Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Digby, County (CTY)More information: Nova Scotia [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,062	...	...
Population, 2016¹	17,323	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,681	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,117	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,512.28	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,060	8,260	8,805
0 to 14 years	1,955	995	955
0 to 4 years	600	300	300
5 to 9 years	620	310	305
10 to 14 years	735	385	355
15 to 64 years	9,940	4,830	5,115
15 to 19 years	735	365	370
20 to 24 years	680	340	340
25 to 29 years	680	345	330
30 to 34 years	720	335	390
35 to 39 years	745	385	360
40 to 44 years	845	395	450
45 to 49 years	980	460	520
50 to 54 years	1,230	580	650
55 to 59 years	1,635	825	810
60 to 64 years	1,685	800	890
65 years and over	5,165	2,430	2,735
65 to 69 years	1,595	785	805
70 to 74 years	1,440	700	740
75 to 79 years	955	465	490
80 to 84 years	605	265	340
85 years and over	570	210	360
85 to 89 years	365	150	215
90 to 94 years	150	50	100
95 to 99 years	50	10	40
100 years and over	10	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.5	12.0	10.8
15 to 64 years	58.3	58.5	58.1
65 years and over	30.3	29.4	31.1
85 years and over	3.3	2.5	4.1
Average age of the population	49.7	48.9	50.4
Median age of the population	54.8	54.4	55.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,115	...	...
Single-detached house	7,130	...	...
Semi-detached house	70	...	...
Row house	80	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	120	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	575	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	125	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,115	...	...
1 person	2,720	...	...
2 persons	3,460	...	...
3 persons	1,055	...	...
4 persons	595	...	...
5 or more persons	295	...	...
Number of persons in private households	16,780	8,150	8,630
Average household size	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,110	7,260	7,850
Married or living common-law	8,845	4,425	4,420
Married	6,930	3,470	3,460
Living common-law	1,915	955	955
Living common law - Never married	1,245	640	610
Living common law - Separated	120	65	55
Living common law - Divorced	480	230	255
Living common law - Widowed	70	30	45
Not married and not living common-law	6,260	2,830	3,430
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,410	1,830	1,575
Not married and not living common law - Separated	505	235	275
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,055	470	580
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,295	290	1,000
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,190	...	...
2 persons	3,480	...	...
3 persons	960	...	...
4 persons	520	...	...
5 or more persons	220	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,185	...	...
Total couple families	4,355	...	...
Married couples	3,400	...	...
With children⁶	1,070	...	...
Without children	2,330	...	...
Common-law couples	960	...	...
With children⁶	345	...	...
Without children	610	...	...
Total one-parent families	830	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	655	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	175	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	16,780	8,150	8,630
Total - Persons in census families	13,135	6,440	6,700
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,715	4,355	4,355
Parents in one-parent families	830	175	655
Children⁶	3,595	1,910	1,685
In a two-parent family	2,375	1,240	1,135
In a one-parent family	1,215	665	550
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,645	1,710	1,935
Living alone	2,715	1,260	1,455
Living with other relatives⁷	360	150	210
Living with non-relatives only	570	305	265
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,115	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,770	...	...
Couple-family households	4,095	...	...
With children⁶	1,320	...	...
Without children	2,780	...	...
One-parent-family households	670	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	120	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	20	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	205	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	285	...	...
One-person households	2,715	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	14,830	7,155	7,675
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,505	7,005	7,495
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	34,800	28,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,515	7,010	7,505
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,600	31,400	26,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,710	5,785	5,925
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,400	27,800	19,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,015	4,585	4,425
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,400	28,000	21,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,760	6,070	6,685
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,300	15,100	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,220	1,795	1,415
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,600	7,400	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,850	1,965	1,885
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	14,830	7,170	7,660
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,480	7,015	7,470
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,880	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,490	7,015	7,475
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,440	35,400	29,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,635	5,780	5,845
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,240	35,480	27,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,015	4,550	4,460
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,080	35,720	28,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,720	6,065	6,655
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,240	14,580	13,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,170	1,800	1,375
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,080	9,030	6,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,900	2,000	1,900
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,060	9,020	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	14,825	7,170	7,660
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,325	1,710	1,615
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,400	50,000	45,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,500	55,050	49,720
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,560	2,285	2,275
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	20,000	13,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,140	26,720	17,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	66.8	69.8	63.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.1	55.4	50.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	33.3	30.1	36.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.7	5.5	3.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.6	7.0	8.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.5	6.1	6.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	14,830	7,160	7,675
Without total income	325	150	175
With total income	14,500	7,005	7,500
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,120	450	670
$10,000 to $19,999	2,465	990	1,475
$20,000 to $29,999	3,400	1,515	1,885
$30,000 to $39,999	2,285	1,070	1,220
$40,000 to $49,999	1,865	945	925
$50,000 to $59,999	1,125	645	475
$60,000 to $69,999	680	425	250
$70,000 to $79,999	490	300	190
$80,000 to $89,999	325	175	155
$90,000 to $99,999	230	135	95
$100,000 and over	510	360	155
$100,000 to $149,999	380	265	120
$150,000 and over	125	95	35
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	14,830	7,160	7,675
Without after-tax income	315	140	170
With after-tax income	14,520	7,015	7,505
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,185	475	710
$10,000 to $19,999	2,590	1,045	1,545
$20,000 to $29,999	3,895	1,790	2,105
$30,000 to $39,999	2,790	1,345	1,450
$40,000 to $49,999	1,790	990	805
$50,000 to $59,999	925	560	365
$60,000 to $69,999	570	315	255
$70,000 to $79,999	315	185	135
$80,000 to $89,999	180	110	70
$90,000 to $99,999	90	70	25
$100,000 and over	185	140	50
$100,000 to $124,999	105	75	30
$125,000 and over	80	65	20
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	14,830	7,160	7,675
Without employment income	5,815	2,570	3,245
With employment income	9,010	4,585	4,430
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,550	715	835
$5,000 to $9,999	920	410	510
$10,000 to $19,999	1,465	690	775
$20,000 to $29,999	1,230	605	630
$30,000 to $39,999	1,085	570	515
$40,000 to $49,999	820	420	395
$50,000 to $59,999	555	340	215
$60,000 to $69,999	355	220	135
$70,000 to $79,999	310	165	140
$80,000 to $89,999	230	115	115
$90,000 to $99,999	165	90	75
$100,000 and over	330	240	85
$100,000 to $124,999	190	125	65
$125,000 and over	140	115	25
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	14,830	7,155	7,675
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,275	6,890	7,390
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,200	33,200	24,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,295	6,895	7,400
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,200	30,000	23,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,790	5,810	5,980
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,600	29,400	20,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,235	4,660	4,570
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,400	30,000	22,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,880	5,580	6,300
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,900	11,900	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,015	1,740	1,275
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550	8,900	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	14,830	7,170	7,660
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,265	6,900	7,365
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,040	41,360	31,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,285	6,910	7,375
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,960	34,600	27,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,660	5,860	5,800
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,760	37,720	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,170	4,665	4,505
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,680	38,280	28,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,855	5,585	6,270
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,150	11,550	10,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,010	1,765	1,245
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,260	9,330	6,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	14,825	7,170	7,660
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,320	1,710	1,610
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	43,600	46,400	41,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	50,240	53,700	46,560
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,355	2,215	2,140
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,200	17,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,440	33,080	21,620
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	74.2	77.4	70.4
Employment income (%)	60.1	62.6	57.0
Government transfers (%)	25.7	22.6	29.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.8	5.8	3.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,115	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,715	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	29,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	27,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,400	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,120	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	57,950	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,720	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,395	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,115	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	200	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	745	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	505	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	550	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	480	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	440	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	770	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	720	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	530	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	480	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	440	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,560	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	690	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	375	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	325	...	...
$200,000 and over	180	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,115	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	200	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	785	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	485	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	570	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	645	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	535	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	490	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	910	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	730	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	625	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	455	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	370	...	...
$100,000 and over	995	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	550	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	225	...	...
$150,000 and over	215	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,190	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,805	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,435	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	785	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,285	1,560	1,725
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,000	31,200	27,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	27,000	28,400	26,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,185	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,815	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,450	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	89,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	775	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,295	1,545	1,750
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	41,480	32,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,760	34,760	29,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	16,780	8,150	8,625
0 to 17 years	2,370	1,210	1,160
0 to 5 years	720	355	365
18 to 64 years	9,460	4,585	4,880
65 years and over	4,945	2,360	2,590
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,660	1,705	1,955
0 to 17 years	585	315	275
0 to 5 years	220	105	110
18 to 64 years	1,585	730	860
65 years and over	1,490	660	825
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	21.8	20.9	22.7
0 to 17 years (%)	24.9	26.2	23.4
0 to 5 years (%)	30.2	30.0	30.0
18 to 64 years (%)	16.8	15.9	17.6
65 years and over (%)	30.1	28.0	32.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	16,640	8,080	8,555
0 to 17 years	2,320	1,180	1,140
0 to 5 years	705	345	365
18 to 64 years	9,380	4,555	4,825
65 years and over	4,940	2,350	2,585
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	545	270	275
0 to 17 years	75	35	40
0 to 5 years	35	15	20
18 to 64 years	405	205	205
65 years and over	60	30	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.4	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.2	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.0	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.5	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	16,780	8,150	8,630
In bottom half of the distribution	12,285	5,880	6,405
In bottom decile	2,935	1,375	1,565
In second decile	3,095	1,470	1,625
In third decile	2,530	1,200	1,330
In fourth decile	2,030	990	1,040
In fifth decile	1,690	840	850
In top half of the distribution	4,495	2,270	2,225
In sixth decile	1,545	770	770
In seventh decile	1,125	555	570
In eighth decile	845	435	410
In ninth decile	610	315	290
In top decile	365	195	170
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	16,780	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.503	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.264	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	16,825	8,170	8,650
English only	10,700	5,240	5,455
French only	85	35	50
English and French	6,010	2,880	3,130
Neither English nor French	30	20	10
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	16,825	8,170	8,650
English	12,180	5,885	6,290
French	4,515	2,220	2,295
English and French	105	55	50
Neither English nor French	25	20	10
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	16,825	8,170	8,650
Single responses	16,295	7,935	8,365
Official languages	15,945	7,750	8,195
English	11,540	5,590	5,955
French	4,400	2,165	2,235
Non-official languages	350	180	170
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	350	180	170
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	20	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	5	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	5	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	105	85
Albanian	10	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5
Russian	5	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	85	45	35
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	45	30	15
German	45	30	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15
Afrikaans	5	5	0
Dutch	20	15	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5
Danish	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	20	10
Indo-Aryan languages	25	20	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	15	25
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0
Portuguese	5	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	35	15	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	35	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	15
Chinese languages	25	10	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	525	240	285
English and French	495	235	260
English and non-official language(s)	20	5	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	16,825	8,170	8,650
English	12,055	5,865	6,190
French	3,220	1,555	1,660
Non-official language	105	65	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	105	65	40
English and French	1,230	585	640
English and non-official language(s)	160	70	90
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	25	25
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	16,825	8,170	8,650
Single responses	16,540	8,045	8,500
Official languages	16,375	7,945	8,425
English	12,620	6,130	6,490
French	3,750	1,815	1,930
Non-official languages	170	90	75
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	165	90	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	5	0	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	70	40	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	5	5
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	5	5	5
German	5	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5
Afrikaans	10	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	20	0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	20	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	10
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	25	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	30	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10
Chinese languages	15	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	280	130	150
English and French	250	120	130
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	16,820	8,170	8,650
None	15,640	7,615	8,030
English	575	275	300
French	470	220	250
Non-official language	100	45	55
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	90	40	50
English and French	5	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	16,780	8,150	8,630
Official languages	16,745	8,125	8,620
English	16,650	8,090	8,565
French	6,070	2,965	3,105
Non-official languages	555	265	290
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20
Algonquian languages	30	10	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	10	20
Mi'kmaq	30	10	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	525	255	275
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	25	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	35	25	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	15	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	330	170	165
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	25	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	25	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	20	20	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	0	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	110	65	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	95	55	45
German	95	55	45
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	20	15	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	35	20	10
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	25	20	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	20	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	165	60	100
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	135	50	80
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	65	35	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	10
American Sign Language	20	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	15
Chinese languages	20	0	15
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	16,780	8,155	8,630
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,115	1,085	1,035
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,060	1,060	1,000
First Nations (North American Indian)	395	200	200
Métis	1,655	860	790
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	10	30
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	14,665	7,070	7,595
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	16,780	8,155	8,630
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	230	70	155
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,550	8,075	8,475
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,115	...	...
Owner	6,335	...	...
Renter	1,725	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,115	...	...
Condominium	115	...	...
Not condominium	8,000	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,115	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...
1 bedroom	820	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,290	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,055	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,950	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,115	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,380	...	...
5 rooms	1,430	...	...
6 rooms	1,565	...	...
7 rooms	1,445	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,290	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,115	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,100	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,115	...	...
Suitable	7,965	...	...
Not suitable	150	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,115	...	...
1960 or before	3,375	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,280	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,100	...	...
1991 to 2000	615	...	...
2001 to 2005	265	...	...
2006 to 2010	210	...	...
2011 to 2015	140	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	135	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,115	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,120	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,000	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,115	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,660	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,265	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	195	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,115	...	...
15 to 24 years	165	...	...
25 to 34 years	625	...	...
35 to 44 years	925	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,310	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,890	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,830	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,065	...	...
85 years and over	305	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,040	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,095	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	950	...	...
30% to less than 100%	860	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,115	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,920	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	805	...	...
Not suitable only	100	...	...
Major repairs needed only	840	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,200	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,955	...	...
In core need	745	...	...
Not in core need	7,205	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,315	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	40.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	528	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	680	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	166,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	196,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,730	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	710	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	724	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	190	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	16,780	8,150	8,630
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	505	230	275
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	495	220	275
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	280	105	175
Métis single ancestry	210	115	95
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,665	815	850
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,615	795	825
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	695	335	355
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	920	455	465
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	20	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	20	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,610	7,110	7,505
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	16,780	8,150	8,625
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,425	7,975	8,450
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,355	1,180	1,170
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,070	6,795	7,275
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	355	170	180
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	16,780	8,150	8,625
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	15,940	7,710	8,230
Immigrants⁸¹	760	400	365
Before 1980	360	170	190
1980 to 1990	75	40	35
1991 to 2000	70	45	25
2001 to 2010	85	45	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	170	100	70
2011 to 2015	55	35	20
2016 to 2021	120	70	50
Non-permanent residents⁸³	80	45	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	760	395	365
Under 5 years	75	35	40
5 to 14 years	180	80	100
15 to 24 years	190	110	75
25 to 44 years	215	105	115
45 years and over	100	70	35
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	760	395	365
Americas	275	130	145
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10
United States of America	185	95	90
Other places of birth in Americas	60	25	40
Europe	310	175	135
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	40	25	20
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	20	15	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	195	105	90
Other places of birth in Europe	25	15	10
Africa	55	25	35
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	40	15	25
Asia	115	60	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	25	10	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	120	65	50
Americas	30	20	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	15	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	20	0	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	70	45	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	10
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	20	10	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	16,780	8,155	8,630
First generation¹⁰⁰	960	485	475
Second generation¹⁰¹	995	470	525
Third generation or more¹⁰²	14,825	7,195	7,635
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	400	225	175
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	235	150	85
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	115	70	40
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	120	80	40
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	145	55	85
Refugees¹⁰⁸	20	20	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	400	225	175
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	40	25	15
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	15	15	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	35	10	20
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	305	170	135
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	16,780	8,155	8,630
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	775	350	430
South Asian	55	35	20
Chinese	20	0	10
Black	495	205	290
Filipino	20	15	10
Arab	30	20	10
Latin American	20	10	15
Southeast Asian	25	0	25
West Asian	25	15	10
Korean	55	35	20
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	15	10	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,005	7,805	8,200
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	16,780	8,150	8,625
Canadian	2,845	1,345	1,505
English	3,060	1,355	1,700
Irish	2,050	930	1,120
Scottish	1,940	995	945
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,400	1,700	1,700
German	1,110	480	625
Chinese	30	10	20
Italian	180	90	90
Indian (India)	45	30	15
Ukrainian	85	30	55
Dutch	525	250	280
Polish	45	20	30
Québécois	30	0	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	385	200	185
Filipino	20	15	10
French Canadian	165	70	95
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,170	595	575
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	195	105	95
Métis	1,190	600	590
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	545	285	265
Russian	60	35	25
Norwegian	100	55	45
Welsh	205	115	90
Portuguese	40	10	35
American	140	75	70
Spanish	30	10	20
Swedish	55	25	30
Hungarian	30	0	30
Acadian	4,225	2,070	2,150
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	210	90	120
Jewish	25	20	0
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	40	0	30
Jamaican	20	0	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	10
Korean	55	30	25
Romanian	15	0	15
Lebanese	25	20	10
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	40	25	15
Danish	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	365	170	195
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	25	15	15
Belgian	10	10	0
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	50	20	30
Finnish	40	10	30
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	390	155	235
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	45	30	20
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	10	10	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Syrian	30	20	10
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	140	50	90
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	20	0	10
Newfoundlander	50	30	20
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	10	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	15	10
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	455	235	220
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	20	0	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	20	15
New Brunswicker	15	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	130	60	70
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	45	30	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	10	0	10
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	15	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	15	10	10
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	10	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	40	20	15
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	60	30	30
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	16,780	8,155	8,630
Buddhist	20	0	20
Christian	11,195	5,160	6,035
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	990	485	505
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	515	195	310
Baptist	2,035	935	1,100
Catholic	6,285	2,935	3,345
Christian Orthodox	25	20	10
Jehovah's Witness	125	65	60
Latter Day Saints	15	10	10
Lutheran	45	20	25
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	245	105	140
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	145	55	90
Presbyterian	45	15	25
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	270	105	165
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	455	210	245
Hindu	0	0	0
Jewish	10	0	0
Muslim	40	25	15
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	40	10	30
No religion and secular perspectives	5,440	2,930	2,510
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	16,655	8,085	8,570
Non-movers	14,790	7,185	7,605
Movers	1,865	905	960
Non-migrants	830	385	450
Migrants	1,035	525	515
Internal migrants	925	470	460
Intraprovincial migrants	325	155	170
Interprovincial migrants	605	315	290
External migrants	110	55	55
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,195	7,895	8,305
Non-movers	11,415	5,610	5,805
Movers	4,780	2,280	2,500
Non-migrants	1,600	745	855
Migrants	3,180	1,535	1,645
Internal migrants	2,955	1,425	1,530
Intraprovincial migrants	1,535	690	845
Interprovincial migrants	1,425	735	685
External migrants	225	110	115
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,825	7,170	7,660
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,895	2,815	2,085
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,935	4,355	5,575
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,475	4,105	4,375
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,180	1,435	745
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,295	2,675	3,630
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,830	7,165	7,660
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,275	2,370	1,905
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,790	1,710	2,080
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,765	3,090	3,670
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,995	2,380	2,610
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,595	1,045	550
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	845	485	355
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	750	560	195
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,050	1,215	1,840
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	345	125	225
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,775	710	1,060
Bachelor's degree	1,215	465	745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	115	50	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	25	10
Master's degree	345	135	210
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	65	35	30
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,475	4,100	4,370
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,830	1,165	660
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,150	975	1,175
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,495	1,965	2,535
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,255	1,525	1,735
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	965	665	305
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	510	320	190
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	460	345	110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,105	805	1,295
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	50	135
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,235	440	800
Bachelor's degree	865	300	565
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	65	20	40
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	15	10
Master's degree	235	70	165
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	30	20
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,830	7,170	7,660
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,065	4,075	3,985
Education	640	220	415
13. Education	640	220	415
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	160	65	95
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	0	15
50. Visual and performing arts	140	60	75
Humanities	240	90	155
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	55	10	45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	70	15	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	0
54. History	30	15	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	410	115	295
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	130	0	120
22. Legal professions and studies	40	15	30
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	80	30	45
45. Social sciences	115	45	70
Business, management and public administration	1,480	285	1,195
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	135	20	110
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,345	260	1,080
Physical and life sciences and technologies	170	85	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	25	35
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	25	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	50	30	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	180	90	85
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	155	80	75
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,575	1,520	55
04. Architecture and related services	20	15	0
14. Engineering	70	70	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	265	240	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	530	525	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	470	470	0
48. Precision production	215	200	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	75	75
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	20	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	60	0
Health and related fields	975	125	850
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	15	0	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	960	125	835
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	785	420	365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	445	105	335
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0
43. Security and protective services	95	75	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	240	225	15
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,475	4,105	4,370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,980	2,145	1,835
Education	345	80	270
13. Education	345	80	270
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	90	35	60
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	80	35	50
Humanities	120	35	85
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	45	15	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0
54. History	10	0	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	335	90	245
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	10	20
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95	0	90
22. Legal professions and studies	35	10	25
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	60	25	35
45. Social sciences	100	30	70
Business, management and public administration	1,035	195	835
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	10	95
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	925	190	735
Physical and life sciences and technologies	110	55	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	45	20	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	10	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	35	20	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	70	60
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	60	55
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,010	970	40
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	0
14. Engineering	40	40	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	155	140	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	350	340	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	310	310	0
48. Precision production	150	140	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	110	60	50
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	60	15	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	45	0
Health and related fields	695	95	600
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	15	0	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	680	95	585
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	515	280	235
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	275	55	215
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	70	65	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	150	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,475	4,105	4,370
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,980	2,145	1,835
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,495	1,965	2,535
Location of study inside Canada	4,310	1,885	2,425
Same as province or territory of residence	3,340	1,425	1,920
Different than province or territory of residence	970	465	505
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	190	75	110
Americas	80	20	55
United States of America	65	20	40
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	40	35	0
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	30	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	55	20	35
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15
Philippines	15	0	10
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	14,830	7,165	7,660
In the labour force	7,580	3,920	3,665
Employed	6,395	3,320	3,070
Unemployed	1,190	600	590
Not in the labour force	7,250	3,250	4,000
Participation rate	51.1	54.7	47.8
Employment rate	43.1	46.3	40.1
Unemployment rate	15.7	15.3	16.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	14,830	7,170	7,660
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,630	2,985	3,645
Worked	8,195	4,180	4,010
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,425	1,785	1,640
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	4,770	2,400	2,370
Average weeks worked in reference year	37.7	37.2	38.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,580	3,915	3,660
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	75	65
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,440	3,840	3,600
Employee	6,355	3,130	3,220
Permanent position	4,690	2,260	2,430
Temporary position	1,660	865	790
Fixed term (1 year or more)	305	115	185
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,360	750	610
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,090	710	380
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,580	3,915	3,660
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	75	65
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,440	3,840	3,600
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	50	20	30
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	905	200	710
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	195	125	70
3 Health occupations	625	100	525
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	845	225	615
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	95	40	60
6 Sales and service occupations	1,875	685	1,185
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,320	1,250	70
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	785	705	85
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	745	490	255
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,580	3,915	3,660
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	75	65
All industries¹⁹¹	7,440	3,840	3,600
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	960	780	180
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	15	0
22 Utilities	45	40	10
23 Construction	500	450	50
31-33 Manufacturing	990	700	285
41 Wholesale trade	125	100	30
44-45 Retail trade	960	425	540
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	225	160	60
51 Information and cultural industries	60	30	25
52 Finance and insurance	180	30	145
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	45	25	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	235	105	130
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	225	145	85
61 Educational services	540	165	375
62 Health care and social assistance	1,030	155	880
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	95	45	50
72 Accommodation and food services	520	130	390
81 Other services (except public administration)	330	180	150
91 Public administration	360	160	205
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,720	4,445	4,270
English	6,375	3,320	3,055
French	915	440	475
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	1,410	675	735
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,720	4,445	4,270
Single responses	8,480	4,335	4,150
Official languages	8,480	4,335	4,150
English	6,940	3,580	3,355
French	1,545	755	790
Non-official languages	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	240	115	125
English and French	240	115	125
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,720	4,445	4,270
None	7,525	3,880	3,645
English	630	315	315
French	545	245	300
Non-official language	20	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,390	3,320	3,070
Worked at home	580	265	315
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	1,235	1,010	225
Usual place of work	4,580	2,045	2,535
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,580	2,045	2,535
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,485	1,155	1,330
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,380	545	835
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	655	300	355
Commute to a different province or territory	60	45	15
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,810	3,060	2,755
Car, truck or van	5,330	2,840	2,495
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,895	2,635	2,265
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	435	205	225
Public transit	70	40	30
Walked	235	90	145
Bicycle	15	15	0
Other method	155	70	85
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,810	3,060	2,755
Less than 15 minutes	2,820	1,405	1,410
15 to 29 minutes	1,715	895	820
30 to 44 minutes	735	415	315
45 to 59 minutes	285	140	145
60 minutes and over	250	195	55
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,810	3,060	2,755
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	420	330	80
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	835	465	365
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,915	980	935
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,240	505	740
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	545	225	320
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	865	545	315
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,430	1,240	1,190
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	825	415	410
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,605	825	780
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,785	920	865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	630	320	310
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	480	245	240
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	150	75	70
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,160	605	555

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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