Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	DuncanMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	47,582	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	44,451	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.0	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	20,901	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	20,012	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	127.5	...	...	127.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	373.22	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	47,585	23,035	24,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,935	3,500	3,440	14.6	15.2	14.0
0 to 4 years	1,970	990	975	4.1	4.3	4.0
5 to 9 years	2,445	1,240	1,210	5.1	5.4	4.9
10 to 14 years	2,520	1,265	1,250	5.3	5.5	5.1
15 to 64 years	27,545	13,380	14,165	57.9	58.1	57.7
15 to 19 years	2,350	1,215	1,135	4.9	5.3	4.6
20 to 24 years	2,035	1,090	945	4.3	4.7	3.8
25 to 29 years	2,100	1,065	1,030	4.4	4.6	4.2
30 to 34 years	2,510	1,255	1,255	5.3	5.4	5.1
35 to 39 years	2,750	1,270	1,480	5.8	5.5	6.0
40 to 44 years	2,620	1,265	1,355	5.5	5.5	5.5
45 to 49 years	2,565	1,245	1,320	5.4	5.4	5.4
50 to 54 years	2,845	1,340	1,505	6.0	5.8	6.1
55 to 59 years	3,670	1,705	1,965	7.7	7.4	8.0
60 to 64 years	4,095	1,915	2,175	8.6	8.3	8.9
65 years and over	13,100	6,155	6,945	27.5	26.7	28.3
65 to 69 years	4,035	1,900	2,135	8.5	8.2	8.7
70 to 74 years	3,645	1,755	1,890	7.7	7.6	7.7
75 to 79 years	2,340	1,105	1,235	4.9	4.8	5.0
80 to 84 years	1,575	760	815	3.3	3.3	3.3
85 years and over	1,510	635	870	3.2	2.8	3.5
85 to 89 years	920	445	475	1.9	1.9	1.9
90 to 94 years	470	160	310	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	105	35	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.2	14.0	14.6	15.2	14.0
15 to 64 years	57.9	58.1	57.7	57.9	58.1	57.7
65 years and over	27.5	26.7	28.3	27.5	26.7	28.3
85 years and over	3.2	2.8	3.5	3.2	2.8	3.5
Average age of the population	46.6	45.7	47.4	46.6	45.7	47.4
Median age of the population	50.0	48.4	51.2	50.0	48.4	51.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	20,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,850	...	...	64.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,155	...	...	5.8	...	...
Row house	1,225	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	925	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,940	...	...	14.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	825	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	20,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,905	...	...	29.5	...	...
2 persons	7,895	...	...	39.4	...	...
3 persons	2,700	...	...	13.5	...	...
4 persons	2,045	...	...	10.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,465	...	...	7.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	46,405	22,460	23,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	40,645	19,535	21,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	23,565	11,760	11,810	58.0	60.2	55.9
Married	18,735	9,365	9,370	46.1	47.9	44.4
Living common-law	4,830	2,390	2,435	11.9	12.2	11.5
Living common law - Never married	3,095	1,560	1,535	7.6	8.0	7.3
Living common law - Separated	230	125	105	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,310	620	685	3.2	3.2	3.2
Living common law - Widowed	195	85	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	17,080	7,775	9,305	42.0	39.8	44.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,640	5,260	4,380	23.7	26.9	20.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,270	535	730	3.1	2.7	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,445	1,340	2,100	8.5	6.9	9.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,730	640	2,090	6.7	3.3	9.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	13,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	8,505	...	...	61.7	...	...
3 persons	2,475	...	...	18.0	...	...
4 persons	1,900	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	895	...	...	6.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	13,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	11,440	...	...	83.0	...	...
Married couples	9,030	...	...	65.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,490	...	...	25.3	...	...
Without children	5,535	...	...	40.2	...	...
Common-law couples	2,410	...	...	17.5	...	...
With children⁶	910	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	1,500	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,335	...	...	17.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,740	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	600	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	46,405	22,460	23,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	36,895	18,220	18,670	79.5	81.1	78.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	22,885	11,410	11,480	49.3	50.8	47.9
Parents in one-parent families	2,335	595	1,735	5.0	2.6	7.2
Children⁶	11,675	6,220	5,450	25.2	27.7	22.8
In a two-parent family	8,065	4,235	3,835	17.4	18.9	16.0
In a one-parent family	3,600	1,990	1,615	7.8	8.9	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,510	4,235	5,275	20.5	18.9	22.0
Living alone	5,905	2,405	3,500	12.7	10.7	14.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,440	655	785	3.1	2.9	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	2,170	1,175	995	4.7	5.2	4.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	20,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,565	...	...	57.8	...	...
Couple-family households	9,970	...	...	49.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,740	...	...	18.7	...	...
Without children	6,230	...	...	31.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,600	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	615	...	...	3.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	900	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	860	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	5,905	...	...	29.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	39,505	18,975	20,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,560	18,520	20,035	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	34,400	38,400	44,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,590	18,540	20,055	97.7	97.7	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,000	32,000	35,600	40,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,890	16,490	17,405	85.8	86.9	84.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	38,000	24,600	30,600	38,000	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,530	12,265	12,265	62.1	64.6	59.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,400	27,800	33,200	40,400	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,425	15,465	17,955	84.6	81.5	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	12,800	13,300	13,100	12,800	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,420	1,690	1,730	8.7	8.9	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,480	5,200	5,320	5,480	5,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,220	4,300	4,920	23.3	22.7	24.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	39,545	19,000	20,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,520	18,515	20,005	97.4	97.4	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,840	54,750	41,440	47,840	54,750	41,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,550	18,535	20,015	97.5	97.6	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,520	46,480	36,880	41,520	46,480	36,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,920	16,580	17,340	85.8	87.3	84.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,880	49,920	34,160	41,880	49,920	34,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,545	12,440	12,105	62.1	65.5	58.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,760	49,960	35,400	42,760	49,960	35,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,455	15,445	18,005	84.6	81.3	87.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,640	12,070	13,120	12,640	12,070	13,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,440	1,680	1,755	8.7	8.8	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,215	5,820	6,600	6,215	5,820	6,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,125	4,190	4,935	23.1	22.1	24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	8,460	8,930	8,720	8,460	8,930
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	39,545	19,005	20,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,295	5,750	4,550	26.0	30.3	22.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	64,500	53,600	58,400	64,500	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	73,600	57,950	66,700	73,600	57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,555	4,775	5,780	26.7	25.1	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,000	17,000	20,000	24,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,560	34,840	23,340	28,560	34,840	23,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.0	81.6	71.4	77.0	81.6	71.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.0	61.3	51.7	57.0	61.3	51.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.0	18.4	28.5	23.0	18.4	28.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.4	7.0	5.6	4.4	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.3	4.3	3.5	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	39,500	18,980	20,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	945	460	490	2.4	2.4	2.4
With total income	38,560	18,525	20,035	97.6	97.6	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,275	1,490	1,790	8.5	8.0	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	4,895	1,895	3,005	12.7	10.2	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,330	2,545	3,780	16.4	13.7	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	5,565	2,450	3,115	14.4	13.2	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,670	2,190	2,485	12.1	11.8	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,655	1,735	1,925	9.5	9.4	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,590	1,435	1,160	6.7	7.7	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,020	1,150	865	5.2	6.2	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,480	925	560	3.8	5.0	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,115	685	430	2.9	3.7	2.1
$100,000 and over	2,960	2,035	925	7.7	11.0	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	2,160	1,465	695	5.6	7.9	3.5
$150,000 and over	805	570	230	2.1	3.1	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	39,500	18,980	20,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	915	440	470	2.3	2.3	2.3
With after-tax income	38,590	18,535	20,055	97.7	97.7	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,435	1,540	1,895	8.9	8.3	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	5,090	1,960	3,135	13.2	10.6	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	7,125	2,885	4,240	18.5	15.6	21.1
$30,000 to $39,999	6,310	2,895	3,415	16.4	15.6	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,100	2,400	2,705	13.2	12.9	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,710	1,980	1,730	9.6	10.7	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,585	1,475	1,110	6.7	8.0	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,790	1,095	695	4.6	5.9	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,185	770	420	3.1	4.2	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	735	490	245	1.9	2.6	1.2
$100,000 and over	1,515	1,050	465	3.9	5.7	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	875	605	275	2.3	3.3	1.4
$125,000 and over	635	445	190	1.6	2.4	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	39,500	18,980	20,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	14,970	6,715	8,255	37.9	35.4	40.2
With employment income	24,535	12,265	12,265	62.1	64.6	59.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,955	1,810	2,145	16.1	14.8	17.5
$5,000 to $9,999	1,910	805	1,105	7.8	6.6	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	3,050	1,260	1,790	12.4	10.3	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,480	1,080	1,400	10.1	8.8	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	2,510	1,130	1,385	10.2	9.2	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	2,235	1,090	1,145	9.1	8.9	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,920	945	975	7.8	7.7	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,460	845	615	6.0	6.9	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,200	725	475	4.9	5.9	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,035	650	385	4.2	5.3	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	825	510	310	3.4	4.2	2.5
$100,000 and over	1,950	1,410	535	7.9	11.5	4.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,030	715	315	4.2	5.8	2.6
$125,000 and over	920	695	225	3.7	5.7	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	39,505	18,975	20,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,620	18,010	19,600	95.2	94.9	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	31,600	36,400	43,200	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	37,700	18,035	19,665	95.4	95.0	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,800	29,000	33,200	38,800	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	33,745	16,390	17,350	85.4	86.4	84.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	39,600	26,000	32,000	39,600	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,310	13,205	13,105	66.6	69.6	63.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	38,800	27,000	31,800	38,800	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,890	12,225	15,665	70.6	64.4	76.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,700	11,500	10,200	10,700	11,500	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,655	1,245	1,410	6.7	6.6	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,840	4,920	4,800	4,840	4,920	4,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	39,545	19,000	20,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,680	18,055	19,620	95.3	95.0	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,800	54,300	38,040	45,800	54,300	38,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	37,725	18,070	19,655	95.4	95.1	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,360	45,800	33,440	39,360	45,800	33,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	33,790	16,530	17,260	85.4	87.0	84.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	51,450	33,720	42,400	51,450	33,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,300	13,390	12,915	66.5	70.5	62.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,080	48,280	33,600	41,080	48,280	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,185	12,350	15,835	71.3	65.0	77.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,430	10,530	10,360	10,430	10,530	10,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,605	1,200	1,405	6.6	6.3	6.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,250	6,100	6,385	6,250	6,100	6,385
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	39,545	19,005	20,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,225	5,725	4,500	25.9	30.1	21.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	63,200	49,600	55,600	63,200	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,700	72,000	53,100	63,700	72,000	53,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,120	4,625	5,495	25.6	24.3	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	30,200	22,200	25,400	30,200	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,680	40,960	27,520	33,680	40,960	27,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0	86.8	78.0	83.0	86.8	78.0
Employment income (%)	62.6	66.0	58.1	62.6	66.0	58.1
Government transfers (%)	17.0	13.3	22.0	17.0	13.3	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.8	1.2	0.9	0.8	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	20,010	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	14,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	20,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...	79,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,880	...	...	47,880	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,960	...	...	41,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	14,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,400	...	...	110,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,700	...	...	95,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	20,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	190	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	410	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	985	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	710	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	735	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	875	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	945	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	845	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,665	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,505	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,495	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,280	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,140	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,975	...	...	34.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,295	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,675	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,800	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,205	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	20,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	215	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	170	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	435	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,030	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	805	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	840	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	995	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,040	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	955	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,830	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,810	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,620	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,395	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,180	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,600	...	...	28.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,335	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,425	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,840	...	...	9.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	13,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	60,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,075	3,580	4,495	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,400	35,600	36,800	38,400	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	35,200	33,200	34,000	35,200	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	13,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,800	...	...	84,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,200	...	...	140,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,300	...	...	67,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,110	3,615	4,495	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,560	47,560	43,960	45,560	47,560	43,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,080	41,040	39,320	40,080	41,040	39,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	46,405	22,460	23,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,330	4,240	4,090	18.0	18.9	17.1
0 to 5 years	2,425	1,205	1,220	5.2	5.4	5.1
18 to 64 years	25,675	12,355	13,320	55.3	55.0	55.6
65 years and over	12,400	5,865	6,530	26.7	26.1	27.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,285	2,330	2,960	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,155	565	590	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	355	165	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,545	1,170	1,375	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,590	590	1,000	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.4	10.4	12.4	11.4	10.4	12.4
0 to 17 years (%)	13.9	13.4	14.4	13.9	13.4	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	14.7	13.8	15.4	14.7	13.8	15.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.5	10.3	9.9	9.5	10.3
65 years and over (%)	12.8	10.0	15.3	12.8	10.0	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,690	21,020	22,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,550	3,815	3,740	17.3	18.1	16.5
0 to 5 years	2,205	1,115	1,085	5.0	5.3	4.8
18 to 64 years	23,990	11,460	12,530	54.9	54.5	55.3
65 years and over	12,150	5,745	6,400	27.8	27.3	28.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,235	635	595	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	240	125	115	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	30	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	840	445	395	...	...	...
65 years and over	150	65	85	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.8	3.0	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.9	3.1	3.5	3.9	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	46,405	22,460	23,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	25,025	11,805	13,215	53.9	52.6	55.2
In bottom decile	4,880	2,250	2,630	10.5	10.0	11.0
In second decile	5,195	2,310	2,885	11.2	10.3	12.0
In third decile	5,160	2,470	2,685	11.1	11.0	11.2
In fourth decile	4,885	2,360	2,530	10.5	10.5	10.6
In fifth decile	4,910	2,415	2,490	10.6	10.8	10.4
In top half of the distribution	21,385	10,655	10,725	46.1	47.4	44.8
In sixth decile	4,785	2,390	2,390	10.3	10.6	10.0
In seventh decile	4,650	2,290	2,355	10.0	10.2	9.8
In eighth decile	4,345	2,175	2,170	9.4	9.7	9.1
In ninth decile	4,310	2,160	2,150	9.3	9.6	9.0
In top decile	3,300	1,635	1,660	7.1	7.3	6.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	46,405	...	...	46,405	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.308	...	...	0.308	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	47,015	22,775	24,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	44,145	21,580	22,565	93.9	94.8	93.1
French only	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,710	1,135	1,580	5.8	5.0	6.5
Neither English nor French	145	60	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	47,015	22,775	24,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	46,400	22,500	23,905	98.7	98.8	98.6
French	445	210	235	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	130	55	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	47,015	22,775	24,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,270	22,435	23,830	98.4	98.5	98.3
Official languages	43,100	21,015	22,085	91.7	92.3	91.1
English	42,610	20,775	21,830	90.6	91.2	90.1
French	490	240	250	1.0	1.1	1.0
Non-official languages	3,170	1,425	1,750	6.7	6.3	7.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Halkomelem	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,100	1,390	1,710	6.6	6.1	7.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	275	85	185	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	75	145	0.5	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,055	950	1,105	4.4	4.2	4.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	250	100	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	245	100	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	950	440	510	2.0	1.9	2.1
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	460	215	245	1.0	0.9	1.0
German	445	205	235	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	385	180	205	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	340	150	190	0.7	0.7	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	540	260	280	1.1	1.1	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	510	245	270	1.1	1.1	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	415	195	225	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	285	130	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	150	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	70	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	245	105	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	235	100	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	740	340	400	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and French	160	75	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	510	225	280	1.1	1.0	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	47,015	22,775	24,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	43,700	21,260	22,440	92.9	93.3	92.6
French	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	535	240	290	1.1	1.1	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	490	220	270	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and French	340	145	190	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	2,265	1,045	1,225	4.8	4.6	5.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	47,015	22,775	24,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,610	22,590	24,020	99.1	99.2	99.1
Official languages	45,485	22,065	23,415	96.7	96.9	96.6
English	45,385	22,020	23,365	96.5	96.7	96.4
French	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	1,130	525	605	2.4	2.3	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous languages	1,060	495	565	2.3	2.2	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	130	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	515	250	265	1.1	1.1	1.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	330	165	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	315	155	155	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	270	135	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	400	185	215	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and French	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	350	160	190	0.7	0.7	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	47,010	22,775	24,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	44,645	21,695	22,950	95.0	95.3	94.7
English	540	260	280	1.1	1.1	1.2
French	280	120	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	1,280	575	710	2.7	2.5	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	180	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-Indigenous	1,105	490	615	2.4	2.2	2.5
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	46,435	22,440	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	46,270	22,375	23,895	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	46,260	22,370	23,885	99.6	99.7	99.5
French	2,640	1,125	1,515	5.7	5.0	6.3
Non-official languages	5,300	2,435	2,865	11.4	10.9	11.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	615	285	330	1.3	1.3	1.4
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	550	255	290	1.2	1.1	1.2
Halkomelem	535	255	280	1.2	1.1	1.2
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous languages	4,745	2,190	2,555	10.2	9.8	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	500	175	315	1.1	0.8	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	440	155	290	0.9	0.7	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,220	1,495	1,725	6.9	6.7	7.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	150	155	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	140	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,240	565	670	2.7	2.5	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	685	345	340	1.5	1.5	1.4
German	680	340	335	1.5	1.5	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	445	185	260	1.0	0.8	1.1
Afrikaans	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	370	150	225	0.8	0.7	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Danish	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	645	350	295	1.4	1.6	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	625	330	290	1.3	1.5	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	135	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	460	250	205	1.0	1.1	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,100	485	615	2.4	2.2	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	120	55	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	885	390	495	1.9	1.7	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	130	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	100	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	175	75	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
American Sign Language	175	70	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	135	130	0.6	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	265	135	130	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,430	22,440	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,630	3,295	3,340	14.3	14.7	13.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,500	3,250	3,250	14.0	14.5	13.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,105	2,550	2,545	11.0	11.4	10.6
Métis	1,375	685	690	3.0	3.1	2.9
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	39,800	19,150	20,655	85.7	85.3	86.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	46,430	22,440	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,480	2,225	2,260	9.6	9.9	9.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	41,950	20,220	21,740	90.4	90.1	90.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	14,850	...	...	74.2	...	...
Renter	4,925	...	...	24.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	255	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,250	...	...	11.2	...	...
Not condominium	17,780	...	...	88.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,105	...	...	10.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,280	...	...	26.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	7,470	...	...	37.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,075	...	...	25.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	4,705	...	...	23.5	...	...
5 rooms	3,430	...	...	17.1	...	...
6 rooms	3,080	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	2,705	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,115	...	...	30.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	19,730	...	...	98.5	...	...
More than one person per room	295	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	19,215	...	...	96.0	...	...
Not suitable	815	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,275	...	...	16.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,910	...	...	29.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,525	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,555	...	...	17.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	990	...	...	4.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,400	...	...	7.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,085	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,290	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	18,685	...	...	93.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,345	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,810	...	...	49.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	9,215	...	...	46.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,005	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	285	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,825	...	...	9.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,685	...	...	13.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,910	...	...	14.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,370	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,500	...	...	22.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,555	...	...	12.8	...	...
85 years and over	895	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	19,120	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	15,400	...	...	80.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,715	...	...	19.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,390	...	...	17.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	20,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,340	...	...	26.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,310	...	...	16.5	...	...
Not suitable only	565	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	935	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	275	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	14,690	...	...	73.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	18,785	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,670	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not in core need	17,120	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,400	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.7	...	...	52.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,238	...	...	1,238	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	633,500	...	...	633,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,775	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.7	...	...	36.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,194	...	...	1,194	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	250	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	548	...	...	548	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	624	...	...	624	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	46,435	22,440	23,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,970	2,035	1,940	8.5	9.1	8.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,950	2,015	1,930	8.5	9.0	8.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,635	1,850	1,790	7.8	8.2	7.5
Métis single ancestry	315	170	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,920	1,355	1,570	6.3	6.0	6.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,820	1,305	1,515	6.1	5.8	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,960	880	1,080	4.2	3.9	4.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	840	420	425	1.8	1.9	1.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	39,540	19,055	20,480	85.2	84.9	85.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	46,435	22,440	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	44,715	21,695	23,020	96.3	96.7	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,095	4,110	3,985	17.4	18.3	16.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	36,615	17,585	19,035	78.9	78.4	79.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,720	750	975	3.7	3.3	4.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	46,435	22,440	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	40,330	19,600	20,730	86.9	87.3	86.4
Immigrants⁸¹	5,835	2,720	3,110	12.6	12.1	13.0
Before 1980	2,955	1,415	1,545	6.4	6.3	6.4
1980 to 1990	705	295	410	1.5	1.3	1.7
1991 to 2000	475	245	230	1.0	1.1	1.0
2001 to 2010	715	335	380	1.5	1.5	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	985	430	550	2.1	1.9	2.3
2011 to 2015	430	210	220	0.9	0.9	0.9
2016 to 2021	550	220	330	1.2	1.0	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	275	120	155	0.6	0.5	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,835	2,720	3,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	750	345	405	12.9	12.7	13.0
5 to 14 years	1,140	600	540	19.5	22.1	17.4
15 to 24 years	1,250	540	710	21.4	19.9	22.8
25 to 44 years	2,265	1,035	1,235	38.8	38.1	39.7
45 years and over	420	205	220	7.2	7.5	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,835	2,720	3,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	920	400	520	15.8	14.7	16.7
Brazil	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexico	60	35	25	1.0	1.3	0.8
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	30	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
United States of America	665	275	390	11.4	10.1	12.5
Other places of birth in Americas	95	45	55	1.6	1.7	1.8
Europe	3,220	1,550	1,665	55.2	57.0	53.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	35	20	20	0.6	0.7	0.6
France	45	10	35	0.8	0.4	1.1
Germany	400	195	205	6.9	7.2	6.6
Greece	45	10	30	0.8	0.4	1.0
Hungary	50	25	20	0.9	0.9	0.6
Italy	35	15	25	0.6	0.6	0.8
Netherlands	305	120	185	5.2	4.4	5.9
Poland	25	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
Portugal	25	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Romania	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	15	0.4	0.6	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,860	930	930	31.9	34.2	29.9
Other places of birth in Europe	330	160	170	5.7	5.9	5.5
Africa	255	125	135	4.4	4.6	4.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	55	65	2.1	2.0	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	120	55	65	2.1	2.0	2.1
Asia	1,315	575	740	22.5	21.1	23.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	25	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	30	0.9	0.7	1.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	70	60	2.1	2.6	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	75	35	40	1.3	1.3	1.3
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Philippines	385	145	245	6.6	5.3	7.9
Viet Nam	50	20	30	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	350	165	190	6.0	6.1	6.1
Pakistan	35	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	150	60	90	2.6	2.2	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	125	80	50	2.1	2.9	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	550	220	335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	15	40	10.0	6.8	11.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	10	25	6.4	4.5	7.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.0
Europe	115	40	70	20.9	18.2	20.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	25	25	9.1	11.4	7.5
Other places of birth in Europe	55	10	40	10.0	4.5	11.9
Africa	20	10	0	3.6	4.5	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	1.8	4.5	0.0
Asia	360	155	210	65.5	70.5	62.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	3.6	4.5	3.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	40	45	15.5	18.2	13.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	10	0	10	1.8	0.0	3.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	155	75	85	28.2	34.1	25.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	30	9.1	9.1	9.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	2.7	0.0	4.5
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	46,430	22,440	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,740	3,155	3,585	14.5	14.1	14.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,570	4,170	4,400	18.5	18.6	18.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	31,120	15,115	16,010	67.0	67.4	66.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,870	1,305	1,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,570	735	835	54.7	56.3	53.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	690	395	295	24.0	30.3	18.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	880	340	540	30.7	26.1	34.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,135	500	635	39.5	38.3	40.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	160	65	90	5.6	5.0	5.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,870	1,305	1,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	680	335	345	23.7	25.7	22.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	70	45	4.2	5.4	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	145	40	105	5.1	3.1	6.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	20	1.0	0.8	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,905	845	1,060	66.4	64.8	67.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	46,430	22,440	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,295	1,615	1,675	7.1	7.2	7.0
South Asian	1,005	520	485	2.2	2.3	2.0
Chinese	495	270	220	1.1	1.2	0.9
Black	400	175	225	0.9	0.8	0.9
Filipino	535	195	340	1.2	0.9	1.4
Arab	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latin American	135	60	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	140	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
West Asian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	170	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	140	85	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	43,135	20,820	22,315	92.9	92.8	93.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	46,435	22,440	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,800	2,820	2,975	12.5	12.6	12.4
English	15,360	7,125	8,230	33.1	31.8	34.3
Irish	8,035	3,555	4,475	17.3	15.8	18.6
Scottish	11,120	5,220	5,900	23.9	23.3	24.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,845	1,750	2,085	8.3	7.8	8.7
German	5,650	2,650	3,000	12.2	11.8	12.5
Chinese	555	300	250	1.2	1.3	1.0
Italian	1,140	535	610	2.5	2.4	2.5
Indian (India)	795	455	345	1.7	2.0	1.4
Ukrainian	1,900	895	1,005	4.1	4.0	4.2
Dutch	2,535	1,190	1,350	5.5	5.3	5.6
Polish	1,165	510	660	2.5	2.3	2.8
Québécois	70	50	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,575	1,185	1,390	5.5	5.3	5.8
Filipino	520	215	305	1.1	1.0	1.3
French Canadian	510	225	285	1.1	1.0	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	860	440	420	1.9	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,885	1,480	1,410	6.2	6.6	5.9
Métis	1,275	650	625	2.7	2.9	2.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,455	740	715	3.1	3.3	3.0
Russian	1,055	525	530	2.3	2.3	2.2
Norwegian	1,850	735	1,120	4.0	3.3	4.7
Welsh	1,585	715	865	3.4	3.2	3.6
Portuguese	295	115	180	0.6	0.5	0.8
American	1,035	515	530	2.2	2.3	2.2
Spanish	335	165	170	0.7	0.7	0.7
Swedish	1,335	610	725	2.9	2.7	3.0
Hungarian	495	255	240	1.1	1.1	1.0
Acadian	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pakistani	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195	85	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	170	60	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Punjabi	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Greek	175	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	185	80	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	365	155	205	0.8	0.7	0.9
Korean	130	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Romanian	225	80	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lebanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	45	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	825	415	415	1.8	1.8	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	370	140	230	0.8	0.6	1.0
Sikh	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	515	260	255	1.1	1.2	1.1
Belgian	260	120	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	210	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	125	85	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Swiss	350	165	185	0.8	0.7	0.8
Finnish	465	235	230	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	220	105	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	510	200	310	1.1	0.9	1.3
Muslim	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	345	150	195	0.7	0.7	0.8
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	130	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syrian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	90	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Newfoundlander	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Turkish	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	150	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Australian	175	70	105	0.4	0.3	0.4
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Northern Irish	80	55	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	300	150	150	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	65	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	46,430	22,440	23,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	185	70	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	16,280	7,185	9,095	35.1	32.0	37.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,300	1,510	1,790	7.1	6.7	7.5
Anabaptist	90	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Anglican	2,565	1,100	1,465	5.5	4.9	6.1
Baptist	925	430	495	2.0	1.9	2.1
Catholic	4,595	2,015	2,575	9.9	9.0	10.7
Christian Orthodox	125	55	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	275	120	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	155	65	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	470	200	270	1.0	0.9	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	395	185	210	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	425	165	255	0.9	0.7	1.1
Reformed	185	95	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
United Church	1,785	710	1,080	3.8	3.2	4.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	940	440	500	2.0	2.0	2.1
Hindu	185	105	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	185	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	430	225	200	0.9	1.0	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	550	230	315	1.2	1.0	1.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	715	265	445	1.5	1.2	1.9
No religion and secular perspectives	27,815	14,225	13,590	59.9	63.4	56.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	46,070	22,255	23,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	40,675	19,695	20,980	88.3	88.5	88.1
Movers	5,400	2,560	2,840	11.7	11.5	11.9
Non-migrants	2,410	1,130	1,280	5.2	5.1	5.4
Migrants	2,995	1,430	1,565	6.5	6.4	6.6
Internal migrants	2,760	1,340	1,420	6.0	6.0	6.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,245	1,090	1,155	4.9	4.9	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	520	245	270	1.1	1.1	1.1
External migrants	235	90	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	44,395	21,395	22,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	26,535	12,935	13,600	59.8	60.5	59.1
Movers	17,860	8,460	9,400	40.2	39.5	40.9
Non-migrants	4,885	2,315	2,570	11.0	10.8	11.2
Migrants	12,970	6,145	6,830	29.2	28.7	29.7
Internal migrants	12,090	5,770	6,320	27.2	27.0	27.5
Intraprovincial migrants	9,965	4,715	5,250	22.4	22.0	22.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,125	1,055	1,070	4.8	4.9	4.7
External migrants	885	375	510	2.0	1.8	2.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,545	19,000	20,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,940	4,450	3,495	20.1	23.4	17.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,605	14,555	17,050	79.9	76.6	83.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,760	10,760	12,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,495	2,025	1,475	15.4	18.8	12.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,260	8,740	10,525	84.6	81.2	87.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	39,545	19,000	20,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,660	3,640	3,020	16.8	19.2	14.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,705	5,885	6,825	32.1	31.0	33.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,180	9,485	10,695	51.0	49.9	52.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,280	6,575	6,705	33.6	34.6	32.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,135	3,110	1,025	10.5	16.4	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,760	1,015	740	4.5	5.3	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,380	2,095	285	6.0	11.0	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,415	2,900	4,515	18.8	15.3	22.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,725	565	1,160	4.4	3.0	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,900	2,905	3,995	17.4	15.3	19.4
Bachelor's degree	4,490	1,765	2,725	11.4	9.3	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	485	175	310	1.2	0.9	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	210	135	70	0.5	0.7	0.3
Master's degree	1,520	730	800	3.8	3.8	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,760	10,765	12,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,830	1,625	1,210	12.4	15.1	10.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,020	3,430	3,590	30.8	31.9	29.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,905	5,710	7,195	56.7	53.0	60.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,390	4,045	4,350	36.9	37.6	36.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,490	1,860	630	10.9	17.3	5.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,040	570	475	4.6	5.3	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,450	1,285	160	6.4	11.9	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,790	1,815	2,975	21.0	16.9	24.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,110	365	740	4.9	3.4	6.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,515	1,665	2,845	19.8	15.5	23.7
Bachelor's degree	3,070	1,130	1,940	13.5	10.5	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	295	90	210	1.3	0.8	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	90	65	0.7	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	915	330	590	4.0	3.1	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	25	50	0.4	0.2	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	39,550	19,005	20,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,365	9,520	9,845	49.0	50.1	47.9
Education	1,810	425	1,390	4.6	2.2	6.8
13. Education	1,810	425	1,390	4.6	2.2	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	565	230	335	1.4	1.2	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	500	190	315	1.3	1.0	1.5
Humanities	940	385	560	2.4	2.0	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	20	85	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	275	85	190	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	65	140	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	45	10	0.2	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	85	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	135	80	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,995	730	1,270	5.0	3.8	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	455	65	390	1.2	0.3	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	260	70	185	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
42. Psychology	390	120	270	1.0	0.6	1.3
45. Social sciences	650	355	290	1.6	1.9	1.4
Business, management and public administration	3,315	1,030	2,285	8.4	5.4	11.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	95	285	0.9	0.5	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,935	935	2,000	7.4	4.9	9.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	750	435	320	1.9	2.3	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	330	190	140	0.8	1.0	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	70	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	215	165	50	0.5	0.9	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	10	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	485	295	190	1.2	1.6	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	390	260	130	1.0	1.4	0.6
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,465	4,215	250	11.3	22.2	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	60	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	480	435	45	1.2	2.3	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	820	725	100	2.1	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,295	1,265	30	3.3	6.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,065	1,025	35	2.7	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	745	715	30	1.9	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	455	300	1.9	2.4	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	395	160	240	1.0	0.8	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	355	295	60	0.9	1.6	0.3
Health and related fields	3,685	605	3,075	9.3	3.2	15.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	100	85	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,370	430	2,940	8.5	2.3	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	75	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,415	695	720	3.6	3.7	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	935	270	660	2.4	1.4	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	150	125	25	0.4	0.7	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	315	280	35	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,760	10,760	12,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,850	5,055	4,805	43.3	47.0	40.0
Education	1,015	180	830	4.5	1.7	6.9
13. Education	1,015	180	830	4.5	1.7	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	340	145	195	1.5	1.3	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	305	125	180	1.3	1.2	1.5
Humanities	500	175	325	2.2	1.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	15	55	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	150	20	125	0.7	0.2	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	110	35	75	0.5	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
54. History	70	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,375	440	935	6.0	4.1	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	335	40	290	1.5	0.4	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	165	30	135	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	250	60	190	1.1	0.6	1.6
45. Social sciences	465	240	230	2.0	2.2	1.9
Business, management and public administration	2,165	620	1,545	9.5	5.8	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	225	35	190	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,935	585	1,350	8.5	5.4	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	470	265	205	2.1	2.5	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195	95	100	0.9	0.9	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	145	120	25	0.6	1.1	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	390	240	150	1.7	2.2	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	335	230	110	1.5	2.1	0.9
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,680	2,485	195	11.8	23.1	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	35	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	285	250	35	1.3	2.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	475	400	70	2.1	3.7	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	820	800	25	3.6	7.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	610	580	35	2.7	5.4	0.3
48. Precision production	455	430	20	2.0	4.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	485	265	220	2.1	2.5	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	255	90	165	1.1	0.8	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	230	175	50	1.0	1.6	0.4
Health and related fields	2,485	405	2,080	10.9	3.8	17.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	140	70	65	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,240	270	1,970	9.8	2.5	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	65	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,010	495	510	4.4	4.6	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	690	220	470	3.0	2.0	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	115	90	20	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	185	25	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	22,760	10,760	12,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,850	5,055	4,805	43.3	47.0	40.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,910	5,710	7,195	56.7	53.1	60.0
Location of study inside Canada	11,610	5,135	6,480	51.0	47.7	54.0
Same as province or territory of residence	9,105	3,900	5,200	40.0	36.2	43.3
Different than province or territory of residence	2,510	1,235	1,275	11.0	11.5	10.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,290	575	720	5.7	5.3	6.0
Americas	385	175	205	1.7	1.6	1.7
United States of America	325	150	170	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mexico	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	400	225	175	1.8	2.1	1.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	225	125	95	1.0	1.2	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	390	125	265	1.7	1.2	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	200	40	160	0.9	0.4	1.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	80	50	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australia	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	39,545	19,000	20,545	...	...	...
In the labour force	21,985	11,185	10,800	...	...	...
Employed	20,350	10,310	10,040	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,640	875	765	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	17,555	7,820	9,735	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.6	58.9	52.6	55.6	58.9	52.6
Employment rate	51.5	54.3	48.9	51.5	54.3	48.9
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.8	7.1	7.5	7.8	7.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	39,550	19,005	20,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	17,405	7,755	9,650	44.0	40.8	47.0
Worked	22,145	11,250	10,890	56.0	59.2	53.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,755	6,040	4,715	27.2	31.8	23.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	11,385	5,210	6,180	28.8	27.4	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.8	40.0	40.9	41.8	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	21,985	11,185	10,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	170	180	1.6	1.5	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,635	11,015	10,625	98.4	98.5	98.3
Employee	17,330	8,575	8,755	78.8	76.7	81.0
Permanent position	14,540	7,420	7,120	66.1	66.3	65.9
Temporary position	2,795	1,160	1,635	12.7	10.4	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	795	285	505	3.6	2.5	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,000	870	1,125	9.1	7.8	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,305	2,435	1,865	19.6	21.8	17.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	21,985	11,185	10,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	170	180	1.6	1.5	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,635	11,015	10,625	98.4	98.5	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	190	95	95	0.9	0.8	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,810	660	2,145	12.8	5.9	19.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,230	955	280	5.6	8.5	2.6
3 Health occupations	1,830	355	1,475	8.3	3.2	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,825	850	1,980	12.8	7.6	18.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	630	240	390	2.9	2.1	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	5,780	2,345	3,430	26.3	21.0	31.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,420	4,040	380	20.1	36.1	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,065	770	290	4.8	6.9	2.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	865	700	160	3.9	6.3	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	21,985	11,185	10,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	355	170	180	1.6	1.5	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	21,635	11,015	10,625	98.4	98.5	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,050	770	280	4.8	6.9	2.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	120	115	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
22 Utilities	40	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
23 Construction	2,355	2,030	325	10.7	18.1	3.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,535	1,210	325	7.0	10.8	3.0
41 Wholesale trade	315	245	70	1.4	2.2	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	2,880	1,370	1,510	13.1	12.2	14.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	650	520	130	3.0	4.6	1.2
51 Information and cultural industries	260	150	110	1.2	1.3	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	550	200	350	2.5	1.8	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	320	175	145	1.5	1.6	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,250	600	655	5.7	5.4	6.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,000	545	450	4.5	4.9	4.2
61 Educational services	1,620	445	1,175	7.4	4.0	10.9
62 Health care and social assistance	3,115	585	2,525	14.2	5.2	23.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	520	260	260	2.4	2.3	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	1,600	645	955	7.3	5.8	8.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	990	430	560	4.5	3.8	5.2
91 Public administration	1,435	655	775	6.5	5.9	7.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,010	12,135	11,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,600	11,980	11,625	98.3	98.7	97.9
French	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	130	50	80	0.5	0.4	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	220	85	135	0.9	0.7	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,010	12,135	11,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,970	12,125	11,840	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	23,905	12,100	11,805	99.6	99.7	99.4
English	23,860	12,085	11,770	99.4	99.6	99.1
French	45	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.3
Non-official languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	40	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	45	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,010	12,135	11,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	23,695	12,010	11,680	98.7	99.0	98.4
English	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	95	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	145	50	85	0.6	0.4	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	60	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	80	35	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	20,350	10,305	10,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,275	1,345	1,930	16.1	13.1	19.2
Worked outside Canada	40	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,450	2,525	920	17.0	24.5	9.2
Usual place of work	13,585	6,395	7,185	66.8	62.1	71.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	13,585	6,400	7,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,995	2,325	2,665	36.8	36.3	37.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,085	2,645	3,445	44.8	41.3	47.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,400	1,350	1,045	17.7	21.1	14.5
Commute to a different province or territory	105	80	30	0.8	1.3	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,030	8,920	8,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,315	8,080	7,235	89.9	90.6	89.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,305	7,570	6,735	84.0	84.9	83.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,010	510	505	5.9	5.7	6.2
Public transit	175	80	95	1.0	0.9	1.2
Walked	995	465	525	5.8	5.2	6.5
Bicycle	185	120	65	1.1	1.3	0.8
Other method	365	180	185	2.1	2.0	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,030	8,920	8,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,615	3,500	4,110	44.7	39.2	50.7
15 to 29 minutes	5,580	2,880	2,700	32.8	32.3	33.3
30 to 44 minutes	1,680	980	700	9.9	11.0	8.6
45 to 59 minutes	975	685	290	5.7	7.7	3.6
60 minutes and over	1,185	875	310	7.0	9.8	3.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,030	8,920	8,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,240	975	270	7.3	10.9	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,830	1,830	1,005	16.6	20.5	12.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,410	2,385	2,030	25.9	26.7	25.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,870	1,565	2,305	22.7	17.5	28.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,410	830	1,575	14.2	9.3	19.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,270	1,345	930	13.3	15.1	11.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,500	4,310	4,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	655	325	330	7.7	7.5	7.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,840	3,985	3,855	92.2	92.5	92.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,380	3,250	3,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	515	250	265	8.1	7.7	8.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	245	115	135	3.8	3.5	4.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	270	140	130	4.2	4.3	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,865	3,000	2,865	91.9	92.3	91.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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