Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Corner BrookMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Census agglomeration]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	29,762	...	...
Population, 2016¹	30,969^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 3.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	14,431	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,245	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	26.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,122.58	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	29,765	14,400	15,365
0 to 14 years	3,755	1,985	1,775
0 to 4 years	1,055	535	520
5 to 9 years	1,330	710	615
10 to 14 years	1,380	740	640
15 to 64 years	18,520	8,905	9,610
15 to 19 years	1,550	770	775
20 to 24 years	1,610	785	830
25 to 29 years	1,505	750	755
30 to 34 years	1,585	755	830
35 to 39 years	1,650	790	860
40 to 44 years	1,790	865	925
45 to 49 years	1,870	855	1,015
50 to 54 years	2,110	1,030	1,080
55 to 59 years	2,410	1,145	1,270
60 to 64 years	2,430	1,170	1,260
65 years and over	7,485	3,505	3,980
65 to 69 years	2,325	1,145	1,175
70 to 74 years	2,140	1,025	1,115
75 to 79 years	1,395	665	725
80 to 84 years	885	380	510
85 years and over	745	290	450
85 to 89 years	510	220	290
90 to 94 years	200	60	140
95 to 99 years	25	5	20
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6	13.8	11.6
15 to 64 years	62.2	61.8	62.5
65 years and over	25.1	24.3	25.9
85 years and over	2.5	2.0	2.9
Average age of the population	46.2	45.3	47.0
Median age of the population	48.8	48.0	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,245	...	...
Single-detached house	9,320	...	...
Semi-detached house	440	...	...
Row house	425	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,925	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,055	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,245	...	...
1 person	4,010	...	...
2 persons	5,265	...	...
3 persons	2,105	...	...
4 persons	1,365	...	...
5 or more persons	500	...	...
Number of persons in private households	28,980	14,030	14,945
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	26,005	12,410	13,590
Married or living common-law	15,120	7,550	7,570
Married	12,360	6,180	6,185
Living common-law	2,760	1,370	1,390
Living common law - Never married	2,085	1,035	1,045
Living common law - Separated	70	35	35
Living common law - Divorced	530	265	265
Living common law - Widowed	70	30	45
Not married and not living common-law	10,885	4,865	6,020
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,745	3,475	3,265
Not married and not living common law - Separated	550	225	325
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,730	700	1,025
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,865	460	1,405
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	8,930	...	...
2 persons	5,370	...	...
3 persons	2,010	...	...
4 persons	1,230	...	...
5 or more persons	320	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	8,935	...	...
Total couple families	7,405	...	...
Married couples	6,025	...	...
With children⁶	2,500	...	...
Without children	3,525	...	...
Common-law couples	1,380	...	...
With children⁶	550	...	...
Without children	830	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,525	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,215	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	310	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	28,980	14,030	14,945
Total - Persons in census families	23,375	11,540	11,840
Married spouses or common-law partners	14,805	7,400	7,410
Parents in one-parent families	1,530	315	1,220
Children⁶	7,035	3,830	3,210
In a two-parent family	4,875	2,670	2,200
In a one-parent family	2,165	1,155	1,010
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,600	2,495	3,110
Living alone	4,015	1,720	2,290
Living with other relatives⁷	535	205	330
Living with non-relatives only	1,055	565	485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,245	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,115	...	...
Couple-family households	6,875	...	...
With children⁶	2,835	...	...
Without children	4,040	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,235	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	280	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	320	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	485	...	...
One-person households	4,010	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	25,220	12,050	13,175
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,455	11,660	12,790
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,465	11,665	12,795
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,200	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,270	10,040	10,230
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	35,200	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,200	8,050	8,150
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,400	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,315	9,205	11,110
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,900	15,100	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,940	2,750	2,190
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	10,200	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,160	2,955	3,200
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	25,240	12,085	13,155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,470	11,680	12,795
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,320	52,500	40,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,475	11,680	12,795
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,920	43,160	35,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,420	10,110	10,305
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,680	47,600	35,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,200	8,070	8,130
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,240	47,680	36,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,495	9,315	11,180
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,800	14,140	13,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,105	2,880	2,235
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,950	10,940	8,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,255	2,895	3,360
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,530	8,210	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	25,235	12,085	13,155
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,300	3,590	3,710
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600	64,500	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,700	72,300	59,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,725	3,400	3,325
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,600	20,200	14,100
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,520	31,840	21,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.0	78.6	71.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.4	62.7	57.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.0	21.5	29.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.5	5.1	3.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.4	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	25,225	12,050	13,175
Without total income	765	385	385
With total income	24,455	11,665	12,790
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,815	730	1,085
$10,000 to $19,999	3,260	1,205	2,060
$20,000 to $29,999	4,235	1,825	2,415
$30,000 to $39,999	3,655	1,675	1,980
$40,000 to $49,999	3,260	1,615	1,645
$50,000 to $59,999	2,420	1,245	1,170
$60,000 to $69,999	1,485	810	675
$70,000 to $79,999	1,065	640	430
$80,000 to $89,999	900	510	390
$90,000 to $99,999	725	365	365
$100,000 and over	1,630	1,050	580
$100,000 to $149,999	1,185	730	455
$150,000 and over	440	315	125
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	25,225	12,050	13,175
Without after-tax income	760	385	375
With after-tax income	24,460	11,665	12,800
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,910	750	1,165
$10,000 to $19,999	3,425	1,280	2,145
$20,000 to $29,999	5,170	2,265	2,900
$30,000 to $39,999	4,320	2,090	2,225
$40,000 to $49,999	3,635	1,815	1,825
$50,000 to $59,999	2,085	1,170	910
$60,000 to $69,999	1,395	810	580
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010	505	505
$80,000 to $89,999	575	340	230
$90,000 to $99,999	310	195	115
$100,000 and over	635	440	190
$100,000 to $124,999	345	245	105
$125,000 and over	285	200	90
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	25,225	12,050	13,175
Without employment income	9,025	4,005	5,025
With employment income	16,195	8,045	8,145
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,470	1,085	1,385
$5,000 to $9,999	1,375	620	755
$10,000 to $19,999	2,045	965	1,085
$20,000 to $29,999	1,750	850	900
$30,000 to $39,999	1,575	760	820
$40,000 to $49,999	1,585	740	845
$50,000 to $59,999	1,230	600	630
$60,000 to $69,999	860	490	365
$70,000 to $79,999	765	440	325
$80,000 to $89,999	660	365	295
$90,000 to $99,999	595	280	315
$100,000 and over	1,275	850	425
$100,000 to $124,999	705	415	290
$125,000 and over	575	435	145
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	25,220	12,050	13,175
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,065	11,450	12,610
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,800	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,080	11,455	12,625
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,600	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,230	10,005	10,225
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,485	8,165	8,325
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,600	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,515	8,215	10,300
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,400	13,000	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,790	2,650	2,140
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,400	10,600	7,900
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	25,240	12,085	13,155
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,070	11,470	12,595
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	52,050	38,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,085	11,470	12,620
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,640	42,320	33,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,315	10,060	10,255
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,080	49,480	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,495	8,160	8,330
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,640	49,840	37,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,670	8,370	10,300
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,390	11,860	11,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,790	2,670	2,120
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,440	11,070	9,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	25,235	12,085	13,155
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,230	3,560	3,670
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	61,200	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,800	69,300	58,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,345	3,210	3,130
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,400	27,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	40,560	25,260
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.4	83.4	76.8
Employment income (%)	66.2	68.2	63.7
Government transfers (%)	19.6	16.6	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.6	5.0	4.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,245	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,010	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,230	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,245	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,020	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,230	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,245	...	...
Under $5,000	90	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	225	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	275	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	825	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	585	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	635	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	700	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	565	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	575	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,080	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	910	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	885	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	885	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	725	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,130	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,405	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,015	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,070	...	...
$200,000 and over	645	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,245	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	150	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	235	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	290	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	900	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	700	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	695	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	800	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	715	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	640	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,250	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,125	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,075	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	870	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	740	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,980	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,345	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	825	...	...
$150,000 and over	810	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	8,850	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,075	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,115	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,430	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,065	2,290	2,780
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	34,800	30,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400	31,800	28,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	8,840	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,100	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,115	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,435	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,095	2,290	2,800
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,760	43,520	38,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,800	33,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	28,975	14,035	14,945
0 to 17 years	4,635	2,430	2,205
0 to 5 years	1,290	670	625
18 to 64 years	17,410	8,335	9,075
65 years and over	6,935	3,265	3,665
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,280	1,865	2,420
0 to 17 years	750	400	350
0 to 5 years	235	120	115
18 to 64 years	2,035	890	1,145
65 years and over	1,495	575	920
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.8	13.3	16.2
0 to 17 years (%)	16.2	16.4	15.9
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	17.6	18.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	10.6	12.6
65 years and over (%)	21.6	17.7	25.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	28,980	14,030	14,945
0 to 17 years	4,640	2,435	2,205
0 to 5 years	1,295	670	625
18 to 64 years	17,410	8,330	9,080
65 years and over	6,930	3,270	3,665
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,020	470	550
0 to 17 years	125	60	65
0 to 5 years	40	15	20
18 to 64 years	830	390	445
65 years and over	65	20	45
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.3	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.5	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.6	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.6	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	28,980	14,030	14,945
In bottom half of the distribution	16,665	7,790	8,875
In bottom decile	3,315	1,450	1,860
In second decile	3,890	1,730	2,165
In third decile	3,340	1,630	1,705
In fourth decile	3,105	1,510	1,595
In fifth decile	3,010	1,460	1,545
In top half of the distribution	12,315	6,245	6,070
In sixth decile	3,105	1,555	1,545
In seventh decile	2,815	1,415	1,400
In eighth decile	2,745	1,395	1,350
In ninth decile	2,195	1,135	1,060
In top decile	1,455	745	710
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	28,980	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.468	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	29,215	14,175	15,040
English only	27,865	13,605	14,265
French only	0	0	5
English and French	1,320	560	765
Neither English nor French	20	10	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	29,215	14,175	15,040
English	29,085	14,105	14,975
French	90	55	40
English and French	20	5	10
Neither English nor French	15	10	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	29,215	14,175	15,040
Single responses	29,070	14,110	14,960
Official languages	28,615	13,875	14,740
English	28,510	13,815	14,695
French	105	60	40
Non-official languages	460	235	220
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	455	235	220
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	30	50
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	30	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	5	0	0
Tamil	5	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	240	135	105
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	20
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	10	20
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	50	30	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	15	10
German	20	15	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10
Afrikaans	10	10	5
Dutch	5	5	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0
Swedish	5	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	115	70	45
Indo-Aryan languages	110	65	40
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	10	5	0
Hindi	20	5	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	25	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	15	15	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	5	0
Portuguese	10	10	0
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	30	10	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	5
American Sign Language	0	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	20
Chinese languages	35	20	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	5	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	145	65	80
English and French	45	15	30
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	45
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	29,215	14,175	15,040
English	28,525	13,850	14,675
French	25	10	10
Non-official language	125	65	60
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	125	65	55
English and French	145	50	90
English and non-official language(s)	370	180	195
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	15	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	29,215	14,175	15,040
Single responses	29,095	14,125	14,975
Official languages	28,845	13,995	14,850
English	28,810	13,980	14,825
French	30	15	20
Non-official languages	255	125	125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	255	125	125
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	20	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	45	20	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	135	75	60
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5
Afrikaans	10	10	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	90	55	40
Indo-Aryan languages	80	50	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	5	5	0
Hindi	15	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5
Urdu	10	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	5	0	0
Spanish	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10
Chinese languages	25	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	120	50	65
English and French	25	5	15
English and non-official language(s)	90	40	50
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	29,215	14,175	15,035
None	28,780	13,970	14,805
English	125	55	65
French	120	45	75
Non-official language	155	75	75
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5
Non-Indigenous	150	75	70
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	28,980	14,060	14,915
Official languages	28,965	14,055	14,915
English	28,960	14,050	14,915
French	1,295	560	730
Non-official languages	765	425	345
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10
Algonquian languages	15	10	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	10	10	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	745	410	335
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	40	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	55	40	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	50	40	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	100	45	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	45	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	390	220	170
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	25	40
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	70	25	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0
Russian	40	15	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	0	10
Irish	10	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	55	40	20
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	20	10
German	30	20	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	25	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	20	15	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	90	45
Indo-Aryan languages	125	90	40
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	15	15
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	35	30	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	50	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	80	70
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	20	10	10
Romanian	10	0	0
Spanish	115	55	60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	10	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	60	40	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	20	20
American Sign Language	35	15	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15
Chinese languages	30	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	28,975	14,060	14,915
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,810	3,655	4,160
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,990	3,220	3,770
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,320	2,900	3,415
Métis	465	230	235
Inuk (Inuit)	210	95	115
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	125	55	65
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695	375	320
Non-Indigenous identity	21,170	10,410	10,755
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	28,975	14,060	14,915
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,430	2,525	2,905
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	23,545	11,535	12,010
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,245	...	...
Owner	9,240	...	...
Renter	4,005	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,245	...	...
Condominium	270	...	...
Not condominium	12,975	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,245	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...
1 bedroom	1,085	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,070	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,840	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,225	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,245	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,450	...	...
5 rooms	2,155	...	...
6 rooms	2,030	...	...
7 rooms	1,935	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,675	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,245	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,205	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,245	...	...
Suitable	13,050	...	...
Not suitable	200	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,245	...	...
1960 or before	3,100	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,410	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,625	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,590	...	...
2001 to 2005	580	...	...
2006 to 2010	765	...	...
2011 to 2015	645	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	530	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,245	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	12,540	...	...
Major repairs needed	705	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,245	...	...
One-maintainer household	6,645	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,210	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	385	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,245	...	...
15 to 24 years	480	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,465	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,860	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,255	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,750	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,600	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,375	...	...
85 years and over	465	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,225	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,900	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,320	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,155	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,245	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,040	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,140	...	...
Not suitable only	180	...	...
Major repairs needed only	525	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,210	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	13,055	...	...
In core need	840	...	...
Not in core need	12,220	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,240	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,105	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	240,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	256,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,000	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	26.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	901	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	28,975	14,060	14,920
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,955	2,345	2,610
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,905	2,315	2,595
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,580	2,130	2,450
Métis single ancestry	190	105	85
Inuit single ancestry	140	80	60
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	45	30	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	15	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,140	1,935	2,205
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,015	1,870	2,150
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,710	1,705	2,000
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	175	100	75
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	140	65	70
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	120	70	55
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	40	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,885	9,780	10,105
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	28,980	14,060	14,920
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	28,535	13,800	14,735
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,615	2,420	2,200
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	23,920	11,380	12,535
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	440	260	180
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	28,980	14,060	14,920
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	28,160	13,615	14,540
Immigrants⁸¹	660	355	305
Before 1980	190	100	90
1980 to 1990	40	15	20
1991 to 2000	50	30	20
2001 to 2010	120	65	60
2011 to 2021⁸²	265	145	120
2011 to 2015	90	55	40
2016 to 2021	165	90	80
Non-permanent residents⁸³	160	90	70
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	660	360	305
Under 5 years	85	45	35
5 to 14 years	110	60	50
15 to 24 years	130	65	60
25 to 44 years	295	155	135
45 years and over	50	35	15
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	660	360	305
Americas	95	55	45
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	60	40	15
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15
Europe	265	140	130
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	10	0	10
Germany	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	0
Poland	10	0	0
Portugal	10	10	0
Romania	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	55	60
Other places of birth in Europe	70	45	30
Africa	50	30	25
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	15	15
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15
Asia	245	130	110
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	10	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	75	40	35
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10
India	60	40	20
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	20	20
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	170	90	80
Americas	20	15	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	125	60	60
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	60	30	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	28,975	14,060	14,915
First generation¹⁰⁰	900	485	415
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,070	590	475
Third generation or more¹⁰²	27,005	12,985	14,025
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	475	255	220
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	310	160	145
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	130	70	60
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	180	95	85
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	125	70	50
Refugees¹⁰⁸	35	20	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	475	255	220
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	125	70	55
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	25	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	60	50	15
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	235	110	130
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	28,975	14,060	14,915
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	640	365	270
South Asian	175	115	60
Chinese	45	30	15
Black	130	80	50
Filipino	110	45	55
Arab	70	60	15
Latin American	35	20	20
Southeast Asian	50	20	30
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,335	13,695	14,645
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	28,980	14,060	14,920
Canadian	6,100	2,885	3,205
English	9,805	4,760	5,050
Irish	5,350	2,505	2,845
Scottish	2,265	1,140	1,130
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,000	920	1,075
German	630	295	325
Chinese	60	40	25
Italian	140	95	50
Indian (India)	130	85	45
Ukrainian	45	10	35
Dutch	105	65	45
Polish	130	45	85
Québécois	20	10	15
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,300	635	665
Filipino	90	45	50
French Canadian	50	15	35
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,010	460	550
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,290	1,035	1,260
Métis	485	280	205
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	500	265	240
Russian	60	10	55
Norwegian	110	70	40
Welsh	370	195	170
Portuguese	80	50	30
American	130	85	50
Spanish	35	10	25
Swedish	110	40	75
Hungarian	35	15	25
Acadian	100	45	50
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	30	25	10
Jewish	50	35	20
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	10	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	15
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	40	25	10
Lebanese	105	80	25
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	80	45	30
Danish	20	0	10
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	635	300	330
Sikh	20	15	0
Austrian	0	0	0
Belgian	15	10	0
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	15	10	0
Swiss	25	15	10
Finnish	30	10	20
Sri Lankan	15	10	10
Croatian	20	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	3,435	1,665	1,770
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	80	35	45
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	50	35	10
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	20	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,610	745	860
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	25	10	10
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	295	150	140
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	15	10
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	10	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	45	15	30
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	15	10
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	35
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	10	10
Barbadian	10	10	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	45	35	20
Latvian	10	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	25	0	20
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	1,990	870	1,120
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	28,975	14,060	14,915
Buddhist	30	0	25
Christian	23,845	11,245	12,595
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	865	425	440
Anabaptist	15	0	10
Anglican	8,090	3,835	4,255
Baptist	135	45	85
Catholic	8,350	3,955	4,395
Christian Orthodox	20	10	15
Jehovah's Witness	110	60	55
Latter Day Saints	30	10	20
Lutheran	25	20	10
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,475	725	745
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,335	620	710
Presbyterian	35	10	25
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	3,165	1,420	1,745
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	195	110	85
Hindu	60	30	25
Jewish	15	10	0
Muslim	90	55	35
Sikh	70	55	20
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	10	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	50	20	30
No religion and secular perspectives	4,805	2,635	2,170
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	28,760	13,960	14,795
Non-movers	25,960	12,550	13,405
Movers	2,795	1,405	1,385
Non-migrants	1,655	795	855
Migrants	1,145	610	530
Internal migrants	1,085	575	510
Intraprovincial migrants	660	330	335
Interprovincial migrants	425	245	175
External migrants	60	35	20
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	27,945	13,575	14,370
Non-movers	18,900	9,185	9,720
Movers	9,040	4,395	4,650
Non-migrants	3,655	1,795	1,855
Migrants	5,390	2,595	2,795
Internal migrants	5,080	2,415	2,670
Intraprovincial migrants	3,775	1,730	2,045
Interprovincial migrants	1,310	685	625
External migrants	305	185	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,240	12,085	13,155
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,690	2,300	2,390
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,545	9,785	10,760
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,155	7,215	7,940
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,705	905	805
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,450	6,310	7,140
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	25,235	12,085	13,155
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,245	2,005	2,245
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,045	3,435	3,610
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,940	6,645	7,295
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,575	4,825	4,755
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,815	2,130	685
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,245	690	545
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,570	1,435	135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,300	2,460	3,835
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	465	230	240
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,365	1,820	2,540
Bachelor's degree	2,960	1,220	1,735
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	170	40	125
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	145	70	70
Master's degree	920	375	550
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	175	115	60
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,150	7,210	7,945
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,415	715	700
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,485	1,780	1,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,250	4,710	5,535
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,895	3,405	3,485
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,835	1,375	465
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	850	480	370
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	990	895	90
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,740	1,865	2,880
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	310	165	145
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,355	1,300	2,050
Bachelor's degree	2,255	885	1,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110	25	90
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	115	60	55
Master's degree	720	240	475
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	150	100	55
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	25,235	12,080	13,155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,300	5,440	5,855
Education	1,080	380	700
13. Education	1,080	380	700
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	225	105	120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	210	90	120
Humanities	380	180	200
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	110	45	65
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	30	75
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	45	30
54. History	40	35	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	935	280	660
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	40	10	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	220	10	210
22. Legal professions and studies	80	30	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10
42. Psychology	315	95	220
45. Social sciences	265	125	140
Business, management and public administration	2,825	625	2,200
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	130	20	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,695	605	2,095
Physical and life sciences and technologies	325	175	155
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	145	85	60
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	50	45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	60	25	40
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	15	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	400	210	190
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	320	180	145
25. Library science	30	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	35	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,280	3,020	260
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	15
14. Engineering	205	180	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	840	670	170
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,095	1,060	35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	890	870	20
48. Precision production	235	235	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	590	380	215
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	125	25	100
03. Natural resources and conservation	470	355	120
Health and related fields	2,590	420	2,170
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	75	40	30
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,475	365	2,115
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	15	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,300	870	435
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	505	110	400
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	165	155	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	615	590	25
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,155	7,215	7,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,905	2,500	2,405
Education	640	220	420
13. Education	640	220	420
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	170	80	90
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	165	70	90
Humanities	260	110	150
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	85	40	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	70	30	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	25	30
54. History	15	15	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	765	200	560
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	185	10	175
22. Legal professions and studies	75	25	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0
42. Psychology	250	60	190
45. Social sciences	220	100	120
Business, management and public administration	2,140	460	1,685
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	10	85
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,040	445	1,595
Physical and life sciences and technologies	250	140	110
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	75	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	35	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	45	20	30
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	330	190	145
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	275	170	115
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	20	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,295	2,050	245
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10
14. Engineering	165	140	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	705	535	165
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	755	730	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	505	485	20
48. Precision production	155	155	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	455	270	185
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	105	15	80
03. Natural resources and conservation	355	250	105
Health and related fields	1,985	340	1,640
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	35	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,885	295	1,590
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	10	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	960	660	300
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	365	80	285
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	145	135	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	445	435	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	15,155	7,215	7,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,905	2,500	2,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,245	4,715	5,540
Location of study inside Canada	9,945	4,565	5,385
Same as province or territory of residence	8,095	3,715	4,375
Different than province or territory of residence	1,850	840	1,010
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	305	150	155
Americas	85	55	30
United States of America	75	45	30
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	80	45	40
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	25	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	20	15	0
Africa	20	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	120	45	70
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	45	15	30
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	10	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	30	15	15
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	25,235	12,085	13,155
In the labour force	14,190	7,135	7,055
Employed	12,195	5,905	6,295
Unemployed	1,995	1,230	760
Not in the labour force	11,050	4,950	6,100
Participation rate	56.2	59.0	53.6
Employment rate	48.3	48.9	47.9
Unemployment rate	14.1	17.2	10.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	25,235	12,080	13,155
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,835	4,900	5,930
Worked	14,400	7,180	7,220
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,385	3,630	3,755
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,020	3,555	3,465
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.0	38.2	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	14,185	7,130	7,055
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	385	230	155
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,800	6,905	6,900
Employee	12,740	6,280	6,465
Permanent position	9,165	4,395	4,765
Temporary position	3,575	1,880	1,695
Fixed term (1 year or more)	610	290	320
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,965	1,585	1,375
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,060	625	435
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	14,185	7,130	7,055
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	385	230	155
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,800	6,905	6,900
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	80	50	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,765	450	1,310
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	680	550	130
3 Health occupations	1,685	295	1,390
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,140	710	1,430
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	270	140	130
6 Sales and service occupations	3,850	1,670	2,185
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,520	2,375	145
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	310	280	25
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	505	380	120
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	14,185	7,130	7,055
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	385	230	155
All industries¹⁹¹	13,800	6,905	6,900
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	285	205	85
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	210	195	10
22 Utilities	95	95	0
23 Construction	1,145	985	160
31-33 Manufacturing	690	545	145
41 Wholesale trade	335	255	75
44-45 Retail trade	2,270	1,095	1,175
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	540	445	90
51 Information and cultural industries	150	85	65
52 Finance and insurance	250	80	165
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	145	95	50
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	445	250	195
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	10	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	350	210	135
61 Educational services	1,190	465	720
62 Health care and social assistance	2,980	605	2,375
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	225	100	120
72 Accommodation and food services	845	355	490
81 Other services (except public administration)	580	235	350
91 Public administration	1,060	585	475
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	15,370	7,665	7,705
English	15,230	7,610	7,625
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	120	55	65
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	15,370	7,665	7,705
Single responses	15,360	7,665	7,695
Official languages	15,360	7,665	7,695
English	15,325	7,660	7,665
French	35	10	25
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	15,370	7,665	7,705
None	15,250	7,610	7,635
English	30	10	25
French	85	45	40
Non-official language	10	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	12,195	5,900	6,295
Worked at home	1,020	410	615
Worked outside Canada	30	20	10
No fixed workplace address	1,600	1,125	475
Usual place of work	9,550	4,355	5,200
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,550	4,350	5,200
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	6,015	2,655	3,360
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,850	1,280	1,570
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	560	320	240
Commute to a different province or territory	120	95	30
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	11,145	5,475	5,670
Car, truck or van	10,125	4,885	5,240
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,150	4,530	4,630
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	975	360	615
Public transit	75	50	25
Walked	645	295	345
Bicycle	15	15	0
Other method	285	230	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	11,145	5,475	5,670
Less than 15 minutes	6,695	3,135	3,555
15 to 29 minutes	3,155	1,575	1,580
30 to 44 minutes	745	365	380
45 to 59 minutes	165	115	45
60 minutes and over	385	280	100
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	11,145	5,475	5,670
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	385	335	55
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,195	815	380
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,545	1,855	1,690
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,330	1,385	1,945
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,380	490	890
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,310	595	715
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,735	2,485	2,250
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	135	70	65
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,600	2,415	2,185
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,600	1,900	1,700
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	105	60	45
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	40	20	20
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	65	35	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,495	1,845	1,645

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 8, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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