520	940	2.8	3.3	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	88,055	46,025	42,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	33,805	16,150	17,655	38.4	35.1	42.0
15 to 29 minutes	36,475	18,970	17,505	41.4	41.2	41.6
30 to 44 minutes	11,685	7,010	4,675	13.3	15.2	11.1
45 to 59 minutes	2,915	1,670	1,245	3.3	3.6	3.0
60 minutes and over	3,175	2,220	950	3.6	4.8	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	88,055	46,025	42,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,005	3,610	1,395	5.7	7.8	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15,820	10,625	5,200	18.0	23.1	12.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	23,525	12,505	11,020	26.7	27.2	26.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	19,770	8,465	11,305	22.5	18.4	26.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	12,005	4,770	7,235	13.6	10.4	17.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	11,920	6,055	5,865	13.5	13.2	14.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	37,910	19,300	18,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,400	1,235	1,165	6.3	6.4	6.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35,510	18,065	17,445	93.7	93.6	93.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	28,260	14,360	13,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,810	935	870	6.4	6.5	6.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	800	410	390	2.8	2.9	2.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,010	525	480	3.6	3.7	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,450	13,425	13,030	93.6	93.5	93.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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