Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kamloops, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	97,902
Population, 2016¹	90,280
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.4
Total private dwellings²	41,619
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	39,914
Population density per square kilometre	328.6
Land area in square kilometres	297.93
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	97,905
0 to 14 years	14,830
0 to 4 years	4,430
5 to 9 years	5,095
10 to 14 years	5,300
15 to 64 years	63,410
15 to 19 years	5,200
20 to 24 years	6,380
25 to 29 years	6,965
30 to 34 years	6,945
35 to 39 years	6,825
40 to 44 years	5,915
45 to 49 years	5,680
50 to 54 years	6,065
55 to 59 years	6,605
60 to 64 years	6,830
65 years and over	19,660
65 to 69 years	5,785
70 to 74 years	5,075
75 to 79 years	3,485
80 to 84 years	2,575
85 years and over	2,740
85 to 89 years	1,685
90 to 94 years	795
95 to 99 years	220
100 years and over	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1
15 to 64 years	64.8
65 years and over	20.1
85 years and over	2.8
Average age of the population	42.4
Median age of the population	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	39,910
Single-detached house	20,085
Semi-detached house	3,065
Row house	3,885
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,830
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,585
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	855
Other single-attached house	80
Movable dwelling⁴	1,530
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	39,915
1 person	11,330
2 persons	14,685
3 persons	5,920
4 persons	5,215
5 or more persons	2,765
Number of persons in private households	94,560
Average household size	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	83,070
Married or living common-law	46,600
Married	36,315
Living common-law	10,285
Living common law - Never married	7,330
Living common law - Separated	515
Living common law - Divorced	2,190
Living common law - Widowed	250
Not married and not living common-law	36,475
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,360
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,510
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,850
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,760
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	26,945
2 persons	15,215
3 persons	5,305
4 persons	4,800
5 or more persons	1,625
Average size of census families	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	26,945
Total couple families	22,600
Married couples	17,465
With children⁶	8,360
Without children	9,105
Common-law couples	5,135
With children⁶	1,775
Without children	3,360
Total one-parent families	4,340
in which the parent is a woman+	3,335
in which the parent is a man+	1,005
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	94,560
Total - Persons in census families	74,090
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,205
Parents in one-parent families	4,340
Children⁶	24,545
In a two-parent family	18,080
In a one-parent family	6,465
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,470
Living alone	11,330
Living with other relatives⁷	2,380
Living with non-relatives only	6,760
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	39,915
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,880
Couple-family households	19,645
With children⁶	8,810
Without children	10,835
One-parent-family households	3,235
Multigenerational households⁸	1,010
Multiple-census-family households⁹	335
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,865
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,495
One-person households	11,330
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	79,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,600
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,635
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,770
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,805
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	64,050
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,810
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,155
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	79,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,555
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,575
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,710
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,805
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,855
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,055
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,590
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,245
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	79,770
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,690
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,945
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	79,770
Without total income	2,170
With total income	77,600
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,140
$10,000 to $19,999	8,595
$20,000 to $29,999	11,445
$30,000 to $39,999	9,900
$40,000 to $49,999	8,715
$50,000 to $59,999	7,465
$60,000 to $69,999	5,765
$70,000 to $79,999	4,340
$80,000 to $89,999	3,545
$90,000 to $99,999	2,730
$100,000 and over	8,970
$100,000 to $149,999	6,450
$150,000 and over	2,520
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	79,770
Without after-tax income	2,135
With after-tax income	77,640
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,405
$10,000 to $19,999	8,875
$20,000 to $29,999	12,920
$30,000 to $39,999	11,565
$40,000 to $49,999	9,980
$50,000 to $59,999	7,875
$60,000 to $69,999	5,745
$70,000 to $79,999	4,290
$80,000 to $89,999	3,170
$90,000 to $99,999	2,210
$100,000 and over	4,605
$100,000 to $124,999	2,645
$125,000 and over	1,960
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	79,770
Without employment income	23,965
With employment income	55,805
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,170
$5,000 to $9,999	4,080
$10,000 to $19,999	6,510
$20,000 to $29,999	5,125
$30,000 to $39,999	5,040
$40,000 to $49,999	4,765
$50,000 to $59,999	4,545
$60,000 to $69,999	3,620
$70,000 to $79,999	3,040
$80,000 to $89,999	2,740
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220
$100,000 and over	6,955
$100,000 to $124,999	3,545
$125,000 and over	3,410
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	79,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,585
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,735
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,130
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,840
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,945
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,300
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	79,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,435
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,555
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,940
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,640
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,810
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,305
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	79,770
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,455
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,585
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8
Employment income (%)	71.8
Government transfers (%)	12.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	39,915
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,330
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	28,585
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	39,915
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,200
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,350
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,250
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,960
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	28,565
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,800
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	39,915
Under $5,000	365
$5,000 to $9,999	160
$10,000 to $14,999	275
$15,000 to $19,999	900
$20,000 to $24,999	1,500
$25,000 to $29,999	1,220
$30,000 to $34,999	1,185
$35,000 to $39,999	1,420
$40,000 to $44,999	1,445
$45,000 to $49,999	1,405
$50,000 to $59,999	2,960
$60,000 to $69,999	2,795
$70,000 to $79,999	2,545
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375
$90,000 to $99,999	2,190
$100,000 and over	17,180
$100,000 to $124,999	4,870
$125,000 to $149,999	3,780
$150,000 to $199,999	4,760
$200,000 and over	3,770
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	39,915
Under $5,000	400
$5,000 to $9,999	165
$10,000 to $14,999	280
$15,000 to $19,999	930
$20,000 to $24,999	1,570
$25,000 to $29,999	1,385
$30,000 to $34,999	1,405
$35,000 to $39,999	1,660
$40,000 to $44,999	1,640
$45,000 to $49,999	1,660
$50,000 to $59,999	3,350
$60,000 to $69,999	3,170
$70,000 to $79,999	2,945
$80,000 to $89,999	2,770
$90,000 to $99,999	2,510
$100,000 and over	14,070
$100,000 to $124,999	5,155
$125,000 to $149,999	3,565
$150,000 and over	5,355
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	26,675
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000
Average family size of economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,440
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,230
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,050
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,090
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	26,625
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,300
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,100
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,380
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,260
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,200
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,030
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,300
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,145
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	94,560
0 to 17 years	17,805
0 to 5 years	5,430
18 to 64 years	59,090
65 years and over	17,670
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,095
0 to 17 years	1,530
0 to 5 years	455
18 to 64 years	4,500
65 years and over	2,060
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.6
0 to 17 years (%)	8.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.6
65 years and over (%)	11.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	94,560
0 to 17 years	17,800
0 to 5 years	5,430
18 to 64 years	59,085
65 years and over	17,670
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,625
0 to 17 years	500
0 to 5 years	130
18 to 64 years	2,915
65 years and over	215
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	94,560
In bottom half of the distribution	42,925
In bottom decile	8,645
In second decile	8,135
In third decile	8,370
In fourth decile	8,580
In fifth decile	9,190
In top half of the distribution	51,635
In sixth decile	9,565
In seventh decile	10,155
In eighth decile	10,715
In ninth decile	11,650
In top decile	9,555
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	94,560
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.404
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	95,985
English only	90,245
French only	15
English and French	5,300
Neither English nor French	430
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	95,985
English	94,665
French	820
English and French	100
Neither English nor French	400
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	95,985
Single responses	94,175
Official languages	85,165
English	84,265
French	900
Non-official languages	9,015
Indigenous languages³⁹	90
Algonquian languages	25
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	20
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	20
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5
Cree, n.o.s.	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	25
Northern Athabaskan languages	25
Dakelh (Carrier)	10
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	5
Salish languages	35
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	5
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	5
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,920
Afro-Asiatic languages	130
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	125
Amharic	5
Arabic	110
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	165
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	615
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	25
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	40
Indonesian	25
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	195
Kannada	10
Malayalam	100
Tamil	35
Telugu	40
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	6,180
Albanian	5
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	840
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	830
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	45
Macedonian	5
Polish	175
Russian	225
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	135
Bosnian	15
Croatian	85
Serbian	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	185
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,235
Frisian	0
High German languages	850
German	795
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	50
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	290
Afrikaans	70
Dutch	205
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	95
Danish	45
Icelandic	5
Norwegian	20
Swedish	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	50
Indo-Iranian languages	2,635
Indo-Aryan languages	2,525
Assamese	0
Bengali	170
Gujarati	85
Hindi	380
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	25
Nepali	50
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,685
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40
Urdu	90
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5
Iranian languages	100
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	10
Persian languages	85
Dari	10
Iranian Persian	65
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,410
Catalan	0
Italian	750
Portuguese	180
Romanian	45
Spanish	430
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	160
Korean	240
Mongolian	5
Niger-Congo languages	115
Akan (Twi)	15
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	5
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	20
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	15
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	10
American Sign Language	10
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	850
Chinese languages	845
Hakka	0
Mandarin	510
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	280
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	0
Thai	35
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	20
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	5
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	170
Estonian	5
Finnish	55
Hungarian	105
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,810
English and French	320
English and non-official language(s)	1,360
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	100
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	95,985
English	86,680
French	100
Non-official language	1,840
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	1,835
English and French	700
English and non-official language(s)	6,340
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160
Multiple non-official languages	160
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	95,985
Single responses	94,710
Official languages	90,805
English	90,630
French	170
Non-official languages	3,910
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	5
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,900
Afro-Asiatic languages	60
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	60
Amharic	5
Arabic	50
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	110
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	265
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	25
Indonesian	15
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	80
Kannada	5
Malayalam	50
Tamil	15
Telugu	15
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	2,545
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	205
Baltic languages	5
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	5
Slavic languages	200
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	65
Russian	65
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	35
Bosnian	5
Croatian	20
Serbian	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	215
Frisian	0
High German languages	135
German	125
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75
Afrikaans	35
Dutch	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	5
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,700
Indo-Aryan languages	1,650
Assamese	0
Bengali	85
Gujarati	50
Hindi	220
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	25
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,190
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20
Urdu	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	45
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	30
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	420
Catalan	0
Italian	165
Portuguese	50
Romanian	15
Spanish	180
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	70
Korean	165
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	20
Akan (Twi)	0
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	5
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	20
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	515
Chinese languages	515
Hakka	0
Mandarin	325
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	165
Chinese, n.o.s.	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10
Lao	0
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	20
Estonian	0
Finnish	20
Hungarian	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,275
English and French	100
English and non-official language(s)	1,140
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	20
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	95,985
None	89,645
English	1,700
French	565
Non-official language	3,285
Indigenous³⁹	110
Non-Indigenous	3,170
English and French	15
English and non-official language(s)	280
French and non-official language(s)	100
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	390
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	94,555
Official languages	94,175
English	94,170
French	5,285
Non-official languages	12,950
Indigenous languages³⁹	345
Algonquian languages	110
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	90
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	85
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	40
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	40
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	60
Northern Athabaskan languages	60
Dakelh (Carrier)	10
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	20
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	30
Salish languages	155
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	125
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20
Non-Indigenous languages	12,615
Afro-Asiatic languages	285
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	10
Hausa	10
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	275
Amharic	10
Arabic	245
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	10
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	130
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	815
Bikol	20
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10
Cebuano	50
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	55
Indonesian	25
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	10
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	735
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	10
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	300
Kannada	15
Malayalam	160
Tamil	115
Telugu	60
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	8,965
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	930
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	930
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	15
Czech	50
Macedonian	0
Polish	160
Russian	345
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	205
Bosnian	45
Croatian	160
Serbian	40
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	195
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	20
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,915
Frisian	0
High German languages	1,365
German	1,335
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	55
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	455
Afrikaans	165
Dutch	235
Low German, n.o.s.	15
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	150
Danish	65
Icelandic	10
Norwegian	30
Swedish	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10
Greek	75
Indo-Iranian languages	3,535
Indo-Aryan languages	3,415
Assamese	0
Bengali	165
Gujarati	135
Hindi	1,455
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	40
Nepali	95
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,285
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45
Urdu	340
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15
Iranian languages	145
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	20
Persian languages	105
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	90
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,765
Catalan	0
Italian	1,000
Portuguese	295
Romanian	75
Spanish	1,495
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	490
Korean	240
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	345
Akan (Twi)	40
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	50
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	65
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	110
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	120
American Sign Language	105
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,000
Chinese languages	980
Hakka	10
Mandarin	695
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65
Lao	0
Thai	60
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	45
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	15
Turkish	25
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	225
Estonian	10
Finnish	85
Hungarian	130
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,560
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,885
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,500
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,460
Métis	4,020
Inuk (Inuit)	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	260
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	130
Non-Indigenous identity	84,675
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	94,560
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,980
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	90,575
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	39,910
Owner	27,960
Renter	11,955
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	39,910
Condominium	6,895
Not condominium	33,020
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	39,910
No bedrooms	480
1 bedroom	4,810
2 bedrooms	9,120
3 bedrooms	11,555
4 or more bedrooms	13,950
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	39,910
1 to 4 rooms	10,740
5 rooms	5,290
6 rooms	4,990
7 rooms	4,685
8 or more rooms	14,205
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	39,910
One person or fewer per room	39,455
More than one person per room	460
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	39,910
Suitable	38,490
Not suitable	1,425
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	39,910
1960 or before	4,245
1961 to 1980	16,020
1981 to 1990	4,245
1991 to 2000	6,020
2001 to 2005	1,700
2006 to 2010	2,765
2011 to 2015	2,145
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,770
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	39,910
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,890
Major repairs needed	2,020
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	39,910
One-maintainer household	19,510
Two-maintainer household	18,095
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,310
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	39,910
15 to 24 years	1,575
25 to 34 years	5,955
35 to 44 years	6,715
45 to 54 years	6,640
55 to 64 years	7,695
65 to 74 years	6,470
75 to 84 years	3,610
85 years and over	1,255
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	39,795
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,240
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,550
30% to less than 100%	6,900
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	39,910
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,215
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,900
Not suitable only	1,100
Major repairs needed only	1,460
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	195
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	430
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30
Acceptable housing	29,700
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,140
In core need	3,795
Not in core need	35,345
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	27,910
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.3
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,406
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	567,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,950
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.9
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,256
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	94,560
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,190
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,105
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,415
Métis single ancestry	680
Inuit single ancestry	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,290
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,945
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,390
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,515
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	340
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	335
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	84,075
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	94,560
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	89,210
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,440
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	71,775
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,350
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	94,560
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	82,550
Immigrants⁸¹	9,335
Before 1980	3,515
1980 to 1990	970
1991 to 2000	1,080
2001 to 2010	1,470
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,300
2011 to 2015	955
2016 to 2021	1,340
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,675
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,330
Under 5 years	1,180
5 to 14 years	1,725
15 to 24 years	2,020
25 to 44 years	3,860
45 years and over	545
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,330
Americas	1,225
Brazil	40
Colombia	45
El Salvador	30
Guyana	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	15
Mexico	100
Peru	10
Trinidad and Tobago	10
United States of America	790
Other places of birth in Americas	185
Europe	3,900
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55
Croatia	95
France	45
Germany	555
Greece	20
Hungary	70
Italy	535
Netherlands	205
Poland	135
Portugal	100
Romania	75
Russian Federation	75
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Ukraine	45
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,425
Other places of birth in Europe	445
Africa	555
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	20
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	15
Nigeria	100
Somalia	10
South Africa, Republic of	250
Other places of birth in Africa	170
Asia	3,390
Afghanistan	0
Iran⁸⁸	50
Iraq	0
Lebanon	15
Syria⁸⁹	30
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	320
Hong Kong⁹¹	65
Korea, South⁹²	120
Taiwan	45
Philippines	750
Viet Nam	85
Bangladesh	40
India	1,240
Pakistan	190
Sri Lanka	10
Other places of birth in Asia	405
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	260
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,340
Americas	125
Brazil	15
Colombia	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Mexico	20
United States of America	60
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15
Europe	135
France	10
Germany	10
Ireland⁹⁶	15
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	20
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60
Other places of birth in Europe	25
Africa	180
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	10
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	50
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	70
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	10
Other places of birth in Africa	45
Asia	850
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	300
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Japan	15
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	25
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	40
Philippines	295
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	10
Syria⁸⁹	30
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	10
Other places of birth in Asia	50
Oceania and other⁹³	50
Australia	35
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	94,560
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,815
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,420
Third generation or more¹⁰²	66,325
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,815
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,060
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,350
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,720
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,240
Refugees¹⁰⁸	435
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,815
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,045
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	265
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	560
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,790
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	94,560
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,245
South Asian	4,260
Chinese	1,295
Black	985
Filipino	1,100
Arab	175
Latin American	490
Southeast Asian	310
West Asian	145
Korean	250
Japanese	875
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110
Multiple visible minorities	260
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	84,315
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	94,555
Canadian	12,770
English	27,205
Irish	17,005
Scottish	21,540
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,220
German	15,705
Chinese	1,435
Italian	5,265
Indian (India)	2,530
Ukrainian	6,710
Dutch	4,605
Polish	3,560
Québécois	105
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,785
Filipino	1,100
French Canadian	1,025
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,975
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,890
Métis	3,620
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,550
Russian	2,685
Norwegian	4,045
Welsh	2,330
Portuguese	575
American	1,695
Spanish	745
Swedish	3,345
Hungarian	1,520
Acadian	160
Pakistani	210
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	380
Jewish	380
Punjabi	560
Vietnamese	200
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95
Greek	385
Jamaican	120
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	325
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	950
Korean	230
Romanian	620
Lebanese	135
Iranian	95
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160
Danish	1,465
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	705
Sikh	570
Austrian	1,245
Belgian	520
Haitian	0
Hindu	160
Mexican	410
Mennonite	250
Swiss	765
Finnish	990
Sri Lankan	55
Croatian	495
Japanese	995
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	135
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	905
Muslim	95
Egyptian	40
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105
Tamil	20
Icelandic	635
Colombian	75
Moroccan	15
Czech	440
Syrian	80
Guyanese	20
Afghan	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75
Serbian	110
Ojibway	165
Newfoundlander	170
Hong Konger	25
Ontarian	80
Persian	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35
Turkish	35
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65
Bangladeshi	80
Algerian	10
Brazilian	90
Nigerian	175
Armenian	0
Slovak	315
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	270
Somali	15
Taiwanese	105
Iraqi	15
Salvadorean	15
African Caribbean	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20
Algonquin	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0
Lithuanian	155
South African	285
Australian	300
Palestinian	0
Chilean	105
Congolese	0
Nova Scotian	45
Ethiopian	10
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30
Peruvian	10
Yoruba	95
Cambodian (Khmer)	10
Berber	0
Albanian	15
Maltese	45
Macedonian	0
Slovenian	140
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190
New Brunswicker	30
Gujarati	40
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	30
Israeli	25
Mohawk	40
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	175
Bulgarian	15
Albertan	140
Ghanaian	30
Barbadian	15
African American	65
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180
Tunisian	15
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65
Cuban	30
Bosnian	70
Venezuelan	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	90
Bengali	0
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	0
Indonesian	85
Laotian	10
Ilocano	40
Northern Irish	75
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120
British Columbian	635
Ecuadorian	10
Franco Ontarian	25
Argentinian	40
Estonian	50
Kurdish	0
Fijian	15
Jatt	20
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45
Coptic	0
Thai	55
Dominican	0
Nepali	85
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	35
Byelorussian	50
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	10
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25
New Zealander	155
Sudanese	30
Breton	15
Pennsylvania Dutch	45
Malaysian	60
Plains Cree	25
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	135
Buddhist	15
Gaspesian	10
Norman	35
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	30
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	15
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	15
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	20
Cape Bretoner	20
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	0
Malayali	20
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	15
Mayan	0
Honduran	10
Cherokee	95
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	50
United Empire Loyalist	35
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	15
Pashtun	0
Malay	10
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	45
Burmese	0
Mongolian	70
Azorean	0
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	0
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	15
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	15
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	0
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	30
Costa Rican	15
African Nova Scotian	20
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	94,560
Buddhist	440
Christian	31,790
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,575
Anabaptist	160
Anglican	3,000
Baptist	1,225
Catholic	10,620
Christian Orthodox	465
Jehovah's Witness	600
Latter Day Saints	380
Lutheran	1,360
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	875
Presbyterian	460
Reformed	85
United Church	3,110
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,805
Hindu	995
Jewish	85
Muslim	890
Sikh	2,005
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	190
Other religions and spiritual traditions	925
No religion and secular perspectives	57,245
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	93,685
Non-movers	80,220
Movers	13,465
Non-migrants	8,870
Migrants	4,600
Internal migrants	4,055
Intraprovincial migrants	2,815
Interprovincial migrants	1,235
External migrants	545
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	90,120
Non-movers	49,480
Movers	40,645
Non-migrants	20,585
Migrants	20,055
Internal migrants	16,880
Intraprovincial migrants	12,495
Interprovincial migrants	4,385
External migrants	3,175
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,775
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,165
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	67,605
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,805
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,355
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	46,445
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	79,775
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,475
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,470
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,185
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,445
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,000
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,440
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,705
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,035
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,285
Bachelor's degree	10,945
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,275
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	490
Master's degree	3,130
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	445
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,805
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,540
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,460
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,810
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,800
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,930
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,025
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,905
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,880
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,985
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,010
Bachelor's degree	8,815
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	980
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390
Master's degree	2,505
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	325
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	79,775
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,305
Education	3,435
13. Education	3,435
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	940
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75
50. Visual and performing arts	860
Humanities	1,600
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110
23. English language and literature/letters	440
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	530
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75
39. Theology and religious vocations	185
54. History	230
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,575
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720
22. Legal professions and studies	755
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45
42. Psychology	635
45. Social sciences	1,055
Business, management and public administration	8,435
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,210
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,215
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,635
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	715
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	400
41. Science technologies/technicians	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,140
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	960
25. Library science	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	110
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,465
04. Architecture and related services	140
14. Engineering	1,200
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,665
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,775
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,620
48. Precision production	1,075
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,625
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,050
Health and related fields	7,860
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,295
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,735
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,620
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	420
49. Transportation and materials moving	690
Other¹⁷⁹	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,000
Education	2,290
13. Education	2,290
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	780
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45
50. Visual and performing arts	740
Humanities	1,185
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95
23. English language and literature/letters	315
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	360
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	120
54. History	200
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,825
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	560
22. Legal professions and studies	635
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40
42. Psychology	500
45. Social sciences	830
Business, management and public administration	6,370
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	915
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,455
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	580
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	310
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0
40. Physical sciences	310
41. Science technologies/technicians	60
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	940
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	825
25. Library science	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	70
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,840
04. Architecture and related services	115
14. Engineering	905
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,220
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,980
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,815
48. Precision production	800
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,320
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	475
03. Natural resources and conservation	845
Health and related fields	5,930
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,450
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,045
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	295
49. Transportation and materials moving	530
Other¹⁷⁹	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	50,805
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,000
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,805
Location of study inside Canada	28,635
Same as province or territory of residence	23,475
Different than province or territory of residence	5,160
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,170
Americas	750
United States of America	600
Mexico	60
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	0
Brazil	25
Colombia	30
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other locations of study in Americas	30
Europe	625
Belgium	0
France	10
Germany	50
Netherlands	20
Switzerland	15
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	0
Romania	10
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	30
Ireland⁹⁶	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	355
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Other locations of study in Europe	50
Africa	240
Nigeria	55
Algeria	0
Morocco	10
Tunisia	10
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	90
Other locations of study in Africa	65
Asia	1,380
Iran⁸⁸	35
Iraq	0
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	85
Taiwan	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Japan	55
Korea, South⁹²	50
Philippines	280
Viet Nam	10
Bangladesh	20
Sri Lanka	0
India	645
Pakistan	50
Other locations of study in Asia	85
Oceania	175
Australia	120
New Zealand	40
Other locations of study in Oceania	15
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	79,775
In the labour force	51,030
Employed	47,235
Unemployed	3,800
Not in the labour force	28,745
Participation rate	64.0
Employment rate	59.2
Unemployment rate	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	79,775
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,170
Worked	50,605
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,275
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	24,335
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,030
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,025
Employee	43,895
Permanent position	36,885
Temporary position	7,015
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,755
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,260
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,130
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,030
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,025
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,510
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,090
3 Health occupations	4,915
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,240
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,030
6 Sales and service occupations	13,475
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,575
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,560
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,375
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,030
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,005
All industries¹⁹¹	50,025
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,575
22 Utilities	285
23 Construction	4,580
31-33 Manufacturing	2,350
41 Wholesale trade	1,405
44-45 Retail trade	6,950
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,880
51 Information and cultural industries	495
52 Finance and insurance	1,115
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	820
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,230
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,010
61 Educational services	3,420
62 Health care and social assistance	7,955
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,210
72 Accommodation and food services	3,750
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,215
91 Public administration	3,125
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,585
English	53,665
French	60
Non-official language	140
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	140
English and French	195
English and non-official language(s)	525
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,585
Single responses	54,495
Official languages	54,275
English	54,175
French	100
Non-official languages	220
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	220
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	110
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	85
Indo-Aryan languages	85
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	30
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70
Chinese languages	70
Hakka	0
Mandarin	40
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	90
English and French	20
English and non-official language(s)	65
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,585
None	53,945
English	120
French	135
Non-official language	300
Indigenous³⁹	30
Non-Indigenous	270
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	80
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,235
Worked at home	6,360
Worked outside Canada	65
No fixed workplace address	7,325
Usual place of work	33,480
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,480
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	28,675
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,890
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	695
Commute to a different province or territory	220
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,800
Car, truck or van	35,645
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,190
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,455
Public transit	1,840
Walked	2,075
Bicycle	385
Other method	855
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,800
Less than 15 minutes	17,330
15 to 29 minutes	17,630
30 to 44 minutes	3,000
45 to 59 minutes	1,215
60 minutes and over	1,625
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,800
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,935
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,385
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,015
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,575
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,555
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,330
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,180
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,090
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,090
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,405
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	835
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	325
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,570

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released March 29, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 31, 2023).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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