Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Comox, Town (T)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	14,806	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	14,028	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	6,672	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,442	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	877.7	...	...	877.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	16.87	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	14,810	6,980	7,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,060	1,030	1,030	13.9	14.8	13.2
0 to 4 years	515	250	260	3.5	3.6	3.3
5 to 9 years	750	370	375	5.1	5.3	4.8
10 to 14 years	795	400	390	5.4	5.7	5.0
15 to 64 years	8,015	3,865	4,150	54.1	55.4	53.0
15 to 19 years	720	390	335	4.9	5.6	4.3
20 to 24 years	575	325	245	3.9	4.7	3.1
25 to 29 years	525	280	250	3.5	4.0	3.2
30 to 34 years	615	315	300	4.2	4.5	3.8
35 to 39 years	810	370	440	5.5	5.3	5.6
40 to 44 years	835	405	435	5.6	5.8	5.6
45 to 49 years	850	395	455	5.7	5.7	5.8
50 to 54 years	780	365	420	5.3	5.2	5.4
55 to 59 years	1,125	515	610	7.6	7.4	7.8
60 to 64 years	1,175	510	665	7.9	7.3	8.5
65 years and over	4,730	2,085	2,645	31.9	29.9	33.8
65 to 69 years	1,205	530	675	8.1	7.6	8.6
70 to 74 years	1,225	565	665	8.3	8.1	8.5
75 to 79 years	940	425	515	6.3	6.1	6.6
80 to 84 years	620	280	345	4.2	4.0	4.4
85 years and over	735	285	450	5.0	4.1	5.7
85 to 89 years	445	185	255	3.0	2.7	3.3
90 to 94 years	210	75	135	1.4	1.1	1.7
95 to 99 years	70	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	14.8	13.2	13.9	14.8	13.2
15 to 64 years	54.1	55.4	53.0	54.1	55.4	53.0
65 years and over	31.9	29.9	33.8	31.9	29.9	33.8
85 years and over	5.0	4.1	5.7	5.0	4.1	5.7
Average age of the population	48.9	47.2	50.4	48.9	47.2	50.4
Median age of the population	52.4	49.6	55.2	52.4	49.6	55.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	4,240	...	...	65.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	670	...	...	10.4	...	...
Row house	565	...	...	8.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	100	...	...	1.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	770	...	...	11.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	85	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,895	...	...	29.4	...	...
2 persons	2,700	...	...	41.9	...	...
3 persons	790	...	...	12.3	...	...
4 persons	725	...	...	11.2	...	...
5 or more persons	330	...	...	5.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	14,330	6,770	7,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	12,745	5,955	6,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	7,960	3,935	4,025	62.5	66.1	59.2
Married	6,615	3,275	3,335	51.9	55.0	49.1
Living common-law	1,345	660	685	10.6	11.1	10.1
Living common law - Never married	800	400	400	6.3	6.7	5.9
Living common law - Separated	70	35	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	405	200	210	3.2	3.4	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	75	35	45	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	4,790	2,015	2,770	37.6	33.8	40.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,450	1,340	1,105	19.2	22.5	16.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	280	110	165	2.2	1.8	2.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	985	325	660	7.7	5.5	9.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,075	235	845	8.4	3.9	12.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	2,790	...	...	63.1	...	...
3 persons	720	...	...	16.3	...	...
4 persons	685	...	...	15.5	...	...
5 or more persons	225	...	...	5.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	3,875	...	...	87.7	...	...
Married couples	3,205	...	...	72.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,195	...	...	27.0	...	...
Without children	2,010	...	...	45.5	...	...
Common-law couples	670	...	...	15.2	...	...
With children⁶	250	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	425	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	545	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	430	...	...	9.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	115	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	14,330	6,770	7,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	11,665	5,735	5,925	81.4	84.7	78.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,750	3,850	3,905	54.1	56.9	51.7
Parents in one-parent families	545	115	430	3.8	1.7	5.7
Children⁶	3,370	1,775	1,590	23.5	26.2	21.0
In a two-parent family	2,580	1,355	1,220	18.0	20.0	16.1
In a one-parent family	785	420	365	5.5	6.2	4.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,670	1,040	1,630	18.6	15.4	21.6
Living alone	1,900	655	1,240	13.3	9.7	16.4
Living with other relatives⁷	200	80	115	1.4	1.2	1.5
Living with non-relatives only	570	295	270	4.0	4.4	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,025	...	...	62.5	...	...
Couple-family households	3,595	...	...	55.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,325	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	2,275	...	...	35.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	430	...	...	6.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	95	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	200	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	195	...	...	3.0	...	...
One-person households	1,900	...	...	29.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	12,280	5,750	6,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,985	5,600	6,385	97.6	97.4	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	53,200	36,800	43,600	53,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,990	5,605	6,390	97.6	97.5	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,400	33,600	40,000	48,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,145	5,325	5,815	90.8	92.6	89.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	44,800	26,400	34,400	44,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,360	3,690	3,675	59.9	64.2	56.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	45,200	29,200	36,000	45,200	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,135	4,460	5,675	82.5	77.6	86.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	13,000	12,900	13,000	13,000	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	925	440	485	7.5	7.7	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,680	4,960	5,280	5,680	4,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,300	1,020	1,275	18.7	17.7	19.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	12,280	5,750	6,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,945	5,630	6,315	97.3	97.9	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,300	61,250	44,320	52,300	61,250	44,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,975	5,630	6,345	97.5	97.9	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	52,450	38,240	44,920	52,450	38,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,120	5,375	5,745	90.6	93.5	88.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,240	54,650	36,400	45,240	54,650	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,360	3,710	3,645	59.9	64.5	55.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,600	54,250	38,800	46,600	54,250	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,020	4,400	5,620	81.6	76.5	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,160	11,590	12,590	12,160	11,590	12,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	885	410	475	7.2	7.1	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940	6,440	7,400	6,940	6,440	7,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,150	995	1,155	17.5	17.3	17.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,610	7,640	9,440	8,610	7,640	9,440
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	12,280	5,755	6,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,020	1,725	1,300	24.6	30.0	19.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	72,500	58,000	65,500	72,500	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,000	77,700	64,300	72,000	77,700	64,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,295	1,515	1,780	26.8	26.3	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	22,800	17,400	19,000	22,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,760	37,920	28,400	32,760	37,920	28,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	85.2	74.6	80.6	85.2	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.9	58.4	50.6	54.9	58.4	50.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.5	14.8	25.3	19.5	14.8	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	2.9	5.3	4.0	2.9	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	2.2	3.9	3.0	2.2	3.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	12,285	5,750	6,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	300	150	150	2.4	2.6	2.3
With total income	11,980	5,595	6,380	97.5	97.3	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	850	315	540	7.1	5.6	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,275	420	855	10.6	7.5	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,750	615	1,135	14.6	11.0	17.8
$30,000 to $39,999	1,565	620	945	13.1	11.1	14.8
$40,000 to $49,999	1,425	625	800	11.9	11.2	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,195	565	630	10.0	10.1	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,015	570	445	8.5	10.2	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	820	505	320	6.8	9.0	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	565	350	210	4.7	6.3	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	405	255	150	3.4	4.6	2.4
$100,000 and over	1,125	775	345	9.4	13.9	5.4
$100,000 to $149,999	795	540	260	6.6	9.7	4.1
$150,000 and over	330	240	85	2.8	4.3	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	12,285	5,750	6,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	290	150	145	2.4	2.6	2.2
With after-tax income	11,990	5,605	6,385	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	955	335	625	8.0	6.0	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	1,320	435	885	11.0	7.8	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	1,930	695	1,235	16.1	12.4	19.3
$30,000 to $39,999	1,815	730	1,085	15.1	13.0	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,660	765	895	13.8	13.6	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,310	710	600	10.9	12.7	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,040	625	415	8.7	11.2	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	655	425	230	5.5	7.6	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	435	265	175	3.6	4.7	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	270	180	85	2.3	3.2	1.3
$100,000 and over	605	440	160	5.0	7.9	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	330	240	90	2.8	4.3	1.4
$125,000 and over	275	200	75	2.3	3.6	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	12,285	5,750	6,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	4,925	2,060	2,860	40.1	35.8	43.8
With employment income	7,360	3,690	3,670	59.9	64.2	56.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,115	525	595	15.1	14.2	16.2
$5,000 to $9,999	555	225	325	7.5	6.1	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	885	370	520	12.0	10.0	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	730	300	430	9.9	8.1	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	635	280	350	8.6	7.6	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	595	255	340	8.1	6.9	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	540	235	305	7.3	6.4	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	510	305	205	6.9	8.3	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	475	300	170	6.5	8.1	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	340	220	120	4.6	6.0	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	290	180	110	3.9	4.9	3.0
$100,000 and over	680	495	185	9.2	13.4	5.0
$100,000 to $124,999	355	235	120	4.8	6.4	3.3
$125,000 and over	320	260	70	4.3	7.0	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	12,280	5,750	6,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,745	5,490	6,250	95.6	95.5	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	53,600	34,000	42,000	53,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,780	5,490	6,290	95.9	95.5	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	47,600	30,600	37,600	47,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,045	5,255	5,785	89.9	91.4	88.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	47,200	26,800	35,200	47,200	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,245	4,155	4,090	67.1	72.3	62.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	40,400	25,000	31,200	40,400	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,520	3,510	5,010	69.4	61.0	76.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,500	12,800	10,500	11,500	12,800	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	770	385	385	6.3	6.7	5.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,960	4,880	5,080	4,960	4,880	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	12,280	5,750	6,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,680	5,550	6,140	95.1	96.5	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	60,450	42,120	50,800	60,450	42,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,745	5,550	6,195	95.6	96.5	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	50,680	35,680	42,760	50,680	35,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,960	5,275	5,685	89.3	91.7	87.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,960	56,200	36,440	45,960	56,200	36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,170	4,165	4,005	66.5	72.4	61.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720	49,400	35,760	42,720	49,400	35,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,495	3,545	4,945	69.2	61.7	75.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,610	10,910	10,400	10,610	10,910	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	730	395	335	5.9	6.9	5.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	5,900	7,680	6,720	5,900	7,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	12,280	5,755	6,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,015	1,730	1,285	24.6	30.1	19.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	70,000	54,800	63,600	70,000	54,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,500	74,000	61,100	68,500	74,000	61,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,145	1,435	1,715	25.6	24.9	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	29,000	20,200	23,600	29,000	20,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,440	43,280	30,720	36,440	43,280	30,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8	88.4	80.0	84.8	88.4	80.0
Employment income (%)	58.8	61.3	55.4	58.8	61.3	55.4
Government transfers (%)	15.2	11.5	19.9	15.2	11.5	19.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.7	1.0	0.8	0.7	1.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,320	...	...	50,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,960	...	...	42,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,400	...	...	116,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,400	...	...	100,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	220	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	170	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	185	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	230	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	245	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	260	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	540	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	535	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	525	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	425	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	470	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,460	...	...	38.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	830	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	555	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	640	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	435	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	20	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	240	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	175	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	240	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	280	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	295	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	300	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	635	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	625	...	...	9.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	525	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	570	...	...	8.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	445	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,925	...	...	29.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	790	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	510	...	...	7.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	630	...	...	9.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,470	955	1,515	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	48,800	39,600	42,800	48,800	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	43,200	36,800	39,200	43,200	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,300	...	...	116,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,310	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,400	...	...	104,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,700	...	...	90,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,800	...	...	145,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,600	...	...	123,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,400	...	...	84,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,400	...	...	74,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,435	940	1,495	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,320	53,600	43,400	47,320	53,600	43,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	46,200	37,360	40,800	46,200	37,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	14,330	6,775	7,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,505	1,260	1,250	17.5	18.6	16.5
0 to 5 years	655	335	320	4.6	4.9	4.2
18 to 64 years	7,455	3,545	3,915	52.0	52.3	51.8
65 years and over	4,365	1,975	2,395	30.5	29.2	31.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	990	390	605	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	165	85	75	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	20	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	455	195	265	...	...	...
65 years and over	375	105	270	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.9	5.7	8.0	6.9	5.7	8.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.5	7.1	6.0	6.5	7.1	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4	6.8	2.5	4.4	6.8	2.5
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	5.4	6.7	6.1	5.4	6.7
65 years and over (%)	8.6	5.4	11.3	8.6	5.4	11.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	14,330	6,770	7,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,510	1,255	1,245	17.5	18.5	16.5
0 to 5 years	655	330	325	4.6	4.9	4.3
18 to 64 years	7,455	3,540	3,910	52.0	52.3	51.8
65 years and over	4,370	1,970	2,395	30.5	29.1	31.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	360	145	220	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	70	25	40	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	10	10	0	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	235	100	130	...	...	...
65 years and over	55	15	40	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.1	2.9	2.5	2.1	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	2.2	3.3	2.8	2.2	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	1.6	2.5	x	1.6	2.5	x
18 to 64 years (%)	3.1	2.8	3.4	3.1	2.8	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.3	0.7	1.8	1.3	0.7	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	14,330	6,775	7,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	6,680	3,020	3,665	46.6	44.6	48.5
In bottom decile	965	385	580	6.7	5.7	7.7
In second decile	1,080	460	615	7.5	6.8	8.1
In third decile	1,440	655	785	10.0	9.7	10.4
In fourth decile	1,570	740	825	11.0	10.9	10.9
In fifth decile	1,635	775	855	11.4	11.4	11.3
In top half of the distribution	7,650	3,750	3,895	53.4	55.4	51.6
In sixth decile	1,685	800	885	11.8	11.8	11.7
In seventh decile	1,755	855	895	12.2	12.6	11.8
In eighth decile	1,575	785	795	11.0	11.6	10.5
In ninth decile	1,460	715	745	10.2	10.6	9.9
In top decile	1,170	590	575	8.2	8.7	7.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	14,330	...	...	14,330	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.277	...	...	0.277	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.381	...	...	0.381	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248	...	...	0.248	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	14,650	6,930	7,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	12,705	6,040	6,660	86.7	87.2	86.3
French only	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	1,930	885	1,045	13.2	12.8	13.5
Neither English nor French	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	14,650	6,930	7,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	14,135	6,675	7,460	96.5	96.3	96.6
French	475	240	235	3.2	3.5	3.0
English and French	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	14,650	6,930	7,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	14,420	6,820	7,600	98.4	98.4	98.4
Official languages	13,520	6,445	7,075	92.3	93.0	91.6
English	13,035	6,205	6,835	89.0	89.5	88.5
French	485	245	240	3.3	3.5	3.1
Non-official languages	900	380	520	6.1	5.5	6.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	900	380	520	6.1	5.5	6.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	15	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	60	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	660	285	375	4.5	4.1	4.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	115	50	60	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	110	50	55	0.8	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	370	140	225	2.5	2.0	2.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	205	75	125	1.4	1.1	1.6
German	185	75	110	1.3	1.1	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	50	80	0.9	0.7	1.0
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	115	45	75	0.8	0.6	1.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Danish	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	55	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	50	60	0.8	0.7	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Spanish	60	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	60	25	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	5	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	230	105	120	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	100	50	45	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	115	45	70	0.8	0.6	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	14,650	6,930	7,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,470	6,395	7,070	91.9	92.3	91.6
French	165	70	90	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official language	115	65	50	0.8	0.9	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	65	50	0.8	0.9	0.6
English and French	330	150	180	2.3	2.2	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	530	230	305	3.6	3.3	4.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	14,650	6,930	7,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	14,515	6,870	7,645	99.1	99.1	99.0
Official languages	14,285	6,745	7,540	97.5	97.3	97.7
English	14,065	6,645	7,420	96.0	95.9	96.1
French	215	100	120	1.5	1.4	1.6
Non-official languages	230	125	110	1.6	1.8	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	230	125	105	1.6	1.8	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	135	75	60	0.9	1.1	0.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	5	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	140	65	80	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	70	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	70	30	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	14,650	6,935	7,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	13,870	6,595	7,280	94.7	95.1	94.3
English	145	75	75	1.0	1.1	1.0
French	215	105	115	1.5	1.5	1.5
Non-official language	350	135	215	2.4	1.9	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	350	135	215	2.4	1.9	2.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	14,330	6,770	7,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	14,305	6,760	7,545	99.8	99.9	99.8
English	14,300	6,760	7,540	99.8	99.9	99.7
French	1,910	915	995	13.3	13.5	13.2
Non-official languages	1,275	635	645	8.9	9.4	8.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,275	635	640	8.9	9.4	8.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	30	50	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	935	490	445	6.5	7.2	5.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	105	70	45	0.7	1.0	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	70	35	0.7	1.0	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Czech	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Russian	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Irish	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	410	175	235	2.9	2.6	3.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	285	120	165	2.0	1.8	2.2
German	285	120	165	2.0	1.8	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	35	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	80	35	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Danish	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	45	15	0.5	0.7	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	65	45	15	0.5	0.7	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	35	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	360	185	175	2.5	2.7	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	35	35	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	35	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	280	140	140	2.0	2.1	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	20	45	0.5	0.3	0.6
Korean	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	15	40	0.4	0.2	0.5
Chinese languages	60	15	40	0.4	0.2	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	14,330	6,775	7,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	980	455	525	6.8	6.7	6.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	955	440	515	6.7	6.5	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	530	250	280	3.7	3.7	3.7
Métis	395	185	205	2.8	2.7	2.7
Inuk (Inuit)	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	13,355	6,320	7,035	93.2	93.3	93.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	14,330	6,775	7,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	200	80	120	1.4	1.2	1.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	14,135	6,695	7,435	98.6	98.8	98.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	4,975	...	...	77.2	...	...
Renter	1,465	...	...	22.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,210	...	...	18.8	...	...
Not condominium	5,235	...	...	81.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
1 bedroom	370	...	...	5.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,755	...	...	27.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,665	...	...	41.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,645	...	...	25.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,200	...	...	18.6	...	...
5 rooms	1,080	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	1,085	...	...	16.8	...	...
7 rooms	1,055	...	...	16.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,015	...	...	31.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,405	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	6,345	...	...	98.4	...	...
Not suitable	95	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	585	...	...	9.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,970	...	...	30.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	945	...	...	14.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,330	...	...	20.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	340	...	...	5.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	685	...	...	10.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	290	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	295	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	6,195	...	...	96.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	250	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,015	...	...	46.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,175	...	...	49.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	250	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	85	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	485	...	...	7.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	880	...	...	13.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	900	...	...	14.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,285	...	...	19.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,405	...	...	21.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,050	...	...	16.3	...	...
85 years and over	355	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,260	...	...	81.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,160	...	...	18.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,110	...	...	17.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,440	...	...	22.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,105	...	...	17.2	...	...
Not suitable only	75	...	...	1.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	180	...	...	2.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,005	...	...	77.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	465	...	...	7.3	...	...
Not in core need	5,905	...	...	92.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,975	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.3	...	...	50.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,216	...	...	1,216	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	628,000	...	...	628,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	663,000	...	...	663,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,470	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.9	...	...	12.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9	...	...	36.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.1	...	...	18.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,263	...	...	1,263	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	14,330	6,775	7,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	180	105	75	1.3	1.5	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	180	105	75	1.3	1.5	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	145	95	45	1.0	1.4	0.6
Métis single ancestry	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	885	440	445	6.2	6.5	5.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	865	420	445	6.0	6.2	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	520	255	270	3.6	3.8	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	315	155	155	2.2	2.3	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	13,265	6,230	7,035	92.6	92.0	93.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	14,330	6,775	7,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	13,885	6,565	7,330	96.9	96.9	97.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,460	1,205	1,255	17.2	17.8	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	11,430	5,355	6,070	79.8	79.0	80.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	440	210	230	3.1	3.1	3.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	14,330	6,775	7,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	12,480	5,900	6,580	87.1	87.1	87.1
Immigrants⁸¹	1,760	835	920	12.3	12.3	12.2
Before 1980	1,030	435	595	7.2	6.4	7.9
1980 to 1990	160	90	75	1.1	1.3	1.0
1991 to 2000	150	80	65	1.0	1.2	0.9
2001 to 2010	200	105	95	1.4	1.5	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	215	125	90	1.5	1.8	1.2
2011 to 2015	95	45	40	0.7	0.7	0.5
2016 to 2021	125	75	50	0.9	1.1	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	90	40	55	0.6	0.6	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,760	840	920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	265	150	120	15.1	17.9	13.0
5 to 14 years	280	165	115	15.9	19.6	12.5
15 to 24 years	410	165	245	23.3	19.6	26.6
25 to 44 years	710	315	390	40.3	37.5	42.4
45 years and over	95	45	55	5.4	5.4	6.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,760	840	920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	270	110	155	15.3	13.1	16.8
Brazil	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	175	75	95	9.9	8.9	10.3
Other places of birth in Americas	60	25	35	3.4	3.0	3.8
Europe	1,155	565	590	65.6	67.3	64.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
France	40	20	25	2.3	2.4	2.7
Germany	120	45	75	6.8	5.4	8.2
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Italy	20	20	0	1.1	2.4	0.0
Netherlands	40	15	25	2.3	1.8	2.7
Poland	15	10	10	0.9	1.2	1.1
Portugal	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	710	320	390	40.3	38.1	42.4
Other places of birth in Europe	160	105	50	9.1	12.5	5.4
Africa	70	40	30	4.0	4.8	3.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	30	20	2.6	3.6	2.2
Asia	210	95	120	11.9	11.3	13.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	1.1	1.2	1.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	75	25	45	4.3	3.0	4.9
Viet Nam	45	20	25	2.6	2.4	2.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	10	0	0.9	1.2	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	25	20	2.6	3.0	2.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	25	30	2.8	3.0	3.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	125	80	50	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	40	30	15	32.0	37.5	30.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	10	0	8.0	12.5	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	15	24.0	18.8	30.0
Europe	55	35	20	44.0	43.8	40.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	12.0	18.8	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	10	12.0	12.5	20.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	8.0	12.5	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	25	15	0	20.0	18.8	0.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	14,330	6,770	7,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,090	1,035	1,055	14.6	15.3	14.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,685	1,260	1,425	18.7	18.6	18.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	9,555	4,485	5,075	66.7	66.2	67.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	730	405	330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	405	220	185	55.5	54.3	56.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	185	90	95	25.3	22.2	28.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	220	135	85	30.1	33.3	25.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	285	145	140	39.0	35.8	42.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	35	10	5.5	8.6	3.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	730	405	330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	1.4	2.5	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	180	80	105	24.7	19.8	31.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	10	20	4.1	2.5	6.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	30	10	4.1	7.4	3.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	10	1.4	0.0	3.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	465	275	190	63.7	67.9	57.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	14,330	6,770	7,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	700	295	405	4.9	4.4	5.4
South Asian	100	65	40	0.7	1.0	0.5
Chinese	85	30	60	0.6	0.4	0.8
Black	100	50	50	0.7	0.7	0.7
Filipino	100	40	65	0.7	0.6	0.9
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Southeast Asian	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Japanese	95	25	60	0.7	0.4	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	80	40	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	13,625	6,480	7,150	95.1	95.7	94.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	14,330	6,770	7,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,705	835	865	11.9	12.3	11.4
English	5,245	2,435	2,810	36.6	36.0	37.2
Irish	2,840	1,250	1,590	19.8	18.5	21.0
Scottish	3,990	1,830	2,160	27.8	27.0	28.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,580	755	825	11.0	11.2	10.9
German	2,030	980	1,050	14.2	14.5	13.9
Chinese	125	40	85	0.9	0.6	1.1
Italian	485	205	280	3.4	3.0	3.7
Indian (India)	50	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukrainian	805	360	445	5.6	5.3	5.9
Dutch	800	365	435	5.6	5.4	5.8
Polish	455	210	245	3.2	3.1	3.2
Québécois	90	40	40	0.6	0.6	0.5
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,110	525	585	7.7	7.8	7.7
Filipino	105	40	60	0.7	0.6	0.8
French Canadian	235	120	115	1.6	1.8	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	245	125	120	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	375	195	180	2.6	2.9	2.4
Métis	360	190	175	2.5	2.8	2.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	415	210	200	2.9	3.1	2.6
Russian	235	95	135	1.6	1.4	1.8
Norwegian	590	275	310	4.1	4.1	4.1
Welsh	545	300	250	3.8	4.4	3.3
Portuguese	40	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
American	305	165	135	2.1	2.4	1.8
Spanish	65	25	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
Swedish	495	245	250	3.5	3.6	3.3
Hungarian	105	40	65	0.7	0.6	0.9
Acadian	70	40	30	0.5	0.6	0.4
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jewish	85	40	45	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	45	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	80	55	30	0.6	0.8	0.4
Lebanese	55	30	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	220	120	100	1.5	1.8	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	145	70	75	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belgian	130	50	80	0.9	0.7	1.1
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mennonite	55	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Swiss	105	55	50	0.7	0.8	0.7
Finnish	90	30	60	0.6	0.4	0.8
Sri Lankan	40	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Croatian	55	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japanese	110	35	70	0.8	0.5	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	45	20	0.5	0.7	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	110	35	80	0.8	0.5	1.1
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	150	75	80	1.0	1.1	1.1
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	35	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.4
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	40	10	25	0.3	0.1	0.3
Australian	110	50	60	0.8	0.7	0.8
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albertan	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.4
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	55	35	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	14,330	6,775	7,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	20	50	0.5	0.3	0.7
Christian	5,540	2,400	3,140	38.7	35.4	41.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	990	470	525	6.9	6.9	6.9
Anabaptist	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	855	365	495	6.0	5.4	6.5
Baptist	205	60	140	1.4	0.9	1.9
Catholic	1,785	805	980	12.5	11.9	13.0
Christian Orthodox	50	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	65	30	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	170	75	95	1.2	1.1	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	145	65	75	1.0	1.0	1.0
Presbyterian	95	45	50	0.7	0.7	0.7
Reformed	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Church	810	315	495	5.7	4.6	6.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	280	85	190	2.0	1.3	2.5
Hindu	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Jewish	40	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.4
Muslim	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sikh	35	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	205	65	135	1.4	1.0	1.8
No religion and secular perspectives	8,415	4,235	4,180	58.7	62.5	55.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	14,230	6,725	7,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	12,535	5,905	6,630	88.1	87.8	88.3
Movers	1,690	820	875	11.9	12.2	11.7
Non-migrants	580	290	285	4.1	4.3	3.8
Migrants	1,115	520	585	7.8	7.7	7.8
Internal migrants	1,015	490	520	7.1	7.3	6.9
Intraprovincial migrants	770	375	395	5.4	5.6	5.3
Interprovincial migrants	245	120	125	1.7	1.8	1.7
External migrants	100	35	65	0.7	0.5	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	13,820	6,525	7,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	8,020	3,825	4,195	58.0	58.6	57.5
Movers	5,800	2,705	3,095	42.0	41.5	42.5
Non-migrants	1,035	455	580	7.5	7.0	8.0
Migrants	4,765	2,250	2,515	34.5	34.5	34.5
Internal migrants	4,455	2,115	2,340	32.2	32.4	32.1
Intraprovincial migrants	3,055	1,415	1,635	22.1	21.7	22.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,405	695	710	10.2	10.7	9.7
External migrants	310	135	170	2.2	2.1	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,280	5,750	6,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,590	765	825	12.9	13.3	12.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,695	4,990	5,705	87.1	86.8	87.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,665	3,090	3,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	410	230	180	6.2	7.4	5.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,250	2,860	3,390	93.8	92.6	95.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,285	5,750	6,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,350	610	740	11.0	10.6	11.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,710	1,785	1,925	30.2	31.0	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,220	3,355	3,865	58.8	58.3	59.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,130	1,995	2,135	33.6	34.7	32.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,075	795	285	8.8	13.8	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	490	280	205	4.0	4.9	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	595	510	80	4.8	8.9	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,655	1,050	1,600	21.6	18.3	24.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	395	150	245	3.2	2.6	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,095	1,360	1,735	25.2	23.7	26.6
Bachelor's degree	1,845	775	1,070	15.0	13.5	16.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	210	85	120	1.7	1.5	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	85	60	1.2	1.5	0.9
Master's degree	790	360	435	6.4	6.3	6.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	55	45	0.8	1.0	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,670	3,095	3,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	320	165	160	4.8	5.3	4.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,750	855	895	26.2	27.6	25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,600	2,075	2,520	69.0	67.0	70.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,575	1,265	1,305	38.6	40.9	36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	625	480	145	9.4	15.5	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	295	190	105	4.4	6.1	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	325	285	35	4.9	9.2	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,705	680	1,020	25.6	22.0	28.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	245	100	145	3.7	3.2	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,030	815	1,215	30.4	26.3	34.0
Bachelor's degree	1,265	515	745	19.0	16.6	20.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110	25	85	1.6	0.8	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	110	50	60	1.6	1.6	1.7
Master's degree	495	195	300	7.4	6.3	8.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	25	30	0.8	0.8	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,285	5,750	6,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,065	2,400	2,665	41.2	41.7	40.8
Education	700	210	495	5.7	3.7	7.6
13. Education	700	210	495	5.7	3.7	7.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	295	150	140	2.4	2.6	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	240	110	130	2.0	1.9	2.0
Humanities	350	145	205	2.8	2.5	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	115	25	85	0.9	0.4	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	15	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	55	35	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	780	235	545	6.3	4.1	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	10	125	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	105	30	75	0.9	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	185	40	140	1.5	0.7	2.1
45. Social sciences	280	140	140	2.3	2.4	2.1
Business, management and public administration	1,200	440	755	9.8	7.7	11.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	150	40	110	1.2	0.7	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,045	400	645	8.5	7.0	9.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	260	165	100	2.1	2.9	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	55	60	0.9	1.0	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	35	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	85	70	15	0.7	1.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	145	75	75	1.2	1.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80	45	35	0.7	0.8	0.5
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.3	0.0	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,300	1,175	125	10.6	20.4	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	55	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	205	165	30	1.7	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	275	225	55	2.2	3.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	305	300	0	2.5	5.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	370	360	10	3.0	6.3	0.2
48. Precision production	100	90	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	235	130	105	1.9	2.3	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	45	75	0.9	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	90	30	1.0	1.6	0.5
Health and related fields	1,465	295	1,170	11.9	5.1	17.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	85	45	40	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,320	215	1,100	10.7	3.7	16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	485	330	155	3.9	5.7	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	170	70	95	1.4	1.2	1.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	30	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
43. Security and protective services	110	80	25	0.9	1.4	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	165	145	15	1.3	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,665	3,095	3,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,070	1,015	1,050	31.1	32.8	29.4
Education	370	130	245	5.6	4.2	6.9
13. Education	370	130	245	5.6	4.2	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	220	110	105	3.3	3.6	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	190	85	105	2.9	2.7	2.9
Humanities	195	80	115	2.9	2.6	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	40	0.8	0.5	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	30	40	0.9	1.0	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
54. History	30	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	540	120	420	8.1	3.9	11.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	20	20	0.5	0.6	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	100	10	90	1.5	0.3	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	65	0	55	1.0	0.0	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
42. Psychology	145	15	125	2.2	0.5	3.5
45. Social sciences	165	70	95	2.5	2.3	2.7
Business, management and public administration	805	285	525	12.1	9.2	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	95	15	80	1.4	0.5	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	715	270	450	10.7	8.7	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	165	95	70	2.5	3.1	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	70	30	45	1.1	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	25	15	0.5	0.8	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	50	35	15	0.8	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	95	55	45	1.4	1.8	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	60	40	20	0.9	1.3	0.6
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	765	690	75	11.5	22.3	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	30	30	10	0.5	1.0	0.3
14. Engineering	115	90	25	1.7	2.9	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	140	115	20	2.1	3.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	190	190	0	2.9	6.1	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	225	215	10	3.4	6.9	0.3
48. Precision production	65	55	10	1.0	1.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	175	85	90	2.6	2.7	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	95	35	65	1.4	1.1	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	55	25	1.2	1.8	0.7
Health and related fields	955	220	735	14.3	7.1	20.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	65	30	35	1.0	1.0	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	840	155	680	12.6	5.0	19.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	30	10	0.7	1.0	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	305	205	105	4.6	6.6	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	125	45	70	1.9	1.5	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
43. Security and protective services	70	50	20	1.1	1.6	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	90	10	1.5	2.9	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,665	3,095	3,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,070	1,015	1,050	31.1	32.8	29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,595	2,075	2,525	68.9	67.0	70.6
Location of study inside Canada	4,175	1,845	2,330	62.6	59.6	65.2
Same as province or territory of residence	2,665	1,160	1,500	40.0	37.5	42.0
Different than province or territory of residence	1,505	675	830	22.6	21.8	23.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	430	235	195	6.5	7.6	5.5
Americas	135	70	65	2.0	2.3	1.8
United States of America	125	65	60	1.9	2.1	1.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Europe	205	115	90	3.1	3.7	2.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	20	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	70	40	1.7	2.3	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Africa	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Asia	50	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	12,285	5,750	6,530	...	...	...
In the labour force	6,455	3,285	3,165	...	...	...
Employed	6,015	3,060	2,955	...	...	...
Unemployed	435	225	210	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	5,830	2,465	3,365	...	...	...
Participation rate	52.5	57.1	48.5	52.5	57.1	48.5
Employment rate	49.0	53.2	45.3	49.0	53.2	45.3
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.8	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	12,285	5,750	6,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,635	2,345	3,290	45.9	40.8	50.3
Worked	6,645	3,400	3,245	54.1	59.1	49.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,115	1,775	1,345	25.4	30.9	20.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,530	1,630	1,900	28.7	28.3	29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	41.0	39.4	40.2	41.0	39.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	6,450	3,290	3,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80	30	55	1.2	0.9	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,370	3,260	3,110	98.8	99.1	98.3
Employee	5,245	2,640	2,600	81.3	80.2	82.1
Permanent position	4,390	2,260	2,130	68.1	68.7	67.3
Temporary position	855	380	470	13.3	11.6	14.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	245	130	115	3.8	4.0	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	610	255	360	9.5	7.8	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,130	620	515	17.5	18.8	16.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	6,450	3,290	3,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80	30	55	1.2	0.9	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,370	3,260	3,110	98.8	99.1	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	45	30	20	0.7	0.9	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	890	250	640	13.8	7.6	20.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	420	305	115	6.5	9.3	3.6
3 Health occupations	700	145	560	10.9	4.4	17.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,035	550	480	16.0	16.7	15.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	265	100	160	4.1	3.0	5.1
6 Sales and service occupations	1,740	780	960	27.0	23.7	30.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	975	870	105	15.1	26.4	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	210	165	50	3.3	5.0	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	95	80	20	1.5	2.4	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	6,450	3,290	3,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	80	30	55	1.2	0.9	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	6,370	3,260	3,110	98.8	99.1	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	165	115	50	2.6	3.5	1.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	55	10	1.1	1.7	0.3
22 Utilities	35	35	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
23 Construction	500	430	70	7.8	13.1	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	185	130	55	2.9	4.0	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	120	100	20	1.9	3.0	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	890	435	455	13.8	13.2	14.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	235	160	75	3.6	4.9	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	90	55	35	1.4	1.7	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	140	55	90	2.2	1.7	2.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	140	75	75	2.2	2.3	2.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	440	195	240	6.8	5.9	7.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	205	125	85	3.2	3.8	2.7
61 Educational services	500	205	295	7.8	6.2	9.3
62 Health care and social assistance	1,030	195	835	16.0	5.9	26.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	175	90	85	2.7	2.7	2.7
72 Accommodation and food services	430	165	260	6.7	5.0	8.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	175	70	105	2.7	2.1	3.3
91 Public administration	835	560	275	12.9	17.0	8.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	7,135	3,640	3,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	6,850	3,510	3,345	96.0	96.4	95.8
French	30	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.6
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	210	110	100	2.9	3.0	2.9
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	7,135	3,640	3,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	7,105	3,620	3,485	99.6	99.5	99.9
Official languages	7,090	3,615	3,475	99.4	99.3	99.6
English	7,050	3,600	3,450	98.8	98.9	98.9
French	40	10	25	0.6	0.3	0.7
Non-official languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	30	20	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
English and French	25	20	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	7,135	3,640	3,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	6,915	3,540	3,375	96.9	97.3	96.7
English	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	180	90	90	2.5	2.5	2.6
Non-official language	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,010	3,060	2,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	925	395	525	15.4	12.9	17.8
Worked outside Canada	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
No fixed workplace address	835	640	195	13.9	20.9	6.6
Usual place of work	4,235	2,005	2,230	70.5	65.5	75.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,235	2,010	2,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,615	810	800	38.1	40.3	35.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,210	930	1,280	52.2	46.3	57.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	360	220	135	8.5	10.9	6.1
Commute to a different province or territory	60	45	10	1.4	2.2	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,075	2,650	2,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	4,275	2,205	2,070	84.2	83.2	85.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,980	2,075	1,905	78.4	78.3	78.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	300	130	170	5.9	4.9	7.0
Public transit	115	60	60	2.3	2.3	2.5
Walked	265	105	155	5.2	4.0	6.4
Bicycle	215	145	70	4.2	5.5	2.9
Other method	200	130	70	3.9	4.9	2.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,075	2,650	2,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,810	1,370	1,435	55.4	51.7	59.2
15 to 29 minutes	1,595	830	765	31.4	31.3	31.5
30 to 44 minutes	255	160	90	5.0	6.0	3.7
45 to 59 minutes	140	80	60	2.8	3.0	2.5
60 minutes and over	275	205	70	5.4	7.7	2.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,075	2,650	2,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	265	175	90	5.2	6.6	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	785	450	335	15.5	17.0	13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,390	800	585	27.4	30.2	24.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,230	525	700	24.2	19.8	28.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	810	385	430	16.0	14.5	17.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	585	305	285	11.5	11.5	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,560	1,300	1,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	445	220	230	17.4	16.9	18.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,115	1,075	1,035	82.6	82.7	81.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,005	1,020	985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	355	180	175	17.7	17.6	17.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	125	130	12.5	12.3	13.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	100	50	50	5.0	4.9	5.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,655	845	810	82.5	82.8	82.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 25, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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