Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fort ErieMore information: Ontario [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	15,372	...	...
Population, 2016¹	14,772^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	6,856	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	6,486	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,051.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14.62	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	15,370	7,440	7,935
0 to 14 years	2,195	1,120	1,080
0 to 4 years	675	340	335
5 to 9 years	725	370	355
10 to 14 years	800	410	390
15 to 64 years	9,240	4,530	4,710
15 to 19 years	780	410	370
20 to 24 years	735	360	375
25 to 29 years	810	420	390
30 to 34 years	915	460	450
35 to 39 years	770	370	405
40 to 44 years	840	405	430
45 to 49 years	820	395	425
50 to 54 years	1,015	470	550
55 to 59 years	1,225	625	605
60 to 64 years	1,320	615	705
65 years and over	3,935	1,790	2,140
65 to 69 years	1,210	585	630
70 to 74 years	1,035	490	545
75 to 79 years	720	335	390
80 to 84 years	440	185	255
85 years and over	525	195	330
85 to 89 years	300	130	170
90 to 94 years	155	45	105
95 to 99 years	60	15	50
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	15.1	13.6
15 to 64 years	60.1	60.9	59.4
65 years and over	25.6	24.1	27.0
85 years and over	3.4	2.6	4.2
Average age of the population	45.9	44.7	47.0
Median age of the population	49.2	47.6	50.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	6,485	...	...
Single-detached house	4,930	...	...
Semi-detached house	130	...	...
Row house	110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	610	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	310	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	6,490	...	...
1 person	1,905	...	...
2 persons	2,415	...	...
3 persons	1,005	...	...
4 persons	740	...	...
5 or more persons	425	...	...
Number of persons in private households	15,020	7,310	7,710
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	13,170	6,315	6,850
Married or living common-law	7,290	3,640	3,655
Married	5,845	2,920	2,930
Living common-law	1,445	720	725
Living common law - Never married	905	445	455
Living common law - Separated	115	60	50
Living common law - Divorced	370	195	175
Living common law - Widowed	65	20	40
Not married and not living common-law	5,880	2,680	3,200
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,285	1,810	1,475
Not married and not living common law - Separated	540	240	300
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,050	425	625
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,010	205	800
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	4,510	...	...
2 persons	2,575	...	...
3 persons	995	...	...
4 persons	645	...	...
5 or more persons	295	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	4,510	...	...
Total couple families	3,560	...	...
Married couples	2,840	...	...
With children⁶	1,275	...	...
Without children	1,560	...	...
Common-law couples	720	...	...
With children⁶	305	...	...
Without children	420	...	...
Total one-parent families	955	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	740	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	215	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	15,020	7,310	7,710
Total - Persons in census families	12,295	6,070	6,220
Married spouses or common-law partners	7,115	3,555	3,565
Parents in one-parent families	950	210	740
Children⁶	4,230	2,305	1,920
In a two-parent family	2,785	1,485	1,305
In a one-parent family	1,445	825	620
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,725	1,235	1,485
Living alone	1,905	840	1,060
Living with other relatives⁷	335	120	220
Living with non-relatives only	485	280	210
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	6,490	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	3,935	...	...
Couple-family households	3,205	...	...
With children⁶	1,415	...	...
Without children	1,795	...	...
One-parent-family households	730	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	205	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	210	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	205	...	...
One-person households	1,905	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	12,825	6,185	6,635
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,425	5,985	6,440
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,800	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,425	5,985	6,440
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,200	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,555	5,210	5,345
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,000	34,800	22,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,015	4,110	3,900
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	36,800	24,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,470	5,480	5,990
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	11,500	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,540	755	790
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,520	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,520	1,650	1,865
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	12,745	6,115	6,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,370	5,900	6,465
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,840	48,920	39,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,370	5,900	6,465
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,360	42,240	34,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,565	5,135	5,430
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	44,240	31,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,990	4,035	3,955
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,960	44,040	33,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,425	5,410	6,015
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,510	11,400	13,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,550	645	905
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,175	6,200	6,160
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,420	1,570	1,855
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,740	9,030	10,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	12,745	6,115	6,630
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,440	1,975	1,460
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	60,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,850	66,100	56,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,260	1,405	1,855
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	18,400	15,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,500	25,640	21,900
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.6	78.6	68.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.4	61.5	52.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.4	21.3	32.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	1.4	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.1	5.5	8.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	4.9	7.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	12,820	6,190	6,635
Without total income	400	205	195
With total income	12,420	5,985	6,440
Under $10,000 (including loss)	990	430	555
$10,000 to $19,999	1,715	705	1,005
$20,000 to $29,999	2,270	955	1,315
$30,000 to $39,999	1,935	825	1,110
$40,000 to $49,999	1,630	825	805
$50,000 to $59,999	1,215	585	630
$60,000 to $69,999	800	450	350
$70,000 to $79,999	535	330	205
$80,000 to $89,999	390	235	150
$90,000 to $99,999	270	180	85
$100,000 and over	680	455	230
$100,000 to $149,999	505	330	180
$150,000 and over	175	125	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	12,820	6,190	6,635
Without after-tax income	400	205	195
With after-tax income	12,420	5,985	6,440
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,010	435	575
$10,000 to $19,999	1,790	735	1,050
$20,000 to $29,999	2,560	1,080	1,480
$30,000 to $39,999	2,270	1,050	1,225
$40,000 to $49,999	1,770	875	890
$50,000 to $59,999	1,115	600	515
$60,000 to $69,999	710	445	270
$70,000 to $79,999	430	270	165
$80,000 to $89,999	285	175	105
$90,000 to $99,999	175	115	65
$100,000 and over	295	200	95
$100,000 to $124,999	150	105	45
$125,000 and over	145	95	50
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	12,820	6,190	6,635
Without employment income	4,810	2,080	2,730
With employment income	8,010	4,110	3,905
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,335	655	675
$5,000 to $9,999	760	325	440
$10,000 to $19,999	1,040	430	610
$20,000 to $29,999	830	385	450
$30,000 to $39,999	840	395	440
$40,000 to $49,999	800	420	380
$50,000 to $59,999	620	330	290
$60,000 to $69,999	480	275	210
$70,000 to $79,999	320	215	110
$80,000 to $89,999	285	190	95
$90,000 to $99,999	215	145	70
$100,000 and over	485	335	145
$100,000 to $124,999	275	185	90
$125,000 and over	215	150	55
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	12,825	6,185	6,635
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,220	5,880	6,340
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,000	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,220	5,875	6,345
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,400	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,575	5,220	5,355
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	37,200	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,165	4,185	3,980
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	38,400	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,980	5,235	5,750
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,600	4,840	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,070	545	520
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,920	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	12,745	6,115	6,630
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,215	5,825	6,390
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	48,560	36,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,215	5,825	6,390
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,640	41,440	32,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,640	5,185	5,450
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,360	46,440	32,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,195	4,175	4,020
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,760	44,480	34,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,990	5,220	5,765
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,840	8,040	9,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,065	500	565
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	6,300	6,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	12,745	6,115	6,630
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,415	1,945	1,475
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	60,000	44,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,700	65,300	52,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,150	1,345	1,805
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	25,400	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,040	31,640	27,080
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.2	85.2	76.4
Employment income (%)	63.1	65.6	60.1
Government transfers (%)	18.8	14.8	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	6,485	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,905	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	4,580	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	6,475	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,930	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,280	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	4,550	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	6,485	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	170	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	310	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	250	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	260	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	275	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	295	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	310	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	620	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	525	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	485	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	465	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	430	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,925	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	775	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	455	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	425	...	...
$200,000 and over	270	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	6,485	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	330	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	285	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	290	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	325	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	330	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	375	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	655	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	615	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	570	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	540	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	380	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,425	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	670	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	360	...	...
$150,000 and over	395	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	4,425	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,820	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,610	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	865	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,385	1,120	1,265
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,800	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,000	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	4,400	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,790	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,625	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	845	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,350	1,045	1,310
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,520	43,600	43,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	38,200	38,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	15,020	7,310	7,710
0 to 17 years	2,655	1,365	1,290
0 to 5 years	810	415	395
18 to 64 years	8,710	4,235	4,475
65 years and over	3,655	1,710	1,950
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,920	900	1,020
0 to 17 years	425	235	190
0 to 5 years	140	80	65
18 to 64 years	1,020	475	540
65 years and over	475	185	290
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.3	13.2
0 to 17 years (%)	16.0	17.4	14.6
0 to 5 years (%)	17.6	19.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.7	11.2	12.1
65 years and over (%)	13.1	10.9	15.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	15,020	7,310	7,710
0 to 17 years	2,655	1,365	1,295
0 to 5 years	810	415	400
18 to 64 years	8,710	4,240	4,470
65 years and over	3,655	1,705	1,945
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	540	280	260
0 to 17 years	95	50	45
0 to 5 years	35	15	15
18 to 64 years	390	210	180
65 years and over	50	15	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.8	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.7	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	3.6	4.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	5.0	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.0	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	15,015	7,310	7,710
In bottom half of the distribution	9,110	4,365	4,745
In bottom decile	1,685	800	885
In second decile	1,805	830	980
In third decile	1,975	935	1,045
In fourth decile	1,810	890	925
In fifth decile	1,830	915	915
In top half of the distribution	5,915	2,945	2,965
In sixth decile	1,640	805	840
In seventh decile	1,385	695	695
In eighth decile	1,205	590	610
In ninth decile	1,020	525	500
In top decile	665	335	325
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	15,020	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.293	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	15,140	7,350	7,785
English only	14,305	7,000	7,305
French only	15	5	10
English and French	710	300	410
Neither English nor French	105	45	65
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	15,140	7,350	7,785
English	14,795	7,205	7,595
French	220	95	125
English and French	25	10	10
Neither English nor French	95	35	65
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	15,140	7,350	7,785
Single responses	14,835	7,200	7,635
Official languages	13,395	6,540	6,850
English	13,185	6,450	6,740
French	205	95	115
Non-official languages	1,440	660	780
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,435	655	780
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	30	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	40	20	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	10	5	5
Tigrigna	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	25	40
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	15	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	40	15	25
Haitian Creole	35	10	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,025	475	545
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	95	125
Baltic languages	5	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0
Slavic languages	215	95	120
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	10
Czech	0	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	80	30	50
Russian	65	30	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15
Bosnian	0	0	5
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	110	40	65
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	60	25	35
German	60	20	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	15	30
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	45	15	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	90	45	40
Indo-Aryan languages	65	40	30
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	20	15	5
Hindi	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	5	15
Dari	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	5	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	580	275	305
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	215	100	110
Portuguese	35	20	20
Romanian	15	10	10
Spanish	315	145	165
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	25	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	55	55
Chinese languages	100	55	50
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	50	25	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5
Lao	10	5	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	15	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	15	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	25	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	5	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	300	150	155
English and French	65	30	40
English and non-official language(s)	185	100	85
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	15,140	7,350	7,785
English	13,630	6,640	6,990
French	20	10	10
Non-official language	345	160	190
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	345	160	190
English and French	135	60	75
English and non-official language(s)	920	435	485
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	30
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	15,140	7,350	7,785
Single responses	14,915	7,245	7,670
Official languages	14,250	6,935	7,310
English	14,190	6,910	7,280
French	60	25	30
Non-official languages	670	305	360
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	665	305	360
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	5	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	0	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	25	10	15
Haitian Creole	25	10	15
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	5	0	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	460	210	250
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	50	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	100	50	55
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	45	20	20
Russian	35	20	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	5
German	10	0	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	5	10
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	25
Indo-Aryan languages	50	30	25
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5
Gujarati	20	10	5
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	10	5	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	115	150
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	55	15	35
Portuguese	15	10	10
Romanian	5	5	5
Spanish	195	90	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	10	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	35	30
Chinese languages	70	35	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	20	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	5
Lao	5	5	5
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	5	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	5	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	225	110	120
English and French	10	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	200	95	105
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	15,135	7,350	7,785
None	14,200	6,905	7,295
English	290	130	160
French	105	50	55
Non-official language	445	220	220
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	440	215	220
English and French	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	35	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	14,920	7,220	7,695
Official languages	14,800	7,175	7,625
English	14,785	7,165	7,615
French	745	350	395
Non-official languages	2,000	920	1,085
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,985	920	1,070
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	65	55
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	120	65	55
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	70	35	35
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	10	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	125	40	85
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	35	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	90	45	45
Haitian Creole	80	40	40
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,315	630	685
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	220	110	110
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	215	105	110
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	90	45	50
Russian	85	35	50
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	0	0
Serbian	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	20	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	120	60	65
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	75	35	40
German	75	35	40
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	25	25
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	30	15	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	55	25	30
Indo-Iranian languages	135	70	65
Indo-Aryan languages	130	65	65
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	35	25	15
Hindi	50	30	25
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	800	375	425
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	335	155	180
Portuguese	30	20	10
Romanian	10	0	0
Spanish	445	195	245
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	60	20	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	165	85	75
Chinese languages	165	85	75
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	60	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	45	45
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	65	30	35
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	65	30	35
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	10	35
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	40	0	35
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	14,915	7,220	7,695
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	940	450	495
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	875	410	465
First Nations (North American Indian)	665	305	360
Métis	210	100	105
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	25	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	35	15	25
Non-Indigenous identity	13,975	6,775	7,205
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	14,915	7,220	7,695
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	410	165	240
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	14,505	7,055	7,455
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	6,475	...	...
Owner	4,710	...	...
Renter	1,765	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	6,475	...	...
Condominium	100	...	...
Not condominium	6,375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	6,475	...	...
No bedrooms	15	...	...
1 bedroom	600	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,695	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,770	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,395	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	6,475	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,280	...	...
5 rooms	1,065	...	...
6 rooms	1,170	...	...
7 rooms	1,065	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,890	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	6,475	...	...
One person or fewer per room	6,450	...	...
More than one person per room	25	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	6,475	...	...
Suitable	6,245	...	...
Not suitable	230	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	6,475	...	...
1960 or before	2,665	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,915	...	...
1981 to 1990	525	...	...
1991 to 2000	555	...	...
2001 to 2005	260	...	...
2006 to 2010	200	...	...
2011 to 2015	75	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	275	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	6,475	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	5,970	...	...
Major repairs needed	505	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	6,475	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,475	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,760	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	245	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	6,475	...	...
15 to 24 years	115	...	...
25 to 34 years	645	...	...
35 to 44 years	830	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,075	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,480	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,300	...	...
75 to 84 years	740	...	...
85 years and over	290	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	6,460	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	5,065	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,395	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,275	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	6,475	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,960	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,275	...	...
Not suitable only	165	...	...
Major repairs needed only	365	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	4,510	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	6,340	...	...
In core need	755	...	...
Not in core need	5,585	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,705	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,259	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	492,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	506,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,770	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,024	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	14,915	7,220	7,695
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	385	195	190
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	380	185	190
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	370	175	190
Métis single ancestry	15	10	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	700	350	350
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	675	330	340
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	545	270	275
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	60	65
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	13,825	6,680	7,150
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	14,915	7,225	7,695
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	14,085	6,905	7,180
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,530	1,335	1,200
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	11,550	5,570	5,980
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	830	315	515
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	14,915	7,225	7,695
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	12,135	6,005	6,125
Immigrants⁸¹	2,645	1,160	1,490
Before 1980	1,095	490	610
1980 to 1990	275	120	155
1991 to 2000	475	180	290
2001 to 2010	365	170	195
2011 to 2021⁸²	440	205	240
2011 to 2015	215	105	110
2016 to 2021	225	100	130
Non-permanent residents⁸³	140	55	85
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,645	1,160	1,490
Under 5 years	280	130	145
5 to 14 years	480	235	250
15 to 24 years	600	260	345
25 to 44 years	1,010	420	595
45 years and over	280	120	160
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,645	1,160	1,490
Americas	1,025	375	650
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	25	0	20
El Salvador	70	30	40
Guyana	30	15	15
Haiti	55	25	25
Jamaica	85	40	45
Mexico	25	0	20
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	600	205	395
Other places of birth in Americas	115	40	70
Europe	985	485	505
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	70	35	35
Greece	30	15	15
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	210	90	115
Netherlands	40	20	15
Poland	70	35	40
Portugal	20	20	0
Romania	10	0	10
Russian Federation	20	10	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	390	195	195
Other places of birth in Europe	80	40	40
Africa	55	30	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	10	10	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10
Asia	575	265	310
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	20	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	30	20	10
China⁹⁰	115	60	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	20	15
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	35
Taiwan	15	0	10
Philippines	100	30	65
Viet Nam	15	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	100	55	45
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	80	35	45
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	225	95	130
Americas	155	65	95
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	70	40	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	75	20	55
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	20	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	10	10	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	40	15	25
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	14,915	7,220	7,695
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,050	1,330	1,720
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,155	1,595	1,560
Third generation or more¹⁰²	8,710	4,295	4,415
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,555	675	880
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	500	240	260
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	245	125	125
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	250	115	140
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	650	235	415
Refugees¹⁰⁸	350	170	175
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	30	30
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,555	675	880
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	280	130	150
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	185	60	125
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	15	25
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	40	20	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	0	30
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	985	450	535
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	14,915	7,220	7,695
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,630	770	860
South Asian	190	110	85
Chinese	255	130	120
Black	515	265	255
Filipino	115	45	70
Arab	45	25	20
Latin American	295	120	180
Southeast Asian	35	10	30
West Asian	30	10	20
Korean	55	25	30
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	70	35	40
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	13,290	6,450	6,840
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	14,920	7,225	7,695
Canadian	2,430	1,155	1,275
English	3,725	1,865	1,855
Irish	2,665	1,255	1,405
Scottish	2,440	1,170	1,265
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,500	760	740
German	2,365	1,220	1,145
Chinese	295	150	145
Italian	1,635	880	760
Indian (India)	135	70	65
Ukrainian	345	165	185
Dutch	725	335	390
Polish	600	320	285
Québécois	10	0	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	690	305	390
Filipino	110	40	60
French Canadian	205	120	85
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	355	175	185
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	480	235	240
Métis	170	95	75
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	140	50	90
Russian	180	85	95
Norwegian	70	35	35
Welsh	335	180	155
Portuguese	95	60	35
American	370	145	225
Spanish	190	70	120
Swedish	135	45	85
Hungarian	385	155	230
Acadian	30	15	15
Pakistani	15	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	35	65
Jewish	50	30	20
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	0	10
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	40	25	15
Greek	95	60	40
Jamaican	190	80	110
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	10	10
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	60	20	30
Romanian	80	30	50
Lebanese	35	10	15
Iranian	10	0	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	95	45	55
Danish	70	35	45
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	185	80	100
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	30	10	25
Belgian	35	15	20
Haitian	60	35	20
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	45	15	30
Mennonite	15	10	0
Swiss	45	15	20
Finnish	60	20	35
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	60	30	30
Japanese	30	10	20
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	25	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	45	20	25
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	0	30
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	20	25
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	25	10	15
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	45	25	25
Syrian	10	0	10
Guyanese	45	20	20
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	10	15
Serbian	25	15	10
Ojibway	20	15	0
Newfoundlander	10	10	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	75	45	35
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	50	30	25
Slovak	50	35	20
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	65	25	40
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	30	0	30
Iraqi	10	0	0
Salvadorean	75	35	40
African Caribbean	25	10	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	20	0
Algonquin	25	10	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	10	10
Lithuanian	30	15	15
South African	30	10	20
Australian	30	20	10
Palestinian	25	15	10
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	15	20	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	15	0
Peruvian	10	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	10	0	10
Maltese	95	40	55
Macedonian	10	0	0
Slovenian	15	15	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	35	15	20
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	20	0	20
Mohawk	75	45	30
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	10	20
Bulgarian	40	30	15
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	15	0	0
African American	40	0	30
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	15	15
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	55	30	25
Bosnian	10	10	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	65	20	45
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	45	25	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	15	15	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	20	10	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	20	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	15	20
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	20	0	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	10	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	14,915	7,220	7,695
Buddhist	40	10	30
Christian	9,015	4,225	4,790
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,280	645	630
Anabaptist	65	25	30
Anglican	1,185	560	620
Baptist	260	125	140
Catholic	4,135	1,940	2,195
Christian Orthodox	125	60	70
Jehovah's Witness	45	10	35
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	345	165	180
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	15	20
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	65	35	35
Presbyterian	385	160	225
Reformed	25	15	15
United Church	500	220	280
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	540	240	300
Hindu	65	30	40
Jewish	40	20	20
Muslim	125	70	55
Sikh	50	25	25
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	30	15	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	95	35	60
No religion and secular perspectives	5,465	2,795	2,665
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	14,750	7,140	7,605
Non-movers	13,165	6,390	6,775
Movers	1,585	755	830
Non-migrants	755	335	415
Migrants	830	415	415
Internal migrants	800	400	400
Intraprovincial migrants	780	390	390
Interprovincial migrants	20	10	0
External migrants	25	20	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	14,275	6,915	7,360
Non-movers	8,900	4,255	4,645
Movers	5,375	2,665	2,720
Non-migrants	2,140	1,050	1,095
Migrants	3,240	1,615	1,625
Internal migrants	2,935	1,490	1,445
Intraprovincial migrants	2,725	1,380	1,350
Interprovincial migrants	205	115	90
External migrants	305	125	180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,745	6,115	6,630
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,405	1,305	1,095
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,345	4,810	5,535
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,650	3,625	4,025
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	915	490	425
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,735	3,135	3,595
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,750	6,115	6,630
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,165	1,165	1,005
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,720	2,175	2,545
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,860	2,780	3,080
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,105	1,985	2,125
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	905	635	270
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	455	270	185
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	450	365	85
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,990	1,265	1,725
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	210	85	135
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,755	800	960
Bachelor's degree	1,175	535	640
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	110	40	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	25	25
Master's degree	360	150	210
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	50	10
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,650	3,625	4,025
No certificate, diploma or degree	795	425	365
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,705	1,295	1,410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,150	1,910	2,245
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,950	1,410	1,540
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	560	365	190
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	290	155	130
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	275	215	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,245	995	1,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140	50	95
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,205	495	705
Bachelor's degree	790	355	440
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	20	60
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	10	20
Master's degree	265	85	180
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	35	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,750	6,115	6,635
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,885	3,335	3,545
Education	365	75	290
13. Education	365	75	290
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	200	105	95
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	35	0
50. Visual and performing arts	160	70	90
Humanities	240	120	120
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	40	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	55	40	15
54. History	20	20	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	795	280	515
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	25	60
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	220	15	205
22. Legal professions and studies	120	40	80
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10
42. Psychology	110	45	60
45. Social sciences	235	140	95
Business, management and public administration	1,080	385	695
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	110	20	85
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	975	365	605
Physical and life sciences and technologies	165	85	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	30	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	35	30	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	140	120	15
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	100	10
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	20	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,185	1,110	75
04. Architecture and related services	35	35	0
14. Engineering	135	115	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	280	235	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	245	240	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	315	310	0
48. Precision production	180	175	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140	65	70
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	50	55
03. Natural resources and conservation	25	15	10
Health and related fields	950	165	780
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	105	50	50
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	835	110	725
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	605	265	340
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	295	55	245
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	205	135	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	95	70	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,650	3,625	4,020
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,500	1,720	1,780
Education	205	35	170
13. Education	205	35	170
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	145	70	75
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	20	0
50. Visual and performing arts	115	50	65
Humanities	170	85	85
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	65	25	40
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	30	0
54. History	20	15	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	620	215	405
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	15	40
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	195	15	180
22. Legal professions and studies	105	35	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	10
42. Psychology	80	40	35
45. Social sciences	175	100	70
Business, management and public administration	785	280	505
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	75	10	65
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	710	270	440
Physical and life sciences and technologies	120	55	75
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	55	20	30
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	15	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	20	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	105	95	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	90	90	0
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	785	720	65
04. Architecture and related services	20	20	0
14. Engineering	90	70	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	205	175	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	150	150	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	205	205	0
48. Precision production	110	110	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	100	45	55
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	80	35	45
03. Natural resources and conservation	20	10	10
Health and related fields	665	115	560
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	30	25
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	605	75	535
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	450	205	240
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	225	55	175
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	160	105	55
49. Transportation and materials moving	60	45	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	7,650	3,625	4,020
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,500	1,720	1,780
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,150	1,905	2,240
Location of study inside Canada	3,450	1,660	1,790
Same as province or territory of residence	3,270	1,570	1,700
Different than province or territory of residence	180	95	80
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	700	245	460
Americas	420	140	275
United States of America	345	105	240
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	15	0	15
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	25	15
Europe	90	30	65
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	0
Poland	15	0	10
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	10	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	0	20
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10
Africa	10	10	10
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	175	65	110
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	45	25	25
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20
Philippines	55	15	35
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	20	15	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	12,750	6,115	6,630
In the labour force	7,085	3,645	3,435
Employed	5,980	3,145	2,835
Unemployed	1,105	510	600
Not in the labour force	5,665	2,470	3,195
Participation rate	55.6	59.6	51.8
Employment rate	46.9	51.4	42.8
Unemployment rate	15.6	14.0	17.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	12,750	6,115	6,635
Did not work¹⁸⁶	5,715	2,555	3,155
Worked	7,030	3,560	3,470
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,590	2,085	1,510
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,440	1,480	1,965
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4	41.8	38.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,085	3,650	3,435
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	260	140	115
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,830	3,505	3,320
Employee	5,980	2,995	2,980
Permanent position	5,105	2,560	2,540
Temporary position	875	440	440
Fixed term (1 year or more)	220	75	140
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	650	355	295
Self-employed¹⁹²	845	510	335
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,085	3,650	3,435
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	260	140	115
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,830	3,505	3,320
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	35	30	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,015	295	720
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	335	270	60
3 Health occupations	470	45	425
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	615	215	400
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	205	120	85
6 Sales and service occupations	2,130	830	1,305
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,370	1,260	115
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	155	115	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	490	330	160
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,085	3,650	3,435
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	260	140	115
All industries¹⁹¹	6,830	3,505	3,320
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	75	40	35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	10	0
22 Utilities	35	30	15
23 Construction	570	500	70
31-33 Manufacturing	790	565	225
41 Wholesale trade	185	120	65
44-45 Retail trade	920	410	510
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	525	270	250
51 Information and cultural industries	80	50	35
52 Finance and insurance	155	45	110
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	105	55	45
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	280	115	165
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	350	210	140
61 Educational services	250	70	180
62 Health care and social assistance	800	115	685
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	335	180	155
72 Accommodation and food services	610	255	355
81 Other services (except public administration)	375	220	150
91 Public administration	375	245	130
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	7,575	3,845	3,730
English	7,370	3,750	3,625
French	15	10	0
Non-official language	15	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	0	10
English and French	80	35	45
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	7,575	3,845	3,730
Single responses	7,555	3,835	3,715
Official languages	7,520	3,825	3,695
English	7,500	3,815	3,685
French	15	10	10
Non-official languages	35	15	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	0
Chinese languages	20	15	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	0	10
English and French	15	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	7,575	3,845	3,730
None	7,415	3,770	3,650
English	20	0	15
French	60	30	30
Non-official language	50	30	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	30	20
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,975	3,140	2,840
Worked at home	910	335	580
Worked outside Canada	175	90	90
No fixed workplace address	790	595	195
Usual place of work	4,105	2,125	1,980
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,100	2,125	1,975
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,515	1,210	1,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,350	740	610
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	235	170	65
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,895	2,715	2,170
Car, truck or van	4,570	2,565	2,010
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,225	2,410	1,815
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	350	155	195
Public transit	10	10	0
Walked	200	100	95
Bicycle	45	35	10
Other method	65	10	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,895	2,715	2,170
Less than 15 minutes	2,290	1,110	1,180
15 to 29 minutes	1,135	690	445
30 to 44 minutes	1,030	605	420
45 to 59 minutes	195	110	80
60 minutes and over	240	195	45
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,895	2,715	2,170
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	400	305	95
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	810	555	255
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,375	800	580
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	910	375	545
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	600	295	305
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	790	390	400
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,720	1,395	1,325
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	205	115	90
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,515	1,280	1,230
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,000	1,025	970
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	160	95	65
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	95	55	40
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	60	40	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,840	930	905

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 19, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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