Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CollingwoodMore information: Ontario [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	22,983	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,213^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	13.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	12,133	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,314	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,403.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	16.38	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	22,980	10,815	12,165
0 to 14 years	3,130	1,605	1,525
0 to 4 years	935	475	460
5 to 9 years	1,065	535	530
10 to 14 years	1,130	600	535
15 to 64 years	13,115	6,295	6,820
15 to 19 years	1,070	545	525
20 to 24 years	1,000	540	460
25 to 29 years	1,200	605	600
30 to 34 years	1,295	665	635
35 to 39 years	1,280	620	665
40 to 44 years	1,240	585	655
45 to 49 years	1,305	645	655
50 to 54 years	1,250	580	665
55 to 59 years	1,590	670	915
60 to 64 years	1,895	840	1,055
65 years and over	6,730	2,915	3,825
65 to 69 years	1,875	830	1,040
70 to 74 years	1,710	765	940
75 to 79 years	1,260	570	680
80 to 84 years	865	375	495
85 years and over	1,030	365	665
85 to 89 years	575	205	370
90 to 94 years	365	135	230
95 to 99 years	80	20	60
100 years and over	10	5	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.6	14.8	12.5
15 to 64 years	57.1	58.2	56.1
65 years and over	29.3	27.0	31.4
85 years and over	4.5	3.4	5.5
Average age of the population	47.4	45.6	49.1
Median age of the population	50.0	46.8	52.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,315	...	...
Single-detached house	5,815	...	...
Semi-detached house	630	...	...
Row house	1,165	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	250	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,975	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	450	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,315	...	...
1 person	3,560	...	...
2 persons	3,780	...	...
3 persons	1,340	...	...
4 persons	1,110	...	...
5 or more persons	520	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,445	10,615	11,830
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,850	9,210	10,640
Married or living common-law	11,150	5,565	5,585
Married	8,895	4,435	4,455
Living common-law	2,260	1,125	1,130
Living common law - Never married	1,480	735	745
Living common law - Separated	145	75	70
Living common law - Divorced	550	280	275
Living common law - Widowed	75	30	45
Not married and not living common-law	8,700	3,645	5,055
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,645	2,455	2,190
Not married and not living common law - Separated	740	295	445
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,655	550	1,105
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,660	340	1,320
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,540	...	...
2 persons	3,870	...	...
3 persons	1,265	...	...
4 persons	1,040	...	...
5 or more persons	365	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,535	...	...
Total couple families	5,450	...	...
Married couples	4,325	...	...
With children⁶	1,805	...	...
Without children	2,520	...	...
Common-law couples	1,125	...	...
With children⁶	410	...	...
Without children	715	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,090	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	860	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	225	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,445	10,615	11,825
Total - Persons in census families	17,625	8,690	8,930
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,895	5,440	5,455
Parents in one-parent families	1,090	230	860
Children⁶	5,635	3,020	2,610
In a two-parent family	3,935	2,075	1,860
In a one-parent family	1,700	945	755
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,825	1,925	2,900
Living alone	3,560	1,285	2,270
Living with other relatives⁷	430	195	230
Living with non-relatives only	840	445	400
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,315	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,915	...	...
Couple-family households	5,050	...	...
With children⁶	2,040	...	...
Without children	3,010	...	...
One-parent-family households	865	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	195	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	260	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	350	...	...
One-person households	3,560	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,320	9,015	10,305
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,945	8,795	10,150
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,970	8,810	10,160
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,285	8,095	9,190
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	39,600	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,800	6,345	6,460
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	35,200	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,350	7,915	9,435
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	10,400	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,500	670	835
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,160	4,840	5,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,525	2,570	2,950
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,365	9,040	10,325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,970	8,800	10,175
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,000	64,400	48,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,000	8,815	10,185
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,960	51,250	41,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,360	8,140	9,215
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,880	58,850	40,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,785	6,300	6,485
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,040	53,450	36,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,350	7,930	9,425
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,370	11,090	13,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,575	695	880
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,905	5,290	6,390
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,615	2,645	2,975
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,220	8,840	9,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,365	9,040	10,325
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,275	2,905	2,370
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	64,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,100	81,600	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,575	2,425	3,150
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	19,000	15,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	33,320	22,120
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.4	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.2	59.3	48.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.5	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.5	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.1	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,320	9,015	10,310
Without total income	375	220	160
With total income	18,945	8,795	10,145
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,170	500	670
$10,000 to $19,999	2,175	905	1,265
$20,000 to $29,999	3,125	1,310	1,820
$30,000 to $39,999	2,660	1,130	1,535
$40,000 to $49,999	2,245	955	1,290
$50,000 to $59,999	1,745	790	955
$60,000 to $69,999	1,355	640	720
$70,000 to $79,999	1,060	560	500
$80,000 to $89,999	745	400	340
$90,000 to $99,999	580	320	255
$100,000 and over	2,085	1,285	795
$100,000 to $149,999	1,275	740	540
$150,000 and over	805	550	260
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,320	9,015	10,310
Without after-tax income	355	205	150
With after-tax income	18,970	8,810	10,160
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,330	555	775
$10,000 to $19,999	2,330	965	1,365
$20,000 to $29,999	3,510	1,485	2,025
$30,000 to $39,999	3,095	1,340	1,760
$40,000 to $49,999	2,525	1,115	1,405
$50,000 to $59,999	1,830	855	975
$60,000 to $69,999	1,265	650	615
$70,000 to $79,999	875	480	390
$80,000 to $89,999	660	355	305
$90,000 to $99,999	400	240	155
$100,000 and over	1,155	760	395
$100,000 to $124,999	525	320	200
$125,000 and over	635	440	195
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,320	9,015	10,310
Without employment income	6,520	2,670	3,850
With employment income	12,805	6,345	6,460
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,250	1,030	1,220
$5,000 to $9,999	1,150	515	635
$10,000 to $19,999	1,670	750	925
$20,000 to $29,999	1,345	600	740
$30,000 to $39,999	1,210	565	645
$40,000 to $49,999	1,035	505	525
$50,000 to $59,999	850	410	440
$60,000 to $69,999	650	340	315
$70,000 to $79,999	545	305	235
$80,000 to $89,999	415	240	175
$90,000 to $99,999	375	195	185
$100,000 and over	1,300	885	415
$100,000 to $124,999	555	355	200
$125,000 and over	750	535	215
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,320	9,015	10,305
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,695	8,660	10,035
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,400	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,700	8,665	10,035
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,165	8,005	9,160
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,200	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,930	6,385	6,540
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,200	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,420	7,465	8,950
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	2,560	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,075	435	640
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,120	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,365	9,040	10,325
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,780	8,675	10,095
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,750	62,750	46,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,785	8,680	10,100
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120	50,240	38,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,230	8,040	9,190
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,040	60,350	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,010	6,365	6,645
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,680	55,050	38,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,380	7,430	8,950
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,970	7,940	9,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,080	455	625
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,760	6,840	6,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,365	9,040	10,325
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,215	2,860	2,355
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	61,200	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,000	80,500	61,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,350	2,300	3,050
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	25,000	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,440	39,160	29,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.2	81.0
Employment income (%)	60.2	64.4	55.3
Government transfers (%)	14.6	10.8	18.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.6	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,315	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,560	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,755	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,320	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,525	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,795	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,315	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	105	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	235	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	400	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	435	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	380	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	410	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	400	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	435	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	760	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	755	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	705	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	700	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	585	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,900	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,195	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	860	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	935	...	...
$200,000 and over	910	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,315	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	105	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	250	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	425	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	485	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	460	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	465	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	510	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	460	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	890	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	865	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	575	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,045	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,210	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	735	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,105	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,505	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,065	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,235	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,020	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,400	1,730	2,670
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	40,400	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,400	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,515	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,025	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,255	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,040	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,425	1,710	2,715
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,050	53,300	51,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,720	43,400	43,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,445	10,615	11,830
0 to 17 years	3,780	1,945	1,835
0 to 5 years	1,135	580	560
18 to 64 years	12,370	5,900	6,465
65 years and over	6,300	2,770	3,530
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,270	1,000	1,275
0 to 17 years	400	225	175
0 to 5 years	120	65	55
18 to 64 years	1,235	555	685
65 years and over	640	220	415
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.1	9.4	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.6	11.6	9.5
0 to 5 years (%)	10.6	11.6	10.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.4	10.6
65 years and over (%)	10.1	8.0	11.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,445	10,620	11,830
0 to 17 years	3,775	1,945	1,830
0 to 5 years	1,140	575	560
18 to 64 years	12,365	5,900	6,470
65 years and over	6,300	2,775	3,530
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	650	320	330
0 to 17 years	80	40	45
0 to 5 years	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	495	245	245
65 years and over	75	35	40
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.0	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	1.9	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.3	1.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,445	10,615	11,830
In bottom half of the distribution	11,105	5,070	6,035
In bottom decile	1,945	895	1,055
In second decile	2,275	960	1,320
In third decile	2,370	1,070	1,305
In fourth decile	2,310	1,095	1,215
In fifth decile	2,200	1,055	1,145
In top half of the distribution	11,345	5,545	5,795
In sixth decile	2,320	1,110	1,210
In seventh decile	2,370	1,160	1,210
In eighth decile	2,110	1,010	1,105
In ninth decile	2,225	1,095	1,135
In top decile	2,320	1,180	1,140
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,445	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.299	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	22,600	10,670	11,930
English only	20,920	10,030	10,890
French only	5	0	0
English and French	1,630	625	1,010
Neither English nor French	50	20	30
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	22,600	10,670	11,930
English	22,265	10,540	11,730
French	255	100	155
English and French	30	10	20
Neither English nor French	45	15	30
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	22,600	10,670	11,930
Single responses	22,285	10,530	11,755
Official languages	20,615	9,755	10,855
English	20,345	9,650	10,695
French	265	105	160
Non-official languages	1,670	775	895
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,675	775	900
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	20	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	5	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	5	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	35	50
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	30	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	5	0
Tamil	15	10	5
Telugu	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,305	610	700
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	365	160	205
Baltic languages	15	5	10
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	10	5	10
Slavic languages	350	155	195
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	0
Czech	25	10	15
Macedonian	10	5	5
Polish	140	65	75
Russian	65	30	40
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30
Bosnian	20	10	10
Croatian	15	10	10
Serbian	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5
Ukrainian	35	15	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	0	0
Irish	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	335	145	190
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	220	90	130
German	210	85	125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	5	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	50	40
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	80	45	35
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	20
Danish	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	270	145	125
Indo-Aryan languages	200	110	95
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	5	0	5
Gujarati	45	25	15
Hindi	35	20	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	50	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	10
Urdu	5	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	70	35	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	30	20	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	5
Persian languages	30	15	15
Dari	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	20	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	305	140	165
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	110	60	50
Portuguese	70	25	45
Romanian	25	15	10
Spanish	105	45	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	30	15	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	5	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	30	50
Chinese languages	75	30	50
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	35	15	25
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	75	30	45
Estonian	25	10	15
Finnish	10	5	5
Hungarian	40	20	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	315	135	175
English and French	90	35	55
English and non-official language(s)	190	90	100
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	22,600	10,670	11,930
English	20,940	9,935	11,005
French	25	10	15
Non-official language	225	95	125
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	225	95	125
English and French	280	115	170
English and non-official language(s)	1,055	485	565
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	22,600	10,670	11,930
Single responses	22,350	10,550	11,800
Official languages	21,860	10,315	11,540
English	21,820	10,300	11,520
French	45	15	25
Non-official languages	490	235	255
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	490	235	255
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	25	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	25	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	0
Tamil	10	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	345	160	185
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	45	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	90	40	45
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	45	20	25
Russian	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	10
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	25	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	15	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	75	85
Indo-Aryan languages	100	45	55
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	15	10
Hindi	15	5	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	25	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	65	30	35
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	40	20	25
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	5	5	0
Persian languages	20	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	25	35
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	5
Portuguese	20	10	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	20
Chinese languages	30	10	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	250	125	130
English and French	40	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	200	100	95
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	22,600	10,670	11,930
None	21,400	10,140	11,255
English	225	110	110
French	230	90	140
Non-official language	615	275	345
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0
Non-Indigenous	615	270	345
English and French	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	55	15	35
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,560	10,675	11,885
Official languages	22,510	10,665	11,845
English	22,510	10,665	11,845
French	1,650	620	1,030
Non-official languages	2,455	1,010	1,445
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,450	1,010	1,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	35	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	35	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	50	35	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145	45	95
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	10	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	40	95
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	0	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,030	865	1,170
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	435	205	230
Baltic languages	35	0	30
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	0	30
Slavic languages	405	200	205
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	185	90	95
Russian	80	25	55
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	80	45	40
Bosnian	30	15	15
Croatian	55	25	25
Serbian	45	25	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	0	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0
Ukrainian	40	35	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	570	230	335
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	380	160	220
German	380	160	220
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	0	10
Yiddish	10	0	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	180	85	95
Afrikaans	10	0	10
Dutch	170	85	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	50	15	35
Danish	20	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	30	0	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	455	185	265
Indo-Aryan languages	340	145	200
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	10	20
Gujarati	130	75	60
Hindi	140	55	85
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	20	60
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	25
Urdu	30	10	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	110	50	70
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	60	30	30
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	50	20	30
Dari	30	10	20
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	640	265	370
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	200	100	100
Portuguese	85	35	50
Romanian	10	0	0
Spanish	365	135	230
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	45	15	30
Korean	25	15	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	10	15
American Sign Language	15	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	45	55
Chinese languages	100	45	55
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	75	35	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	10	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0
Lao	15	10	0
Thai	10	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	60	10	50
Estonian	20	0	20
Finnish	10	0	10
Hungarian	30	10	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,560	10,675	11,885
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	565	260	300
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	535	245	290
First Nations (North American Indian)	280	115	165
Métis	250	130	120
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	20	10
Non-Indigenous identity	21,995	10,410	11,585
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,560	10,675	11,885
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	135	75	65
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	22,420	10,600	11,820
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,325	...	...
Owner	7,360	...	...
Renter	2,960	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,325	...	...
Condominium	2,395	...	...
Not condominium	7,930	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,325	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...
1 bedroom	1,020	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,540	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,100	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,325	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,720	...	...
5 rooms	1,510	...	...
6 rooms	1,740	...	...
7 rooms	1,445	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,905	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,325	...	...
One person or fewer per room	10,255	...	...
More than one person per room	65	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,325	...	...
Suitable	10,020	...	...
Not suitable	300	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,325	...	...
1960 or before	2,060	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,335	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,430	...	...
1991 to 2000	850	...	...
2001 to 2005	645	...	...
2006 to 2010	850	...	...
2011 to 2015	825	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,325	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,325	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,755	...	...
Major repairs needed	565	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,325	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,360	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,635	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	330	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,325	...	...
15 to 24 years	155	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,035	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,385	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,450	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,045	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,275	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,355	...	...
85 years and over	620	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,305	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,505	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,800	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,495	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,320	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,385	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,550	...	...
Not suitable only	235	...	...
Major repairs needed only	325	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	210	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,935	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,995	...	...
In core need	1,295	...	...
Not in core need	8,700	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,360	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,476	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	756,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,960	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	47.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,528	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,565	10,675	11,885
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	170	80	95
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	155	75	80
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	100	45	50
Métis single ancestry	55	30	25
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	680	325	350
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	660	325	335
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	500	260	245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	150	65	85
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	21,705	10,270	11,440
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,565	10,675	11,885
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	21,930	10,365	11,565
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,725	1,915	1,805
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	18,205	8,450	9,755
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	630	310	320
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,565	10,675	11,885
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	19,565	9,325	10,240
Immigrants⁸¹	2,880	1,305	1,575
Before 1980	1,490	680	810
1980 to 1990	315	130	185
1991 to 2000	290	150	140
2001 to 2010	360	150	210
2011 to 2021⁸²	425	195	230
2011 to 2015	150	50	100
2016 to 2021	280	150	130
Non-permanent residents⁸³	115	45	70
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,875	1,305	1,575
Under 5 years	400	220	185
5 to 14 years	660	280	385
15 to 24 years	630	285	345
25 to 44 years	1,015	430	585
45 years and over	170	85	85
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,875	1,305	1,575
Americas	335	155	180
Brazil	25	0	25
Colombia	30	0	20
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	20	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	0	15
Mexico	20	15	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	0	10
United States of America	150	90	60
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	20
Europe	1,785	820	965
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	20
Croatia	10	0	10
France	25	0	25
Germany	155	60	90
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	30	10	20
Italy	80	55	30
Netherlands	105	55	55
Poland	125	50	80
Portugal	35	10	20
Romania	15	10	0
Russian Federation	40	25	15
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Ukraine	25	10	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	875	420	460
Other places of birth in Europe	205	75	130
Africa	50	10	45
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	20
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	15
Asia	640	280	360
Afghanistan	20	10	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	20	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	20
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	60	30	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	10
Korea, South⁹²	20	15	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	140	45	90
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Bangladesh	10	0	0
India	140	70	70
Pakistan	20	15	0
Sri Lanka	55	15	35
Other places of birth in Asia	65	10	50
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	40	25
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	280	145	135
Americas	55	30	30
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	10	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0
Europe	70	40	25
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	35	10
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	10
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	145	60	80
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	50	25	25
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	10	10	10
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	15
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,560	10,675	11,885
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,335	1,520	1,810
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,065	2,000	2,055
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,170	7,155	8,015
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,390	620	765
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	665	270	395
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	280	105	175
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	390	165	225
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	485	240	250
Refugees¹⁰⁸	235	115	120
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,390	620	765
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	35	30
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	285	135	150
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	25	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	70	20	50
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	920	400	515
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,560	10,675	11,885
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,575	690	880
South Asian	465	205	255
Chinese	185	95	95
Black	200	85	115
Filipino	205	85	115
Arab	15	15	0
Latin American	90	25	70
Southeast Asian	65	25	45
West Asian	125	55	70
Korean	40	25	15
Japanese	30	0	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	25	30
Multiple visible minorities	90	40	50
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	20,990	9,980	11,005
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,560	10,675	11,890
Canadian	3,770	1,835	1,935
English	7,575	3,585	3,995
Irish	5,725	2,720	3,010
Scottish	6,135	2,795	3,330
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,675	780	900
German	2,445	1,170	1,275
Chinese	210	100	110
Italian	990	470	515
Indian (India)	285	140	150
Ukrainian	545	335	210
Dutch	970	490	485
Polish	730	325	400
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,415	625	790
Filipino	175	80	100
French Canadian	325	135	190
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	395	190	200
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	295	150	145
Métis	250	105	145
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	330	155	180
Russian	195	90	105
Norwegian	175	90	85
Welsh	535	250	290
Portuguese	215	85	130
American	245	130	115
Spanish	130	55	80
Swedish	205	120	90
Hungarian	230	120	110
Acadian	65	35	30
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	50	20	30
Jewish	170	95	85
Punjabi	50	20	25
Vietnamese	30	15	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	15	0
Greek	145	75	75
Jamaican	165	60	105
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	75	20	60
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	70	30	40
Korean	40	30	10
Romanian	90	50	40
Lebanese	15	0	10
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	60	25	30
Danish	155	80	75
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	65	25	40
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	200	100	100
Belgian	75	35	35
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	50	20	25
Mennonite	15	0	10
Swiss	85	55	30
Finnish	60	25	35
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	115	30	90
Japanese	50	10	35
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	10	15
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	0	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	110	50	60
Muslim	25	10	15
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	15	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	55	15	40
Colombian	25	0	25
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	70	40	25
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	15	0	10
Afghan	40	20	20
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	10
Serbian	40	20	20
Ojibway	90	35	60
Newfoundlander	65	30	35
Hong Konger	25	15	10
Ontarian	130	75	50
Persian	10	0	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	35	30
Turkish	10	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	10	10
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	30	25	10
Slovak	60	35	20
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	30	25
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	15	10	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	15	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0
Algonquin	25	0	20
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	10	15
Lithuanian	90	25	60
South African	45	15	25
Australian	75	45	30
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	35	20	15
Macedonian	30	20	10
Slovenian	45	30	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	10
New Brunswicker	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	15	15	0
Israeli	15	0	10
Mohawk	35	20	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	15
Bulgarian	10	0	10
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	20	0	20
African American	20	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	45	0	40
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	20	20
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	70	30	40
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	45	20	25
Bengali	15	0	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	20	15	15
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	40	15	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	55	0	45
Kurdish	35	15	20
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	20	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	15	10
New Zealander	20	15	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	10	10
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	10	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	45	15	25
Mayan	10	0	10
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	10	10	0
United Empire Loyalist	20	15	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	15	15	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	15	0	15
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,560	10,680	11,885
Buddhist	80	40	40
Christian	11,445	4,880	6,565
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,520	655	860
Anabaptist	55	25	30
Anglican	1,755	690	1,065
Baptist	210	105	105
Catholic	4,150	1,885	2,270
Christian Orthodox	140	75	65
Jehovah's Witness	85	35	45
Latter Day Saints	10	10	0
Lutheran	190	55	135
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55	10	45
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	70	20	50
Presbyterian	1,110	465	645
Reformed	15	0	15
United Church	1,475	595	880
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	605	265	335
Hindu	155	80	75
Jewish	175	80	95
Muslim	220	115	110
Sikh	70	20	50
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	150	55	95
No religion and secular perspectives	10,265	5,410	4,860
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	22,350	10,560	11,795
Non-movers	19,120	8,950	10,175
Movers	3,225	1,605	1,620
Non-migrants	1,280	635	645
Migrants	1,945	970	980
Internal migrants	1,925	965	960
Intraprovincial migrants	1,850	925	925
Interprovincial migrants	75	40	35
External migrants	25	0	20
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	21,610	10,175	11,435
Non-movers	11,650	5,410	6,240
Movers	9,960	4,760	5,195
Non-migrants	3,080	1,425	1,660
Migrants	6,875	3,335	3,540
Internal migrants	6,525	3,165	3,365
Intraprovincial migrants	6,130	2,975	3,160
Interprovincial migrants	400	190	205
External migrants	350	170	180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,365	9,040	10,325
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,110	1,605	1,510
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,255	7,435	8,815
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,965	5,185	5,780
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,130	615	515
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,840	4,570	5,270
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,365	9,045	10,325
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,750	1,390	1,360
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,920	2,850	3,070
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,700	4,805	5,900
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,755	2,590	3,165
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	990	680	300
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	500	305	195
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	490	385	105
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,385	1,735	2,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	380	170	210
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,950	2,215	2,735
Bachelor's degree	3,510	1,545	1,970
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	355	165	195
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	100	65
Master's degree	830	355	475
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	45	30
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	10,960	5,185	5,780
No certificate, diploma or degree	975	525	445
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,090	1,580	1,510
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,900	3,080	3,825
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,785	1,775	2,010
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	585	380	205
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	300	165	135
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	285	220	70
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,995	1,280	1,720
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	205	110	90
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,120	1,305	1,815
Bachelor's degree	2,270	955	1,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	225	100	130
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	45	50
Master's degree	475	185	295
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	30	25
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,365	9,040	10,325
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,665	4,240	4,430
Education	855	195	660
13. Education	855	195	660
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	535	200	335
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	500	170	330
Humanities	600	260	345
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	30
23. English language and literature/letters	155	55	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	75	110
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	25	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15
54. History	120	80	45
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,545	565	980
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	180	75	105
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	245	20	220
22. Legal professions and studies	215	90	125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0	25
42. Psychology	245	80	170
45. Social sciences	625	295	325
Business, management and public administration	2,255	980	1,280
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	160	35	125
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,095	945	1,150
Physical and life sciences and technologies	345	175	165
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	50	55
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	55	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	10
40. Physical sciences	90	60	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	265	155	105
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	180	120	55
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	35	30
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,565	1,415	150
04. Architecture and related services	85	55	30
14. Engineering	285	230	55
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	420	375	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	315	310	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	285	285	0
48. Precision production	170	165	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	175	75	95
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	50	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	25	40
Health and related fields	1,925	415	1,510
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	145	200
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,540	255	1,285
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	20	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	635	355	275
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	340	120	225
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	215	165	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	60	60	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	10,965	5,180	5,780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,060	2,105	1,950
Education	400	90	310
13. Education	400	90	310
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	380	150	230
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	350	120	225
Humanities	315	150	165
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	70	30	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	50	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	15	10
54. History	80	45	35
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,060	350	710
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	140	65	75
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	190	20	175
22. Legal professions and studies	125	30	95
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20
42. Psychology	155	50	105
45. Social sciences	425	185	240
Business, management and public administration	1,475	615	860
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	120	20	100
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,360	595	760
Physical and life sciences and technologies	260	110	145
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80	35	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	30	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10
40. Physical sciences	55	35	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	190	130	65
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	150	110	40
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	990	875	120
04. Architecture and related services	55	30	25
14. Engineering	200	155	45
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	275	240	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	205	200	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	155	155	0
48. Precision production	105	90	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	55	90
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90	40	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	20	40
Health and related fields	1,200	280	920
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	85	120
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	980	195	780
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	480	265	215
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	250	90	170
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	180	135	45
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	45	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	10,965	5,180	5,780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,060	2,105	1,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,905	3,075	3,830
Location of study inside Canada	6,175	2,745	3,425
Same as province or territory of residence	5,740	2,580	3,165
Different than province or territory of residence	430	165	260
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	730	330	400
Americas	225	110	125
United States of America	200	90	110
Mexico	10	10	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	270	130	135
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	20	0	15
Switzerland	10	0	10
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	15	10	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	85	75
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0
Italy	10	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	15	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	150	55	95
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	60	15	45
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	15	0	10
India	55	25	30
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	75	30	45
Australia	55	25	40
New Zealand	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,365	9,045	10,325
In the labour force	11,030	5,555	5,475
Employed	9,670	4,960	4,710
Unemployed	1,360	595	760
Not in the labour force	8,330	3,480	4,850
Participation rate	57.0	61.4	53.0
Employment rate	49.9	54.8	45.6
Unemployment rate	12.3	10.7	13.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,365	9,040	10,325
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,000	3,425	4,575
Worked	11,365	5,615	5,755
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,430	2,995	2,435
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,935	2,615	3,315
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.9	41.2	38.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,030	5,560	5,475
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190	115	75
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	10,840	5,445	5,400
Employee	8,575	4,210	4,365
Permanent position	7,235	3,545	3,695
Temporary position	1,340	665	670
Fixed term (1 year or more)	345	140	205
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	995	530	470
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,270	1,230	1,040
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,030	5,560	5,475
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190	115	75
All occupations¹⁹¹	10,840	5,445	5,400
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	230	140	90
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,570	505	1,070
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	555	400	155
3 Health occupations	905	185	725
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,140	385	765
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	475	185	285
6 Sales and service occupations	3,665	1,615	2,045
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,660	1,525	135
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	270	225	50
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	370	290	90
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,030	5,560	5,475
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	190	115	75
All industries¹⁹¹	10,840	5,445	5,400
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50	15	30
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	40	10
22 Utilities	55	35	15
23 Construction	940	810	130
31-33 Manufacturing	775	560	210
41 Wholesale trade	250	145	105
44-45 Retail trade	1,485	655	830
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	245	175	70
51 Information and cultural industries	190	120	70
52 Finance and insurance	355	170	185
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	335	165	165
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	940	435	500
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	590	340	250
61 Educational services	685	240	440
62 Health care and social assistance	1,385	290	1,095
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	400	180	220
72 Accommodation and food services	1,295	630	665
81 Other services (except public administration)	415	160	260
91 Public administration	400	245	155
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,240	6,045	6,200
English	12,040	5,970	6,065
French	30	0	30
Non-official language	10	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10
English and French	100	40	60
English and non-official language(s)	70	30	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,240	6,045	6,200
Single responses	12,215	6,025	6,190
Official languages	12,205	6,015	6,185
English	12,160	6,015	6,145
French	40	0	40
Non-official languages	15	0	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	20	10
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	20	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,240	6,045	6,200
None	12,105	5,995	6,115
English	20	0	15
French	80	40	40
Non-official language	40	0	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	0	30
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	9,670	4,960	4,710
Worked at home	2,315	1,025	1,285
Worked outside Canada	15	15	0
No fixed workplace address	1,220	865	355
Usual place of work	6,120	3,055	3,065
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,120	3,060	3,070
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,045	1,895	2,150
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	920	495	425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,135	660	475
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,345	3,920	3,425
Car, truck or van	6,350	3,500	2,845
Car, truck or van - as a driver	5,785	3,210	2,575
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	565	285	275
Public transit	100	60	40
Walked	570	180	395
Bicycle	160	95	60
Other method	160	80	80
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,345	3,920	3,425
Less than 15 minutes	4,035	1,930	2,105
15 to 29 minutes	1,635	855	785
30 to 44 minutes	665	410	260
45 to 59 minutes	385	270	120
60 minutes and over	615	450	165
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,345	3,920	3,425
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	505	380	130
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	960	640	320
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,805	1,065	745
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,000	890	1,110
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,160	480	675
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	910	465	445
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,865	1,990	1,880
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	360	185	175
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,505	1,805	1,695
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,865	1,480	1,385
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	290	145	145
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170	85	85
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	115	55	60
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,575	1,335	1,240

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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