Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	HamiltonMore information: Ontario [Census metropolitan area] Remove Hamilton, Census metropolitan area			Hamilton, City (C)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision] Remove Hamilton, City (C), Census subdivision
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	785,184	...	...	569,353	...	...
Population, 2016¹	747,545	...	...	536,917	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	320,081	...	...	233,564	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	307,382	...	...	222,807	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	571.8	...	...	509.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,373.15	...	...	1,118.31	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	785,185	383,130	402,050	569,350	279,640	289,715
0 to 14 years	125,815	64,690	61,120	91,240	46,945	44,295
0 to 4 years	39,045	20,020	19,025	29,100	14,920	14,180
5 to 9 years	42,585	21,910	20,675	30,695	15,840	14,855
10 to 14 years	44,180	22,760	21,425	31,450	16,190	15,260
15 to 64 years	509,735	252,150	257,585	373,820	185,960	187,860
15 to 19 years	44,550	23,125	21,425	31,795	16,530	15,265
20 to 24 years	47,580	24,595	22,990	36,405	18,895	17,510
25 to 29 years	51,275	25,975	25,300	40,525	20,485	20,040
30 to 34 years	53,585	26,400	27,180	41,330	20,550	20,780
35 to 39 years	52,920	25,825	27,095	38,940	19,225	19,720
40 to 44 years	49,540	24,070	25,470	35,025	17,125	17,900
45 to 49 years	49,325	23,820	25,505	34,155	16,560	17,595
50 to 54 years	51,860	25,210	26,650	36,665	17,900	18,770
55 to 59 years	56,825	27,810	29,020	40,930	20,155	20,775
60 to 64 years	52,270	25,315	26,950	38,045	18,540	19,505
65 years and over	149,630	66,285	83,350	104,290	46,735	57,555
65 to 69 years	43,570	20,390	23,175	31,630	14,935	16,700
70 to 74 years	38,015	17,365	20,650	26,700	12,390	14,305
75 to 79 years	27,110	12,285	14,820	18,290	8,390	9,895
80 to 84 years	19,310	8,395	10,915	12,990	5,705	7,280
85 years and over	21,630	7,840	13,790	14,685	5,310	9,370
85 to 89 years	12,990	5,085	7,905	8,750	3,420	5,330
90 to 94 years	6,485	2,185	4,300	4,435	1,490	2,945
95 to 99 years	1,925	545	1,380	1,340	380	960
100 years and over	225	35	195	155	25	135
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.0	16.9	15.2	16.0	16.8	15.3
15 to 64 years	64.9	65.8	64.1	65.7	66.5	64.8
65 years and over	19.1	17.3	20.7	18.3	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	2.8	2.0	3.4	2.6	1.9	3.2
Average age of the population	42.0	40.8	43.2	41.5	40.4	42.6
Median age of the population	41.6	40.0	43.2	40.8	39.2	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	307,380	...	...	222,810	...	...
Single-detached house	169,265	...	...	125,130	...	...
Semi-detached house	10,110	...	...	6,770	...	...
Row house	43,785	...	...	27,455	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,300	...	...	7,380	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,560	...	...	19,045	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	49,645	...	...	36,465	...	...
Other single-attached house	555	...	...	415	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	160	...	...	145	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	307,380	...	...	222,810	...	...
1 person	83,310	...	...	62,110	...	...
2 persons	100,255	...	...	71,460	...	...
3 persons	48,930	...	...	35,325	...	...
4 persons	47,240	...	...	32,690	...	...
5 or more persons	27,640	...	...	21,220	...	...
Number of persons in private households	773,440	378,335	395,105	560,920	275,900	285,020
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	659,370	318,440	340,935	478,115	232,690	245,420
Married or living common-law	370,565	184,980	185,585	260,655	130,220	130,430
Married	311,810	155,640	156,165	216,485	108,140	108,350
Living common-law	58,760	29,340	29,420	44,165	22,080	22,085
Living common law - Never married	41,610	20,825	20,790	32,210	16,130	16,080
Living common law - Separated	3,270	1,715	1,560	2,405	1,260	1,140
Living common law - Divorced	12,405	6,190	6,220	8,540	4,280	4,260
Living common law - Widowed	1,470	615	855	1,010	405	605
Not married and not living common-law	288,800	133,460	155,345	217,455	102,470	114,985
Not married and not living common law - Never married	189,600	102,095	87,500	145,095	78,705	66,390
Not married and not living common law - Separated	19,340	8,070	11,275	14,455	6,110	8,345
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	40,755	15,115	25,640	29,890	11,680	18,215
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	39,110	8,180	30,930	28,015	5,980	22,040
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	220,170	...	...	157,120	...	...
2 persons	106,475	...	...	76,160	...	...
3 persons	48,650	...	...	34,980	...	...
4 persons	45,865	...	...	31,435	...	...
5 or more persons	19,175	...	...	14,550	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	220,165	...	...	157,125	...	...
Total couple families	180,875	...	...	126,990	...	...
Married couples	151,505	...	...	104,920	...	...
With children⁶	87,045	...	...	60,475	...	...
Without children	64,465	...	...	44,445	...	...
Common-law couples	29,370	...	...	22,070	...	...
With children⁶	10,850	...	...	8,305	...	...
Without children	18,515	...	...	13,765	...	...
Total one-parent families	39,295	...	...	30,135	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	31,230	...	...	23,985	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	8,065	...	...	6,150	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	773,440	378,335	395,105	560,920	275,895	285,015
Total - Persons in census families	645,240	319,195	326,050	461,625	228,235	233,390
Married spouses or common-law partners	361,745	180,665	181,085	253,975	126,870	127,110
Parents in one-parent families	39,295	8,065	31,230	30,135	6,150	23,985
Children⁶	244,205	130,470	113,735	177,515	95,215	82,295
In a two-parent family	183,035	97,315	85,720	130,105	69,420	60,690
In a one-parent family	61,165	33,150	28,015	47,405	25,800	21,610
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	128,195	59,145	69,055	99,290	47,665	51,630
Living alone	83,310	36,395	46,915	62,110	28,470	33,640
Living with other relatives⁷	18,735	7,575	11,160	14,895	6,130	8,765
Living with non-relatives only	26,155	15,175	10,980	22,285	13,060	9,225
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	191,420	...	...	134,420	...	...
Couple-family households	160,885	...	...	111,410	...	...
With children⁶	87,295	...	...	60,520	...	...
Without children	73,590	...	...	50,885	...	...
One-parent-family households	30,530	...	...	23,015	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	10,455	...	...	8,140	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,990	...	...	1,570	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	8,755	...	...	7,030	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	11,450	...	...	9,535	...	...
One-person households	83,310	...	...	62,110	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	647,770	313,725	334,045	469,795	229,020	240,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	622,735	300,630	322,105	450,655	218,950	231,710
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	48,400	38,000	40,400	45,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	623,075	300,820	322,250	450,895	219,085	231,810
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	34,800	36,800	40,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	555,060	273,515	281,550	394,960	196,375	198,585
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,200	30,800	35,200	42,000	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450,300	231,560	218,740	322,360	166,800	155,555
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,000	34,000	37,600	43,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	563,545	268,140	295,405	411,095	197,175	213,920
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	6,800	10,600	9,300	7,300	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,890	24,760	31,135	42,345	19,275	23,070
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,600	5,520	5,480	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	175,490	84,970	90,525	132,175	64,785	67,390
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	647,770	313,715	334,050	469,795	229,015	240,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	622,730	300,745	321,990	450,700	219,185	231,515
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,650	67,800	48,240	53,750	62,550	45,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	623,075	300,945	322,130	450,940	219,325	231,610
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,880	55,150	41,120	45,520	52,100	39,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	554,900	273,325	281,575	394,655	196,205	198,450
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,850	65,300	42,760	49,920	60,100	39,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	450,295	231,240	219,055	322,360	166,590	155,770
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,150	63,950	43,840	50,520	59,350	41,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	563,840	268,620	295,230	411,325	197,740	213,585
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,690	9,440	11,820	11,000	9,720	12,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,150	24,515	31,635	42,480	19,180	23,300
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	5,865	7,180	6,550	5,900	7,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	175,120	84,455	90,665	131,805	64,330	67,470
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,070	8,870	9,250	9,140	8,990	9,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	647,770	313,715	334,055	469,795	229,015	240,785
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	216,750	119,760	96,995	151,400	83,895	67,505
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	75,000	61,600	64,500	70,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,600	90,500	70,600	74,600	81,700	65,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	171,185	78,610	92,580	124,610	57,910	66,705
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,800	16,200	17,800	19,800	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,160	32,440	24,500	27,160	30,960	23,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.2	87.6	77.6	81.4	86.0	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.0	72.6	61.9	67.2	72.0	60.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.8	12.4	22.5	18.7	14.0	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.2	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	4.0	6.4	5.7	4.6	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.7	5.4	5.0	4.2	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	647,770	313,725	334,045	469,795	229,025	240,775
Without total income	25,040	13,100	11,945	19,135	10,070	9,070
With total income	622,730	300,625	322,105	450,655	218,950	231,705
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50,305	21,750	28,555	36,650	16,175	20,475
$10,000 to $19,999	73,075	30,775	42,305	55,620	23,875	31,745
$20,000 to $29,999	93,210	39,170	54,040	71,615	30,650	40,970
$30,000 to $39,999	76,555	33,160	43,395	58,470	25,750	32,720
$40,000 to $49,999	66,850	30,430	36,420	50,680	23,535	27,150
$50,000 to $59,999	55,270	25,775	29,495	40,980	19,505	21,470
$60,000 to $69,999	44,940	22,545	22,400	32,600	16,705	15,895
$70,000 to $79,999	35,430	19,120	16,310	25,035	13,905	11,125
$80,000 to $89,999	27,630	15,700	11,925	18,820	11,035	7,790
$90,000 to $99,999	22,535	12,790	9,745	14,970	8,740	6,235
$100,000 and over	76,935	49,415	27,520	45,215	29,085	16,130
$100,000 to $149,999	50,885	30,875	20,010	31,605	19,420	12,180
$150,000 and over	26,045	18,535	7,510	13,605	9,660	3,950
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	647,770	313,725	334,045	469,795	229,025	240,775
Without after-tax income	24,695	12,900	11,795	18,900	9,935	8,965
With after-tax income	623,075	300,825	322,255	450,900	219,085	231,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	52,850	22,600	30,245	38,195	16,725	21,470
$10,000 to $19,999	76,360	32,220	44,135	58,005	24,940	33,060
$20,000 to $29,999	104,845	44,165	60,675	80,540	34,545	46,000
$30,000 to $39,999	90,470	40,615	49,855	68,950	31,545	37,410
$40,000 to $49,999	77,745	36,130	41,615	58,345	27,685	30,660
$50,000 to $59,999	61,165	30,600	30,560	44,640	22,810	21,830
$60,000 to $69,999	45,260	24,410	20,850	31,750	17,535	14,215
$70,000 to $79,999	32,990	18,990	14,000	22,330	13,115	9,210
$80,000 to $89,999	26,855	14,480	12,375	17,485	9,555	7,935
$90,000 to $99,999	15,580	9,580	6,000	9,580	6,000	3,580
$100,000 and over	38,970	27,030	11,940	21,090	14,640	6,450
$100,000 to $124,999	19,205	12,780	6,425	10,880	7,345	3,535
$125,000 and over	19,760	14,250	5,515	10,205	7,295	2,915
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	647,770	313,725	334,045	469,795	229,025	240,775
Without employment income	197,475	82,165	115,310	147,440	62,220	85,215
With employment income	450,300	231,560	218,735	322,360	166,800	155,560
Under $5,000 (including loss)	66,505	33,660	32,850	47,495	24,395	23,105
$5,000 to $9,999	36,260	15,955	20,305	26,825	11,940	14,885
$10,000 to $19,999	49,895	22,335	27,565	37,340	16,925	20,410
$20,000 to $29,999	37,700	17,200	20,500	28,625	13,150	15,475
$30,000 to $39,999	36,310	16,460	19,850	27,935	12,900	15,035
$40,000 to $49,999	36,525	16,965	19,560	27,935	13,260	14,675
$50,000 to $59,999	34,390	16,855	17,535	25,910	13,015	12,900
$60,000 to $69,999	29,670	15,925	13,745	21,735	11,955	9,780
$70,000 to $79,999	24,075	13,595	10,480	17,190	10,035	7,155
$80,000 to $89,999	20,555	12,265	8,290	14,150	8,760	5,395
$90,000 to $99,999	18,760	10,355	8,405	12,455	7,100	5,350
$100,000 and over	59,650	39,990	19,660	34,760	23,375	11,385
$100,000 to $124,999	28,205	17,220	10,985	17,970	11,115	6,855
$125,000 and over	31,440	22,770	8,675	16,795	12,260	4,535
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	647,770	313,725	334,045	469,795	229,020	240,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	611,325	294,755	316,575	442,190	214,555	227,630
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,200	35,600	38,400	44,000	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	611,510	294,770	316,740	442,320	214,575	227,745
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,000	32,400	34,800	39,200	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	549,855	270,675	279,180	391,120	194,235	196,880
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,400	32,400	36,400	43,200	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	452,345	232,380	219,965	323,610	167,380	156,230
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	35,200	38,400	44,000	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	531,495	252,125	279,365	388,485	185,515	202,970
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,380	980	5,360	2,640	1,080	5,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	38,550	15,365	23,185	29,535	12,225	17,315
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,200	5,920	5,520	5,240	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	647,770	313,715	334,050	469,795	229,015	240,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	611,500	294,925	316,575	442,310	214,705	227,600
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	63,300	45,320	49,360	56,650	42,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	611,685	294,950	316,725	442,450	214,735	227,725
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,440	50,720	38,560	41,400	46,480	36,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	549,870	270,730	279,140	391,100	194,240	196,865
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,900	63,150	42,920	48,280	56,550	40,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	452,325	232,205	220,120	323,710	167,255	156,450
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,750	61,100	43,920	48,200	54,800	41,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	532,100	252,840	279,260	388,665	186,050	202,615
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,200	8,480	7,570	6,340	8,710
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,305	15,075	23,235	29,280	12,030	17,250
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,370	6,175	8,140	7,250	6,200	7,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	647,770	313,715	334,055	469,795	229,015	240,785
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	215,040	118,910	96,135	150,100	83,210	66,895
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	71,500	57,200	60,800	67,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,700	87,200	65,900	70,700	78,300	61,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	161,475	74,150	87,320	117,350	54,550	62,805
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	26,400	21,400	23,200	26,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,400	39,960	29,680	32,800	37,600	28,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.0	91.6	83.4	86.6	90.4	81.8
Employment income (%)	72.2	76.0	67.4	71.4	75.4	66.6
Government transfers (%)	11.9	8.4	16.5	13.5	9.7	18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.3	1.0	0.6	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	307,380	...	...	222,810	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	83,310	...	...	62,110	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	224,075	...	...	160,695	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	116,800	...	...	108,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	97,100	...	...	92,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	83,290	...	...	62,080	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,950	...	...	50,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	43,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	224,095	...	...	160,725	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	139,800	...	...	131,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,100	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	307,380	...	...	222,810	...	...
Under $5,000	3,065	...	...	2,495	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,385	...	...	1,110	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,140	...	...	2,580	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,650	...	...	4,875	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	9,905	...	...	8,145	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	9,735	...	...	7,705	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	9,030	...	...	7,205	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	9,820	...	...	7,740	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10,545	...	...	8,290	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10,275	...	...	7,990	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20,845	...	...	15,980	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20,215	...	...	15,325	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	19,395	...	...	14,495	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	18,175	...	...	13,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	17,140	...	...	12,530	...	...
$100,000 and over	139,070	...	...	92,975	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	36,905	...	...	26,750	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	28,120	...	...	19,745	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	36,155	...	...	24,405	...	...
$200,000 and over	37,900	...	...	22,075	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	307,380	...	...	222,810	...	...
Under $5,000	3,425	...	...	2,695	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	1,445	...	...	1,145	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,250	...	...	2,675	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,915	...	...	5,055	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10,555	...	...	8,680	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	11,020	...	...	8,710	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10,610	...	...	8,400	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	11,505	...	...	9,035	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	12,290	...	...	9,505	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	12,210	...	...	9,370	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	24,550	...	...	18,615	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	24,005	...	...	17,905	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	22,395	...	...	16,515	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	21,410	...	...	15,575	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	19,000	...	...	13,795	...	...
$100,000 and over	113,805	...	...	75,130	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	38,690	...	...	27,315	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	27,035	...	...	18,455	...	...
$150,000 and over	48,085	...	...	29,365	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	216,305	...	...	154,140	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	75,135	...	...	52,205	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	98,525	...	...	69,200	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35,940	...	...	27,405	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	109,465	51,570	57,895	84,400	41,530	42,865
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	40,800	39,200	37,200	38,000	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	36,800	35,600	34,000	34,800	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	216,115	...	...	153,995	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,600	...	...	126,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,500	...	...	105,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	74,800	...	...	51,910	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	110,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,700	...	...	92,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	98,640	...	...	69,325	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,400	...	...	155,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	129,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35,765	...	...	27,225	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	83,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	73,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	109,405	51,345	58,055	84,250	41,425	42,820
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	58,400	69,000	49,080	56,650	68,200	45,520
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,480	60,200	41,880	50,000	60,750	39,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	773,440	378,335	395,100	560,915	275,900	285,020
0 to 17 years	152,290	78,455	73,835	109,880	56,615	53,265
0 to 5 years	47,400	24,325	23,070	35,170	18,075	17,090
18 to 64 years	480,030	236,280	243,750	352,465	174,480	177,980
65 years and over	141,115	63,605	77,515	98,575	44,805	53,770
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	72,610	33,495	39,115	60,275	28,195	32,085
0 to 17 years	16,800	8,475	8,320	14,275	7,245	7,030
0 to 5 years	5,545	2,810	2,735	4,815	2,450	2,365
18 to 64 years	40,770	19,510	21,260	34,200	16,510	17,690
65 years and over	15,050	5,510	9,540	11,805	4,440	7,365
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.4	8.9	9.9	10.8	10.2	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	10.8	11.3	13.0	12.8	13.2
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7	11.5	11.9	13.7	13.6	13.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	8.3	8.7	9.7	9.5	9.9
65 years and over (%)	10.7	8.7	12.3	12.0	9.9	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	773,440	378,335	395,105	560,920	275,895	285,015
0 to 17 years	152,295	78,455	73,835	109,875	56,615	53,265
0 to 5 years	47,395	24,325	23,075	35,170	18,075	17,090
18 to 64 years	480,030	236,275	243,755	352,465	174,480	177,985
65 years and over	141,120	63,600	77,515	98,575	44,800	53,770
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	41,780	21,145	20,635	34,935	17,940	17,000
0 to 17 years	7,860	3,980	3,880	6,555	3,335	3,215
0 to 5 years	2,615	1,325	1,285	2,260	1,155	1,105
18 to 64 years	29,670	15,475	14,195	25,185	13,295	11,885
65 years and over	4,255	1,690	2,560	3,200	1,310	1,895
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.4	5.6	5.2	6.2	6.5	6.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.2	5.1	5.3	6.0	5.9	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	5.5	5.5	5.6	6.4	6.4	6.5
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.8	7.1	7.6	6.7
65 years and over (%)	3.0	2.7	3.3	3.3	2.9	3.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	773,440	378,335	395,105	560,915	275,900	285,020
In bottom half of the distribution	341,060	162,250	178,810	271,295	130,530	140,765
In bottom decile	64,815	31,255	33,555	54,340	26,590	27,755
In second decile	66,775	30,105	36,670	54,355	24,855	29,495
In third decile	67,720	32,155	35,565	54,115	26,060	28,060
In fourth decile	70,120	33,860	36,255	54,440	26,530	27,905
In fifth decile	71,640	34,875	36,765	54,050	26,505	27,545
In top half of the distribution	432,375	216,085	216,295	289,615	145,365	144,255
In sixth decile	76,820	37,690	39,125	56,765	28,065	28,700
In seventh decile	80,780	39,955	40,830	57,815	28,840	28,970
In eighth decile	86,630	43,330	43,305	59,610	29,900	29,705
In ninth decile	92,975	46,670	46,310	60,825	30,675	30,155
In top decile	95,170	48,445	46,725	54,610	27,890	26,725
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	773,440	...	...	560,920	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.342	...	...	0.332	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...	0.453	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.298	...	...	0.292	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	777,060	379,750	397,305	563,820	277,035	286,780
English only	714,105	353,400	360,705	520,350	258,685	261,665
French only	500	220	280	410	190	220
English and French	50,125	21,275	28,845	32,630	14,060	18,570
Neither English nor French	12,325	4,855	7,470	10,435	4,110	6,325
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	777,060	379,750	397,305	563,820	277,035	286,780
English	752,740	369,470	383,275	545,085	269,080	276,005
French	9,260	4,145	5,110	6,410	2,950	3,460
English and French	3,110	1,470	1,640	2,195	1,050	1,145
Neither English nor French	11,950	4,670	7,280	10,130	3,960	6,170
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	777,060	379,750	397,305	563,820	277,035	286,780
Single responses	748,190	365,845	382,345	542,005	266,405	275,600
Official languages	575,970	283,895	292,075	408,935	202,570	206,370
English	566,960	279,870	287,095	402,740	199,720	203,020
French	9,010	4,030	4,980	6,195	2,850	3,345
Non-official languages	172,220	81,945	90,275	133,065	63,835	69,230
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30	50	25	30
Algonquian languages	35	15	15	30	15	15
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	5	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	5	0	5	5	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	5	5	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	15	10	20	10	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	20	15	10	15	10	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	0	5	5	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	10	10	15	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	20	5	10	20	5	10
Cayuga	5	5	0	5	5	0
Mohawk	10	5	5	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	172,165	81,925	90,240	133,015	63,805	69,205
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,100	10,615	10,485	17,595	8,865	8,730
Berber languages	40	20	15	20	10	10
Kabyle	25	10	15	10	5	5
Tamazight	10	10	5	10	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	35	15	15	30	15	20
Hausa	35	15	15	30	15	20
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	25	15	10	10	0	5
Cushitic languages	1,310	610	705	1,260	590	675
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	60	30	30	50	25	25
Somali	1,255	580	675	1,215	560	650
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	19,690	9,955	9,735	16,280	8,255	8,025
Amharic	260	130	135	245	115	125
Arabic	15,705	7,980	7,730	12,560	6,405	6,155
Aramaic languages	3,120	1,545	1,570	3,000	1,485	1,520
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	2,610	1,285	1,325	2,535	1,250	1,290
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	420	215	210	385	195	190
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	40	80	40	35
Harari	10	5	5	5	5	0
Hebrew	205	120	85	165	95	70
Maltese	155	65	90	90	40	50
Tigrigna	230	120	110	210	105	105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,820	2,195	2,625	4,370	2,015	2,355
Khmer (Cambodian)	825	370	455	795	365	430
Vietnamese	3,985	1,820	2,170	3,570	1,645	1,925
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	7,810	3,140	4,670	6,145	2,505	3,645
Bikol	25	10	20	20	10	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	130	50	80	80	35	50
Cebuano	240	90	150	185	65	120
Fijian	10	5	5	5	5	5
Hiligaynon	90	30	60	75	25	45
Ilocano	465	185	280	385	155	230
Indonesian	150	65	85	105	45	60
Kankanaey	15	5	10	10	5	10
Kinaray-a	10	10	5	10	5	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	25	5	25	25	5	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	95	45	55	65	25	40
Pangasinan	15	5	10	20	10	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,440	2,615	3,825	5,095	2,095	2,995
Waray-Waray	25	10	20	25	5	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	25	40	45	15	30
Creole languages	370	170	195	345	165	180
Haitian Creole	155	70	80	150	70	80
Jamaican English Creole	25	10	10	25	10	10
Krio	15	5	10	10	0	10
Morisyen	30	20	10	25	15	5
Sango	10	5	10	10	5	10
Creole, n.o.s.	100	45	55	90	40	50
Creole languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	40	20	20
Dravidian languages	2,950	1,500	1,450	2,140	1,085	1,055
Kannada	130	60	70	60	30	30
Malayalam	1,345	695	650	1,115	570	545
Tamil	975	470	510	665	315	355
Telugu	480	265	215	285	165	120
Tulu	10	5	5	5	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	5	5
Georgian	20	10	15	15	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	112,950	54,020	58,935	86,040	41,445	44,595
Albanian	1,540	750	795	1,310	635	670
Armenian	400	205	190	310	165	145
Balto-Slavic languages	30,685	14,020	16,665	22,790	10,505	12,285
Baltic languages	785	310	475	590	240	350
Latvian	290	120	175	235	95	140
Lithuanian	490	195	300	355	145	215
Slavic languages	29,905	13,715	16,190	22,195	10,265	11,930
Belarusian	15	5	10	5	5	5
Bulgarian	290	140	150	145	75	75
Czech	995	425	570	745	330	420
Macedonian	575	270	305	415	185	230
Polish	9,315	4,140	5,170	6,665	2,980	3,690
Russian	2,715	1,160	1,560	1,650	710	940
Rusyn	10	5	0	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	12,740	6,205	6,530	10,350	5,040	5,315
Bosnian	1,130	555	575	965	475	490
Croatian	5,140	2,440	2,700	4,085	1,925	2,160
Serbian	6,320	3,130	3,190	5,195	2,580	2,615
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	145	75	65	115	60	55
Slovak	585	235	345	375	155	215
Slovene (Slovenian)	595	260	335	440	190	250
Ukrainian	2,045	855	1,185	1,365	585	775
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	25	10	20
Celtic languages	60	25	30	35	20	15
Irish	10	0	5	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	15	10	5
Welsh	25	10	15	15	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	5	5	0
Germanic languages	8,505	3,780	4,725	5,390	2,410	2,980
Frisian	90	40	50	60	25	35
High German languages	4,295	1,855	2,440	2,855	1,255	1,595
German	4,185	1,800	2,390	2,790	1,225	1,565
Pennsylvania German	5	0	0	5	0	0
Swiss German	75	35	40	40	20	20
Yiddish	30	15	10	25	15	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,695	1,690	2,005	2,260	1,030	1,230
Afrikaans	320	150	165	180	80	95
Dutch	3,270	1,490	1,780	2,015	920	1,095
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0	5	5	0	5
Plautdietsch	30	15	20	25	10	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	30	40	35	15	20
Scandinavian languages	410	180	225	205	90	110
Danish	230	105	120	120	55	60
Icelandic	10	0	5	5	0	5
Norwegian	55	25	30	20	10	10
Swedish	115	50	65	60	25	35
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	10	5	5
Greek	1,825	925	895	1,360	690	665
Indo-Iranian languages	30,235	15,490	14,745	23,320	12,090	11,230
Indo-Aryan languages	24,240	12,480	11,760	18,645	9,725	8,925
Assamese	10	10	5	5	5	0
Bengali	1,615	825	795	1,365	695	675
Gujarati	3,580	2,060	1,525	2,970	1,760	1,215
Hindi	2,840	1,440	1,395	1,830	945	885
Kacchi	65	40	30	35	15	20
Kashmiri	20	10	15	5	5	5
Konkani	90	45	45	55	25	30
Marathi	260	125	135	145	70	70
Nepali	365	195	170	325	180	150
Oriya languages	20	10	10	10	5	5
Odia	15	10	5	10	5	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	5	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,245	4,145	4,095	6,280	3,205	3,075
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	115	65	55	105	55	50
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	460	220	235	320	155	165
Urdu	6,485	3,265	3,220	5,150	2,580	2,565
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30	50	25	20
Iranian languages	5,990	3,005	2,985	4,670	2,360	2,310
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,275	670	605	1,225	640	590
Parsi	10	5	5	5	0	0
Pashto	430	225	200	320	175	145
Persian languages	4,265	2,100	2,160	3,110	1,545	1,565
Dari	1,595	770	820	1,340	660	685
Iranian Persian	2,245	1,125	1,115	1,415	720	695
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	430	200	225	355	165	190
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	39,705	18,825	20,885	31,530	14,930	16,600
Catalan	20	10	10	15	10	10
Italian	14,645	6,925	7,715	12,490	5,840	6,650
Portuguese	9,265	4,480	4,780	7,405	3,595	3,815
Romanian	2,275	1,070	1,210	1,605	770	835
Spanish	13,415	6,285	7,130	9,930	4,670	5,255
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	90	50	40	80	45	35
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Japanese	400	115	290	255	65	185
Korean	2,600	1,145	1,450	1,665	750	915
Mongolian	10	0	5	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	2,125	1,010	1,115	1,870	885	985
Akan (Twi)	305	150	150	265	135	130
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	40	15	25	35	15	20
Éwé	15	10	10	20	10	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	25	15	10	20	15	10
Ga	20	10	10	15	5	10
Ganda	50	25	25	45	25	20
Gikuyu	45	20	30	35	10	20
Igbo	125	70	55	105	60	45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	130	70	60	120	65	60
Lingala	45	15	35	45	15	30
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	10	5	10	10	5	10
Ndebele	45	15	25	40	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	80	35	45	80	35	45
Shona	215	95	120	185	80	105
Soninke	5	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	30	15	15	20	10	10
Swahili	465	215	245	420	195	230
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	5	5	0	5	5	0
Yoruba	260	125	135	225	110	120
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	195	90	105	160	70	90
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	80	80	150	75	75
Dinka	10	5	10	10	5	10
Nuer	30	20	15	30	20	15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	105	60	50	100	50	50
African, n.o.s.	10	0	5	10	0	5
Sign languages	150	75	80	110	50	60
American Sign Language	135	65	70	100	50	55
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	11,660	5,555	6,105	8,555	4,185	4,365
Chinese languages	11,225	5,340	5,890	8,145	3,980	4,170
Hakka	50	20	25	35	15	15
Mandarin	7,370	3,530	3,845	5,215	2,570	2,640
Min Dong	15	10	10	10	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	195	90	105	145	65	80
Wu (Shanghainese)	60	30	30	30	15	15
Yue (Cantonese)	3,355	1,565	1,790	2,565	1,220	1,345
Chinese, n.o.s.	165	90	80	150	80	70
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	435	215	215	405	205	200
Burmese	105	45	55	85	35	45
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	295	150	145	295	150	145
S'gaw Karen	230	120	120	230	120	120
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	60	30	30
Tibetan	20	10	5	10	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	20	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	600	260	335	520	240	280
Lao	310	150	160	285	140	145
Thai	280	110	175	225	95	130
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	10	5	5
Turkic languages	1,450	730	715	990	510	480
Azerbaijani	85	45	40	70	40	35
Kazakh	10	5	10	10	5	5
Turkish	1,270	645	625	835	430	405
Uyghur	30	15	15	25	15	10
Uzbek	10	5	10	10	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	35	20	15
Uralic languages	2,965	1,290	1,675	2,220	955	1,265
Estonian	230	100	135	165	70	95
Finnish	160	60	100	60	30	30
Hungarian	2,570	1,130	1,445	1,995	855	1,135
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	25	10	15
Multiple responses	28,865	13,905	14,955	21,815	10,630	11,180
English and French	3,045	1,390	1,655	2,080	975	1,105
English and non-official language(s)	22,610	11,075	11,540	17,315	8,550	8,765
French and non-official language(s)	565	245	315	430	190	240
English, French and non-official language(s)	535	240	300	370	165	205
Multiple non-official languages	2,110	960	1,145	1,625	750	870
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	777,060	379,750	397,305	563,820	277,035	286,780
English	595,925	293,420	302,505	423,410	209,645	213,765
French	1,955	930	1,020	1,415	685	725
Non-official language	43,560	20,335	23,220	35,655	16,660	18,995
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	5	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous	43,545	20,335	23,215	35,650	16,660	18,990
English and French	6,970	3,005	3,970	4,660	2,045	2,620
English and non-official language(s)	121,185	58,725	62,460	92,975	45,410	47,565
French and non-official language(s)	325	140	185	270	115	150
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,885	1,680	2,205	2,735	1,205	1,540
Multiple non-official languages	3,255	1,520	1,730	2,695	1,270	1,425
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	777,060	379,750	397,305	563,820	277,035	286,780
Single responses	748,435	366,040	382,395	541,790	266,400	275,390
Official languages	660,715	324,025	336,690	471,455	232,630	238,820
English	657,740	322,650	335,090	469,285	231,625	237,660
French	2,975	1,375	1,600	2,170	1,010	1,155
Non-official languages	87,720	42,010	45,705	70,340	33,765	36,575
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	20	10	15
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	5	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	5	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	5	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	15	10	5
Cayuga	10	5	5	10	5	5
Mohawk	5	0	5	5	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	87,690	42,000	45,695	70,320	33,760	36,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	13,730	6,715	7,015	11,890	5,825	6,060
Berber languages	15	5	5	10	5	5
Kabyle	10	0	5	5	0	5
Tamazight	5	5	5	5	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	20	15	10	20	15	10
Hausa	20	15	10	20	15	10
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	10	0	5	5	5	5
Cushitic languages	915	395	515	885	385	495
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	30	15	20	25	15	15
Somali	885	385	495	860	375	480
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	12,775	6,300	6,480	10,970	5,415	5,550
Amharic	100	45	55	100	45	55
Arabic	9,995	4,945	5,045	8,270	4,110	4,160
Aramaic languages	2,430	1,170	1,260	2,375	1,145	1,230
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	2,075	1,000	1,075	2,045	985	1,060
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	300	145	160	275	135	145
Aramaic, n.o.s.	55	30	25	55	30	25
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	90	45	40	75	40	35
Maltese	15	10	10	10	5	5
Tigrigna	140	75	70	135	75	65
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,105	1,400	1,705	2,895	1,310	1,590
Khmer (Cambodian)	470	200	265	460	200	260
Vietnamese	2,635	1,195	1,435	2,440	1,115	1,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,015	1,815	2,200	3,205	1,450	1,750
Bikol	20	10	5	20	10	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55	20	35	35	15	20
Cebuano	130	65	65	100	45	55
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	35	10	15	20	10	10
Ilocano	255	105	150	205	85	125
Indonesian	60	25	35	35	15	15
Kankanaey	10	5	5	10	5	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	70	30	35	50	25	25
Pangasinan	5	5	5	5	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,345	1,520	1,825	2,705	1,235	1,465
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	5	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	20	10	10
Creole languages	215	90	120	200	85	115
Haitian Creole	80	40	45	80	40	40
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	5	0	0
Krio	10	5	5	10	5	5
Morisyen	25	15	10	20	15	10
Sango	15	5	10	15	5	10
Creole, n.o.s.	50	20	35	45	15	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	25	10	20
Dravidian languages	1,800	910	890	1,345	680	665
Kannada	55	30	30	25	10	15
Malayalam	850	445	405	715	375	340
Tamil	590	275	315	420	190	230
Telugu	305	165	140	180	100	85
Tulu	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Georgian	10	5	5	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	51,730	24,760	26,965	40,985	19,650	21,330
Albanian	795	380	415	685	320	360
Armenian	165	85	85	125	60	65
Balto-Slavic languages	12,930	6,080	6,850	10,140	4,785	5,355
Baltic languages	155	60	90	115	40	70
Latvian	50	20	30	45	15	30
Lithuanian	105	45	60	65	25	40
Slavic languages	12,775	6,015	6,765	10,025	4,740	5,285
Belarusian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	120	65	60	55	25	30
Czech	420	195	230	375	175	200
Macedonian	225	95	125	160	65	90
Polish	3,670	1,705	1,965	2,815	1,315	1,500
Russian	1,605	725	875	950	435	515
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5,910	2,865	3,045	5,095	2,470	2,630
Bosnian	600	310	295	545	275	270
Croatian	1,895	865	1,030	1,610	735	875
Serbian	3,365	1,665	1,700	2,900	1,440	1,465
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	45	25	25	45	25	20
Slovak	165	75	90	95	45	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	125	50	75	105	45	65
Ukrainian	520	230	290	355	160	195
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	15	5	5
Celtic languages	20	10	15	20	10	5
Irish	10	5	0	10	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	695	310	380	445	195	250
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	365	160	205	260	115	140
German	360	160	205	255	115	140
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	295	135	160	170	75	95
Afrikaans	150	75	75	90	40	50
Dutch	140	60	85	80	30	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	20	10	5	10
Danish	15	10	5	5	5	5
Icelandic	5	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	10	5	10	10	0	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	665	300	365	535	240	300
Indo-Iranian languages	19,525	9,925	9,600	15,395	7,920	7,475
Indo-Aryan languages	15,835	8,090	7,745	12,545	6,480	6,055
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	980	485	495	830	405	425
Gujarati	2,495	1,435	1,060	2,165	1,280	885
Hindi	1,605	815	790	1,045	545	500
Kacchi	35	15	20	15	5	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	15	5	5	10	0	5
Marathi	130	60	65	65	35	35
Nepali	255	135	120	225	120	105
Oriya languages	10	5	5	10	5	0
Odia	5	5	5	5	0	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,795	2,920	2,875	4,500	2,300	2,205
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	70	35	35	65	35	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	235	110	125	175	85	95
Urdu	4,175	2,050	2,125	3,405	1,665	1,745
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	30	10	15
Iranian languages	3,690	1,835	1,855	2,850	1,435	1,420
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	745	390	355	720	380	340
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	285	145	140	195	105	85
Persian languages	2,650	1,295	1,360	1,935	950	985
Dari	960	475	485	805	405	405
Iranian Persian	1,395	690	710	875	440	435
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	295	130	165	255	110	140
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	16,930	7,675	9,255	13,650	6,120	7,525
Catalan	10	5	0	10	5	0
Italian	4,045	1,575	2,470	3,810	1,475	2,335
Portuguese	4,030	1,925	2,105	3,275	1,570	1,705
Romanian	1,040	490	550	745	355	385
Spanish	7,790	3,675	4,115	5,795	2,710	3,085
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	15	10	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	155	65	95	100	40	55
Korean	1,775	805	970	1,150	520	635
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	735	325	410	670	295	375
Akan (Twi)	120	55	65	105	50	60
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	5	5	0	5
Éwé	5	0	5	5	0	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	5	15	10	5
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	15	5	10	10	5	5
Gikuyu	10	5	5	5	0	0
Igbo	40	15	20	35	20	25
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	20	25	35	15	20
Lingala	10	5	10	10	5	10
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	5	0	5	0	0	5
Ndebele	20	5	10	15	5	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	20	30	15	20
Shona	75	30	45	65	30	35
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	5	0	0
Swahili	220	100	120	205	90	115
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	75	35	40	70	30	40
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	30	15	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	75	40	35	75	40	35
Dinka	5	0	0	5	0	0
Nuer	15	15	5	15	15	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	55	25	25
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	320	180	140	235	135	95
American Sign Language	245	125	120	175	90	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	55	20	60	45	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,905	3,885	4,015	5,930	2,960	2,970
Chinese languages	7,600	3,740	3,860	5,650	2,825	2,830
Hakka	5	10	0	10	5	0
Mandarin	5,375	2,705	2,675	3,840	1,985	1,860
Min Dong	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	95	45	50	80	40	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	40	20	20	25	15	10
Yue (Cantonese)	1,970	915	1,065	1,600	735	865
Chinese, n.o.s.	100	45	50	90	45	45
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	300	145	155	280	140	145
Burmese	65	30	35	60	25	35
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	210	105	105	210	105	105
S'gaw Karen	160	80	85	160	80	85
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	50	25	25
Tibetan	10	5	5	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	15	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	365	175	190	340	165	175
Lao	175	85	90	170	85	85
Thai	185	85	95	160	80	85
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	5	0	5
Turkic languages	865	410	450	560	270	290
Azerbaijani	35	10	20	25	10	20
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	805	385	420	510	255	260
Uyghur	15	5	5	10	5	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	10	5	0
Uralic languages	880	400	485	725	315	405
Estonian	20	10	10	15	5	5
Finnish	30	10	15	5	0	5
Hungarian	835	375	465	710	310	395
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	5	5	0
Multiple responses	28,625	13,715	14,910	22,030	10,635	11,390
English and French	1,260	550	715	880	390	490
English and non-official language(s)	26,365	12,710	13,650	20,345	9,875	10,470
French and non-official language(s)	145	65	80	120	55	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	360	155	205	280	120	160
Multiple non-official languages	495	240	260	400	195	205
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	777,055	379,750	397,305	563,820	277,035	286,780
None	665,505	326,220	339,285	479,115	236,000	243,120
English	36,750	18,030	18,720	28,655	14,130	14,530
French	5,880	2,530	3,350	3,895	1,710	2,180
Non-official language	56,165	26,815	29,355	42,545	20,480	22,065
Indigenous³⁹	80	35	50	75	30	45
Non-Indigenous	56,090	26,785	29,305	42,465	20,450	22,020
English and French	515	240	280	380	180	205
English and non-official language(s)	4,875	2,430	2,445	3,880	1,940	1,945
French and non-official language(s)	1,900	785	1,115	1,280	530	745
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	55	40	75	50	30
Multiple non-official languages	5,360	2,650	2,710	3,985	2,020	1,960
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	773,440	378,335	395,105	560,915	275,895	285,020
Official languages	761,265	373,490	387,775	550,630	271,820	278,805
English	760,760	373,290	387,465	550,185	271,650	278,535
French	50,245	21,245	28,995	32,885	14,015	18,865
Non-official languages	230,945	110,905	120,035	177,580	85,870	91,710
Indigenous languages³⁹	260	100	165	250	90	160
Algonquian languages	85	15	70	80	15	65
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	75	15	60	65	10	55
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	10	0	10	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	70	15	55	60	10	50
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	65	15	50	60	10	50
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	15	10	20	15	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	20	15	10	20	15	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	130	50	80	130	50	80
Cayuga	45	20	20	45	20	20
Mohawk	95	25	70	95	25	70
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	15	0	20	15	0
Non-Indigenous languages	230,725	110,830	119,895	177,370	85,800	91,570
Afro-Asiatic languages	29,645	14,915	14,735	24,420	12,305	12,120
Berber languages	90	30	55	70	25	45
Kabyle	70	25	45	50	15	35
Tamazight	10	0	10	10	0	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	145	70	75	125	55	75
Hausa	145	70	75	125	55	75
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	70	35	30	45	25	25
Cushitic languages	1,995	950	1,045	1,930	920	1,010
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	165	70	95	160	70	90
Somali	1,880	890	990	1,815	860	955
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	27,640	13,965	13,680	22,525	11,415	11,115
Amharic	430	205	220	375	180	195
Arabic	23,980	12,140	11,835	19,205	9,760	9,450
Aramaic languages	4,125	2,035	2,090	3,975	1,960	2,015
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	3,385	1,670	1,715	3,295	1,615	1,675
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	590	290	300	555	275	280
Aramaic, n.o.s.	205	100	105	180	95	85
Harari	20	10	10	10	0	10
Hebrew	795	420	375	640	340	300
Maltese	240	125	120	145	80	70
Tigrigna	275	145	130	260	140	115
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	6,160	2,890	3,275	5,560	2,630	2,930
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,030	475	555	970	450	520
Vietnamese	5,180	2,435	2,740	4,635	2,205	2,430
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	11,095	4,595	6,495	8,810	3,745	5,070
Bikol	25	15	10	25	15	10
Bisaya, n.o.s.	125	40	85	75	20	50
Cebuano	505	200	305	365	145	220
Fijian	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	160	60	100	80	35	40
Ilocano	865	385	475	740	335	410
Indonesian	175	85	90	120	55	65
Kankanaey	20	10	10	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	130	70	60	85	45	40
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	190	75	115	120	45	75
Pangasinan	95	25	70	75	20	55
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,450	4,315	6,135	8,370	3,550	4,825
Waray-Waray	40	10	30	35	10	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	365	165	195	295	135	165
Creole languages	1,340	675	675	1,180	590	595
Haitian Creole	370	190	175	345	180	165
Jamaican English Creole	205	110	90	175	90	80
Krio	40	20	15	40	20	15
Morisyen	75	40	35	45	30	20
Sango	75	15	60	75	15	60
Creole, n.o.s.	405	195	210	350	165	180
Creole languages, n.i.e.	250	135	110	220	120	100
Dravidian languages	4,465	2,255	2,210	3,160	1,555	1,605
Kannada	390	190	200	210	100	110
Malayalam	1,685	835	850	1,365	665	700
Tamil	1,965	1,005	960	1,310	650	660
Telugu	915	515	405	640	360	280
Tulu	35	20	15	20	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	153,755	74,440	79,315	116,085	56,610	59,475
Albanian	2,020	1,010	1,005	1,775	885	880
Armenian	535	250	285	410	205	210
Balto-Slavic languages	38,850	18,055	20,795	28,630	13,305	15,325
Baltic languages	900	325	575	675	240	435
Latvian	330	140	190	265	115	150
Lithuanian	565	190	375	410	130	280
Slavic languages	38,040	17,760	20,280	28,010	13,080	14,925
Belarusian	70	25	45	50	15	30
Bulgarian	405	215	185	190	110	80
Czech	1,390	660	725	1,035	510	525
Macedonian	905	390	515	590	235	350
Polish	11,995	5,420	6,575	8,515	3,830	4,685
Russian	4,630	2,140	2,495	2,970	1,365	1,605
Rusyn	10	10	0	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian	16,510	8,035	8,480	13,130	6,345	6,785
Bosnian	2,010	1,025	980	1,680	850	830
Croatian	8,035	3,920	4,115	6,050	2,900	3,155
Serbian	8,565	4,180	4,385	7,040	3,440	3,600
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	180	95	90	155	85	70
Slovak	805	375	430	515	245	265
Slovene (Slovenian)	815	345	470	630	255	380
Ukrainian	3,245	1,365	1,875	2,175	935	1,235
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	45	25	25
Celtic languages	255	95	160	150	60	85
Irish	135	55	80	80	35	45
Scottish Gaelic	25	0	25	10	0	10
Welsh	55	25	35	25	15	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	35	15	25	30	15	20
Germanic languages	13,715	6,425	7,295	9,005	4,275	4,730
Frisian	205	90	115	145	45	95
High German languages	8,210	3,920	4,290	5,570	2,705	2,865
German	8,120	3,875	4,240	5,500	2,670	2,830
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	110	50	60	60	30	30
Yiddish	40	25	20	40	25	20
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,055	2,360	2,690	3,115	1,450	1,665
Afrikaans	790	390	400	430	215	215
Dutch	4,125	1,900	2,225	2,585	1,190	1,395
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	40	20	20	30	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	130	75	55	75	40	35
Scandinavian languages	725	320	405	410	190	225
Danish	330	150	180	205	95	110
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	140	60	80	90	45	45
Swedish	310	125	190	170	55	115
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	20	0	15
Greek	3,090	1,555	1,545	2,445	1,235	1,210
Indo-Iranian languages	42,075	21,685	20,395	31,905	16,565	15,340
Indo-Aryan languages	35,260	18,250	17,010	26,500	13,815	12,690
Assamese	45	35	10	15	15	0
Bengali	2,345	1,245	1,105	1,980	1,030	945
Gujarati	4,815	2,705	2,110	3,860	2,245	1,615
Hindi	13,775	7,250	6,525	9,930	5,315	4,625
Kacchi	195	100	95	130	65	65
Kashmiri	35	15	20	0	0	0
Konkani	130	60	75	75	40	40
Marathi	655	335	320	310	155	160
Nepali	480	215	260	395	180	215
Oriya languages	50	25	25	30	15	15
Odia	30	15	10	15	15	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	10	15	15	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,530	7,070	6,465	10,420	5,485	4,935
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	275	145	130	190	95	95
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	805	405	405	455	225	230
Urdu	11,120	5,550	5,575	8,655	4,290	4,365
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	195	120	75	170	100	75
Iranian languages	7,465	3,745	3,725	5,890	2,985	2,910
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,860	1,000	860	1,715	920	795
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	655	365	285	495	295	200
Persian languages	5,270	2,575	2,690	3,950	1,940	2,010
Dari	2,215	1,045	1,170	1,810	860	955
Iranian Persian	2,740	1,410	1,330	1,885	990	895
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	420	175	240	350	140	210
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	40	20	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	65	30	35
Italic (Romance) languages	57,325	27,395	29,935	44,765	21,575	23,190
Catalan	35	20	15	30	20	10
Italian	22,100	10,765	11,340	18,250	8,915	9,340
Portuguese	12,415	6,055	6,360	9,945	4,870	5,075
Romanian	2,970	1,380	1,585	2,215	1,055	1,155
Spanish	22,015	10,260	11,755	15,850	7,500	8,350
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	175	115	60	155	110	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	50	35	15	40	30	10
Japanese	1,245	600	645	930	445	485
Korean	3,220	1,425	1,795	2,015	890	1,135
Mongolian	25	10	10	10	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5,700	2,590	3,110	4,870	2,175	2,695
Akan (Twi)	655	305	345	530	240	285
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	110	30	80	95	30	65
Éwé	45	30	15	45	30	15
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	25	30	55	25	30
Ga	100	50	50	90	40	45
Ganda	175	70	100	145	65	85
Gikuyu	115	60	55	60	30	30
Igbo	505	225	280	415	180	235
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	205	90	115	200	90	110
Lingala	395	185	210	350	165	195
Luba-Kasai	40	10	25	30	10	20
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	10	0	0	10	0	0
Ndebele	85	40	45	80	40	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	225	85	140	225	85	140
Shona	415	185	230	345	150	190
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	30	15	40	25	15
Swahili	1,445	610	835	1,230	495	735
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	25	10	15	20	10	15
Yoruba	1,315	640	675	1,130	540	590
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	715	345	370	565	260	310
Nilo-Saharan languages	280	140	145	215	115	100
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	25	10	15	25	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	255	130	125	190	100	85
African, n.o.s.	45	25	20	45	25	20
Sign languages	1,115	470	640	855	375	480
American Sign Language	970	405	560	720	310	410
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	185	95	85	170	90	70
Sino-Tibetan languages	13,915	6,830	7,085	10,240	5,200	5,040
Chinese languages	13,370	6,585	6,785	9,745	4,970	4,775
Hakka	105	65	45	70	45	30
Mandarin	9,565	4,645	4,925	6,825	3,455	3,370
Min Dong	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	310	150	160	215	110	105
Wu (Shanghainese)	80	35	45	25	10	20
Yue (Cantonese)	4,900	2,405	2,490	3,745	1,890	1,860
Chinese, n.o.s.	115	65	40	80	55	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	550	255	300	500	235	265
Burmese	130	50	80	105	40	65
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	350	165	190	350	165	190
S'gaw Karen	305	150	150	305	150	150
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	10	35	50	10	35
Tibetan	50	35	15	45	25	10
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	30	15	15
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	850	415	435	745	380	365
Lao	530	240	290	485	225	260
Thai	385	195	185	315	175	140
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	2,505	1,255	1,245	1,690	875	820
Azerbaijani	185	100	85	145	75	65
Kazakh	30	0	25	20	0	15
Turkish	2,280	1,145	1,135	1,485	765	725
Uyghur	75	40	30	65	40	30
Uzbek	55	20	35	30	15	15
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	45	25	20
Uralic languages	3,655	1,665	1,980	2,780	1,245	1,535
Estonian	210	85	120	155	65	95
Finnish	200	85	110	105	45	65
Hungarian	3,250	1,500	1,750	2,515	1,135	1,375
Other languages, n.i.e.	90	30	60	60	20	40
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	773,440	378,335	395,100	560,915	275,895	285,020
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,420	6,870	8,555	12,520	5,555	6,960
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,640	6,515	8,120	11,875	5,260	6,610
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,280	4,560	5,725	8,555	3,740	4,820
Métis	4,220	1,910	2,310	3,205	1,490	1,715
Inuk (Inuit)	135	45	90	120	35	75
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	220	100	120	185	100	85
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	565	250	315	460	190	265
Non-Indigenous identity	758,015	371,470	386,550	548,395	270,340	278,055
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	773,440	378,335	395,100	560,915	275,895	285,020
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,440	2,380	3,065	4,630	1,965	2,670
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	768,000	375,960	392,040	556,285	273,935	282,350
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
Owner	210,785	...	...	146,410	...	...
Renter	96,600	...	...	76,400	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
Condominium	44,575	...	...	24,715	...	...
Not condominium	262,810	...	...	198,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
No bedrooms	1,870	...	...	1,710	...	...
1 bedroom	41,595	...	...	32,400	...	...
2 bedrooms	64,610	...	...	46,450	...	...
3 bedrooms	120,515	...	...	87,970	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	78,790	...	...	54,285	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	78,400	...	...	59,720	...	...
5 rooms	43,860	...	...	32,115	...	...
6 rooms	46,075	...	...	33,885	...	...
7 rooms	41,425	...	...	29,990	...	...
8 or more rooms	97,625	...	...	67,090	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
One person or fewer per room	301,090	...	...	217,400	...	...
More than one person per room	6,295	...	...	5,410	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
Suitable	290,775	...	...	208,980	...	...
Not suitable	16,610	...	...	13,825	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
1960 or before	85,650	...	...	73,110	...	...
1961 to 1980	89,530	...	...	62,560	...	...
1981 to 1990	36,315	...	...	24,990	...	...
1991 to 2000	33,260	...	...	21,365	...	...
2001 to 2005	17,875	...	...	10,395	...	...
2006 to 2010	15,480	...	...	9,470	...	...
2011 to 2015	14,405	...	...	10,035	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	14,870	...	...	10,880	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	289,280	...	...	208,115	...	...
Major repairs needed	18,100	...	...	14,690	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
One-maintainer household	150,905	...	...	111,335	...	...
Two-maintainer household	142,530	...	...	100,050	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	13,945	...	...	11,425	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
15 to 24 years	5,620	...	...	5,070	...	...
25 to 34 years	39,455	...	...	31,165	...	...
35 to 44 years	52,425	...	...	37,845	...	...
45 to 54 years	56,550	...	...	39,770	...	...
55 to 64 years	63,560	...	...	45,975	...	...
65 to 74 years	48,775	...	...	35,140	...	...
75 to 84 years	29,160	...	...	19,640	...	...
85 years and over	11,825	...	...	8,210	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	305,450	...	...	221,115	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	235,095	...	...	169,815	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	70,360	...	...	51,305	...	...
30% to less than 100%	63,805	...	...	46,570	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	307,380	...	...	222,805	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	95,510	...	...	72,120	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	62,380	...	...	44,970	...	...
Not suitable only	12,155	...	...	10,135	...	...
Major repairs needed only	11,700	...	...	9,570	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	2,875	...	...	2,330	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	4,825	...	...	3,755	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,300	...	...	1,115	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	280	...	...	250	...	...
Acceptable housing	211,870	...	...	150,685	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	298,900	...	...	216,390	...	...
In core need	34,555	...	...	28,055	...	...
Not in core need	264,340	...	...	188,335	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	210,270	...	...	145,955	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.2	...	...	60.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.8	...	...	15.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.1	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,690	...	...	1,606	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	755,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	826,000	...	...	752,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	96,540	...	...	76,345	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.0	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.0	...	...	37.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.1	...	...	27.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,120	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,328	...	...	1,233	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	773,440	378,340	395,100	560,915	275,895	285,015
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,935	2,115	2,825	4,280	1,805	2,475
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,860	2,080	2,785	4,205	1,770	2,440
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,140	1,740	2,400	3,650	1,500	2,150
Métis single ancestry	700	330	375	545	265	280
Inuit single ancestry	25	15	0	15	10	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	35	40	75	35	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	30	30	60	30	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	0	0	10	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	16,250	7,475	8,770	12,685	5,790	6,890
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15,815	7,300	8,515	12,305	5,640	6,665
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	12,520	5,795	6,720	9,965	4,575	5,390
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,215	1,490	1,720	2,285	1,055	1,225
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	20	65	55	10	50
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	430	175	260	380	155	225
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	380	170	215	345	150	190
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	0	30	25	0	25
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	752,250	368,750	383,505	543,950	268,300	275,645
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	773,440	378,340	395,105	560,920	275,900	285,020
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	715,200	349,405	365,795	515,585	253,005	262,580
Canadian citizens aged under 18	143,935	74,045	69,885	103,540	53,195	50,340
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	571,270	275,360	295,905	412,045	199,805	212,235
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	58,240	28,930	29,310	45,335	22,895	22,440
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	773,440	378,340	395,105	560,920	275,900	285,020
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	561,180	276,500	284,680	402,725	199,210	203,520
Immigrants⁸¹	197,845	93,805	104,045	145,550	69,580	75,965
Before 1980	56,360	26,310	30,055	40,080	18,955	21,130
1980 to 1990	22,965	11,125	11,840	17,010	8,365	8,645
1991 to 2000	33,875	15,970	17,905	25,760	12,200	13,560
2001 to 2010	38,275	18,045	20,230	28,030	13,215	14,815
2011 to 2021⁸²	46,365	22,355	24,010	34,665	16,845	17,820
2011 to 2015	19,820	9,510	10,315	14,520	6,970	7,555
2016 to 2021	26,545	12,850	13,695	20,145	9,880	10,265
Non-permanent residents⁸³	14,410	8,030	6,385	12,640	7,110	5,535
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	197,845	93,805	104,040	145,545	69,580	75,970
Under 5 years	21,575	10,835	10,735	15,455	7,855	7,605
5 to 14 years	39,590	19,710	19,885	29,435	14,690	14,750
15 to 24 years	41,970	18,915	23,055	31,895	14,565	17,325
25 to 44 years	79,550	37,320	42,230	57,530	27,310	30,220
45 years and over	15,160	7,025	8,135	11,230	5,160	6,070
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	197,845	93,805	104,040	145,545	69,580	75,970
Americas	27,195	12,410	14,785	19,750	9,215	10,540
Brazil	870	400	465	480	220	255
Colombia	2,825	1,290	1,535	1,935	900	1,030
El Salvador	1,920	955	965	1,810	910	895
Guyana	1,775	755	1,020	1,425	635	790
Haiti	295	155	135	285	150	135
Jamaica	4,160	1,980	2,180	3,355	1,640	1,715
Mexico	1,240	570	670	760	355	410
Peru	545	220	320	250	105	140
Trinidad and Tobago	1,910	840	1,070	1,345	590	755
United States of America	5,895	2,495	3,400	4,040	1,720	2,320
Other places of birth in Americas	5,765	2,750	3,020	4,075	1,975	2,100
Europe	79,505	37,635	41,870	56,750	27,035	29,715
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,110	1,480	1,625	2,575	1,205	1,370
Croatia	4,895	2,465	2,425	4,040	2,025	2,015
France	635	295	340	415	205	215
Germany	3,850	1,845	2,010	2,630	1,305	1,325
Greece	1,420	695	730	1,105	535	575
Hungary	1,500	685	810	1,150	535	615
Italy	10,135	5,105	5,035	8,900	4,415	4,485
Netherlands	3,230	1,670	1,560	2,080	1,080	1,000
Poland	7,550	3,300	4,250	5,395	2,375	3,025
Portugal	6,500	3,110	3,385	5,480	2,625	2,855
Romania	2,520	1,140	1,380	1,830	855	980
Russian Federation	1,225	495	735	735	300	430
Serbia⁸⁶	2,450	1,190	1,255	2,015	995	1,020
Ukraine	1,285	525	760	855	335	515
United Kingdom⁸⁷	21,255	10,000	11,250	12,200	5,770	6,430
Other places of birth in Europe	7,955	3,635	4,320	5,335	2,480	2,860
Africa	14,735	7,155	7,575	11,325	5,520	5,805
Algeria	190	95	100	150	80	70
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	750	275	475	715	255	455
Egypt	2,285	1,220	1,065	1,155	660	490
Eritrea	200	115	85	200	115	80
Ethiopia	545	250	295	500	225	275
Morocco	280	145	130	210	110	100
Nigeria	2,055	970	1,090	1,755	840	920
Somalia	990	430	560	960	420	540
South Africa, Republic of	1,590	805	780	895	480	415
Other places of birth in Africa	5,845	2,845	3,005	4,790	2,335	2,455
Asia	75,670	36,240	39,430	57,220	27,575	29,645
Afghanistan	1,640	810	830	1,320	650	670
Iran⁸⁸	2,170	1,100	1,070	1,445	745	705
Iraq	6,635	3,280	3,360	5,715	2,830	2,890
Lebanon	1,595	875	720	1,185	620	565
Syria⁸⁹	3,935	2,005	1,930	3,565	1,810	1,755
Turkey	1,030	515	510	655	320	340
China⁹⁰	6,215	2,800	3,415	4,100	1,895	2,200
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,090	545	545	750	370	385
Korea, South⁹²	2,170	985	1,185	1,245	570	675
Taiwan	445	180	265	275	105	165
Philippines	10,570	4,395	6,180	8,255	3,480	4,770
Viet Nam	3,830	1,700	2,125	3,375	1,510	1,860
Bangladesh	1,345	735	615	1,185	645	540
India	15,810	7,975	7,840	10,930	5,575	5,360
Pakistan	6,720	3,450	3,270	5,295	2,680	2,620
Sri Lanka	1,230	575	650	755	360	400
Other places of birth in Asia	9,230	4,320	4,915	7,160	3,410	3,750
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	750	365	380	505	240	270
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	26,545	12,850	13,695	20,145	9,880	10,270
Americas	3,435	1,650	1,790	2,560	1,260	1,300
Brazil	330	150	180	185	80	110
Colombia	410	175	240	325	145	180
Haiti	35	20	20	35	15	20
Jamaica	560	300	260	520	280	245
Mexico	215	120	100	120	80	45
United States of America	855	410	440	615	305	310
Venezuela⁹⁵	195	75	120	90	35	55
Other places of birth in Americas	835	400	440	675	330	345
Europe	2,690	1,425	1,260	1,815	975	835
France	140	65	70	90	40	50
Germany	75	45	30	50	25	30
Ireland⁹⁶	90	65	25	60	45	20
Italy	50	40	15	25	15	10
Russian Federation	165	65	100	75	35	45
Ukraine	165	65	100	110	50	60
United Kingdom⁸⁷	575	350	230	340	220	125
Other places of birth in Europe	1,425	735	690	1,060	550	505
Africa	3,940	1,870	2,065	3,175	1,510	1,665
Algeria	70	35	35	70	35	35
Burundi	120	65	60	120	65	60
Cameroon	70	40	30	70	35	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	265	110	150	260	110	150
Côte d'Ivoire	40	15	25	30	15	20
Egypt	575	290	285	250	135	115
Eritrea	75	45	30	75	45	30
Ethiopia	110	55	55	100	50	55
Morocco	55	20	30	45	15	30
Nigeria	1,070	480	590	915	415	505
Somalia	230	95	135	230	95	135
South Africa, Republic of	245	160	85	145	100	50
Sudan⁹⁷	290	110	185	285	110	175
Tunisia	35	15	20	30	15	10
Other places of birth in Africa	685	330	350	560	280	285
Asia	16,390	7,860	8,535	12,530	6,100	6,435
Afghanistan	310	135	170	220	105	115
Bangladesh	195	110	80	165	100	70
China⁹⁰	925	410	515	580	270	310
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	10	20	25	10	15
India	4,780	2,410	2,365	3,205	1,650	1,555
Iran⁸⁸	215	95	125	125	50	70
Iraq	1,045	450	590	905	400	510
Israel	40	10	30	25	0	20
Japan	15	0	15	15	0	15
Jordan	250	125	130	215	110	100
Korea, South⁹²	295	140	155	145	75	75
Lebanon	230	125	110	175	90	85
Nepal	70	25	45	70	25	45
Pakistan	835	420	415	665	330	335
Philippines	2,225	960	1,260	1,790	815	975
Saudi Arabia	290	155	135	250	135	110
Sri Lanka	95	55	45	55	35	25
Syria⁸⁹	2,865	1,495	1,375	2,645	1,390	1,250
Turkey	300	170	135	170	90	75
United Arab Emirates	315	150	165	225	110	115
Viet Nam	280	95	185	250	75	170
Other places of birth in Asia	780	310	465	615	240	380
Oceania and other⁹³	90	45	40	60	30	35
Australia	50	35	20	35	20	20
Other places of birth⁹⁸	35	15	20	30	15	15
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	773,440	378,335	395,105	560,915	275,895	285,020
First generation¹⁰⁰	218,870	104,940	113,925	162,645	78,780	83,870
Second generation¹⁰¹	193,765	95,780	97,985	139,670	69,440	70,230
Third generation or more¹⁰²	360,810	177,610	183,190	258,600	127,675	130,925
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	141,480	67,500	73,985	105,470	50,625	54,845
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	62,880	31,325	31,560	41,900	20,975	20,920
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	24,750	15,190	9,555	16,650	10,110	6,535
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	38,135	16,135	22,000	25,250	10,860	14,385
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	40,085	16,735	23,350	30,555	12,960	17,595
Refugees¹⁰⁸	36,480	18,495	17,975	31,240	15,870	15,365
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	2,040	940	1,095	1,775	820	955
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	141,480	67,500	73,985	105,470	50,625	54,845
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	11,790	5,860	5,925	9,635	4,780	4,855
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	12,205	5,645	6,560	8,575	3,975	4,600
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	3,510	1,730	1,785	2,420	1,175	1,245
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	6,580	3,130	3,455	4,795	2,310	2,485
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	970	420	550	755	345	415
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	106,430	50,715	55,715	79,290	38,040	41,245
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	773,440	378,335	395,100	560,915	275,895	285,020
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	182,115	89,720	92,400	140,950	70,135	70,820
South Asian	47,635	24,625	23,010	34,790	18,200	16,590
Chinese	15,550	7,625	7,925	10,945	5,530	5,415
Black	33,510	16,360	17,155	28,415	13,930	14,485
Filipino	14,960	6,710	8,250	11,730	5,330	6,400
Arab	19,720	10,085	9,645	15,490	7,935	7,555
Latin American	14,605	6,970	7,640	11,145	5,345	5,800
Southeast Asian	9,675	4,670	5,010	8,445	4,155	4,290
West Asian	8,900	4,350	4,550	7,365	3,625	3,740
Korean	3,800	1,715	2,085	2,365	1,085	1,285
Japanese	1,715	755	955	1,160	505	655
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	4,265	2,080	2,185	3,270	1,620	1,650
Multiple visible minorities	7,775	3,775	4,000	5,825	2,875	2,950
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	591,320	288,620	302,705	419,965	205,760	214,205
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	773,440	378,335	395,105	560,915	275,900	285,020
Canadian	96,885	48,280	48,610	70,105	35,100	35,005
English	163,070	79,480	83,585	111,305	54,205	57,100
Irish	122,800	57,930	64,865	84,385	39,895	44,490
Scottish	131,080	62,430	68,655	90,565	43,070	47,495
French, n.o.s.¹²²	44,915	21,205	23,710	31,355	14,885	16,475
German	63,820	31,165	32,655	44,145	21,900	22,240
Chinese	17,570	8,510	9,060	12,475	6,230	6,250
Italian	80,165	40,340	39,825	61,195	30,775	30,420
Indian (India)	26,835	13,940	12,895	19,105	10,175	8,935
Ukrainian	26,060	12,360	13,700	17,025	8,100	8,925
Dutch	35,030	17,250	17,790	25,080	12,305	12,775
Polish	39,055	18,480	20,565	27,100	12,860	14,240
Québécois	960	470	490	695	320	375
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	34,820	16,680	18,135	22,210	10,700	11,515
Filipino	14,850	6,635	8,215	11,500	5,215	6,280
French Canadian	10,335	4,805	5,530	7,095	3,220	3,880
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10,275	5,075	5,205	7,645	3,730	3,915
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,440	3,320	4,120	5,990	2,600	3,390
Métis	4,380	2,020	2,360	3,245	1,500	1,745
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	10,075	5,075	5,000	7,105	3,605	3,495
Russian	8,315	3,880	4,440	5,575	2,590	2,985
Norwegian	3,680	1,755	1,920	2,475	1,215	1,260
Welsh	13,570	6,415	7,150	9,035	4,385	4,645
Portuguese	20,955	10,485	10,470	16,070	8,075	7,995
American	8,330	3,955	4,370	5,350	2,565	2,795
Spanish	8,440	3,905	4,535	5,930	2,765	3,170
Swedish	4,140	1,755	2,385	2,825	1,190	1,640
Hungarian	13,750	6,655	7,095	10,095	4,860	5,235
Acadian	1,965	830	1,130	1,410	590	820
Pakistani	8,820	4,430	4,395	6,770	3,385	3,385
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	6,610	3,240	3,365	5,380	2,655	2,725
Jewish	4,480	2,210	2,270	3,355	1,680	1,675
Punjabi	4,005	2,105	1,905	2,795	1,465	1,330
Vietnamese	6,540	3,180	3,355	5,640	2,785	2,855
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	7,520	3,840	3,675	5,855	2,960	2,895
Greek	7,150	3,635	3,515	5,190	2,685	2,505
Jamaican	9,530	4,740	4,785	7,750	3,890	3,865
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	3,290	1,685	1,605	2,475	1,240	1,235
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	580	245	335	420	175	245
Korean	3,725	1,690	2,030	2,325	1,075	1,255
Romanian	6,135	2,810	3,325	4,620	2,145	2,475
Lebanese	3,255	1,660	1,595	2,265	1,150	1,115
Iranian	2,610	1,265	1,350	1,790	890	900
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	3,960	1,985	1,975	3,090	1,530	1,555
Danish	3,290	1,635	1,650	2,020	1,000	1,020
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,200	1,480	1,720	2,840	1,325	1,515
Sikh	2,375	1,250	1,125	1,780	955	820
Austrian	4,770	2,275	2,495	3,095	1,475	1,625
Belgian	2,545	1,305	1,245	1,660	870	795
Haitian	475	270	205	440	240	195
Hindu	3,155	1,695	1,455	1,990	1,055	930
Mexican	2,510	1,265	1,240	1,725	865	860
Mennonite	865	415	455	580	290	290
Swiss	2,595	1,235	1,365	1,715	805	910
Finnish	2,865	1,415	1,455	1,910	935	975
Sri Lankan	1,415	670	745	1,005	475	530
Croatian	12,670	6,255	6,415	9,145	4,455	4,685
Japanese	2,325	1,040	1,285	1,560	695	865
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,150	1,030	1,120	1,530	700	830
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,155	475	675	825	330	495
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,940	920	1,015	1,380	685	695
Muslim	2,950	1,525	1,415	2,390	1,235	1,155
Egyptian	3,335	1,705	1,630	1,765	935	830
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	2,890	1,395	1,500	2,155	1,040	1,115
Tamil	755	370	390	440	215	220
Icelandic	870	410	455	530	265	270
Colombian	3,145	1,440	1,705	2,145	965	1,180
Moroccan	395	225	175	305	175	130
Czech	3,255	1,545	1,710	2,200	1,090	1,115
Syrian	3,340	1,715	1,620	2,775	1,450	1,325
Guyanese	2,900	1,435	1,470	2,170	1,090	1,080
Afghan	2,765	1,315	1,450	2,195	1,050	1,145
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,065	990	1,080	1,695	810	885
Serbian	9,720	4,845	4,880	7,990	4,005	3,975
Ojibway	1,170	535	635	990	435	555
Newfoundlander	1,310	615	700	1,005	480	525
Hong Konger	440	235	205	340	180	160
Ontarian	3,050	1,505	1,540	2,240	1,120	1,120
Persian	1,380	690	690	935	475	465
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,645	1,190	1,455	1,760	770	990
Turkish	2,275	1,075	1,195	1,470	685	790
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	170	45	130	125	25	100
Bangladeshi	1,395	710	680	1,215	625	590
Algerian	210	130	85	140	90	45
Brazilian	1,465	710	755	960	470	490
Nigerian	1,905	915	990	1,540	760	785
Armenian	1,475	710	765	1,030	480	545
Slovak	2,890	1,445	1,450	1,910	985	925
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	1,895	885	1,015	1,340	635	705
Somali	1,895	880	1,015	1,840	860	980
Taiwanese	440	205	230	300	155	150
Iraqi	3,810	1,890	1,920	3,230	1,610	1,620
Salvadorean	2,365	1,120	1,255	2,175	1,035	1,140
African Caribbean	1,295	620	670	970	435	535
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	775	345	425	655	305	350
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,430	1,225	1,210	1,970	965	1,005
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,340	680	660	900	480	425
Algonquin	380	155	230	325	125	205
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,135	565	575	815	380	435
Lithuanian	2,765	1,240	1,525	2,115	940	1,170
South African	1,520	815	700	920	510	410
Australian	1,090	535	555	670	335	335
Palestinian	2,310	1,145	1,165	1,835	915	920
Chilean	675	315	365	480	230	245
Congolese	785	340	445	710	310	400
Nova Scotian	745	320	425	535	230	300
Ethiopian	740	365	380	700	340	355
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,315	590	725	1,010	455	555
Peruvian	675	320	355	325	150	175
Yoruba	1,115	515	600	880	410	470
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,505	740	765	1,395	695	700
Berber	160	60	100	140	55	85
Albanian	1,770	900	870	1,430	720	715
Maltese	1,980	1,025	955	1,160	610	550
Macedonian	1,685	755	930	1,020	465	555
Slovenian	2,885	1,450	1,430	2,095	1,050	1,045
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	725	340	385	480	235	245
New Brunswicker	400	210	190	250	130	120
Gujarati	845	460	380	600	340	260
Eritrean	90	55	40	85	45	35
African Canadian	885	420	460	745	370	375
Israeli	465	235	235	310	165	145
Mohawk	1,520	755	770	1,330	640	685
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	950	435	510	615	315	300
Bulgarian	765	370	395	440	210	230
Albertan	75	30	45	50	20	30
Ghanaian	1,035	495	535	815	385	425
Barbadian	1,080	550	530	760	400	360
African American	1,000	460	540	925	435	490
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,515	670	845	1,060	485	580
Tunisian	130	60	60	115	60	55
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	870	430	440	610	295	315
Cuban	1,070	570	495	835	470	370
Bosnian	2,510	1,240	1,275	2,095	1,035	1,060
Venezuelan	740	370	375	405	195	210
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	10	0	10
Latvian	1,130	510	615	770	350	420
Bengali	555	270	280	420	215	205
Cameroonian	225	120	105	190	100	90
Guatemalan	680	280	400	565	245	325
Indonesian	410	150	255	230	90	145
Laotian	755	330	425	630	285	345
Ilocano	335	145	185	245	110	135
Northern Irish	1,050	510	540	670	320	350
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	590	305	285	390	205	185
British Columbian	35	0	30	10	0	10
Ecuadorian	450	225	225	345	185	165
Franco Ontarian	315	130	185	210	105	110
Argentinian	780	360	420	560	265	300
Estonian	1,200	570	635	775	365	410
Kurdish	1,770	905	875	1,640	835	805
Fijian	105	55	55	85	45	40
Jatt	200	115	85	170	95	75
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	345	135	205	215	100	115
Coptic	685	365	320	420	230	195
Thai	595	295	300	510	265	245
Dominican	565	285	280	420	215	205
Nepali	355	170	180	285	130	155
Kabyle	80	30	45	60	30	35
Assyrian	2,940	1,415	1,520	2,825	1,375	1,450
Igbo	630	260	370	510	225	285
Byelorussian	430	175	250	260	110	145
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	130	90	40	115	75	40
Abenaki	25	10	20	20	0	20
Moldovan	90	50	40	30	20	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	480	230	245	395	185	210
New Zealander	310	155	155	235	125	110
Sudanese	850	440	415	785	415	370
Breton	25	15	15	20	10	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	810	340	470	625	280	345
Malaysian	280	100	175	180	55	125
Plains Cree	20	10	10	20	10	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	230	105	120	165	75	95
Huron (Wendat)	65	25	40	20	0	15
Saskatchewanian	95	20	70	60	15	40
Buddhist	190	90	100	165	80	85
Gaspesian	45	20	25	30	10	20
Norman	115	65	45	70	40	30
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	400	225	180	345	205	145
Ivorian	65	20	45	60	20	40
Saulteaux	35	20	15	20	10	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	175	70	105	135	50	85
Burundian	165	65	100	165	65	100
Tigrinya	55	30	30	55	30	30
Nicaraguan	300	115	180	280	115	165
Mauritian	90	40	50	70	35	40
Kenyan	400	190	210	290	125	160
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	20	10	10
Vincentian	215	80	135	180	65	110
Jordanian	835	420	410	675	340	335
Manitoban	30	0	30	25	0	20
Cape Bretoner	195	90	105	145	75	70
Rwandan	130	55	80	115	45	70
Grenadian	375	250	120	300	205	95
Malayali	275	120	155	225	95	125
Chaldean	665	365	300	525	275	245
Sinhalese	390	185	200	200	95	110
Mayan	290	145	145	265	125	135
Honduran	350	175	180	335	170	170
Cherokee	250	95	150	225	95	125
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	75	35	40	55	30	20
Indo-Caribbean	250	110	135	150	75	75
Flemish	195	105	90	165	95	75
United Empire Loyalist	640	335	310	405	215	190
Senegalese	25	15	0	20	15	0
Azerbaijani	235	90	135	160	70	90
Sicilian	815	410	405	690	345	350
Pashtun	220	125	95	195	105	85
Malay	115	70	40	70	45	20
Goan	215	100	115	130	55	75
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	140	65	70	80	40	35
Tibetan	85	50	40	45	30	10
Zimbabwean	505	245	270	415	195	220
Burmese	395	175	215	310	140	165
Mongolian	125	55	70	70	30	45
Azorean	465	255	215	370	200	170
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	35	25	15	35	25	15
Indo-Guyanese	160	85	75	75	40	40
Ugandan	265	120	145	220	100	120
Oromo	100	35	60	95	35	60
Tanzanian	195	100	95	155	80	70
Yemeni	325	155	170	300	145	150
Central African	230	85	145	220	75	140
Libyan	190	115	80	185	110	75
Basque	60	35	25	35	20	15
Uruguayan	170	90	80	115	60	60
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	200	95	105	175	85	95
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	135	60	70	105	50	55
Igorot	185	80	105	145	75	75
Fulani	35	15	15	20	15	10
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	65	25	45	55	25	30
St. Lucian	185	105	80	120	75	45
Prince Edward Islander	155	65	90	105	50	60
Maliseet	75	35	35	65	30	30
Beninese	25	15	15	20	15	10
Telugu	90	50	35	50	40	15
Roma	405	185	220	350	165	195
Costa Rican	115	55	60	65	25	35
African Nova Scotian	50	25	30	40	15	25
Malagasy	20	0	20	0	0	0
Kashmiri	245	140	110	180	115	60
Singaporean	75	45	25	35	10	20
Karen	330	170	160	330	170	160
Edo	75	30	45	75	30	40
Tajik	150	75	80	150	75	75
Amhara	25	10	20	25	10	20
Paraguayan	25	0	25	10	0	10
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	773,440	378,335	395,100	560,915	275,895	285,020
Buddhist	5,960	2,680	3,275	4,765	2,205	2,560
Christian	434,730	202,355	232,370	309,780	144,770	165,010
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	56,065	26,620	29,445	41,245	19,570	21,670
Anabaptist	1,280	645	635	840	410	430
Anglican	33,705	14,905	18,800	21,295	9,420	11,875
Baptist	9,410	4,195	5,215	7,200	3,290	3,915
Catholic	225,465	106,735	118,725	162,525	77,020	85,505
Christian Orthodox	21,460	10,425	11,035	16,415	7,975	8,440
Jehovah's Witness	2,810	1,190	1,615	2,270	960	1,315
Latter Day Saints	910	415	495	710	325	385
Lutheran	4,840	2,055	2,785	3,160	1,350	1,815
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,375	610	765	1,010	465	545
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	8,360	3,690	4,670	6,480	2,900	3,580
Presbyterian	14,210	6,330	7,875	9,640	4,360	5,280
Reformed	6,335	3,185	3,145	4,760	2,420	2,340
United Church	30,670	13,050	17,620	19,525	8,425	11,105
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	17,835	8,295	9,535	12,700	5,880	6,820
Hindu	14,690	7,715	6,980	10,200	5,385	4,815
Jewish	3,880	1,915	1,965	3,045	1,500	1,545
Muslim	46,435	23,085	23,350	37,980	18,900	19,080
Sikh	9,590	4,985	4,605	7,270	3,860	3,410
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	385	140	245	375	140	240
Other religions and spiritual traditions	4,580	1,835	2,740	3,535	1,475	2,055
No religion and secular perspectives	253,190	133,630	119,560	183,965	97,665	86,300
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	766,235	374,625	391,610	555,450	273,075	282,375
Non-movers	685,000	334,515	350,490	495,370	243,215	252,160
Movers	81,240	40,115	41,120	60,080	29,860	30,220
Non-migrants	43,975	21,680	22,300	35,395	17,565	17,835
Migrants	37,260	18,440	18,820	24,685	12,300	12,385
Internal migrants	33,165	16,385	16,780	21,580	10,750	10,830
Intraprovincial migrants	30,970	15,340	15,635	20,000	9,995	10,005
Interprovincial migrants	2,190	1,045	1,140	1,580	755	825
External migrants	4,100	2,050	2,045	3,105	1,555	1,550
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	734,545	358,195	376,350	531,870	260,730	271,140
Non-movers	474,745	231,270	243,475	341,760	167,075	174,685
Movers	259,795	126,925	132,875	190,115	93,655	96,460
Non-migrants	120,375	58,755	61,620	96,295	47,350	48,945
Migrants	139,415	68,165	71,245	93,820	46,305	47,515
Internal migrants	108,805	52,585	56,215	69,700	33,865	35,830
Intraprovincial migrants	99,460	47,955	51,505	62,530	30,355	32,175
Interprovincial migrants	9,340	4,630	4,710	7,165	3,510	3,660
External migrants	30,615	15,580	15,030	24,125	12,440	11,685
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	647,770	313,715	334,055	469,795	229,015	240,785
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	110,500	56,070	54,435	88,770	44,785	43,990
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	537,270	257,645	279,620	381,025	184,230	196,795
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	414,960	202,305	212,655	303,410	148,745	154,665
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	41,740	22,640	19,100	35,835	19,280	16,560
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	373,220	179,665	193,555	267,570	129,465	138,105
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	647,770	313,720	334,055	469,795	229,015	240,780
No certificate, diploma or degree	100,565	50,295	50,265	80,780	40,260	40,515
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	176,420	88,255	88,165	131,010	66,735	64,275
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	370,790	175,165	195,620	258,000	122,010	135,990
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	191,260	94,095	97,165	139,515	68,780	70,730
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	34,345	24,580	9,760	26,335	18,895	7,440
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,415	10,085	6,330	12,585	7,790	4,800
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	17,925	14,495	3,430	13,745	11,105	2,640
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	143,125	63,085	80,035	103,665	45,455	58,210
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,790	6,425	7,370	9,515	4,430	5,085
Bachelor's degree or higher	179,530	81,075	98,455	118,490	53,230	65,260
Bachelor's degree	119,565	52,525	67,035	78,510	34,290	44,215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10,870	4,470	6,395	7,210	2,980	4,230
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	5,380	2,695	2,685	3,750	1,865	1,890
Master's degree	36,995	17,320	19,675	24,145	11,120	13,020
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	6,720	4,055	2,665	4,875	2,970	1,905
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	414,960	202,305	212,660	303,405	148,745	154,660
No certificate, diploma or degree	36,510	19,895	16,610	31,520	17,095	14,430
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	97,130	52,215	44,915	74,815	40,435	34,375
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	281,320	130,190	151,135	197,070	91,215	105,855
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	138,855	67,790	71,065	103,130	50,255	52,880
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	21,540	15,310	6,225	16,895	11,940	4,950
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10,305	6,355	3,950	8,190	5,015	3,175
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,235	8,955	2,280	8,705	6,920	1,780
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	107,855	48,140	59,710	79,495	35,165	44,335
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,460	4,340	5,120	6,740	3,150	3,590
Bachelor's degree or higher	142,465	62,400	80,065	93,940	40,960	52,980
Bachelor's degree	93,755	40,460	53,295	61,395	26,365	35,030
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	8,590	3,390	5,200	5,690	2,215	3,475
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	4,205	1,845	2,365	2,970	1,300	1,665
Master's degree	30,750	13,760	16,990	20,065	8,850	11,220
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	5,165	2,950	2,215	3,820	2,235	1,590
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	647,770	313,720	334,055	469,795	229,010	240,780
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	276,985	138,550	138,435	211,795	107,000	104,790
Education	21,375	4,940	16,435	14,205	3,475	10,730
13. Education	21,375	4,940	16,435	14,205	3,475	10,730
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	14,230	6,400	7,830	9,910	4,600	5,310
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,480	1,060	420	1,055	735	320
50. Visual and performing arts	12,750	5,340	7,410	8,855	3,860	4,990
Humanities	22,255	8,430	13,825	15,570	6,090	9,480
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,810	360	1,445	1,250	290	955
23. English language and literature/letters	5,775	1,675	4,100	4,085	1,240	2,845
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,840	2,045	3,790	3,985	1,375	2,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	765	235	530	540	175	365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,720	955	760	1,335	750	580
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,790	1,030	760	1,310	790	525
54. History	3,545	1,990	1,555	2,420	1,355	1,070
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	1,015	135	880	650	105	545
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50,760	17,055	33,700	34,295	11,410	22,890
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	555	115	445	420	90	330
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	6,405	2,680	3,725	4,285	1,835	2,455
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	8,305	610	7,705	6,010	465	5,545
22. Legal professions and studies	6,295	1,990	4,315	4,395	1,355	3,045
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,510	460	1,050	1,090	320	765
42. Psychology	7,595	1,910	5,690	4,755	1,250	3,510
45. Social sciences	20,085	9,300	10,785	13,335	6,095	7,240
Business, management and public administration	76,335	33,115	43,220	49,115	20,470	28,650
30.16 Accounting and computer science	130	45	85	75	30	45
44. Public administration and social service professions	6,785	1,175	5,615	5,240	920	4,315
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	69,415	31,900	37,520	43,800	19,515	24,285
Physical and life sciences and technologies	16,650	7,900	8,745	11,610	5,495	6,115
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	7,370	3,135	4,235	5,280	2,270	3,010
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,615	1,545	2,070	2,420	1,085	1,340
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	345	90	255	235	55	180
40. Physical sciences	4,505	2,880	1,625	3,060	1,905	1,150
41. Science technologies/technicians	815	255	560	615	175	435
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15,205	10,060	5,145	10,070	6,690	3,380
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	11,465	8,210	3,255	7,700	5,480	2,215
25. Library science	930	120	800	610	85	530
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,465	1,480	985	1,540	955	585
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	350	250	100	220	165	55
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	70,110	62,720	7,390	51,030	45,875	5,160
04. Architecture and related services	3,490	2,350	1,140	2,415	1,670	750
14. Engineering	18,750	15,060	3,685	12,430	10,000	2,430
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	17,610	15,840	1,770	12,765	11,430	1,335
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	11,500	11,205	295	8,745	8,510	230
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,310	11,075	235	8,830	8,635	195
48. Precision production	7,445	7,185	260	5,845	5,630	210
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,730	3,000	2,730	3,980	2,055	1,920
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,750	1,835	1,920	2,740	1,335	1,410
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,980	1,170	820	1,235	725	510
Health and related fields	58,600	11,800	46,800	43,720	8,685	35,035
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,680	2,870	2,815	3,775	1,935	1,840
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	51,030	7,930	43,100	38,625	6,045	32,580
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145	25	120	100	20	80
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,745	975	770	1,225	685	540
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,375	9,685	9,685	14,370	7,120	7,250
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	9,995	2,500	7,490	7,595	1,865	5,725
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	0	35	35	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	70	0	50	45	0
43. Security and protective services	6,305	4,375	1,930	4,580	3,215	1,370
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,955	2,700	255	2,110	1,960	150
Other¹⁷⁹	170	55	115	120	50	75
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	414,960	202,305	212,655	303,405	148,745	154,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	133,640	72,115	61,525	106,335	57,530	48,810
Education	15,095	3,360	11,735	10,150	2,405	7,745
13. Education	15,095	3,360	11,735	10,150	2,405	7,745
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	11,125	4,980	6,145	7,810	3,615	4,190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,080	775	315	770	545	225
50. Visual and performing arts	10,040	4,205	5,835	7,035	3,070	3,965
Humanities	16,465	6,175	10,295	11,580	4,480	7,100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	1,360	250	1,105	960	210	750
23. English language and literature/letters	4,240	1,240	3,005	3,020	920	2,100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	4,430	1,555	2,870	3,050	1,060	1,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	560	160	395	390	125	270
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,265	685	575	965	540	420
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,235	735	505	905	540	365
54. History	2,655	1,460	1,200	1,825	1,015	815
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	725	85	640	455	70	390
Social and behavioural sciences and law	39,945	12,955	26,990	26,985	8,670	18,320
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	435	75	360	345	60	280
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	5,555	2,310	3,245	3,745	1,625	2,120
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,380	425	5,965	4,600	330	4,270
22. Legal professions and studies	5,060	1,375	3,685	3,540	925	2,615
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,105	310	800	835	240	595
42. Psychology	5,860	1,355	4,505	3,605	850	2,750
45. Social sciences	15,550	7,105	8,440	10,320	4,635	5,685
Business, management and public administration	59,945	25,410	34,530	38,790	15,750	23,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	30	65	65	25	40
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,600	915	4,685	4,305	725	3,580
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	54,240	24,460	29,775	34,420	15,000	19,420
Physical and life sciences and technologies	12,370	5,670	6,700	8,695	3,975	4,715
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	5,675	2,435	3,235	4,060	1,760	2,305
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	2,750	1,150	1,600	1,845	810	1,030
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	300	65	235	205	40	170
40. Physical sciences	3,145	1,865	1,285	2,175	1,245	930
41. Science technologies/technicians	495	150	340	405	120	285
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	12,255	8,295	3,955	8,040	5,435	2,605
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	9,680	7,005	2,675	6,415	4,605	1,810
25. Library science	565	75	490	380	40	340
27. Mathematics and statistics	1,745	1,030	715	1,050	645	405
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	265	195	70	190	135	55
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50,135	44,110	6,025	36,860	32,675	4,185
04. Architecture and related services	2,790	1,865	925	1,920	1,315	610
14. Engineering	14,605	11,445	3,155	9,745	7,705	2,035
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	12,710	11,325	1,390	9,410	8,340	1,075
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	7,435	7,225	210	5,725	5,560	165
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,860	7,700	155	6,275	6,135	140
48. Precision production	4,730	4,540	180	3,780	3,625	160
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,315	2,195	2,115	3,020	1,515	1,505
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,740	1,270	1,470	2,045	930	1,115
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,570	930	645	975	585	390
Health and related fields	44,525	9,340	35,185	33,790	6,980	26,810
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,605	2,350	2,255	3,085	1,630	1,455
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	38,515	6,340	32,175	29,720	4,890	24,835
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	15	115	95	15	80
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	1,270	635	635	890	450	445
Personal, protective and transportation services	15,035	7,665	7,370	11,285	5,695	5,590
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	7,545	1,960	5,590	5,855	1,485	4,370
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	0	25	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	45	40	0
43. Security and protective services	5,150	3,565	1,585	3,750	2,630	1,120
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,265	2,080	185	1,615	1,525	95
Other¹⁷⁹	110	30	80	70	25	45
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	414,960	202,305	212,655	303,405	148,745	154,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	133,640	72,115	61,525	106,335	57,530	48,810
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	281,325	130,190	151,130	197,070	91,220	105,855
Location of study inside Canada	229,220	105,840	123,380	161,210	74,245	86,960
Same as province or territory of residence	217,530	100,145	117,390	153,930	70,785	83,145
Different than province or territory of residence	11,685	5,695	5,990	7,280	3,460	3,815
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	52,100	24,355	27,745	35,865	16,970	18,890
Americas	12,635	6,065	6,570	8,210	4,015	4,200
United States of America	8,015	3,965	4,050	5,125	2,570	2,555
Mexico	650	245	405	375	140	240
Cuba	300	160	140	250	130	120
Haiti	40	25	15	40	25	15
Jamaica	355	175	185	325	165	155
Brazil	595	270	325	375	175	200
Colombia	1,080	470	605	740	335	405
Peru	160	50	110	85	35	60
Venezuela⁹⁵	370	150	215	130	50	80
Other locations of study in Americas	1,070	540	525	765	390	375
Europe	11,895	6,110	5,785	7,800	4,045	3,755
Belgium	85	45	45	45	20	20
France	350	175	175	200	105	95
Germany	385	195	190	265	135	125
Netherlands	250	140	105	120	70	50
Switzerland	90	45	45	65	40	35
Hungary	180	85	95	120	60	65
Moldova¹⁸³	50	25	25	15	10	10
Poland	1,240	575	670	935	435	500
Romania	845	410	435	545	270	270
Russian Federation	525	220	305	325	125	200
Ukraine	580	265	315	350	160	190
Ireland⁹⁶	325	180	140	185	95	90
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,185	2,270	1,920	2,580	1,400	1,175
Bosnia and Herzegovina	370	190	175	315	165	150
Italy	175	90	85	135	80	50
Serbia⁸⁶	515	280	230	380	200	185
Other locations of study in Europe	1,755	920	835	1,225	670	555
Africa	3,705	1,805	1,900	2,655	1,300	1,360
Nigeria	865	435	430	740	365	375
Algeria	85	40	40	65	40	25
Morocco	65	30	35	50	20	35
Tunisia	30	20	10	25	20	0
Egypt	1,115	520	595	605	295	310
South Africa, Republic of	520	265	255	290	160	130
Other locations of study in Africa	1,020	490	530	885	405	480
Asia	22,695	9,915	12,780	16,480	7,345	9,135
Iran⁸⁸	720	355	375	505	250	250
Iraq	1,235	590	640	1,010	485	525
Israel	140	80	65	100	55	45
Lebanon	360	185	170	255	140	120
Syria⁸⁹	545	260	285	445	230	220
Turkey	355	155	195	195	85	115
China⁹⁰	2,155	905	1,250	1,435	620	815
Taiwan	125	35	90	85	25	70
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	25	30	40	20	20
Japan	175	75	105	115	50	65
Korea, South⁹²	800	285	510	455	170	285
Philippines	4,230	1,485	2,745	3,280	1,175	2,100
Viet Nam	225	85	140	185	75	115
Bangladesh	340	165	180	305	150	155
Sri Lanka	200	95	105	125	65	55
India	7,215	3,435	3,780	5,065	2,500	2,570
Pakistan	2,115	935	1,180	1,615	685	925
Other locations of study in Asia	1,710	770	940	1,265	580	685
Oceania	1,170	455	710	710	265	445
Australia	1,020	400	625	615	225	390
New Zealand	130	50	80	75	25	45
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	10	15	10	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	647,770	313,720	334,055	469,795	229,015	240,780
In the labour force	406,505	210,580	195,930	290,990	151,280	139,710
Employed	358,350	187,025	171,320	255,075	133,515	121,565
Unemployed	48,155	23,545	24,600	35,915	17,765	18,145
Not in the labour force	241,270	103,140	138,125	178,805	77,735	101,080
Participation rate	62.8	67.1	58.7	61.9	66.1	58.0
Employment rate	55.3	59.6	51.3	54.3	58.3	50.5
Unemployment rate	11.8	11.2	12.6	12.3	11.7	13.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	647,770	313,720	334,055	469,795	229,010	240,780
Did not work¹⁸⁶	242,795	105,630	137,165	181,575	80,270	101,305
Worked	404,975	208,085	196,890	288,215	148,740	139,480
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	222,660	123,495	99,165	155,525	86,475	69,045
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	182,315	84,595	97,725	132,695	62,265	70,430
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.4	40.5	41.3	42.1	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	406,505	210,575	195,925	290,990	151,285	139,710
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10,375	5,200	5,170	8,080	4,065	4,010
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	396,130	205,375	190,755	282,910	147,220	135,695
Employee	342,085	172,035	170,055	245,920	123,920	122,005
Permanent position	292,645	148,625	144,020	209,045	106,370	102,675
Temporary position	49,445	23,410	26,035	36,875	17,550	19,325
Fixed term (1 year or more)	16,805	7,615	9,195	13,005	5,950	7,060
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	32,635	15,800	16,840	23,870	11,605	12,270
Self-employed¹⁹²	54,040	33,340	20,700	36,990	23,300	13,695
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	406,505	210,575	195,925	290,990	151,285	139,710
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10,375	5,200	5,170	8,080	4,065	4,010
All occupations¹⁹¹	396,130	205,375	190,755	282,910	147,220	135,695
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	5,685	4,050	1,640	2,910	1,985	925
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	69,130	23,355	45,775	45,445	14,975	30,465
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	32,475	25,130	7,345	21,440	16,605	4,835
3 Health occupations	35,300	7,320	27,975	26,740	5,525	21,215
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	49,035	16,120	32,910	34,650	11,520	23,130
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	12,610	5,755	6,855	8,770	4,105	4,660
6 Sales and service occupations	100,455	45,365	55,090	72,160	31,800	40,350
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	63,920	58,020	5,900	49,190	44,840	4,350
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,305	4,590	1,715	4,665	3,415	1,245
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	21,215	15,660	5,555	16,945	12,445	4,505
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	406,505	210,575	195,925	290,990	151,285	139,710
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10,375	5,200	5,170	8,080	4,065	4,010
All industries¹⁹¹	396,130	205,375	190,755	282,910	147,220	135,695
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,695	1,945	1,755	2,875	1,570	1,310
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	690	520	165	420	335	80
22 Utilities	2,485	1,905	575	1,620	1,245	375
23 Construction	29,015	25,220	3,800	21,760	19,120	2,640
31-33 Manufacturing	41,665	30,765	10,900	31,280	23,240	8,045
41 Wholesale trade	16,210	11,065	5,145	10,205	7,190	3,015
44-45 Retail trade	46,235	22,025	24,210	32,750	15,435	17,310
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	18,975	14,215	4,765	13,910	10,645	3,265
51 Information and cultural industries	8,300	4,995	3,310	5,520	3,300	2,225
52 Finance and insurance	18,710	8,790	9,925	11,280	4,965	6,310
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	7,805	4,040	3,765	5,290	2,860	2,435
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	32,480	18,260	14,225	20,155	11,270	8,880
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,330	645	685	660	285	375
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	18,035	10,565	7,465	13,730	8,060	5,675
61 Educational services	34,575	11,020	23,555	24,850	8,435	16,415
62 Health care and social assistance	54,385	10,275	44,110	41,515	7,745	33,770
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	6,945	3,635	3,310	5,060	2,665	2,400
72 Accommodation and food services	21,245	9,115	12,130	15,865	6,795	9,075
81 Other services (except public administration)	15,975	7,530	8,450	11,910	5,825	6,090
91 Public administration	17,375	8,855	8,520	12,245	6,235	6,010
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	433,460	222,480	210,980	310,145	159,940	150,205
English	415,775	214,195	201,575	297,295	153,840	143,455
French	905	260	645	675	210	465
Non-official language	1,580	885	690	1,315	755	560
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,580	885	690	1,315	755	560
English and French	5,575	2,030	3,535	3,570	1,275	2,300
English and non-official language(s)	9,195	4,875	4,315	6,965	3,695	3,270
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	350	170	180	245	115	130
Multiple non-official languages	90	60	35	85	55	30
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	433,460	222,480	210,980	310,145	159,940	150,205
Single responses	431,065	221,430	209,635	308,370	159,130	149,235
Official languages	428,035	219,810	208,225	305,955	157,820	148,140
English	426,320	219,395	206,920	304,775	157,510	147,260
French	1,715	415	1,305	1,185	310	875
Non-official languages	3,030	1,620	1,415	2,410	1,305	1,105
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,025	1,620	1,405	2,405	1,305	1,095
Afro-Asiatic languages	290	190	100	250	170	80
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	290	190	100	250	170	80
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	225	140	80	180	115	65
Aramaic languages	55	40	15	55	40	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	55	40	15	55	40	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	70	105	170	70	100
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	0	15	0	0
Vietnamese	165	60	105	160	60	100
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	30	50	50	20	30
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	20	50	40	10	25
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	20	25	10	20
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	0	0	15	0	0
Tamil	15	0	10	15	0	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,585	825	760	1,255	665	595
Albanian	35	25	0	25	20	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	160	150	245	155	95
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	310	160	145	245	155	95
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	70	40	30	65	40	25
Russian	70	15	50	35	15	25
Serbo-Croatian	135	85	50	125	85	35
Bosnian	25	25	0	25	25	0
Croatian	30	15	15	30	15	15
Serbian	85	50	35	75	50	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	25	15	15	25	15	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	20	15	15	0	15
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	20	10	15	15	0	15
German	20	10	15	15	0	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	435	230	210	330	160	170
Indo-Aryan languages	340	190	155	250	125	120
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hindi	20	10	10	10	0	10
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	20	0	15	20	0	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	240	155	85	180	115	70
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	65	20	45	30	0	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	95	40	55	80	35	50
Kurdish	20	15	0	20	15	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	75	25	50	60	20	45
Dari	25	0	20	25	0	20
Iranian Persian	45	20	30	35	15	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	770	385	385	635	320	310
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	25	0	25	25	0	25
Portuguese	175	130	50	140	110	30
Romanian	25	0	15	20	0	10
Spanish	540	240	300	450	195	255
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	30	0	30	15	0	15
Korean	120	60	55	70	40	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	0	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	0	0	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	65	30	35	30	10	20
American Sign Language	65	30	35	30	10	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	550	340	210	445	265	180
Chinese languages	540	330	205	430	260	170
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	365	235	130	285	175	110
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	100	75	150	85	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	0	15	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	15	0	0	15	0	0
S'gaw Karen	15	0	0	15	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	30	10	40	30	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	40	30	10	40	30	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	25	20	30	25	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	25	0	20	15	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	2,395	1,050	1,340	1,785	815	970
English and French	735	225	515	515	170	340
English and non-official language(s)	1,620	805	815	1,230	620	610
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	20	15	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	15	10	10
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	433,460	222,480	210,980	310,145	159,940	150,205
None	420,450	216,290	204,165	300,900	155,520	145,380
English	2,050	765	1,290	1,435	545	885
French	4,085	1,690	2,390	2,595	1,025	1,570
Non-official language	5,635	3,025	2,605	4,285	2,325	1,960
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	20	25	10	15
Non-Indigenous	5,610	3,020	2,590	4,255	2,315	1,945
English and French	10	0	0	10	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	130	70	60	100	60	40
French and non-official language(s)	260	120	140	175	75	100
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	840	515	325	650	385	270
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	358,350	187,030	171,325	255,075	133,515	121,565
Worked at home	101,105	46,870	54,235	64,135	29,360	34,770
Worked outside Canada	930	655	280	670	480	185
No fixed workplace address	39,985	29,775	10,215	30,845	23,070	7,775
Usual place of work	216,330	109,730	106,595	159,435	80,600	78,830
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	216,325	109,730	106,595	159,435	80,600	78,835
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	138,075	64,050	74,025	111,255	51,485	59,765
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,625	4,695	4,930	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	68,295	40,805	27,490	47,935	28,985	18,955
Commute to a different province or territory	335	180	155	245	130	115
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	256,320	139,505	116,810	190,280	103,675	86,605
Car, truck or van	221,700	124,285	97,420	162,485	91,610	70,875
Car, truck or van - as a driver	201,590	115,560	86,030	147,235	85,020	62,215
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20,120	8,730	11,390	15,240	6,590	8,660
Public transit	16,535	6,930	9,605	14,055	5,850	8,205
Walked	11,110	4,805	6,300	8,685	3,715	4,975
Bicycle	1,675	1,150	525	1,240	840	400
Other method	5,300	2,335	2,960	3,815	1,660	2,160
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	256,320	139,505	116,810	190,280	103,675	86,605
Less than 15 minutes	69,035	32,305	36,725	47,920	22,215	25,705
15 to 29 minutes	98,805	51,125	47,680	76,225	39,495	36,725
30 to 44 minutes	47,110	28,150	18,960	34,950	20,750	14,205
45 to 59 minutes	20,115	13,325	6,790	14,965	9,980	4,980
60 minutes and over	21,255	14,605	6,655	16,215	11,235	4,985
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	256,320	139,505	116,810	190,280	103,675	86,605
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	22,260	16,890	5,365	17,670	13,350	4,320
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	45,960	29,110	16,850	35,380	22,210	13,170
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	60,495	31,655	28,840	44,020	22,960	21,060
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	52,170	22,920	29,245	36,440	15,855	20,585
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	33,295	15,295	18,000	23,955	10,875	13,080
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	42,140	23,635	18,505	32,810	18,415	14,395
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	155,385	80,070	75,315	112,075	57,785	54,290
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,495	5,800	5,700	8,095	4,080	4,015
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	143,885	74,265	69,625	103,975	53,700	50,280
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	113,465	58,570	54,895	80,925	41,805	39,120
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,695	4,385	4,300	6,010	3,030	2,975
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,785	2,380	2,410	3,430	1,710	1,725
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,905	2,010	1,895	2,575	1,325	1,250
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	104,770	54,180	50,595	74,915	38,775	36,145

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 8, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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