Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	DauphinMore information: Manitoba [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	8,034	...	...
Population, 2016¹	8,233^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 2.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	3,877	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	3,619	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,010.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7.95	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	8,035	3,775	4,265
0 to 14 years	1,530	760	765
0 to 4 years	495	255	240
5 to 9 years	495	250	245
10 to 14 years	540	260	280
15 to 64 years	4,605	2,205	2,395
15 to 19 years	455	240	210
20 to 24 years	510	250	265
25 to 29 years	490	250	245
30 to 34 years	475	215	260
35 to 39 years	445	195	250
40 to 44 years	450	210	240
45 to 49 years	410	205	205
50 to 54 years	420	200	220
55 to 59 years	455	215	245
60 to 64 years	485	220	260
65 years and over	1,900	800	1,100
65 to 69 years	450	210	245
70 to 74 years	430	190	240
75 to 79 years	370	150	225
80 to 84 years	290	125	160
85 years and over	365	125	240
85 to 89 years	210	85	125
90 to 94 years	105	30	75
95 to 99 years	40	10	25
100 years and over	10	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	20.1	17.9
15 to 64 years	57.3	58.4	56.2
65 years and over	23.6	21.2	25.8
85 years and over	4.5	3.3	5.6
Average age of the population	42.4	40.6	43.9
Median age of the population	41.2	39.2	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	3,620	...	...
Single-detached house	2,645	...	...
Semi-detached house	65	...	...
Row house	150	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	65	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	405	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	55	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	230	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	3,620	...	...
1 person	1,415	...	...
2 persons	1,195	...	...
3 persons	400	...	...
4 persons	365	...	...
5 or more persons	240	...	...
Number of persons in private households	7,800	3,655	4,145
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	6,505	3,010	3,495
Married or living common-law	3,220	1,610	1,610
Married	2,555	1,280	1,275
Living common-law	665	330	335
Living common law - Never married	520	255	270
Living common law - Separated	25	15	10
Living common law - Divorced	110	60	55
Living common law - Widowed	10	5	5
Not married and not living common-law	3,285	1,395	1,885
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,020	1,060	965
Not married and not living common law - Separated	170	60	110
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	475	170	305
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	620	110	510
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,095	...	...
2 persons	1,180	...	...
3 persons	375	...	...
4 persons	350	...	...
5 or more persons	190	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,100	...	...
Total couple families	1,550	...	...
Married couples	1,225	...	...
With children⁶	535	...	...
Without children	690	...	...
Common-law couples	335	...	...
With children⁶	150	...	...
Without children	185	...	...
Total one-parent families	545	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	450	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	90	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	7,800	3,655	4,145
Total - Persons in census families	5,905	2,835	3,070
Married spouses or common-law partners	3,110	1,550	1,555
Parents in one-parent families	540	90	455
Children⁶	2,255	1,195	1,060
In a two-parent family	1,325	710	615
In a one-parent family	935	485	450
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,895	825	1,070
Living alone	1,415	575	840
Living with other relatives⁷	205	100	105
Living with non-relatives only	275	150	125
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	3,620	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	1,915	...	...
Couple-family households	1,455	...	...
With children⁶	635	...	...
Without children	825	...	...
One-parent-family households	460	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	45	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	95	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	145	...	...
One-person households	1,415	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	6,275	2,895	3,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,125	2,805	3,320
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,125	2,805	3,320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,370	2,490	2,880
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	33,600	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,140	2,025	2,115
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	35,200	29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,690	2,555	3,135
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,100	9,000	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	600	300	300
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,395	640	755
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	6,240	2,880	3,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,120	2,810	3,310
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	50,720	40,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,120	2,810	3,310
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,920	41,080	35,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,270	2,500	2,770
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,360	46,200	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,120	2,040	2,075
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,360	44,720	36,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,705	2,570	3,130
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,120	10,550	13,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	545	255	285
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,560	6,120	6,950
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,355	585	770
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,270	9,720	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	6,240	2,880	3,360
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,930	1,055	875
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	54,800	46,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,000	58,100	57,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,635	730	900
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,920	31,550	23,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	75.0	81.0	68.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.1	64.0	56.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.0	19.0	31.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.1	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	4.0	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	6,275	2,895	3,380
Without total income	150	95	60
With total income	6,125	2,805	3,320
Under $10,000 (including loss)	475	245	225
$10,000 to $19,999	750	310	440
$20,000 to $29,999	1,235	485	750
$30,000 to $39,999	895	360	535
$40,000 to $49,999	800	360	440
$50,000 to $59,999	585	280	305
$60,000 to $69,999	425	215	205
$70,000 to $79,999	245	125	125
$80,000 to $89,999	235	145	90
$90,000 to $99,999	145	70	70
$100,000 and over	340	205	135
$100,000 to $149,999	250	150	100
$150,000 and over	90	55	35
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	6,275	2,895	3,380
Without after-tax income	150	90	60
With after-tax income	6,125	2,805	3,320
Under $10,000 (including loss)	510	255	255
$10,000 to $19,999	780	330	450
$20,000 to $29,999	1,440	565	870
$30,000 to $39,999	1,100	480	615
$40,000 to $49,999	835	405	430
$50,000 to $59,999	550	265	280
$60,000 to $69,999	365	190	175
$70,000 to $79,999	230	115	110
$80,000 to $89,999	135	75	60
$90,000 to $99,999	55	30	25
$100,000 and over	130	85	50
$100,000 to $124,999	60	40	20
$125,000 and over	75	45	25
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	6,275	2,895	3,380
Without employment income	2,130	870	1,265
With employment income	4,140	2,025	2,115
Under $5,000 (including loss)	555	265	290
$5,000 to $9,999	395	190	200
$10,000 to $19,999	505	215	295
$20,000 to $29,999	530	245	285
$30,000 to $39,999	495	210	285
$40,000 to $49,999	440	210	230
$50,000 to $59,999	295	155	140
$60,000 to $69,999	240	130	110
$70,000 to $79,999	155	100	55
$80,000 to $89,999	180	95	80
$90,000 to $99,999	115	55	55
$100,000 and over	250	150	100
$100,000 to $124,999	140	75	60
$125,000 and over	110	70	40
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	6,275	2,895	3,380
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,000	2,735	3,265
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,000	2,735	3,265
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	33,600	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,325	2,445	2,875
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	35,200	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,200	2,015	2,180
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,000	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,335	2,405	2,930
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	3,020	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	535	255	285
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,880	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	6,240	2,880	3,360
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,010	2,755	3,255
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,960	38,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,010	2,755	3,255
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,800	38,760	33,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,255	2,485	2,770
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,840	44,320	33,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,175	2,035	2,145
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,200	44,800	35,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,335	2,440	2,895
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,470	7,870	10,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	540	225	315
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,520	8,900	8,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	6,240	2,880	3,360
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,910	1,030	880
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	47,200	54,000	44,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	56,050	56,900	55,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,540	675	865
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	26,200	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,200	37,000	26,650
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.2	85.2	75.0
Employment income (%)	65.8	70.4	61.2
Government transfers (%)	19.8	14.8	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.5	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	3,615	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,415	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,200	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	3,600	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,415	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,190	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	3,615	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	245	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	230	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	170	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	190	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	215	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	340	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	305	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	265	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	225	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	185	...	...
$100,000 and over	850	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	320	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	210	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	195	...	...
$200,000 and over	130	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	3,615	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	260	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	265	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	215	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	235	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	220	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	210	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	395	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	335	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	280	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	190	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	180	...	...
$100,000 and over	590	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	285	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	140	...	...
$150,000 and over	170	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,110	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	835	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	685	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	520	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,690	720	965
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	36,000	30,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	32,000	29,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,095	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	850	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	670	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	510	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,680	705	980
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,880	44,500	36,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,320	37,200	32,300
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	7,800	3,660	4,140
0 to 17 years	1,815	915	895
0 to 5 years	610	320	295
18 to 64 years	4,265	2,020	2,250
65 years and over	1,720	720	1,000
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,400	580	820
0 to 17 years	400	195	205
0 to 5 years	180	90	90
18 to 64 years	620	270	355
65 years and over	375	110	260
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.9	15.8	19.8
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	21.4	23.0
0 to 5 years (%)	29.8	28.8	31.2
18 to 64 years (%)	14.6	13.3	15.7
65 years and over (%)	21.8	15.6	26.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	7,800	3,655	4,145
0 to 17 years	1,815	915	895
0 to 5 years	610	315	290
18 to 64 years	4,265	2,020	2,245
65 years and over	1,720	725	995
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	345	180	170
0 to 17 years	55	30	25
0 to 5 years	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	260	130	130
65 years and over	30	20	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.8	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.0	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.4	4.5	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.4	5.8
65 years and over (%)	1.7	2.4	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	7,800	3,655	4,145
In bottom half of the distribution	5,300	2,410	2,890
In bottom decile	1,195	510	690
In second decile	1,290	550	735
In third decile	1,095	500	595
In fourth decile	870	415	455
In fifth decile	845	435	415
In top half of the distribution	2,495	1,245	1,250
In sixth decile	710	365	345
In seventh decile	600	300	305
In eighth decile	540	260	285
In ninth decile	375	190	185
In top decile	280	140	140
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	7,800	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.488	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	7,865	3,700	4,170
English only	7,375	3,455	3,920
French only	5	5	0
English and French	470	230	240
Neither English nor French	20	10	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	7,865	3,700	4,170
English	7,740	3,640	4,100
French	100	45	60
English and French	5	5	5
Neither English nor French	20	5	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	7,865	3,700	4,170
Single responses	7,650	3,605	4,045
Official languages	6,835	3,250	3,590
English	6,720	3,200	3,520
French	120	50	70
Non-official languages	805	350	450
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30
Algonquian languages	45	20	25
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	20	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	40	20	20
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	5	15
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	755	330	420
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	125	60	65
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	50	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	20	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	525	215	305
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	370	145	220
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	370	145	220
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	335	130	205
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	45	20	25
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	20
German	30	15	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	40	50
Indo-Aryan languages	90	40	45
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	15	15	5
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	25	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0
Korean	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	10
Chinese languages	15	5	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	220	95	125
English and French	40	20	25
English and non-official language(s)	155	65	90
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	7,865	3,700	4,170
English	7,085	3,350	3,735
French	20	10	5
Non-official language	130	65	70
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	130	65	70
English and French	60	30	35
English and non-official language(s)	530	225	305
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	7,865	3,700	4,170
Single responses	7,740	3,640	4,100
Official languages	7,470	3,510	3,960
English	7,445	3,495	3,950
French	25	15	10
Non-official languages	275	130	145
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	275	130	145
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	75	40	35
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	40	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	30	15	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	125	50	80
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	15	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	45	15	30
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	15	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	10	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	0	10
German	5	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	70	30	40
Indo-Aryan languages	65	30	35
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	10	5	5
Hindi	10	10	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	5
Chinese languages	10	0	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	125	55	65
English and French	10	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	115	55	60
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	7,865	3,700	4,170
None	7,350	3,480	3,870
English	100	45	55
French	55	25	30
Non-official language	315	120	190
Indigenous³⁹	40	15	20
Non-Indigenous	270	110	165
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	7,725	3,595	4,130
Official languages	7,695	3,580	4,115
English	7,695	3,580	4,115
French	495	255	240
Non-official languages	1,135	445	690
Indigenous languages³⁹	120	55	65
Algonquian languages	115	55	60
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	10	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	110	50	60
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	110	50	60
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	10	20
Ojibway, n.o.s.	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,015	395	625
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	25	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	145	55	90
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15
Cebuano	30	0	25
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	55	80
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	45	30	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	30	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	685	245	445
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	470	155	315
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	470	155	315
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	10
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	450	145	305
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	85	25	60
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	65	25	40
German	65	25	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	0	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	20	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	45	60
Indo-Aryan languages	100	45	60
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	70	20	50
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	25	50
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	20	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	0
Portuguese	20	0	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	15	10	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	0	10
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10
Chinese languages	25	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	10	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	7,730	3,595	4,130
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,075	1,015	1,055
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,980	975	1,010
First Nations (North American Indian)	845	365	485
Métis	1,130	610	520
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	20	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	25	20
Non-Indigenous identity	5,655	2,580	3,075
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	7,730	3,595	4,130
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	775	335	445
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	6,945	3,260	3,690
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	3,605	...	...
Owner	2,225	...	...
Renter	1,380	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	3,605	...	...
Condominium	125	...	...
Not condominium	3,480	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	3,605	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...
1 bedroom	440	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,060	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,165	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	900	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	3,605	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	995	...	...
5 rooms	555	...	...
6 rooms	590	...	...
7 rooms	380	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,075	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	3,605	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,565	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	3,605	...	...
Suitable	3,460	...	...
Not suitable	145	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	3,605	...	...
1960 or before	1,200	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,420	...	...
1981 to 1990	375	...	...
1991 to 2000	235	...	...
2001 to 2005	85	...	...
2006 to 2010	70	...	...
2011 to 2015	135	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	85	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	3,605	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,315	...	...
Major repairs needed	290	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	3,605	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,280	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,245	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	80	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	3,605	...	...
15 to 24 years	175	...	...
25 to 34 years	550	...	...
35 to 44 years	545	...	...
45 to 54 years	495	...	...
55 to 64 years	600	...	...
65 to 74 years	600	...	...
75 to 84 years	450	...	...
85 years and over	195	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	3,595	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,060	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	540	...	...
30% to less than 100%	500	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	3,605	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	880	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	465	...	...
Not suitable only	110	...	...
Major repairs needed only	215	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,725	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	3,560	...	...
In core need	115	...	...
Not in core need	3,445	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,230	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	5.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	608	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	816	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	170,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	187,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,375	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	25.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	780	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	800	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	7,725	3,595	4,135
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,125	530	595
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,015	475	540
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	610	265	345
Métis single ancestry	410	210	195
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	105	55	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	100	55	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	875	455	420
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	835	435	400
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	260	125	130
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	565	295	270
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	20	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	5,730	2,610	3,115
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	7,725	3,595	4,135
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	7,375	3,460	3,915
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,725	840	885
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	5,645	2,615	3,030
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	350	135	215
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	7,725	3,595	4,135
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	7,120	3,330	3,790
Immigrants⁸¹	510	230	275
Before 1980	95	40	50
1980 to 1990	30	20	10
1991 to 2000	20	10	10
2001 to 2010	100	50	45
2011 to 2021⁸²	265	105	160
2011 to 2015	90	40	50
2016 to 2021	175	65	115
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	35	60
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	510	230	275
Under 5 years	55	20	30
5 to 14 years	95	30	60
15 to 24 years	80	40	40
25 to 44 years	255	125	130
45 years and over	25	10	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	510	230	275
Americas	40	30	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	35	20	15
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	165	75	95
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	45	20	20
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	10	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	25	10	15
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	25	25
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	40	20	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	10	10
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	255	105	150
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	140	50	95
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	60	30	25
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	170	60	115
Americas	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	135	50	90
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	45	20	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	60	10	50
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	7,730	3,590	4,130
First generation¹⁰⁰	635	290	345
Second generation¹⁰¹	795	345	450
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,295	2,955	3,335
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	410	185	225
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	290	130	160
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	130	85	50
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	160	50	110
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	90	35	50
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	20	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	410	185	225
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	70	30	40
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	20	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	295	130	165
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	7,730	3,590	4,130
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	525	240	285
South Asian	150	65	80
Chinese	20	10	10
Black	80	40	45
Filipino	150	65	85
Arab	0	0	0
Latin American	10	0	0
Southeast Asian	45	10	35
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	7,205	3,350	3,850
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	7,725	3,595	4,130
Canadian	705	345	360
English	1,475	740	740
Irish	1,105	480	635
Scottish	1,200	620	580
French, n.o.s.¹²²	600	350	245
German	870	380	495
Chinese	30	20	10
Italian	55	40	15
Indian (India)	115	50	65
Ukrainian	2,340	1,015	1,315
Dutch	245	110	140
Polish	635	260	375
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	175	85	90
Filipino	140	60	85
French Canadian	30	10	20
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	165	75	95
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	345	160	185
Métis	1,110	580	530
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	100	40	55
Russian	115	50	65
Norwegian	115	40	75
Welsh	115	55	60
Portuguese	10	0	0
American	65	35	30
Spanish	20	0	15
Swedish	80	45	35
Hungarian	45	15	35
Acadian	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0
Jewish	15	0	10
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	20	0	15
Jamaican	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	45	20	25
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	55	15	35
Korean	20	10	15
Romanian	95	45	50
Lebanese	30	15	10
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	60	40	20
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	140	65	75
Sikh	10	10	0
Austrian	60	25	40
Belgian	70	40	35
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	80	35	45
Swiss	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	10	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	65	35	35
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	80	45	30
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	35	0	30
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	255	110	145
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	25	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	45	25	20
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	80	35	40
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	80	45	30
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	10	10	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	7,725	3,595	4,130
Buddhist	20	0	0
Christian	4,265	1,875	2,390
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	585	295	295
Anabaptist	10	10	0
Anglican	240	105	135
Baptist	135	40	90
Catholic	2,040	910	1,130
Christian Orthodox	200	85	120
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	80	35	45
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	10
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	140	50	90
Presbyterian	50	20	25
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	490	205	285
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	265	115	150
Hindu	35	15	20
Jewish	20	15	10
Muslim	50	35	15
Sikh	55	25	30
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50	30	25
Other religions and spiritual traditions	25	10	15
No religion and secular perspectives	3,205	1,590	1,615
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	7,650	3,535	4,110
Non-movers	6,540	3,035	3,510
Movers	1,105	505	605
Non-migrants	575	255	325
Migrants	530	245	280
Internal migrants	525	245	280
Intraprovincial migrants	410	190	220
Interprovincial migrants	120	55	65
External migrants	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	7,240	3,330	3,910
Non-movers	4,300	1,985	2,315
Movers	2,940	1,340	1,600
Non-migrants	1,235	580	655
Migrants	1,710	760	945
Internal migrants	1,585	720	870
Intraprovincial migrants	1,395	625	765
Interprovincial migrants	195	95	100
External migrants	120	45	80
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,240	2,880	3,360
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,610	775	825
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,635	2,105	2,530
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,565	1,675	1,890
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	565	300	270
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	2,995	1,380	1,620
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,245	2,885	3,360
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,390	650	740
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,980	920	1,055
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,875	1,315	1,560
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,935	925	1,005
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	460	340	120
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	200	130	75
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	260	210	50
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,310	505	810
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	160	90	80
Bachelor's degree or higher	940	385	555
Bachelor's degree	665	285	380
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	15	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	25	30
Master's degree	175	65	110
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	3,560	1,680	1,885
No certificate, diploma or degree	465	240	225
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,085	510	570
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,020	925	1,085
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,285	635	650
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	270	200	65
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	130	85	40
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	140	115	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	910	370	545
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	100	65	40
Bachelor's degree or higher	735	295	440
Bachelor's degree	510	215	295
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	20	0	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	15	30
Master's degree	155	55	100
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,240	2,885	3,360
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,370	1,570	1,800
Education	335	120	210
13. Education	335	120	210
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	15	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	10	20
Humanities	70	40	30
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	15	10	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	15	15
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	280	90	190
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	15	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	120	10	110
22. Legal professions and studies	40	10	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	40	20	20
45. Social sciences	40	30	10
Business, management and public administration	565	210	350
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	30	60
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	470	180	295
Physical and life sciences and technologies	55	35	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	15	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	45	25	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	35	25	10
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	465	445	20
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	40	30	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	90	80	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	145	145	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	160	160	0
48. Precision production	20	20	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	135	75	60
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	50	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	25	0
Health and related fields	665	140	525
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	655	130	525
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	225	125	105
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	160	60	100
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	35	30	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	30	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	3,565	1,675	1,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,545	745	800
Education	190	85	105
13. Education	190	85	105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	15	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	20	10	15
Humanities	35	10	25
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	0	15
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	230	65	165
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	20	10	15
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	100	10	90
22. Legal professions and studies	40	0	35
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	35	20	15
45. Social sciences	30	20	10
Business, management and public administration	405	165	240
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	70	20	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	335	145	185
Physical and life sciences and technologies	45	30	15
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	20	15	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	10	10	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	40	25	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	35	25	0
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	280	265	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	35	25	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	60	55	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	85	85	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	90	90	0
48. Precision production	15	15	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	105	55	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	40	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	10	0
Health and related fields	515	120	395
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	505	110	390
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	150	90	60
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	100	45	55
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	25	20	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	25	25	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	3,565	1,675	1,885
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,545	745	800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,015	930	1,090
Location of study inside Canada	1,800	850	950
Same as province or territory of residence	1,485	685	805
Different than province or territory of residence	310	165	145
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	220	80	140
Americas	35	10	20
United States of America	35	10	20
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	25	15	15
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	10	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	15	0	10
Nigeria	15	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	150	50	95
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Philippines	80	25	55
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	40	15	20
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	6,245	2,885	3,360
In the labour force	3,595	1,810	1,775
Employed	3,340	1,660	1,680
Unemployed	250	150	105
Not in the labour force	2,650	1,070	1,580
Participation rate	57.6	62.7	52.8
Employment rate	53.5	57.5	50.0
Unemployment rate	7.0	8.3	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	6,240	2,885	3,360
Did not work¹⁸⁶	2,560	1,030	1,530
Worked	3,685	1,855	1,830
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	1,955	1,070	885
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	1,725	780	945
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.4	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	3,590	1,810	1,780
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	10
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	3,560	1,790	1,770
Employee	3,150	1,520	1,635
Permanent position	2,655	1,265	1,390
Temporary position	500	255	245
Fixed term (1 year or more)	145	65	85
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	350	190	165
Self-employed¹⁹²	410	275	130
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	3,590	1,810	1,780
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	10
All occupations¹⁹¹	3,560	1,790	1,770
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	520	150	375
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	85	60	25
3 Health occupations	530	130	395
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	575	190	385
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	75	40	30
6 Sales and service occupations	1,000	490	515
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	540	520	20
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	160	145	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	75	65	15
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	3,590	1,810	1,780
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	30	15	10
All industries¹⁹¹	3,560	1,790	1,770
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	135	115	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	20	0
22 Utilities	15	15	0
23 Construction	190	180	10
31-33 Manufacturing	50	40	20
41 Wholesale trade	70	60	0
44-45 Retail trade	675	365	315
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	110	105	0
51 Information and cultural industries	55	35	15
52 Finance and insurance	75	10	65
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	20	15	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	140	60	80
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	80	45	30
61 Educational services	300	110	190
62 Health care and social assistance	895	200	695
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	45	20	25
72 Accommodation and food services	270	135	140
81 Other services (except public administration)	190	120	70
91 Public administration	220	135	85
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	3,965	1,995	1,975
English	3,935	1,980	1,955
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	15	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	3,965	1,995	1,975
Single responses	3,960	1,995	1,965
Official languages	3,955	1,990	1,965
English	3,950	1,990	1,960
French	0	0	0
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	0	10
English and French	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	3,965	1,995	1,975
None	3,945	1,980	1,965
English	0	0	0
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	15	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	3,340	1,660	1,680
Worked at home	245	120	125
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	360	285	80
Usual place of work	2,730	1,255	1,470
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,725	1,255	1,470
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,510	1,110	1,400
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	110	80	35
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	90	65	25
Commute to a different province or territory	15	0	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,090	1,540	1,550
Car, truck or van	2,690	1,355	1,335
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,465	1,245	1,225
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	225	110	115
Public transit	0	0	0
Walked	315	145	170
Bicycle	45	25	15
Other method	45	15	30
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,090	1,540	1,550
Less than 15 minutes	2,510	1,165	1,350
15 to 29 minutes	350	205	145
30 to 44 minutes	100	75	30
45 to 59 minutes	55	45	10
60 minutes and over	70	50	20
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,090	1,540	1,550
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	80	70	10
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	390	190	200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	735	430	305
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,050	425	615
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	450	185	265
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	385	225	160
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,835	930	910
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	195	105	90
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,635	820	820
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,295	655	645
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	150	80	65
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	100	45	55
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	35	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,145	570	570

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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