Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fraser North Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	685,314	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	284,065	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	270,848	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	685,310	337,230	348,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	99,595	51,435	48,160	14.5	15.3	13.8
0 to 4 years	31,180	15,955	15,220	4.5	4.7	4.4
5 to 9 years	33,600	17,425	16,170	4.9	5.2	4.6
10 to 14 years	34,815	18,050	16,765	5.1	5.4	4.8
15 to 64 years	471,490	233,365	238,120	68.8	69.2	68.4
15 to 19 years	34,805	18,080	16,725	5.1	5.4	4.8
20 to 24 years	42,165	21,800	20,365	6.2	6.5	5.9
25 to 29 years	49,415	25,355	24,060	7.2	7.5	6.9
30 to 34 years	54,205	27,465	26,740	7.9	8.1	7.7
35 to 39 years	52,715	26,265	26,450	7.7	7.8	7.6
40 to 44 years	47,330	22,990	24,340	6.9	6.8	7.0
45 to 49 years	45,710	21,660	24,045	6.7	6.4	6.9
50 to 54 years	49,305	23,525	25,785	7.2	7.0	7.4
55 to 59 years	50,445	24,380	26,065	7.4	7.2	7.5
60 to 64 years	45,395	21,855	23,540	6.6	6.5	6.8
65 years and over	114,230	52,430	61,805	16.7	15.5	17.8
65 to 69 years	37,515	18,010	19,495	5.5	5.3	5.6
70 to 74 years	29,510	13,845	15,665	4.3	4.1	4.5
75 to 79 years	19,175	8,790	10,390	2.8	2.6	3.0
80 to 84 years	13,760	6,090	7,670	2.0	1.8	2.2
85 years and over	14,265	5,690	8,580	2.1	1.7	2.5
85 to 89 years	8,750	3,810	4,935	1.3	1.1	1.4
90 to 94 years	4,240	1,535	2,710	0.6	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	1,115	300	810	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	165	45	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.3	13.8	14.5	15.3	13.8
15 to 64 years	68.8	69.2	68.4	68.8	69.2	68.4
65 years and over	16.7	15.5	17.8	16.7	15.5	17.8
85 years and over	2.1	1.7	2.5	2.1	1.7	2.5
Average age of the population	41.6	40.6	42.5	41.6	40.6	42.5
Median age of the population	40.8	39.6	42.4	40.8	39.6	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	270,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	77,510	...	...	28.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	7,200	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	28,410	...	...	10.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	38,595	...	...	14.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	64,025	...	...	23.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	54,065	...	...	20.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	300	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	740	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	270,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	73,000	...	...	27.0	...	...
2 persons	88,310	...	...	32.6	...	...
3 persons	46,585	...	...	17.2	...	...
4 persons	40,365	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	22,590	...	...	8.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	677,435	333,770	343,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	585,720	285,795	299,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	339,805	169,330	170,480	58.0	59.2	56.8
Married	291,425	144,985	146,440	49.8	50.7	48.8
Living common-law	48,385	24,345	24,040	8.3	8.5	8.0
Living common law - Never married	36,970	18,705	18,265	6.3	6.5	6.1
Living common law - Separated	1,850	980	870	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	8,795	4,345	4,445	1.5	1.5	1.5
Living common law - Widowed	770	315	455	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	245,915	116,465	129,450	42.0	40.8	43.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	170,245	92,540	77,710	29.1	32.4	25.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	14,515	5,845	8,665	2.5	2.0	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35,020	12,905	22,115	6.0	4.5	7.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	26,130	5,175	20,955	4.5	1.8	7.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	193,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	94,750	...	...	49.0	...	...
3 persons	46,880	...	...	24.2	...	...
4 persons	40,455	...	...	20.9	...	...
5 or more persons	11,350	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	193,435	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	164,150	...	...	84.9	...	...
Married couples	139,960	...	...	72.4	...	...
With children⁶	81,475	...	...	42.1	...	...
Without children	58,480	...	...	30.2	...	...
Common-law couples	24,190	...	...	12.5	...	...
With children⁶	7,000	...	...	3.6	...	...
Without children	17,190	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	29,285	...	...	15.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	23,290	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5,995	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	677,435	333,770	343,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	551,465	273,275	278,190	81.4	81.9	80.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	328,300	164,225	164,075	48.5	49.2	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	29,285	5,995	23,290	4.3	1.8	6.8
Children⁶	193,885	103,060	90,825	28.6	30.9	26.4
In a two-parent family	151,860	80,240	71,620	22.4	24.0	20.8
In a one-parent family	42,025	22,820	19,205	6.2	6.8	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	125,965	60,490	65,475	18.6	18.1	19.1
Living alone	73,000	34,065	38,935	10.8	10.2	11.3
Living with other relatives⁷	19,900	7,650	12,250	2.9	2.3	3.6
Living with non-relatives only	33,070	18,775	14,290	4.9	5.6	4.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	270,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	159,720	...	...	59.0	...	...
Couple-family households	137,510	...	...	50.8	...	...
With children⁶	74,400	...	...	27.5	...	...
Without children	63,110	...	...	23.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	22,210	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10,825	...	...	4.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	2,995	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10,665	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	13,635	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	73,005	...	...	27.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	577,905	282,370	295,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	559,005	273,390	285,610	96.7	96.8	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	36,800	41,600	48,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	559,265	273,530	285,740	96.8	96.9	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,200	34,000	38,000	43,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	502,775	249,695	253,080	87.0	88.4	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	46,400	30,200	37,600	46,400	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	408,845	209,090	199,755	70.7	74.0	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	35,200	42,400	50,800	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	456,420	208,470	247,950	79.0	73.8	83.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	7,150	9,000	8,300	7,150	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,595	21,080	27,510	8.4	7.5	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,440	5,640	5,480	5,440	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	156,270	74,970	81,305	27.0	26.6	27.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	577,855	282,535	295,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	558,605	273,140	285,465	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,050	62,950	45,520	54,050	62,950	45,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	558,875	273,280	285,595	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,480	51,650	39,560	45,480	51,650	39,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	502,310	249,645	252,665	86.9	88.4	85.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,880	60,950	40,960	50,880	60,950	40,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	408,740	209,320	199,420	70.7	74.1	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,800	62,200	42,920	52,800	62,200	42,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	455,700	207,920	247,780	78.9	73.6	83.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,150	9,510	10,690	10,150	9,510	10,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,225	20,980	27,250	8.3	7.4	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,530	5,730	7,140	6,530	5,730	7,140
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,475	74,895	81,575	27.1	26.5	27.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,390	9,240	9,520	9,390	9,240	9,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	577,855	282,535	295,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	199,465	113,525	85,940	34.5	40.2	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,500	75,000	60,000	67,500	75,000	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,100	87,800	67,700	79,100	87,800	67,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	159,465	72,640	86,825	27.6	25.7	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,400	17,200	18,800	21,400	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	34,600	25,800	29,800	34,600	25,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	88.4	79.6	84.6	88.4	79.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.6	75.8	65.8	71.6	75.8	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.3	11.5	20.4	15.3	11.5	20.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	4.8	7.5	5.9	4.8	7.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.0	6.0	4.9	4.0	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	577,905	282,375	295,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	18,905	8,980	9,925	3.3	3.2	3.4
With total income	559,000	273,395	285,610	96.7	96.8	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	59,960	25,865	34,095	10.7	9.5	11.9
$10,000 to $19,999	62,420	26,710	35,710	11.2	9.8	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	81,275	34,230	47,045	14.5	12.5	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	65,525	28,195	37,330	11.7	10.3	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	57,690	25,870	31,825	10.3	9.5	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	49,430	22,995	26,435	8.8	8.4	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	40,190	20,530	19,660	7.2	7.5	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	31,490	17,455	14,035	5.6	6.4	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	25,375	14,785	10,585	4.5	5.4	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	20,405	12,065	8,335	3.6	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	65,255	44,695	20,560	11.7	16.3	7.2
$100,000 to $149,999	44,570	29,080	15,495	8.0	10.6	5.4
$150,000 and over	20,685	15,615	5,065	3.7	5.7	1.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	577,905	282,375	295,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	18,640	8,840	9,795	3.2	3.1	3.3
With after-tax income	559,270	273,525	285,735	96.8	96.9	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	61,725	26,535	35,190	11.0	9.7	12.3
$10,000 to $19,999	64,450	27,620	36,835	11.5	10.1	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	91,440	38,765	52,675	16.3	14.2	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	75,985	33,415	42,565	13.6	12.2	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	67,475	30,925	36,550	12.1	11.3	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	54,605	27,345	27,255	9.8	10.0	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	40,415	22,515	17,895	7.2	8.2	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	30,545	17,860	12,680	5.5	6.5	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	22,405	13,480	8,930	4.0	4.9	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	14,775	9,480	5,300	2.6	3.5	1.9
$100,000 and over	35,455	25,590	9,860	6.3	9.4	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	19,000	13,190	5,810	3.4	4.8	2.0
$125,000 and over	16,450	12,400	4,050	2.9	4.5	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	577,905	282,375	295,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	169,065	73,280	95,785	29.3	26.0	32.4
With employment income	408,845	209,090	199,750	70.7	74.0	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	51,055	22,900	28,150	12.5	11.0	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	32,790	13,930	18,855	8.0	6.7	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	44,455	19,590	24,865	10.9	9.4	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	33,885	15,245	18,640	8.3	7.3	9.3
$30,000 to $39,999	33,985	15,415	18,570	8.3	7.4	9.3
$40,000 to $49,999	35,045	16,245	18,800	8.6	7.8	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	34,775	16,695	18,075	8.5	8.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	29,350	15,765	13,590	7.2	7.5	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	24,005	13,800	10,200	5.9	6.6	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	20,135	12,025	8,110	4.9	5.8	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	16,935	10,180	6,755	4.1	4.9	3.4
$100,000 and over	52,435	37,290	15,145	12.8	17.8	7.6
$100,000 to $124,999	24,830	16,325	8,505	6.1	7.8	4.3
$125,000 and over	27,605	20,965	6,640	6.8	10.0	3.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	577,905	282,370	295,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	540,680	263,705	276,970	93.6	93.4	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,200	33,600	39,600	47,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	541,810	263,955	277,850	93.8	93.5	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,600	30,800	35,600	41,600	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	495,860	245,805	250,055	85.8	87.1	84.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	47,200	31,800	38,800	47,200	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	416,545	211,625	204,925	72.1	74.9	69.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	49,600	34,800	41,600	49,600	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	356,420	150,970	205,445	61.7	53.5	69.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,180	1,700	4,400	3,180	1,700	4,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30,030	12,515	17,515	5.2	4.4	5.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,560	6,320	5,480	4,560	6,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	577,855	282,535	295,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	539,900	263,420	276,485	93.4	93.2	93.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,250	60,550	42,440	51,250	60,550	42,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	541,045	263,630	277,410	93.6	93.3	93.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	49,440	36,440	42,760	49,440	36,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	495,380	245,745	249,635	85.7	87.0	84.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,720	60,750	40,880	50,720	60,750	40,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	416,485	211,840	204,640	72.1	75.0	69.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,300	60,650	41,600	51,300	60,650	41,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	354,735	150,110	204,620	61.4	53.1	69.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,190	6,800	7,470	7,190	6,800	7,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,820	12,495	17,330	5.2	4.4	5.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,440	5,900	8,540	7,440	5,900	8,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	577,855	282,535	295,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	197,690	112,370	85,320	34.2	39.8	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,800	70,500	55,600	62,800	70,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700	82,500	62,050	73,700	82,500	62,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	149,505	67,985	81,515	25.9	24.1	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	29,800	23,400	26,000	29,800	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,720	41,480	30,960	35,720	41,480	30,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8	93.6	87.0	90.8	93.6	87.0
Employment income (%)	77.2	80.6	72.6	77.2	80.6	72.6
Government transfers (%)	9.2	6.4	13.0	9.2	6.4	13.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.3	0.8	0.5	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	270,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	73,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	197,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	270,805	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,900	...	...	93,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	72,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,150	...	...	55,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,720	...	...	46,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	197,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	270,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	5,110	...	...	1.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,025	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,525	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	4,990	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,595	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	7,435	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	7,765	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,980	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	8,705	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	8,835	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	17,890	...	...	6.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	17,495	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	16,770	...	...	6.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	16,070	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	14,625	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	122,030	...	...	45.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	32,215	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25,020	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	32,810	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	31,980	...	...	11.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	270,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	5,550	...	...	2.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,055	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	2,605	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,180	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10,080	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	8,430	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	8,880	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10,390	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10,325	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10,550	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	21,140	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20,285	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	19,265	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	17,870	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	16,420	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	101,810	...	...	37.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	33,955	...	...	12.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	24,340	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	43,515	...	...	16.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	188,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	66,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	88,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	26,605	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	106,070	52,845	53,225	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	44,000	38,800	40,800	44,000	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	39,600	35,600	37,600	39,600	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	188,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	110,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,700	...	...	112,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,700	...	...	94,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	88,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,800	...	...	160,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,400	...	...	133,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,900	...	...	85,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,800	...	...	75,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	105,805	52,650	53,155	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,840	52,950	46,800	49,840	52,950	46,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,680	44,600	40,760	42,680	44,600	40,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	677,435	333,770	343,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	120,050	61,935	58,110	17.7	18.6	16.9
0 to 5 years	37,915	19,440	18,475	5.6	5.8	5.4
18 to 64 years	448,560	221,265	227,295	66.2	66.3	66.1
65 years and over	108,825	50,565	58,260	16.1	15.1	17.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	72,370	33,860	38,515	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	13,075	6,870	6,210	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	3,910	1,980	1,930	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	43,100	20,455	22,645	...	...	...
65 years and over	16,200	6,540	9,660	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.7	10.1	11.2	10.7	10.1	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	11.1	10.7	10.9	11.1	10.7
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.2	10.4	10.3	10.2	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.2	10.0	9.6	9.2	10.0
65 years and over (%)	14.9	12.9	16.6	14.9	12.9	16.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	677,130	333,610	343,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	119,990	61,900	58,085	17.7	18.6	16.9
0 to 5 years	37,890	19,430	18,465	5.6	5.8	5.4
18 to 64 years	448,355	221,155	227,200	66.2	66.3	66.1
65 years and over	108,790	50,550	58,240	16.1	15.2	17.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	49,105	24,275	24,830	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	7,915	4,155	3,760	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,155	1,090	1,065	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	34,545	17,325	17,215	...	...	...
65 years and over	6,650	2,790	3,860	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.3	7.3	7.2	7.3	7.3	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.6	6.7	6.5	6.6	6.7	6.5
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.6	5.8
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.8	7.6	7.7	7.8	7.6
65 years and over (%)	6.1	5.5	6.6	6.1	5.5	6.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	677,435	333,770	343,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	295,320	141,525	153,790	43.6	42.4	44.7
In bottom decile	69,925	33,615	36,310	10.3	10.1	10.6
In second decile	54,980	25,530	29,455	8.1	7.6	8.6
In third decile	54,260	25,885	28,375	8.0	7.8	8.3
In fourth decile	56,065	27,020	29,045	8.3	8.1	8.5
In fifth decile	60,090	29,485	30,610	8.9	8.8	8.9
In top half of the distribution	382,115	192,240	189,875	56.4	57.6	55.3
In sixth decile	64,145	31,750	32,390	9.5	9.5	9.4
In seventh decile	69,670	34,765	34,905	10.3	10.4	10.2
In eighth decile	77,270	38,800	38,465	11.4	11.6	11.2
In ninth decile	86,365	43,610	42,755	12.7	13.1	12.4
In top decile	84,660	43,305	41,355	12.5	13.0	12.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	677,435	...	...	677,435	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.330	...	...	0.330	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	679,645	334,640	345,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	610,065	304,600	305,460	89.8	91.0	88.5
French only	270	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	40,010	17,955	22,055	5.9	5.4	6.4
Neither English nor French	29,300	11,965	17,335	4.3	3.6	5.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	679,645	334,640	345,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	641,065	318,160	322,905	94.3	95.1	93.6
French	5,865	2,935	2,930	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	3,925	1,815	2,115	0.6	0.5	0.6
Neither English nor French	28,785	11,725	17,060	4.2	3.5	4.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	679,645	334,640	345,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	644,910	318,015	326,895	94.9	95.0	94.8
Official languages	364,705	187,060	177,650	53.7	55.9	51.5
English	359,100	184,240	174,860	52.8	55.1	50.7
French	5,605	2,815	2,790	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	280,205	130,960	149,245	41.2	39.1	43.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	280,120	130,920	149,195	41.2	39.1	43.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	7,650	4,065	3,585	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	245	135	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	130	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	7,370	3,915	3,455	1.1	1.2	1.0
Amharic	550	270	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	5,165	2,715	2,455	0.8	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	260	165	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,280	715	570	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5,410	2,375	3,035	0.8	0.7	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	225	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5,185	2,285	2,905	0.8	0.7	0.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20,685	8,460	12,230	3.0	2.5	3.5
Bikol	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	220	85	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	640	260	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	385	155	235	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	990	380	610	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	1,475	655	820	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	180	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	16,185	6,565	9,610	2.4	2.0	2.8
Waray-Waray	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	205	90	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	165	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,440	1,340	1,105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	145	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	560	300	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	1,005	530	480	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	715	425	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	105,275	51,700	53,580	15.5	15.4	15.5
Albanian	445	230	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	380	195	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	22,450	10,795	11,650	3.3	3.2	3.4
Baltic languages	170	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	22,280	10,710	11,570	3.3	3.2	3.4
Belarusian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	805	400	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	865	410	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	3,780	1,765	2,010	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	8,360	3,955	4,400	1.2	1.2	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	6,295	3,155	3,140	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bosnian	615	305	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	2,470	1,190	1,280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	3,090	1,600	1,495	0.5	0.5	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	715	325	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,180	555	625	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	6,505	3,150	3,350	1.0	0.9	1.0
Frisian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,865	1,870	1,990	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	3,730	1,805	1,920	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	130	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,875	910	970	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	485	235	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,320	640	685	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	740	355	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	335	170	170	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	225	105	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	935	490	445	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	45,075	22,530	22,540	6.6	6.7	6.5
Indo-Aryan languages	23,560	11,560	11,995	3.5	3.5	3.5
Assamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,085	590	500	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	2,470	1,210	1,260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	4,760	2,345	2,410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kacchi	525	215	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	535	280	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	250	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	11,850	5,745	6,110	1.7	1.7	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	365	170	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,425	735	695	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	21,510	10,965	10,545	3.2	3.3	3.1
Baluchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	1,310	720	590	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	330	195	140	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	19,765	9,995	9,765	2.9	3.0	2.8
Dari	2,790	1,405	1,385	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	15,120	7,640	7,485	2.2	2.3	2.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,855	950	900	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	29,455	14,295	15,165	4.3	4.3	4.4
Catalan	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5,935	2,975	2,960	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	6,530	3,135	3,400	1.0	0.9	1.0
Romanian	3,750	1,835	1,910	0.6	0.5	0.6
Spanish	13,205	6,330	6,880	1.9	1.9	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	4,535	1,485	3,050	0.7	0.4	0.9
Korean	23,335	10,630	12,705	3.4	3.2	3.7
Mongolian	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	960	485	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	105	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	195	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	205	120	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	180	110	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	104,845	48,030	56,815	15.4	14.4	16.5
Chinese languages	104,460	47,855	56,605	15.4	14.3	16.4
Hakka	630	280	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	54,435	24,725	29,710	8.0	7.4	8.6
Min Dong	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,125	1,405	1,720	0.5	0.4	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	885	405	480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	44,775	20,770	24,000	6.6	6.2	7.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	540	240	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	370	170	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	180	80	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	680	215	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	565	165	400	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,470	820	655	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	205	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	1,035	610	425	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	2,095	935	1,160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	465	175	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	1,550	725	825	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	34,735	16,615	18,110	5.1	5.0	5.2
English and French	1,975	955	1,020	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	28,105	13,580	14,520	4.1	4.1	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	475	220	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	590	260	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	3,585	1,600	1,985	0.5	0.5	0.6
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	679,645	334,640	345,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	387,730	197,040	190,690	57.0	58.9	55.3
French	1,075	520	555	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	94,580	43,680	50,900	13.9	13.1	14.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	94,570	43,670	50,895	13.9	13.0	14.8
English and French	4,755	2,270	2,485	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	178,890	85,415	93,475	26.3	25.5	27.1
French and non-official language(s)	220	100	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	4,020	1,810	2,210	0.6	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	8,365	3,800	4,570	1.2	1.1	1.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	679,645	334,640	345,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	640,520	315,930	324,585	94.2	94.4	94.1
Official languages	464,915	233,365	231,550	68.4	69.7	67.1
English	463,190	232,520	230,665	68.2	69.5	66.9
French	1,730	840	885	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	175,600	82,570	93,035	25.8	24.7	27.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	175,590	82,560	93,030	25.8	24.7	27.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,775	2,445	2,325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	4,650	2,390	2,265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	315	150	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,130	1,555	1,575	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	115	70	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,045	590	455	0.2	0.2	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,055	1,375	1,680	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	2,970	1,340	1,625	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10,385	4,630	5,755	1.5	1.4	1.7
Bikol	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	330	145	185	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	195	85	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	485	200	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	555	275	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	25	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	8,430	3,745	4,685	1.2	1.1	1.4
Waray-Waray	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,445	750	700	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	55	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	300	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	655	330	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	425	230	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	56,155	27,435	28,725	8.3	8.2	8.3
Albanian	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	230	115	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	11,910	5,820	6,085	1.8	1.7	1.8
Baltic languages	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	11,855	5,795	6,060	1.7	1.7	1.8
Belarusian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	385	190	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	255	125	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,585	755	835	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	5,810	2,850	2,960	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	3,060	1,510	1,545	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bosnian	315	150	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	885	415	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	1,825	930	895	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	245	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	440	210	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	735	345	395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	355	160	195	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	355	165	190	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	305	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	210	100	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	295	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	28,455	13,965	14,490	4.2	4.2	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	13,185	6,405	6,780	1.9	1.9	2.0
Assamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	625	320	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	1,205	570	635	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	2,420	1,210	1,210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	225	90	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	275	140	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	7,140	3,430	3,705	1.1	1.0	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	150	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	850	445	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15,275	7,560	7,710	2.2	2.3	2.2
Baluchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	875	460	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	240	120	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	14,090	6,950	7,145	2.1	2.1	2.1
Dari	1,725	865	860	0.3	0.3	0.2
Iranian Persian	11,095	5,455	5,630	1.6	1.6	1.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,270	625	650	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	14,385	6,965	7,420	2.1	2.1	2.2
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,330	585	745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	4,055	2,005	2,055	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	1,775	850	925	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	7,210	3,515	3,690	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	2,145	875	1,275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	18,585	8,590	9,990	2.7	2.6	2.9
Mongolian	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	255	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	310	180	130	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	270	160	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	76,640	35,260	41,380	11.3	10.5	12.0
Chinese languages	76,405	35,145	41,260	11.2	10.5	12.0
Hakka	185	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	43,505	20,070	23,430	6.4	6.0	6.8
Min Dong	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,670	760	910	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	575	265	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	30,185	13,845	16,340	4.4	4.1	4.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	255	110	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	230	110	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	215	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	195	85	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	770	395	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	565	300	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	595	275	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	505	240	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	39,125	18,700	20,420	5.8	5.6	5.9
English and French	855	400	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	36,445	17,455	18,990	5.4	5.2	5.5
French and non-official language(s)	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	140	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,445	665	775	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	679,645	334,640	345,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	515,830	256,765	259,065	75.9	76.7	75.1
English	64,925	31,375	33,550	9.6	9.4	9.7
French	4,300	2,005	2,295	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	74,610	35,095	39,510	11.0	10.5	11.5
Indigenous³⁹	90	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	74,515	35,060	39,450	11.0	10.5	11.4
English and French	595	285	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,990	4,305	4,685	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	2,080	915	1,165	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	8,190	3,825	4,365	1.2	1.1	1.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	677,335	333,685	343,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	647,785	321,570	326,220	95.6	96.4	94.9
English	647,565	321,480	326,080	95.6	96.3	94.9
French	40,435	18,110	22,330	6.0	5.4	6.5
Non-official languages	348,480	164,310	184,170	51.4	49.2	53.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	315	170	145	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	75	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	75	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	348,230	164,185	184,045	51.4	49.2	53.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	11,480	6,200	5,285	1.7	1.9	1.5
Berber languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	315	165	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	105	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	180	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	11,215	6,060	5,160	1.7	1.8	1.5
Amharic	1,060	560	500	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arabic	8,080	4,325	3,755	1.2	1.3	1.1
Aramaic languages	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	1,080	610	465	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	1,700	985	715	0.3	0.3	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,705	2,960	3,745	1.0	0.9	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	235	85	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	6,485	2,885	3,605	1.0	0.9	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	29,305	12,065	17,240	4.3	3.6	5.0
Bikol	205	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	950	420	530	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	125	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	630	260	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	1,845	700	1,145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	2,225	1,050	1,180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kankanaey	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	895	405	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	85	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	255	90	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25,510	10,295	15,215	3.8	3.1	4.4
Waray-Waray	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	630	310	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	505	265	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	185	95	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	100	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	4,175	2,225	1,945	0.6	0.7	0.6
Kannada	450	240	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	895	480	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	2,070	1,070	1,000	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	1,365	780	585	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	90	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	142,860	70,405	72,455	21.1	21.1	21.1
Albanian	550	290	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	470	250	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	27,530	13,565	13,960	4.1	4.1	4.1
Baltic languages	240	135	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	140	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	27,395	13,475	13,915	4.0	4.0	4.0
Belarusian	135	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	835	410	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	1,290	635	655	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	180	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	4,785	2,265	2,515	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian	11,760	5,730	6,030	1.7	1.7	1.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	8,130	4,190	3,935	1.2	1.3	1.1
Bosnian	1,155	585	570	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	3,925	1,965	1,965	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbian	4,385	2,310	2,080	0.6	0.7	0.6
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	165	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	795	365	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	205	105	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	2,660	1,225	1,435	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	235	160	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	135	95	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	11,510	5,590	5,920	1.7	1.7	1.7
Frisian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	7,560	3,735	3,830	1.1	1.1	1.1
German	7,470	3,680	3,790	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,060	1,440	1,620	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	1,225	610	615	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	1,790	805	985	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	1,245	600	645	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	500	230	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	290	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	460	225	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,495	785	710	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	61,930	30,970	30,960	9.1	9.3	9.0
Indo-Aryan languages	37,365	18,550	18,815	5.5	5.6	5.5
Assamese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,305	665	640	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	4,650	2,210	2,440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hindi	17,085	8,565	8,525	2.5	2.6	2.5
Kacchi	1,225	555	670	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	1,105	545	560	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepali	395	170	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,250	9,165	9,085	2.7	2.7	2.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	170	105	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	620	285	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	3,540	1,875	1,670	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	275	145	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25,370	12,865	12,505	3.7	3.9	3.6
Baluchi	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	1,770	965	800	0.3	0.3	0.2
Parsi	95	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	800	495	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	23,695	12,020	11,680	3.5	3.6	3.4
Dari	3,825	1,885	1,940	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	18,195	9,210	8,980	2.7	2.8	2.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	2,060	1,140	925	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	43,815	21,130	22,685	6.5	6.3	6.6
Catalan	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	9,490	4,465	5,020	1.4	1.3	1.5
Portuguese	8,015	3,950	4,065	1.2	1.2	1.2
Romanian	4,800	2,405	2,390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	24,150	11,630	12,525	3.6	3.5	3.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	8,945	3,820	5,125	1.3	1.1	1.5
Korean	26,930	12,225	14,710	4.0	3.7	4.3
Mongolian	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	2,805	1,400	1,410	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	210	125	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	125	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	200	120	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	125	40	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	120	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	140	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	1,220	605	615	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	255	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	505	225	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	160	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	110	70	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	1,290	580	710	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	1,200	535	665	0.2	0.2	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	122,390	56,720	65,670	18.1	17.0	19.1
Chinese languages	121,830	56,455	65,380	18.0	16.9	19.0
Hakka	1,145	510	640	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mandarin	80,865	36,975	43,890	11.9	11.1	12.8
Min Dong	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	6,685	2,930	3,750	1.0	0.9	1.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,260	500	755	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	57,480	26,655	30,825	8.5	8.0	9.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	430	215	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	585	280	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	250	120	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	245	120	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	930	385	545	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	810	320	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	2,975	1,565	1,410	0.4	0.5	0.4
Azerbaijani	565	295	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	2,405	1,280	1,125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Uyghur	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	95	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	2,465	1,085	1,385	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	640	260	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	1,785	805	980	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	677,330	333,685	343,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	17,705	8,585	9,120	2.6	2.6	2.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	16,985	8,255	8,725	2.5	2.5	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,390	4,425	4,970	1.4	1.3	1.4
Métis	7,445	3,775	3,670	1.1	1.1	1.1
Inuk (Inuit)	145	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	445	185	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	659,625	325,100	334,525	97.4	97.4	97.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	677,330	333,685	343,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,900	2,745	3,155	0.9	0.8	0.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	671,430	330,940	340,490	99.1	99.2	99.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	180,315	...	...	66.6	...	...
Renter	90,435	...	...	33.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	60	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	96,435	...	...	35.6	...	...
Not condominium	174,370	...	...	64.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	3,650	...	...	1.3	...	...
1 bedroom	52,760	...	...	19.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	81,935	...	...	30.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	61,090	...	...	22.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	71,360	...	...	26.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	123,810	...	...	45.7	...	...
5 rooms	35,845	...	...	13.2	...	...
6 rooms	27,310	...	...	10.1	...	...
7 rooms	22,825	...	...	8.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	61,020	...	...	22.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	260,550	...	...	96.2	...	...
More than one person per room	10,255	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	250,095	...	...	92.4	...	...
Not suitable	20,715	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	26,260	...	...	9.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	64,450	...	...	23.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	40,640	...	...	15.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	46,655	...	...	17.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	16,200	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	24,975	...	...	9.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	22,000	...	...	8.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	29,625	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	256,080	...	...	94.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	14,725	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	129,275	...	...	47.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	121,810	...	...	45.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	19,720	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	6,925	...	...	2.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	40,335	...	...	14.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	50,700	...	...	18.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	52,290	...	...	19.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	55,085	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	38,795	...	...	14.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	19,150	...	...	7.1	...	...
85 years and over	7,530	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	269,470	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	194,545	...	...	72.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	74,920	...	...	27.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	63,080	...	...	23.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	270,805	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	99,840	...	...	36.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	65,970	...	...	24.4	...	...
Not suitable only	14,515	...	...	5.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	9,215	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,630	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	3,940	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,190	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	385	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	170,965	...	...	63.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	257,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	42,885	...	...	16.6	...	...
Not in core need	214,740	...	...	83.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	180,095	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.3	...	...	61.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.9	...	...	22.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...	1,840	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000	...	...	950,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,070,000	...	...	1,070,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	90,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.8	...	...	10.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.7	...	...	37.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.7	...	...	28.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	1,450	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,526	...	...	1,526	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	60	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	328	...	...	328	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	380	...	...	380	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	677,335	333,685	343,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,730	2,265	2,470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,580	2,205	2,375	0.7	0.7	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,490	1,720	1,775	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis single ancestry	1,065	485	575	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	150	55	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	110	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	14,980	7,375	7,605	2.2	2.2	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	14,435	7,130	7,305	2.1	2.1	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	9,245	4,550	4,690	1.4	1.4	1.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,070	2,515	2,550	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	545	245	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	510	225	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	657,625	324,050	333,575	97.1	97.1	97.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	677,330	333,685	343,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	576,035	285,440	290,590	85.0	85.5	84.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	108,700	56,080	52,620	16.0	16.8	15.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	467,340	229,370	237,970	69.0	68.7	69.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	101,295	48,245	53,055	15.0	14.5	15.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	677,330	333,685	343,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	369,085	188,520	180,565	54.5	56.5	52.5
Immigrants⁸¹	278,350	130,090	148,255	41.1	39.0	43.1
Before 1980	39,595	18,700	20,890	5.8	5.6	6.1
1980 to 1990	29,930	14,140	15,790	4.4	4.2	4.6
1991 to 2000	67,885	31,685	36,210	10.0	9.5	10.5
2001 to 2010	68,600	31,675	36,925	10.1	9.5	10.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	72,335	33,890	38,445	10.7	10.2	11.2
2011 to 2015	33,810	15,570	18,235	5.0	4.7	5.3
2016 to 2021	38,525	18,320	20,205	5.7	5.5	5.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	29,900	15,075	14,825	4.4	4.5	4.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	278,350	130,090	148,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	21,805	11,345	10,460	7.8	8.7	7.1
5 to 14 years	45,745	23,880	21,865	16.4	18.4	14.7
15 to 24 years	47,020	21,820	25,190	16.9	16.8	17.0
25 to 44 years	131,890	58,275	73,615	47.4	44.8	49.7
45 years and over	31,890	14,765	17,125	11.5	11.3	11.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	278,350	130,090	148,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	20,155	9,615	10,545	7.2	7.4	7.1
Brazil	2,565	1,185	1,375	0.9	0.9	0.9
Colombia	1,270	585	690	0.5	0.4	0.5
El Salvador	1,315	650	665	0.5	0.5	0.4
Guyana	330	140	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	680	370	305	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	2,865	1,270	1,600	1.0	1.0	1.1
Peru	805	345	455	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	635	310	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	5,740	2,830	2,915	2.1	2.2	2.0
Other places of birth in Americas	3,895	1,890	2,000	1.4	1.5	1.3
Europe	48,980	24,150	24,830	17.6	18.6	16.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,825	915	910	0.7	0.7	0.6
Croatia	1,875	945	930	0.7	0.7	0.6
France	775	440	335	0.3	0.3	0.2
Germany	2,705	1,285	1,420	1.0	1.0	1.0
Greece	525	280	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	840	350	485	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	3,815	1,955	1,855	1.4	1.5	1.3
Netherlands	1,215	560	655	0.4	0.4	0.4
Poland	3,350	1,545	1,805	1.2	1.2	1.2
Portugal	1,535	795	740	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romania	3,845	1,875	1,965	1.4	1.4	1.3
Russian Federation	3,730	1,670	2,065	1.3	1.3	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	1,595	835	760	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ukraine	2,560	1,245	1,320	0.9	1.0	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	11,235	5,690	5,535	4.0	4.4	3.7
Other places of birth in Europe	7,550	3,765	3,790	2.7	2.9	2.6
Africa	12,485	6,265	6,210	4.5	4.8	4.2
Algeria	85	60	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	795	445	345	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	1,310	805	505	0.5	0.6	0.3
Ethiopia	790	400	395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	280	135	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	690	360	330	0.2	0.3	0.2
Somalia	125	40	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	2,360	1,155	1,205	0.8	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	5,830	2,765	3,065	2.1	2.1	2.1
Asia	192,300	87,925	104,370	69.1	67.6	70.4
Afghanistan	2,960	1,485	1,475	1.1	1.1	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	14,985	7,645	7,340	5.4	5.9	5.0
Iraq	1,875	965	905	0.7	0.7	0.6
Lebanon	560	295	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	1,355	670	680	0.5	0.5	0.5
Turkey	655	380	275	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	51,550	22,805	28,750	18.5	17.5	19.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	19,450	9,170	10,275	7.0	7.0	6.9
Korea, South⁹²	19,535	9,015	10,530	7.0	6.9	7.1
Taiwan	12,105	5,595	6,510	4.3	4.3	4.4
Philippines	25,635	10,480	15,155	9.2	8.1	10.2
Viet Nam	5,545	2,440	3,105	2.0	1.9	2.1
Bangladesh	570	275	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	16,320	8,115	8,210	5.9	6.2	5.5
Pakistan	1,955	1,020	935	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	990	465	520	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	16,250	7,100	9,150	5.8	5.5	6.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	4,435	2,130	2,295	1.6	1.6	1.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	38,525	18,315	20,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,410	2,175	2,235	11.4	11.9	11.1
Brazil	1,720	805	915	4.5	4.4	4.5
Colombia	190	80	115	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexico	645	315	330	1.7	1.7	1.6
United States of America	1,015	535	485	2.6	2.9	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	135	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Americas	620	330	290	1.6	1.8	1.4
Europe	4,205	2,190	2,015	10.9	12.0	10.0
France	125	80	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	115	45	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	235	150	85	0.6	0.8	0.4
Italy	155	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	600	260	335	1.6	1.4	1.7
Ukraine	690	350	335	1.8	1.9	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	655	375	280	1.7	2.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Europe	1,640	840	800	4.3	4.6	4.0
Africa	2,825	1,590	1,240	7.3	8.7	6.1
Algeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundi	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroon	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	175	110	65	0.5	0.6	0.3
Eritrea	990	625	365	2.6	3.4	1.8
Ethiopia	250	145	105	0.6	0.8	0.5
Morocco	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	315	185	130	0.8	1.0	0.6
Somalia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	360	170	185	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sudan⁹⁷	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisia	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	460	220	240	1.2	1.2	1.2
Asia	26,715	12,145	14,575	69.3	66.3	72.1
Afghanistan	640	365	280	1.7	2.0	1.4
Bangladesh	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
China⁹⁰	7,905	3,400	4,510	20.5	18.6	22.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	550	270	275	1.4	1.5	1.4
India	4,385	2,215	2,170	11.4	12.1	10.7
Iran⁸⁸	2,135	1,095	1,045	5.5	6.0	5.2
Iraq	370	190	185	1.0	1.0	0.9
Israel	135	80	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japan	395	90	305	1.0	0.5	1.5
Jordan	100	65	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	2,555	1,045	1,515	6.6	5.7	7.5
Lebanon	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepal	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pakistan	430	255	175	1.1	1.4	0.9
Philippines	3,220	1,360	1,855	8.4	7.4	9.2
Saudi Arabia	165	90	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sri Lanka	125	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	860	430	425	2.2	2.3	2.1
Turkey	170	125	45	0.4	0.7	0.2
United Arab Emirates	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Viet Nam	540	195	350	1.4	1.1	1.7
Other places of birth in Asia	1,775	710	1,065	4.6	3.9	5.3
Oceania and other⁹³	375	220	150	1.0	1.2	0.7
Australia	290	185	105	0.8	1.0	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	677,330	333,685	343,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	316,000	149,015	166,990	46.7	44.7	48.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	160,370	81,715	78,660	23.7	24.5	22.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	200,955	102,955	98,000	29.7	30.9	28.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	238,755	111,390	127,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	150,125	73,290	76,835	62.9	65.8	60.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	59,740	35,010	24,725	25.0	31.4	19.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	90,390	38,280	52,110	37.9	34.4	40.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	58,625	22,480	36,145	24.6	20.2	28.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	26,770	14,180	12,585	11.2	12.7	9.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,235	1,435	1,805	1.4	1.3	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	238,755	111,390	127,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	6,780	3,735	3,045	2.8	3.4	2.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	23,585	9,245	14,340	9.9	8.3	11.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10,230	5,165	5,070	4.3	4.6	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	16,595	7,470	9,125	7.0	6.7	7.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	755	305	445	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	180,815	85,465	95,345	75.7	76.7	74.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	677,335	333,690	343,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	346,180	165,470	180,710	51.1	49.6	52.6
South Asian	48,500	24,205	24,290	7.2	7.3	7.1
Chinese	138,380	65,600	72,775	20.4	19.7	21.2
Black	13,070	6,970	6,095	1.9	2.1	1.8
Filipino	33,990	14,710	19,280	5.0	4.4	5.6
Arab	6,115	3,240	2,880	0.9	1.0	0.8
Latin American	15,440	7,515	7,930	2.3	2.3	2.3
Southeast Asian	12,200	5,655	6,545	1.8	1.7	1.9
West Asian	24,015	12,200	11,820	3.5	3.7	3.4
Korean	27,850	12,890	14,960	4.1	3.9	4.4
Japanese	8,505	3,480	5,030	1.3	1.0	1.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,855	1,990	1,870	0.6	0.6	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	14,265	7,015	7,250	2.1	2.1	2.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	331,150	168,215	162,940	48.9	50.4	47.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	677,330	333,685	343,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	50,200	26,050	24,150	7.4	7.8	7.0
English	97,980	49,580	48,405	14.5	14.9	14.1
Irish	61,605	30,370	31,235	9.1	9.1	9.1
Scottish	76,190	37,795	38,400	11.2	11.3	11.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	29,160	14,535	14,625	4.3	4.4	4.3
German	47,300	23,770	23,525	7.0	7.1	6.8
Chinese	127,035	60,310	66,725	18.8	18.1	19.4
Italian	31,485	16,160	15,325	4.6	4.8	4.5
Indian (India)	30,910	15,210	15,695	4.6	4.6	4.6
Ukrainian	23,150	11,445	11,705	3.4	3.4	3.4
Dutch	15,970	8,095	7,870	2.4	2.4	2.3
Polish	16,750	8,160	8,590	2.5	2.4	2.5
Québécois	645	350	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	18,765	9,530	9,235	2.8	2.9	2.7
Filipino	33,630	14,755	18,875	5.0	4.4	5.5
French Canadian	4,660	2,255	2,410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	8,720	4,665	4,055	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,275	3,040	3,235	0.9	0.9	0.9
Métis	6,795	3,285	3,505	1.0	1.0	1.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	10,670	5,565	5,105	1.6	1.7	1.5
Russian	15,510	7,575	7,940	2.3	2.3	2.3
Norwegian	12,890	6,215	6,675	1.9	1.9	1.9
Welsh	9,770	4,825	4,950	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portuguese	7,715	3,780	3,930	1.1	1.1	1.1
American	6,645	3,420	3,220	1.0	1.0	0.9
Spanish	9,835	4,600	5,240	1.5	1.4	1.5
Swedish	9,345	4,390	4,950	1.4	1.3	1.4
Hungarian	6,320	3,005	3,320	0.9	0.9	1.0
Acadian	625	350	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	2,540	1,345	1,190	0.4	0.4	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	3,840	2,095	1,745	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	3,370	1,705	1,665	0.5	0.5	0.5
Punjabi	5,130	2,570	2,555	0.8	0.8	0.7
Vietnamese	9,220	4,345	4,880	1.4	1.3	1.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,710	1,415	1,295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	3,400	1,765	1,635	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	1,620	875	745	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	11,345	5,440	5,905	1.7	1.6	1.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,785	880	905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	27,195	12,555	14,635	4.0	3.8	4.3
Romanian	6,395	3,275	3,125	0.9	1.0	0.9
Lebanese	1,370	680	690	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	15,950	8,095	7,855	2.4	2.4	2.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,530	1,330	1,200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Danish	4,955	2,470	2,480	0.7	0.7	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,710	850	865	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	3,825	1,915	1,910	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austrian	4,685	2,350	2,335	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belgian	2,040	1,050	990	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	2,865	1,505	1,355	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mexican	5,325	2,535	2,790	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mennonite	1,225	630	595	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	2,170	1,165	1,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	4,270	2,050	2,220	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lankan	1,120	525	595	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	5,875	2,845	3,030	0.9	0.9	0.9
Japanese	10,970	4,680	6,290	1.6	1.4	1.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,800	1,335	1,470	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	320	160	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	3,020	1,510	1,510	0.4	0.5	0.4
Muslim	2,010	1,015	990	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	1,190	625	565	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	2,590	1,285	1,300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	665	345	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	2,680	1,295	1,380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombian	1,650	845	810	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	295	170	125	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	2,785	1,400	1,380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	1,325	675	650	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	365	190	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	4,300	2,150	2,155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,055	540	515	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	4,220	2,300	1,920	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ojibway	490	270	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	335	195	145	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	7,920	3,925	4,005	1.2	1.2	1.2
Ontarian	300	155	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	5,800	3,010	2,790	0.9	0.9	0.8
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	765	440	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	1,715	980	735	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	210	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	780	385	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	155	90	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	3,300	1,660	1,645	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigerian	770	400	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	985	540	455	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovak	1,680	800	880	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,605	720	890	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	275	140	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	11,305	5,285	6,015	1.7	1.6	1.8
Iraqi	1,135	580	550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	1,600	750	855	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	315	145	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	2,375	1,110	1,265	0.4	0.3	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	1,365	705	660	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	505	260	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	145	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	345	185	165	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	715	350	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	1,765	860	905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	1,960	1,060	900	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	580	285	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	1,100	555	545	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	300	140	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	230	110	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	800	400	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,160	550	610	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peruvian	805	380	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	265	130	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	455	190	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	100	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	615	325	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	385	175	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	250	130	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	730	350	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	850	450	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	625	280	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	855	470	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	285	120	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	545	315	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	320	160	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	725	365	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	1,035	525	510	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	365	200	160	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	255	165	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	340	160	180	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	595	325	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	820	415	410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	105	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,130	550	580	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	370	175	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	1,360	725	640	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	455	220	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	480	275	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	75	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	605	365	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	2,140	970	1,170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Laotian	365	155	210	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	755	310	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	595	310	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	535	255	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	2,450	1,255	1,195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ecuadorian	135	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	455	240	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	540	295	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	1,525	845	680	0.2	0.3	0.2
Fijian	2,365	1,130	1,240	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jatt	355	195	165	0.1	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	295	165	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	110	75	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	875	325	550	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	175	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	370	155	215	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	110	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	140	100	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	670	355	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	205	85	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	440	195	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	800	410	395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	190	115	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	1,560	775	785	0.2	0.2	0.2
Plains Cree	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	115	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	290	135	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	480	225	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	85	60	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	600	270	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	125	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	145	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	645	395	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	450	175	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	200	85	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	510	265	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	155	55	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	240	130	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	120	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	165	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	195	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	395	225	165	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	240	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	245	115	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	160	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	400	210	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	335	150	180	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malay	590	275	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	235	120	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	310	170	150	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	430	200	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	375	165	210	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oromo	140	85	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	360	190	165	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	180	105	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	155	115	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	130	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	185	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	250	135	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	200	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	195	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	780	345	435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karen	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	305	145	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	677,330	333,685	343,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	15,645	6,485	9,160	2.3	1.9	2.7
Christian	249,435	114,920	134,515	36.8	34.4	39.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	64,050	29,340	34,715	9.5	8.8	10.1
Anabaptist	1,780	855	925	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	11,125	4,910	6,210	1.6	1.5	1.8
Baptist	7,145	3,140	4,010	1.1	0.9	1.2
Catholic	106,920	50,150	56,765	15.8	15.0	16.5
Christian Orthodox	14,735	7,360	7,380	2.2	2.2	2.1
Jehovah's Witness	2,885	1,250	1,640	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	940	455	485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	5,085	2,170	2,915	0.8	0.7	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,305	590	715	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	5,245	2,455	2,785	0.8	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	4,470	1,950	2,515	0.7	0.6	0.7
Reformed	615	310	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	11,555	4,605	6,950	1.7	1.4	2.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	11,590	5,380	6,215	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hindu	13,480	6,910	6,575	2.0	2.1	1.9
Jewish	1,975	1,040	935	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	32,215	16,190	16,025	4.8	4.9	4.7
Sikh	16,530	8,040	8,490	2.4	2.4	2.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	415	190	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	7,195	3,115	4,080	1.1	0.9	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	340,440	176,795	163,640	50.3	53.0	47.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	671,565	330,715	340,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	578,725	284,525	294,195	86.2	86.0	86.3
Movers	92,845	46,185	46,655	13.8	14.0	13.7
Non-migrants	42,685	21,150	21,535	6.4	6.4	6.3
Migrants	50,160	25,035	25,120	7.5	7.6	7.4
Internal migrants	39,770	19,955	19,820	5.9	6.0	5.8
Intraprovincial migrants	33,990	16,850	17,140	5.1	5.1	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	5,780	3,110	2,675	0.9	0.9	0.8
External migrants	10,380	5,080	5,305	1.5	1.5	1.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	646,225	317,710	328,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	374,250	182,545	191,700	57.9	57.5	58.4
Movers	271,980	135,160	136,820	42.1	42.5	41.6
Non-migrants	81,475	40,550	40,925	12.6	12.8	12.5
Migrants	190,505	94,610	95,895	29.5	29.8	29.2
Internal migrants	140,315	70,165	70,155	21.7	22.1	21.4
Intraprovincial migrants	121,810	60,465	61,350	18.8	19.0	18.7
Interprovincial migrants	18,505	9,700	8,800	2.9	3.1	2.7
External migrants	50,190	24,445	25,745	7.8	7.7	7.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	577,855	282,540	295,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	72,195	37,555	34,645	12.5	13.3	11.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	505,655	244,985	260,670	87.5	86.7	88.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	392,515	192,195	200,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,660	15,850	11,810	7.0	8.2	5.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	364,855	176,350	188,500	93.0	91.8	94.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	577,850	282,540	295,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	64,285	32,625	31,655	11.1	11.5	10.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	161,115	79,280	81,835	27.9	28.1	27.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	352,455	170,630	181,820	61.0	60.4	61.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	159,325	80,145	79,175	27.6	28.4	26.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	38,440	28,355	10,090	6.7	10.0	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,455	9,510	6,945	2.8	3.4	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	21,985	18,840	3,145	3.8	6.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	98,065	41,930	56,140	17.0	14.8	19.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,815	9,870	12,945	3.9	3.5	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	193,130	90,480	102,650	33.4	32.0	34.8
Bachelor's degree	129,500	59,675	69,825	22.4	21.1	23.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	13,785	5,805	7,980	2.4	2.1	2.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,090	1,975	2,115	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	39,680	19,275	20,410	6.9	6.8	6.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	6,070	3,750	2,315	1.1	1.3	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	392,520	192,200	200,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,910	13,025	9,885	5.8	6.8	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	89,230	46,125	43,105	22.7	24.0	21.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	280,380	133,050	147,325	71.4	69.2	73.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	118,590	59,040	59,550	30.2	30.7	29.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	26,965	20,130	6,835	6.9	10.5	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,220	6,560	4,660	2.9	3.4	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15,750	13,570	2,175	4.0	7.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	74,450	31,575	42,880	19.0	16.4	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,175	7,335	9,840	4.4	3.8	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	161,790	74,010	87,775	41.2	38.5	43.8
Bachelor's degree	107,525	48,615	58,910	27.4	25.3	29.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	11,365	4,665	6,705	2.9	2.4	3.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	3,355	1,475	1,880	0.9	0.8	0.9
Master's degree	34,665	16,395	18,275	8.8	8.5	9.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	4,875	2,865	2,015	1.2	1.5	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	577,850	282,540	295,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	225,400	111,905	113,490	39.0	39.6	38.4
Education	19,860	4,410	15,450	3.4	1.6	5.2
13. Education	19,860	4,410	15,450	3.4	1.6	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	17,425	7,940	9,480	3.0	2.8	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,560	1,785	770	0.4	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	14,865	6,150	8,710	2.6	2.2	2.9
Humanities	19,655	6,920	12,730	3.4	2.4	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,285	710	2,575	0.6	0.3	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	5,215	1,425	3,790	0.9	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	6,000	2,140	3,860	1.0	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	295	125	170	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	885	550	335	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,420	880	540	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	2,000	1,020	985	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	550	70	480	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	44,660	15,760	28,900	7.7	5.6	9.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	520	120	400	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,635	2,115	3,515	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,735	585	5,150	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	6,335	1,820	4,515	1.1	0.6	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	940	355	575	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	7,800	2,095	5,705	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	17,700	8,665	9,040	3.1	3.1	3.1
Business, management and public administration	78,590	33,160	45,425	13.6	11.7	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,905	750	2,150	0.5	0.3	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75,545	32,345	43,200	13.1	11.4	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,740	8,650	8,095	2.9	3.1	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	6,680	2,905	3,770	1.2	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,970	1,980	1,990	0.7	0.7	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	275	50	225	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	5,425	3,570	1,850	0.9	1.3	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	400	140	255	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	21,885	14,800	7,090	3.8	5.2	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	18,250	13,125	5,125	3.2	4.6	1.7
25. Library science	795	120	670	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,405	1,285	1,120	0.4	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	445	270	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	68,760	59,440	9,320	11.9	21.0	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	2,785	1,710	1,075	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	25,955	20,385	5,570	4.5	7.2	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	12,450	10,755	1,690	2.2	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	13,135	12,715	420	2.3	4.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,295	9,000	295	1.6	3.2	0.1
48. Precision production	5,135	4,865	265	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,940	2,825	3,115	1.0	1.0	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,760	1,590	2,170	0.7	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,180	1,235	945	0.4	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	44,255	9,745	34,515	7.7	3.4	11.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,650	1,895	1,755	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	39,470	7,275	32,195	6.8	2.6	10.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	70	10	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,065	565	500	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	14,635	6,970	7,670	2.5	2.5	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	9,935	3,180	6,755	1.7	1.1	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	70	70	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,855	1,335	525	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,750	2,360	385	0.5	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	392,515	192,200	200,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	112,140	59,150	52,990	28.6	30.8	26.5
Education	14,160	2,915	11,245	3.6	1.5	5.6
13. Education	14,160	2,915	11,245	3.6	1.5	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	14,195	6,430	7,765	3.6	3.3	3.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,965	1,380	585	0.5	0.7	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	12,230	5,050	7,180	3.1	2.6	3.6
Humanities	15,155	5,095	10,065	3.9	2.7	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,555	475	2,080	0.7	0.2	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	4,140	1,025	3,110	1.1	0.5	1.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,680	1,670	3,010	1.2	0.9	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	195	85	110	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	660	390	270	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	995	630	365	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	1,530	765	770	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	400	50	355	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	37,240	12,855	24,380	9.5	6.7	12.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	420	100	330	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	4,870	1,780	3,090	1.2	0.9	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,540	490	4,050	1.2	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	5,445	1,425	4,015	1.4	0.7	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	775	295	480	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	6,490	1,660	4,830	1.7	0.9	2.4
45. Social sciences	14,690	7,100	7,590	3.7	3.7	3.8
Business, management and public administration	64,410	26,670	37,740	16.4	13.9	18.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	100	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,215	530	1,685	0.6	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	62,090	26,090	36,005	15.8	13.6	18.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,960	6,420	6,540	3.3	3.3	3.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,370	2,245	3,125	1.4	1.2	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,010	1,405	1,600	0.8	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	245	40	200	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	4,090	2,645	1,440	1.0	1.4	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	255	85	170	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	19,050	13,045	6,015	4.9	6.8	3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	16,320	11,795	4,520	4.2	6.1	2.3
25. Library science	540	80	455	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,830	940	890	0.5	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	370	225	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	52,750	44,705	8,040	13.4	23.3	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	2,260	1,315	945	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	21,355	16,390	4,965	5.4	8.5	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	9,065	7,675	1,390	2.3	4.0	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	9,715	9,390	325	2.5	4.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,820	6,615	200	1.7	3.4	0.1
48. Precision production	3,520	3,320	200	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,600	2,025	2,580	1.2	1.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,850	1,100	1,750	0.7	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,750	920	830	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	34,915	7,670	27,245	8.9	4.0	13.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,985	1,540	1,445	0.8	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	31,050	5,755	25,290	7.9	3.0	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	60	0	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	825	380	450	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,910	5,215	5,700	2.8	2.7	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	7,405	2,425	4,980	1.9	1.3	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	45	45	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,520	1,090	430	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,935	1,645	295	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	392,515	192,200	200,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	112,140	59,150	52,990	28.6	30.8	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	280,380	133,050	147,325	71.4	69.2	73.5
Location of study inside Canada	187,745	91,595	96,150	47.8	47.7	48.0
Same as province or territory of residence	159,330	76,505	82,820	40.6	39.8	41.3
Different than province or territory of residence	28,415	15,090	13,330	7.2	7.9	6.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	92,635	41,455	51,175	23.6	21.6	25.5
Americas	15,170	7,680	7,490	3.9	4.0	3.7
United States of America	8,385	4,530	3,860	2.1	2.4	1.9
Mexico	1,965	875	1,085	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cuba	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	2,560	1,190	1,370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Colombia	665	295	370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	230	90	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	260	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	955	480	475	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	16,445	8,375	8,070	4.2	4.4	4.0
Belgium	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	630	310	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	545	285	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	190	110	80	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	175	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	220	100	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	225	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	855	365	490	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	1,635	820	815	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	2,000	905	1,100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ukraine	1,405	695	705	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	515	305	205	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,635	2,515	2,125	1.2	1.3	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	320	165	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	255	160	95	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	570	315	250	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	2,190	1,085	1,105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Africa	2,350	1,205	1,150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nigeria	240	140	100	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	350	195	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	890	425	465	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	715	360	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	56,530	23,165	33,360	14.4	12.1	16.7
Iran⁸⁸	5,495	2,540	2,950	1.4	1.3	1.5
Iraq	520	295	225	0.1	0.2	0.1
Israel	285	155	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	130	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	205	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	385	250	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	15,210	6,400	8,810	3.9	3.3	4.4
Taiwan	2,585	825	1,770	0.7	0.4	0.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,015	815	1,195	0.5	0.4	0.6
Japan	1,640	375	1,255	0.4	0.2	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	7,475	2,850	4,625	1.9	1.5	2.3
Philippines	10,350	3,785	6,560	2.6	2.0	3.3
Viet Nam	405	105	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	205	90	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	175	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	6,225	2,965	3,260	1.6	1.5	1.6
Pakistan	555	280	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	2,680	1,190	1,485	0.7	0.6	0.7
Oceania	2,135	1,025	1,105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Australia	1,720	820	895	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Zealand	330	165	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	577,850	282,540	295,315	...	...	...
In the labour force	382,440	199,500	182,940	...	...	...
Employed	349,655	183,330	166,325	...	...	...
Unemployed	32,785	16,175	16,610	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	195,410	83,040	112,375	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.2	70.6	61.9	66.2	70.6	61.9
Employment rate	60.5	64.9	56.3	60.5	64.9	56.3
Unemployment rate	8.6	8.1	9.1	8.6	8.1	9.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	577,850	282,540	295,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	200,930	86,280	114,655	34.8	30.5	38.8
Worked	376,925	196,265	180,660	65.2	69.5	61.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	206,130	117,765	88,370	35.7	41.7	29.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	170,790	78,500	92,295	29.6	27.8	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.4	40.2	41.3	42.4	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	382,440	199,500	182,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	8,850	4,110	4,740	2.3	2.1	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	373,590	195,390	178,200	97.7	97.9	97.4
Employee	316,515	160,480	156,035	82.8	80.4	85.3
Permanent position	268,120	138,130	129,990	70.1	69.2	71.1
Temporary position	48,390	22,345	26,045	12.7	11.2	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	17,800	8,585	9,215	4.7	4.3	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30,590	13,760	16,830	8.0	6.9	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	57,080	34,910	22,170	14.9	17.5	12.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	382,440	199,500	182,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	8,850	4,110	4,740	2.3	2.1	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	373,590	195,390	178,200	97.7	97.9	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	4,040	2,880	1,160	1.1	1.4	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	73,380	23,555	49,830	19.2	11.8	27.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	41,705	31,910	9,795	10.9	16.0	5.4
3 Health occupations	25,865	6,005	19,855	6.8	3.0	10.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	42,900	13,970	28,925	11.2	7.0	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	16,900	8,720	8,175	4.4	4.4	4.5
6 Sales and service occupations	92,850	42,300	50,555	24.3	21.2	27.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	61,165	55,655	5,505	16.0	27.9	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,785	2,800	980	1.0	1.4	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	11,000	7,590	3,410	2.9	3.8	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	382,440	199,500	182,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	8,850	4,110	4,740	2.3	2.1	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	373,590	195,390	178,200	97.7	97.9	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,915	1,085	830	0.5	0.5	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	955	685	270	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	2,910	1,995	915	0.8	1.0	0.5
23 Construction	33,185	28,175	5,000	8.7	14.1	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	22,385	15,285	7,095	5.9	7.7	3.9
41 Wholesale trade	15,525	10,060	5,465	4.1	5.0	3.0
44-45 Retail trade	42,150	20,085	22,065	11.0	10.1	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	18,915	14,325	4,595	4.9	7.2	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	15,385	10,155	5,235	4.0	5.1	2.9
52 Finance and insurance	17,725	7,940	9,780	4.6	4.0	5.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	9,375	5,005	4,370	2.5	2.5	2.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	40,635	23,360	17,270	10.6	11.7	9.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,080	535	545	0.3	0.3	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15,120	8,515	6,600	4.0	4.3	3.6
61 Educational services	28,400	9,485	18,915	7.4	4.8	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	42,795	8,495	34,300	11.2	4.3	18.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	7,820	4,035	3,785	2.0	2.0	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	22,920	10,275	12,640	6.0	5.2	6.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,165	6,825	9,340	4.2	3.4	5.1
91 Public administration	18,245	9,060	9,185	4.8	4.5	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	406,730	210,720	196,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	364,520	190,835	173,680	89.6	90.6	88.6
French	370	100	270	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	9,365	4,595	4,770	2.3	2.2	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	9,365	4,595	4,770	2.3	2.2	2.4
English and French	2,690	1,040	1,645	0.7	0.5	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	28,630	13,590	15,035	7.0	6.4	7.7
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	435	165	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	710	390	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	406,730	210,720	196,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	400,075	207,405	192,665	98.4	98.4	98.3
Official languages	382,925	199,160	183,770	94.1	94.5	93.8
English	382,065	198,925	183,140	93.9	94.4	93.4
French	860	230	625	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	17,150	8,255	8,900	4.2	3.9	4.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,145	8,250	8,900	4.2	3.9	4.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	70	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	70	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	295	105	195	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	295	105	195	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	65	120	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	45	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,455	1,260	1,200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	355	170	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	355	170	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	245	100	140	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,180	685	490	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	545	330	220	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	480	300	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	630	360	270	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	610	340	270	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	480	250	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	870	380	485	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	175	60	110	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	640	315	330	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	355	65	285	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	3,125	1,560	1,565	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	105	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,460	5,070	5,390	2.6	2.4	2.7
Chinese languages	10,445	5,065	5,380	2.6	2.4	2.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	6,645	3,135	3,510	1.6	1.5	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	3,710	1,885	1,825	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,660	3,315	3,345	1.6	1.6	1.7
English and French	395	150	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	6,070	3,060	3,010	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	406,730	210,720	196,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	379,795	198,300	181,495	93.4	94.1	92.6
English	6,805	3,090	3,715	1.7	1.5	1.9
French	1,915	815	1,100	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	14,265	6,790	7,480	3.5	3.2	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	14,255	6,785	7,470	3.5	3.2	3.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	890	385	510	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	305	100	210	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,750	1,245	1,500	0.7	0.6	0.8
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	349,655	183,330	166,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	91,945	45,555	46,385	26.3	24.8	27.9
Worked outside Canada	1,830	1,255	570	0.5	0.7	0.3
No fixed workplace address	48,775	36,735	12,045	13.9	20.0	7.2
Usual place of work	207,110	99,785	107,325	59.2	54.4	64.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	207,110	99,785	107,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	65,500	27,890	37,615	31.6	28.0	35.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	137,815	69,700	68,110	66.5	69.9	63.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,235	1,865	1,370	1.6	1.9	1.3
Commute to a different province or territory	560	330	230	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	255,885	136,515	119,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	199,385	111,995	87,390	77.9	82.0	73.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	183,980	106,735	77,250	71.9	78.2	64.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15,405	5,255	10,150	6.0	3.8	8.5
Public transit	38,355	16,270	22,085	15.0	11.9	18.5
Walked	11,230	4,435	6,790	4.4	3.2	5.7
Bicycle	1,895	1,435	465	0.7	1.1	0.4
Other method	5,025	2,385	2,640	2.0	1.7	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	255,885	136,515	119,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	49,795	22,000	27,795	19.5	16.1	23.3
15 to 29 minutes	79,675	41,395	38,280	31.1	30.3	32.1
30 to 44 minutes	71,045	41,350	29,695	27.8	30.3	24.9
45 to 59 minutes	31,030	17,935	13,100	12.1	13.1	11.0
60 minutes and over	24,335	13,835	10,500	9.5	10.1	8.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	255,885	136,515	119,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	18,145	13,295	4,850	7.1	9.7	4.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	42,500	27,385	15,115	16.6	20.1	12.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	60,230	31,125	29,105	23.5	22.8	24.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	53,020	24,220	28,805	20.7	17.7	24.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	45,250	20,610	24,640	17.7	15.1	20.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	36,735	19,885	16,855	14.4	14.6	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	122,535	63,210	59,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,420	3,260	3,160	5.2	5.2	5.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	116,120	59,945	56,170	94.8	94.8	94.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	88,970	46,035	42,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,905	2,510	2,400	5.5	5.5	5.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,695	1,335	1,360	3.0	2.9	3.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,215	1,175	1,045	2.5	2.6	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	84,070	43,530	40,535	94.5	94.6	94.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 24, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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