Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lévis, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	149,683	...	...
Population, 2016¹	143,414	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	68,205	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	65,751	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	334.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	448.07	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	149,680	73,535	76,145
0 to 14 years	25,145	12,865	12,280
0 to 4 years	7,130	3,635	3,495
5 to 9 years	8,685	4,440	4,245
10 to 14 years	9,330	4,790	4,540
15 to 64 years	92,865	46,065	46,800
15 to 19 years	8,040	4,075	3,965
20 to 24 years	7,495	3,775	3,725
25 to 29 years	8,055	3,980	4,075
30 to 34 years	8,230	4,180	4,055
35 to 39 years	9,465	4,775	4,685
40 to 44 years	10,715	5,335	5,375
45 to 49 years	9,650	4,785	4,860
50 to 54 years	9,250	4,590	4,655
55 to 59 years	10,890	5,370	5,515
60 to 64 years	11,075	5,190	5,880
65 years and over	31,670	14,605	17,070
65 to 69 years	10,245	4,865	5,380
70 to 74 years	8,920	4,305	4,610
75 to 79 years	6,085	2,890	3,190
80 to 84 years	3,400	1,500	1,900
85 years and over	3,020	1,045	1,980
85 to 89 years	1,785	685	1,100
90 to 94 years	970	305	660
95 to 99 years	245	45	200
100 years and over	25	5	20
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.5	16.1
15 to 64 years	62.0	62.6	61.5
65 years and over	21.2	19.9	22.4
85 years and over	2.0	1.4	2.6
Average age of the population	42.9	42.0	43.8
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	65,750	...	...
Single-detached house	34,570	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,875	...	...
Row house	1,570	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,285	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,745	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,825	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	765	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	65,750	...	...
1 person	21,345	...	...
2 persons	24,495	...	...
3 persons	8,195	...	...
4 persons	8,340	...	...
5 or more persons	3,375	...	...
Number of persons in private households	146,235	72,300	73,935
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	124,535	60,670	63,870
Married or living common-law	75,940	37,930	38,010
Married	37,630	18,775	18,850
Living common-law	38,310	19,150	19,160
Living common law - Never married	31,905	15,860	16,045
Living common law - Separated	330	180	155
Living common law - Divorced	5,460	2,835	2,625
Living common law - Widowed	610	275	340
Not married and not living common-law	48,595	22,735	25,855
Not married and not living common law - Never married	34,415	17,985	16,430
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,325	580	740
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,385	2,810	4,575
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,475	1,365	4,110
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	43,005	...	...
2 persons	23,865	...	...
3 persons	7,870	...	...
4 persons	8,190	...	...
5 or more persons	3,085	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	43,005	...	...
Total couple families	37,250	...	...
Married couples	18,110	...	...
With children⁶	6,520	...	...
Without children	11,590	...	...
Common-law couples	19,135	...	...
With children⁶	10,205	...	...
Without children	8,930	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,760	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,965	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,795	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	146,235	72,300	73,935
Total - Persons in census families	120,310	60,050	60,255
Married spouses or common-law partners	74,490	37,235	37,260
Parents in one-parent families	5,760	1,790	3,970
Children⁶	40,060	21,025	19,035
In a two-parent family	31,240	16,235	15,010
In a one-parent family	8,815	4,795	4,025
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,925	12,245	13,680
Living alone	21,345	9,760	11,580
Living with other relatives⁷	1,685	790	895
Living with non-relatives only	2,900	1,695	1,200
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	65,750	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	41,645	...	...
Couple-family households	36,315	...	...
With children⁶	16,330	...	...
Without children	19,985	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,335	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	390	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	80	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	665	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,625	...	...
One-person households	21,345	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	121,105	59,445	61,660
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,315	58,575	60,740
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	53,200	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	119,330	58,580	60,750
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	112,535	56,095	56,440
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,200	46,420	43,775
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,800	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,910	43,520	51,390
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,100	9,200	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,595	7,330	6,270
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	4,920	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,585	16,415	14,175
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	121,100	59,435	61,660
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,345	58,540	60,805
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,450	62,400	48,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,355	58,540	60,815
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	49,720	40,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	112,660	56,165	56,495
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,000	56,550	41,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,180	46,395	43,785
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	55,750	44,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,795	43,385	51,420
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,580	11,000	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,225	7,235	5,990
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940	5,815	8,290
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,475	16,225	14,245
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,250	6,910	7,640
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	121,100	59,440	61,660
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	48,300	25,475	22,825
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	67,500	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,000	77,300	64,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,135	16,635	17,505
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	23,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	33,920	25,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	87.0	79.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.6	70.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	13.1	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.9	3.5	4.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	3.1	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	121,100	59,440	61,660
Without total income	1,790	875	915
With total income	119,315	58,570	60,745
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,320	2,705	3,620
$10,000 to $19,999	11,590	4,250	7,345
$20,000 to $29,999	15,685	6,575	9,110
$30,000 to $39,999	14,095	6,155	7,940
$40,000 to $49,999	15,565	7,340	8,230
$50,000 to $59,999	14,260	7,215	7,040
$60,000 to $69,999	10,795	5,880	4,915
$70,000 to $79,999	7,995	4,535	3,465
$80,000 to $89,999	6,635	3,740	2,895
$90,000 to $99,999	4,850	2,630	2,225
$100,000 and over	11,515	7,555	3,955
$100,000 to $149,999	8,360	5,300	3,060
$150,000 and over	3,155	2,255	900
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	121,100	59,440	61,660
Without after-tax income	1,775	865	910
With after-tax income	119,330	58,580	60,750
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,960	2,850	4,110
$10,000 to $19,999	12,405	4,645	7,755
$20,000 to $29,999	18,600	7,870	10,725
$30,000 to $39,999	19,130	8,810	10,320
$40,000 to $49,999	19,570	10,015	9,560
$50,000 to $59,999	14,690	8,085	6,605
$60,000 to $69,999	10,395	5,760	4,640
$70,000 to $79,999	6,960	3,725	3,235
$80,000 to $89,999	3,990	2,315	1,670
$90,000 to $99,999	2,240	1,435	805
$100,000 and over	4,385	3,060	1,330
$100,000 to $124,999	2,465	1,665	800
$125,000 and over	1,920	1,395	525
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	121,100	59,440	61,660
Without employment income	30,905	13,020	17,880
With employment income	90,200	46,420	43,780
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,605	5,095	4,510
$5,000 to $9,999	6,105	2,655	3,445
$10,000 to $19,999	9,580	4,205	5,370
$20,000 to $29,999	7,595	3,360	4,235
$30,000 to $39,999	8,520	3,895	4,625
$40,000 to $49,999	9,760	4,630	5,135
$50,000 to $59,999	8,700	4,480	4,215
$60,000 to $69,999	7,130	4,115	3,020
$70,000 to $79,999	5,670	3,190	2,485
$80,000 to $89,999	5,215	2,805	2,410
$90,000 to $99,999	3,520	2,065	1,455
$100,000 and over	8,800	5,930	2,870
$100,000 to $124,999	4,605	2,955	1,655
$125,000 and over	4,190	2,975	1,215
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	121,105	59,445	61,660
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,790	57,785	60,005
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	51,600	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,840	57,785	60,055
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,600	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,040	55,445	55,590
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,765	46,660	44,105
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,570	38,170	47,395
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	6,120	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,680	7,040	5,645
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,440	4,080	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	121,100	59,435	61,660
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,845	57,800	60,045
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,500	61,450	45,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,875	57,800	60,070
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,440	48,720	38,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	111,185	55,445	55,735
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,560	58,150	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,700	46,540	44,155
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,400	56,950	43,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,515	38,005	47,510
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,280	8,600	9,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,670	7,015	5,660
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,205	8,870
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	121,100	59,440	61,660
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	48,125	25,410	22,715
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	65,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,000	75,800	59,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,510	15,905	16,605
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	29,200	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,200	39,120	29,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	90.8	83.0
Employment income (%)	72.4	74.6	69.8
Government transfers (%)	12.6	9.2	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	65,755	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	21,345	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	44,405	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	65,750	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,345	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	44,405	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	65,750	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	495	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	835	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,580	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,890	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,820	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,545	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,820	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,810	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,860	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,560	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,915	...	...
$100,000 and over	26,350	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,140	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,050	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	7,120	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,040	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	65,750	...	...
Under $5,000	360	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	520	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	920	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,795	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,405	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,625	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,385	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,370	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,255	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,760	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,205	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,870	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,135	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,320	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,015	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,280	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,030	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	43,220	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,095	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,770	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,665	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,240	11,460	12,785
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	48,000	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	40,800	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	43,190	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,070	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,795	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	165,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,655	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,240	11,465	12,780
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,880	54,050	46,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,680	44,160	39,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	146,235	72,300	73,935
0 to 17 years	30,070	15,380	14,690
0 to 5 years	8,815	4,500	4,315
18 to 64 years	87,450	43,270	44,175
65 years and over	28,710	13,640	15,070
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,890	4,300	5,585
0 to 17 years	1,470	775	695
0 to 5 years	435	215	215
18 to 64 years	4,560	2,185	2,375
65 years and over	3,855	1,340	2,510
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	6.0	7.6
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	5.0	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9	4.8	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.1	5.4
65 years and over (%)	13.4	9.8	16.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	146,235	72,300	73,935
0 to 17 years	30,070	15,385	14,685
0 to 5 years	8,815	4,505	4,310
18 to 64 years	87,455	43,275	44,180
65 years and over	28,715	13,645	15,070
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,685	2,190	2,495
0 to 17 years	705	365	335
0 to 5 years	210	105	105
18 to 64 years	3,000	1,520	1,480
65 years and over	975	295	680
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.0	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.4	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.3	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.5	3.4
65 years and over (%)	3.4	2.2	4.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	146,235	72,300	73,935
In bottom half of the distribution	65,335	31,090	34,245
In bottom decile	7,960	3,515	4,445
In second decile	11,260	5,140	6,115
In third decile	13,555	6,385	7,165
In fourth decile	15,650	7,595	8,055
In fifth decile	16,910	8,450	8,465
In top half of the distribution	80,900	41,210	39,690
In sixth decile	18,055	9,125	8,930
In seventh decile	19,295	9,805	9,490
In eighth decile	18,020	9,200	8,820
In ninth decile	14,780	7,560	7,220
In top decile	10,755	5,520	5,235
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	146,235	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.380	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.243	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	147,765	72,970	74,795
English only	315	180	135
French only	90,745	41,935	48,805
English and French	56,535	30,765	25,770
Neither English nor French	175	95	80
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	147,765	72,970	74,795
English	1,785	955	835
French	145,040	71,535	73,505
English and French	775	400	375
Neither English nor French	165	90	80
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	147,765	72,970	74,795
Single responses	146,185	72,170	74,015
Official languages	142,950	70,540	72,415
English	1,475	800	680
French	141,475	69,745	71,735
Non-official languages	3,230	1,630	1,605
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5
Algonquian languages	5	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	5	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,225	1,625	1,600
Afro-Asiatic languages	875	465	405
Berber languages	125	65	65
Kabyle	125	60	65
Tamazight	5	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	5	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	5	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	745	405	340
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	735	400	340
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	45	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15
Vietnamese	70	35	30
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	125	60	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	10	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	65	25	40
Merina	40	15	25
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	10	10
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	25	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	100	60	45
Haitian Creole	50	25	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	35	15	20
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,470	715	755
Albanian	15	10	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	130	55	75
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	125	50	70
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	10	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10
Russian	35	10	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15
Bosnian	15	10	5
Croatian	15	5	5
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	40	35
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	55	30	25
German	45	25	25
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	35	15	20
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	5	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	10	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	20	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,200	590	615
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	70	40	30
Portuguese	250	110	140
Romanian	60	25	35
Spanish	820	420	410
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	270	150	125
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	25	10	10
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	15	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	10
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	10	10
Lingala	10	5	5
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	5	5	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	15	15	5
Wojenaka	10	5	5
Wolof	65	40	30
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	30	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	70	80
Chinese languages	150	70	80
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	125	60	65
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	35
Lao	35	15	20
Thai	30	5	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	15	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	15	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,585	800	780
English and French	950	480	475
English and non-official language(s)	55	30	30
French and non-official language(s)	490	250	240
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	147,765	72,970	74,795
English	640	355	285
French	138,700	68,205	70,500
Non-official language	735	385	350
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	735	385	350
English and French	4,680	2,555	2,125
English and non-official language(s)	125	60	70
French and non-official language(s)	2,160	1,060	1,100
English, French and non-official language(s)	695	345	355
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	147,765	72,970	74,795
Single responses	146,295	72,230	74,060
Official languages	144,785	71,470	73,315
English	1,190	645	545
French	143,595	70,830	72,770
Non-official languages	1,505	760	745
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,505	760	745
Afro-Asiatic languages	360	185	175
Berber languages	55	30	30
Kabyle	60	30	30
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	300	155	150
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	295	150	145
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5
Vietnamese	30	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	60	35	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10
Merina	10	0	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	25	5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	45	20	20
Haitian Creole	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	20	5	10
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	770	385	385
Albanian	10	0	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	20	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40	20	15
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	10	5
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	5	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	0
German	5	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	5	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	20	5	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	680	335	345
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	0	5
Portuguese	135	60	75
Romanian	30	15	15
Spanish	505	260	240
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	5	5	5
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	30	20	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	5
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	55	55
Chinese languages	110	55	55
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	45	45
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10
Lao	5	5	5
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,475	745	735
English and French	810	410	400
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30
French and non-official language(s)	540	270	275
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	147,770	72,970	74,795
None	141,360	69,590	71,770
English	3,585	1,985	1,600
French	1,025	525	500
Non-official language	1,200	585	615
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,195	585	610
English and French	100	50	55
English and non-official language(s)	330	160	170
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10
Multiple non-official languages	75	30	40
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	146,235	72,265	73,965
Official languages	146,100	72,195	73,905
English	56,565	30,845	25,720
French	145,790	72,010	73,780
Non-official languages	8,795	4,145	4,645
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15
Algonquian languages	10	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,775	4,135	4,635
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,245	715	530
Berber languages	180	105	70
Kabyle	160	90	70
Tamazight	15	15	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,140	655	490
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,140	655	490
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	70	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	30	20
Vietnamese	95	40	55
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	235	125	105
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	35	0	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	105	40	70
Merina	85	30	55
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	10	15
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	75	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0
Creole languages	235	115	130
Haitian Creole	100	40	60
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	70	35	30
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	20	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,845	2,535	3,315
Albanian	25	20	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	285	130	160
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	285	130	160
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	40	0	30
Russian	170	70	100
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	50	30	15
Bosnian	10	0	0
Croatian	35	25	10
Serbian	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	20	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	355	185	165
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	330	175	155
German	330	175	155
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	15	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	25	15	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10
Danish	10	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	10	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	10	10
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	40
Indo-Aryan languages	40	15	25
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	20	0	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	20	15	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	25	10	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	0	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,305	2,265	3,040
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	340	150	190
Portuguese	360	155	205
Romanian	95	45	50
Spanish	4,735	2,035	2,700
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	80	40	45
Korean	10	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	730	400	330
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	75	40	35
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	55	25	30
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	10	0	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	45	25
Lingala	100	50	55
Luba-Kasai	15	0	10
Mòoré	35	20	15
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	20	30
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	65	30	35
Wojenaka	25	15	10
Wolof	155	100	50
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	210	125	95
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	100	35	65
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	85	30	55
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	250	115	130
Chinese languages	250	115	130
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	220	110	115
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	50	35
Lao	50	30	20
Thai	50	25	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	30	20	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	30	20	15
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	146,235	72,265	73,970
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,945	1,000	940
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,810	920	890
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,080	500	575
Métis	705	410	300
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	15	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	70	40
Non-Indigenous identity	144,295	71,265	73,025
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	146,235	72,265	73,970
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	515	305	215
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	145,725	71,965	73,755
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	65,750	...	...
Owner	43,320	...	...
Renter	22,430	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	65,750	...	...
Condominium	7,845	...	...
Not condominium	57,910	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	65,750	...	...
No bedrooms	155	...	...
1 bedroom	6,990	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,985	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,510	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,110	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	65,750	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20,675	...	...
5 rooms	9,005	...	...
6 rooms	7,590	...	...
7 rooms	8,135	...	...
8 or more rooms	20,350	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	65,750	...	...
One person or fewer per room	65,525	...	...
More than one person per room	225	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	65,750	...	...
Suitable	64,990	...	...
Not suitable	755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	65,750	...	...
1960 or before	8,965	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,445	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,055	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,735	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,930	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,760	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,840	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	65,750	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	63,245	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,505	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	65,750	...	...
One-maintainer household	34,150	...	...
Two-maintainer household	30,815	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	785	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	65,750	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,985	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,385	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,690	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,505	...	...
55 to 64 years	13,450	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,825	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,625	...	...
85 years and over	1,280	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	65,525	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,285	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,240	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,755	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	65,750	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,110	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,900	...	...
Not suitable only	665	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,145	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	305	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	55,640	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	65,040	...	...
In core need	2,370	...	...
Not in core need	62,665	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	43,220	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,148	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	313,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,415	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	892	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	146,235	72,270	73,970
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,905	895	1,005
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,890	890	1,000
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,685	765	920
Métis single ancestry	190	115	75
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,025	1,430	1,600
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,995	1,410	1,585
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,770	1,295	1,480
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	200	100	95
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	141,305	69,940	71,365
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	146,235	72,270	73,970
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	142,555	70,360	72,200
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,335	15,025	14,305
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	113,225	55,330	57,895
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,680	1,905	1,770
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	146,235	72,270	73,970
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	139,205	68,590	70,620
Immigrants⁸¹	5,295	2,730	2,560
Before 1980	500	265	230
1980 to 1990	320	190	130
1991 to 2000	515	280	235
2001 to 2010	1,365	690	675
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,585	1,300	1,285
2011 to 2015	1,230	620	610
2016 to 2021	1,360	685	675
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,730	940	785
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,295	2,730	2,560
Under 5 years	660	365	290
5 to 14 years	765	340	430
15 to 24 years	770	405	370
25 to 44 years	2,845	1,480	1,365
45 years and over	255	145	110
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,295	2,730	2,560
Americas	1,125	545	575
Brazil	115	50	65
Colombia	240	105	130
El Salvador	20	10	15
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	185	95	90
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	120	55	65
Peru	15	10	0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10
United States of America	150	80	70
Other places of birth in Americas	265	130	135
Europe	1,800	955	840
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	10
Croatia	15	15	0
France	1,285	735	555
Germany	65	30	40
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	40	20	15
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	20	0	15
Romania	35	15	20
Russian Federation	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	45	10	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	20
Other places of birth in Europe	210	100	115
Africa	1,850	975	875
Algeria	240	145	95
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	40	25
Egypt	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	275	165	110
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,260	615	645
Asia	510	250	260
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	40	30	10
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	15
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	165	65	95
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0
Taiwan	10	0	10
Philippines	10	10	10
Viet Nam	90	45	45
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	15	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	40	60
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	0	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,355	680	670
Americas	215	105	115
Brazil	60	25	30
Colombia	55	20	35
Haiti	20	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	15	0	10
United States of America	25	10	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	25	10
Europe	385	200	180
France	310	185	125
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	0	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	10	20
Africa	645	320	325
Algeria	105	55	50
Burundi	25	10	10
Cameroon	50	25	30
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	95	50	40
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	65	40	30
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	125	75	55
Other places of birth in Africa	170	60	105
Asia	110	55	50
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	20	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	146,235	72,265	73,965
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,790	4,050	3,740
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,865	2,555	2,310
Third generation or more¹⁰²	133,580	65,655	67,920
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,790	2,465	2,325
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,845	1,600	1,250
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,460	975	480
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,390	620	770
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,500	640	865
Refugees¹⁰⁸	415	220	195
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,790	2,465	2,325
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	60	60
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	580	315	265
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	175	80	100
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	430	290	140
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	20	35
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,430	1,700	1,725
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	146,235	72,265	73,970
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,825	3,030	2,795
South Asian	160	65	95
Chinese	455	115	335
Black	2,515	1,315	1,200
Filipino	90	85	10
Arab	1,080	635	445
Latin American	875	485	390
Southeast Asian	395	210	185
West Asian	25	10	15
Korean	30	25	10
Japanese	35	15	20
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	30	50
Multiple visible minorities	95	35	55
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	140,410	69,235	71,175
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	146,235	72,265	73,970
Canadian	58,060	28,420	29,650
English	1,410	715	690
Irish	6,210	3,090	3,120
Scottish	1,885	1,000	885
French, n.o.s.¹²²	40,875	20,805	20,070
German	1,460	715	750
Chinese	430	120	310
Italian	1,335	675	655
Indian (India)	125	60	70
Ukrainian	180	75	105
Dutch	145	85	70
Polish	245	105	140
Québécois	18,595	9,015	9,580
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	260	105	150
Filipino	95	85	10
French Canadian	14,765	7,025	7,740
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,770	1,380	1,385
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,110	910	1,200
Métis	435	235	190
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,650	800	855
Russian	105	35	70
Norwegian	80	30	50
Welsh	60	35	30
Portuguese	285	125	160
American	530	265	260
Spanish	480	235	245
Swedish	40	25	10
Hungarian	90	35	55
Acadian	1,605	715	885
Pakistani	20	10	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	425	210	215
Jewish	20	10	15
Punjabi	0	0	0
Vietnamese	170	90	85
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	465	250	215
Greek	95	65	30
Jamaican	20	10	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	65	20	50
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	40	30
Korean	40	25	10
Romanian	125	60	65
Lebanese	130	80	50
Iranian	20	0	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,545	775	770
Danish	35	10	20
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	470	190	280
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	75	40	35
Belgian	590	335	255
Haitian	400	225	175
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	195	85	105
Mennonite	0	0	0
Swiss	330	125	205
Finnish	20	15	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	65	40	25
Japanese	30	15	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	275	150	125
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	30	20
Muslim	95	40	55
Egyptian	40	30	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	60	70
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Colombian	435	250	185
Moroccan	330	190	140
Czech	55	25	25
Syrian	65	25	45
Guyanese	15	0	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	35	50
Serbian	20	10	15
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	35	15	20
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0
Turkish	40	25	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	25	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	275	150	125
Brazilian	170	70	105
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	40	25	15
Slovak	45	15	20
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	25	10	15
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	40	20	15
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	10
Algonquin	395	215	180
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	15	10	10
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	10	10	0
Chilean	55	25	25
Congolese	190	95	90
Nova Scotian	25	15	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0
Peruvian	55	25	35
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	100	55	50
Berber	135	80	55
Albanian	20	15	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	0	15
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	155	55	100
New Brunswicker	130	60	60
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	35	15	20
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	30	20	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	425	245	175
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	75	45	30
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	30	20	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	450	215	230
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	190	80	110
Guatemalan	30	20	15
Indonesian	35	10	30
Laotian	85	50	35
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	25	10	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	15	0	10
Franco Ontarian	35	20	15
Argentinian	55	20	35
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	200	115	90
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	55	30	25
Dominican	70	20	45
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	85	45	40
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	260	130	130
Moldovan	30	10	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	30	30
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	175	95	80
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	85	50	35
Huron (Wendat)	310	140	165
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	225	120	105
Norman	215	105	110
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	180	90	90
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	50	20	30
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	25	25	0
Mauritian	75	50	35
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	15	0	10
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	100	60	40
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	20	20	0
Honduran	25	15	10
Cherokee	25	15	10
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	195	125	70
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	15	15
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	15	10	10
Atikamekw	70	40	35
Bamileke	75	35	35
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	65	20	35
Uruguayan	10	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	55	30	20
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	25	15	10
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	45	15	30
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	120	75	50
Beninese	65	45	20
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	15	10	0
Costa Rican	30	10	20
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	140	50	90
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	146,235	72,265	73,970
Buddhist	240	110	125
Christian	105,285	50,485	54,800
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,230	4,605	4,625
Anabaptist	0	0	0
Anglican	70	40	35
Baptist	170	80	90
Catholic	94,005	44,925	49,075
Christian Orthodox	175	70	100
Jehovah's Witness	370	170	195
Latter Day Saints	45	25	15
Lutheran	40	15	25
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	315	160	150
Presbyterian	65	40	25
Reformed	35	25	15
United Church	40	10	35
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	720	315	405
Hindu	25	15	10
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	1,795	1,030	770
Sikh	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	260	125	135
No religion and secular perspectives	38,625	20,505	18,120
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	144,895	71,555	73,345
Non-movers	128,040	63,490	64,545
Movers	16,860	8,060	8,795
Non-migrants	10,520	5,030	5,490
Migrants	6,335	3,035	3,305
Internal migrants	5,630	2,665	2,965
Intraprovincial migrants	5,365	2,540	2,825
Interprovincial migrants	265	120	140
External migrants	710	375	335
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	139,100	68,620	70,480
Non-movers	90,290	44,865	45,430
Movers	48,800	23,750	25,050
Non-migrants	24,640	11,930	12,710
Migrants	24,165	11,820	12,345
Internal migrants	21,605	10,530	11,075
Intraprovincial migrants	20,935	10,225	10,720
Interprovincial migrants	665	310	360
External migrants	2,560	1,295	1,270
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,100	59,435	61,660
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,820	9,865	7,955
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	103,280	49,570	53,700
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,860	37,920	38,940
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,530	4,035	2,490
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,330	33,885	36,445
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	121,095	59,440	61,660
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,465	8,105	7,360
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,085	11,365	12,725
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	81,550	39,975	41,575
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	51,785	26,460	25,330
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20,365	12,795	7,575
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	14,855	8,140	6,720
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,515	4,655	855
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	26,260	11,595	14,665
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,160	2,070	3,085
Bachelor's degree or higher	29,765	13,515	16,255
Bachelor's degree	19,735	8,695	11,045
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,560	1,190	1,370
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	770	320	445
Master's degree	5,820	2,780	3,040
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	875	535	340
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	76,855	37,915	38,935
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,005	2,940	2,060
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,730	5,630	5,095
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,125	29,345	31,785
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,220	19,095	18,120
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,270	9,480	5,795
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	11,305	6,115	5,190
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,970	3,365	600
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,525	8,280	10,240
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,420	1,335	2,090
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,900	10,245	13,655
Bachelor's degree	15,785	6,680	9,110
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,105	890	1,215
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	580	200	385
Master's degree	4,760	2,115	2,650
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	665	370	300
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	121,100	59,440	61,660
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,545	19,465	20,085
Education	6,595	1,675	4,920
13. Education	6,595	1,675	4,920
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,375	1,030	1,350
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	395	270	125
50. Visual and performing arts	1,980	760	1,225
Humanities	3,935	1,685	2,255
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	515	115	405
23. English language and literature/letters	105	35	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,200	985	1,215
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	25
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	70	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	155	70
54. History	245	175	70
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	505	150	355
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,680	2,215	4,470
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	10	20
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	895	310	585
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,585	165	1,425
22. Legal professions and studies	1,335	515	820
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	220	15	200
42. Psychology	985	255	730
45. Social sciences	1,635	945	695
Business, management and public administration	20,790	8,045	12,745
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,365	315	1,055
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	19,415	7,730	11,690
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,715	1,385	1,335
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	995	420	585
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	195	140
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	240	315
40. Physical sciences	615	440	175
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	90	125
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,635	2,635	1,000
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,175	2,440	740
25. Library science	225	35	190
27. Mathematics and statistics	210	145	65
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,370	14,960	1,410
04. Architecture and related services	775	460	315
14. Engineering	2,485	2,180	305
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,580	3,110	465
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,655	3,530	125
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,435	3,325	110
48. Precision production	2,440	2,355	85
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,965	1,190	770
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,315	675	640
03. Natural resources and conservation	645	515	130
Health and related fields	10,745	2,005	8,735
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	625	355	270
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,810	1,515	8,295
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	130	165
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,705	3,145	2,565
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,920	740	2,185
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0
43. Security and protective services	1,150	875	275
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,595	1,500	100
Other¹⁷⁹	40	10	25
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	76,855	37,920	38,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,735	8,575	7,160
Education	4,485	970	3,515
13. Education	4,485	970	3,515
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,775	730	1,045
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	300	205	95
50. Visual and performing arts	1,475	525	950
Humanities	2,420	1,030	1,390
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	385	80	305
23. English language and literature/letters	60	10	50
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,190	555	640
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	50	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	85	35
54. History	205	150	55
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	360	100	260
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,160	1,570	3,590
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	15	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	735	245	490
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,340	145	1,195
22. Legal professions and studies	1,015	350	665
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	15	135
42. Psychology	750	175	575
45. Social sciences	1,145	625	525
Business, management and public administration	16,460	6,080	10,380
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,060	225	835
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,390	5,850	9,535
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,810	925	890
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	815	310	505
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	205	115	90
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	105	80	30
40. Physical sciences	530	360	165
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	50	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,060	2,265	790
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,775	2,170	605
25. Library science	150	15	140
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	80	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,315	11,110	1,205
04. Architecture and related services	590	330	265
14. Engineering	2,080	1,790	290
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,750	2,360	385
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,680	2,590	95
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,395	2,300	95
48. Precision production	1,820	1,740	75
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,485	835	650
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,000	465	530
03. Natural resources and conservation	485	370	110
Health and related fields	7,695	1,420	6,270
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	230	215
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,000	1,105	5,895
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	240	90	155
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,430	2,380	2,045
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,285	555	1,735
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0
43. Security and protective services	905	685	220
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,220	1,135	85
Other¹⁷⁹	30	10	20
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	76,855	37,920	38,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,735	8,575	7,160
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	61,120	29,340	31,780
Location of study inside Canada	58,340	27,895	30,440
Same as province or territory of residence	57,480	27,400	30,085
Different than province or territory of residence	860	495	365
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,785	1,450	1,340
Americas	550	280	270
United States of America	115	65	55
Mexico	85	35	50
Cuba	25	15	10
Haiti	15	0	10
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	105	55	50
Colombia	130	60	70
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	45	35
Europe	1,255	690	565
Belgium	45	25	15
France	995	565	430
Germany	10	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	35	25	10
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	10	0	10
Romania	15	10	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	45	10	25
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	25
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	10
Africa	790	400	390
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	100	65	35
Morocco	145	65	80
Tunisia	190	120	70
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	350	150	195
Asia	185	70	110
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	50	20	30
Taiwan	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	15	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0
Philippines	25	20	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	0	30
Oceania	10	10	0
Australia	10	10	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	121,095	59,440	61,660
In the labour force	82,800	42,390	40,405
Employed	78,375	40,365	38,010
Unemployed	4,420	2,030	2,395
Not in the labour force	38,305	17,050	21,255
Participation rate	68.4	71.3	65.5
Employment rate	64.7	67.9	61.6
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.8	5.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	121,100	59,440	61,660
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,690	16,095	20,595
Worked	84,405	43,345	41,065
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	49,070	26,025	23,050
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	35,335	17,320	18,015
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.3	43.8	42.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	82,795	42,390	40,405
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	535	625
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	81,635	41,855	39,775
Employee	74,265	37,570	36,700
Permanent position	63,290	32,230	31,070
Temporary position	10,970	5,340	5,630
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,860	1,775	2,085
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,115	3,565	3,550
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,365	4,280	3,085
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	82,795	42,390	40,405
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	535	625
All occupations¹⁹¹	81,635	41,855	39,775
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,485	1,100	380
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	16,590	5,620	10,975
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	8,130	6,110	2,025
3 Health occupations	7,475	1,415	6,060
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,585	3,150	7,435
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,820	905	915
6 Sales and service occupations	19,500	9,225	10,275
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,955	11,155	795
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	750	590	165
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,335	2,590	750
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	82,795	42,390	40,405
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,165	535	625
All industries¹⁹¹	81,635	41,855	39,775
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	685	440	245
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	220	200	20
22 Utilities	330	290	45
23 Construction	5,665	4,850	820
31-33 Manufacturing	8,125	6,105	2,020
41 Wholesale trade	2,770	2,135	640
44-45 Retail trade	9,645	4,790	4,855
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,795	2,295	500
51 Information and cultural industries	810	520	290
52 Finance and insurance	6,975	2,670	4,310
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,110	610	500
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,125	3,630	2,500
55 Management of companies and enterprises	165	65	100
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,750	1,755	990
61 Educational services	6,145	1,840	4,310
62 Health care and social assistance	12,020	2,250	9,765
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	935	490	445
72 Accommodation and food services	3,975	1,790	2,180
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,945	1,480	1,465
91 Public administration	7,435	3,650	3,780
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	87,760	44,945	42,810
English	750	470	275
French	74,940	37,005	37,935
Non-official language	20	10	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	15
English and French	11,750	7,330	4,420
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	90	40	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	85	100
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	87,760	44,945	42,810
Single responses	86,375	44,095	42,275
Official languages	86,320	44,070	42,245
English	1,910	1,220	690
French	84,410	42,850	41,555
Non-official languages	60	25	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	60	25	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	45	20	25
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	35	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,385	850	530
English and French	1,345	835	505
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	87,760	44,945	42,810
None	77,075	38,325	38,750
English	9,295	5,775	3,520
French	1,160	740	420
Non-official language	90	40	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	90	40	50
English and French	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	125	50	70
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	78,375	40,365	38,010
Worked at home	18,885	8,950	9,940
Worked outside Canada	55	55	0
No fixed workplace address	7,420	5,725	1,695
Usual place of work	52,010	25,630	26,380
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	52,015	25,630	26,380
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,955	14,635	16,320
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20,975	10,940	10,040
Commute to a different province or territory	75	55	20
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	59,435	31,360	28,075
Car, truck or van	54,000	28,855	25,140
Car, truck or van - as a driver	50,980	27,530	23,455
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,010	1,320	1,690
Public transit	1,975	875	1,100
Walked	2,340	970	1,370
Bicycle	375	280	95
Other method	750	385	365
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	59,435	31,360	28,075
Less than 15 minutes	20,575	9,955	10,625
15 to 29 minutes	24,190	12,925	11,265
30 to 44 minutes	10,885	6,345	4,540
45 to 59 minutes	2,300	1,195	1,100
60 minutes and over	1,480	945	540
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	59,435	31,360	28,075
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,515	2,855	660
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,195	8,190	4,010
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20,515	9,425	11,090
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,635	4,335	6,300
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,475	2,090	2,385
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,090	4,465	3,630
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,685	15,695	14,990
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,570	1,305	1,265
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,115	14,395	13,725
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,995	11,770	11,225
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,120	1,080	1,030
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,585	805	775
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	530	275	260
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,875	10,680	10,195

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 18, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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