Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	LaSalle, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	32,721	...	...
Population, 2016¹	30,180	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	11,922	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	11,644	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	503.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	64.96	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	32,720	16,060	16,660
0 to 14 years	5,520	2,820	2,695
0 to 4 years	1,500	760	740
5 to 9 years	1,860	970	890
10 to 14 years	2,160	1,095	1,065
15 to 64 years	21,160	10,445	10,715
15 to 19 years	2,300	1,185	1,115
20 to 24 years	2,025	1,070	950
25 to 29 years	1,630	835	795
30 to 34 years	1,475	735	745
35 to 39 years	1,785	840	940
40 to 44 years	2,100	980	1,125
45 to 49 years	2,320	1,120	1,200
50 to 54 years	2,500	1,215	1,285
55 to 59 years	2,630	1,280	1,350
60 to 64 years	2,400	1,190	1,205
65 years and over	6,045	2,800	3,240
65 to 69 years	1,885	920	960
70 to 74 years	1,620	740	880
75 to 79 years	1,130	560	570
80 to 84 years	740	325	410
85 years and over	665	250	415
85 to 89 years	405	175	225
90 to 94 years	210	60	145
95 to 99 years	55	10	45
100 years and over	5	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.9	17.6	16.2
15 to 64 years	64.7	65.0	64.3
65 years and over	18.5	17.4	19.4
85 years and over	2.0	1.6	2.5
Average age of the population	42.0	41.1	42.9
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	11,645	...	...
Single-detached house	9,825	...	...
Semi-detached house	875	...	...
Row house	190	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	50	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	485	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	210	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	11,645	...	...
1 person	2,090	...	...
2 persons	3,870	...	...
3 persons	2,055	...	...
4 persons	2,310	...	...
5 or more persons	1,320	...	...
Number of persons in private households	32,480	15,985	16,490
Average household size	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	27,200	13,240	13,965
Married or living common-law	17,160	8,550	8,610
Married	15,680	7,815	7,865
Living common-law	1,475	735	745
Living common law - Never married	825	415	410
Living common law - Separated	80	40	40
Living common law - Divorced	505	245	255
Living common law - Widowed	70	35	40
Not married and not living common-law	10,045	4,695	5,350
Not married and not living common law - Never married	6,880	3,735	3,150
Not married and not living common law - Separated	455	170	290
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,250	505	745
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,460	290	1,170
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,650	...	...
2 persons	4,210	...	...
3 persons	2,095	...	...
4 persons	2,300	...	...
5 or more persons	1,040	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,650	...	...
Total couple families	8,465	...	...
Married couples	7,730	...	...
With children⁶	4,575	...	...
Without children	3,150	...	...
Common-law couples	735	...	...
With children⁶	320	...	...
Without children	415	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,180	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	905	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	280	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	32,480	15,985	16,490
Total - Persons in census families	29,485	14,735	14,750
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,930	8,455	8,475
Parents in one-parent families	1,185	275	905
Children⁶	11,375	6,005	5,370
In a two-parent family	9,485	4,980	4,500
In a one-parent family	1,890	1,020	870
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,990	1,255	1,740
Living alone	2,090	880	1,215
Living with other relatives⁷	565	190	375
Living with non-relatives only	340	185	155
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	11,645	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,690	...	...
Couple-family households	7,740	...	...
With children⁶	4,505	...	...
Without children	3,240	...	...
One-parent-family households	950	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	390	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	55	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	270	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	155	...	...
One-person households	2,090	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	26,960	13,170	13,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,840	12,605	13,235
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	58,400	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,860	12,615	13,250
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,995	11,940	12,055
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	52,800	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,560	10,310	9,250
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,230	11,290	11,945
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,450	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,720	1,305	1,415
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,120	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,200	3,525	3,675
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	26,960	13,165	13,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,835	12,625	13,210
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,200	79,700	51,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,865	12,645	13,230
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400	65,400	43,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,145	12,030	12,120
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,400	75,500	45,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,560	10,285	9,275
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,700	71,000	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,150	11,295	11,860
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,740	8,730	10,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,705	1,325	1,380
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,215	5,330	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,020	3,280	3,740
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,600	8,060	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	26,960	13,170	13,795
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,125	5,080	4,045
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	91,000	72,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	97,800	113,300	78,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,310	3,365	3,945
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	22,400	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,640	38,480	25,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.6	90.2	81.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.4	72.6	64.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.4	9.8	18.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	2.9	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	2.6	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	26,960	13,165	13,790
Without total income	1,120	570	555
With total income	25,835	12,600	13,240
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,115	800	1,320
$10,000 to $19,999	2,640	1,020	1,625
$20,000 to $29,999	3,125	1,255	1,870
$30,000 to $39,999	2,700	1,060	1,645
$40,000 to $49,999	2,600	1,205	1,395
$50,000 to $59,999	2,365	1,140	1,220
$60,000 to $69,999	1,755	880	875
$70,000 to $79,999	1,565	875	690
$80,000 to $89,999	1,270	685	585
$90,000 to $99,999	1,115	610	510
$100,000 and over	4,580	3,075	1,505
$100,000 to $149,999	2,805	1,730	1,080
$150,000 and over	1,775	1,345	430
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	26,960	13,165	13,790
Without after-tax income	1,095	555	545
With after-tax income	25,865	12,610	13,250
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,235	840	1,400
$10,000 to $19,999	2,805	1,080	1,730
$20,000 to $29,999	3,550	1,400	2,150
$30,000 to $39,999	3,230	1,345	1,885
$40,000 to $49,999	3,135	1,525	1,615
$50,000 to $59,999	2,445	1,250	1,200
$60,000 to $69,999	1,955	1,105	850
$70,000 to $79,999	1,550	860	690
$80,000 to $89,999	1,420	760	660
$90,000 to $99,999	775	480	300
$100,000 and over	2,755	1,985	770
$100,000 to $124,999	1,095	730	365
$125,000 and over	1,660	1,260	400
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	26,960	13,165	13,790
Without employment income	7,400	2,855	4,545
With employment income	19,555	10,315	9,245
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,295	1,815	1,485
$5,000 to $9,999	1,425	620	805
$10,000 to $19,999	1,995	870	1,120
$20,000 to $29,999	1,445	660	785
$30,000 to $39,999	1,230	550	685
$40,000 to $49,999	1,290	560	735
$50,000 to $59,999	1,260	595	670
$60,000 to $69,999	1,060	520	540
$70,000 to $79,999	1,105	650	455
$80,000 to $89,999	895	480	415
$90,000 to $99,999	950	475	480
$100,000 and over	3,595	2,520	1,075
$100,000 to $124,999	1,510	930	580
$125,000 and over	2,085	1,590	500
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	26,960	13,170	13,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,260	12,305	12,955
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	58,400	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	25,270	12,305	12,965
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,400	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,635	11,735	11,900
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	54,800	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,475	10,235	9,240
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,400	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,705	10,620	11,085
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,200	880	4,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,105	1,015	1,085
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,320	3,400	5,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	26,960	13,165	13,795
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,230	12,325	12,910
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,100	77,800	49,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,250	12,325	12,925
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,750	64,000	42,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,765	11,830	11,930
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,900	75,800	46,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,540	10,250	9,285
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,250	71,800	47,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,575	10,580	10,995
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,760	5,890	7,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,175	1,050	1,125
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	4,340	7,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	26,960	13,170	13,795
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,080	5,045	4,035
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,500	87,000	66,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,800	109,600	74,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,865	3,160	3,710
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	32,800	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,520	46,920	31,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8	93.6	86.8
Employment income (%)	74.0	76.8	69.8
Government transfers (%)	9.2	6.5	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	11,645	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,090	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,550	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	11,645	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	144,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	120,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,090	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,555	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	11,645	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	55	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	125	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	180	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	180	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	220	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	255	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	280	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	650	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	625	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	640	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	685	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	655	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,955	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,465	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,270	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,830	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,395	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	11,645	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	65	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	130	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	205	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	260	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	340	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	355	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	770	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	795	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	825	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	795	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	755	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,970	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,620	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,295	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,055	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,465	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,260	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,925	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	172,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,080	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,425	1,065	1,365
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,200	60,000	49,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	51,600	43,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,465	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	161,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,235	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,915	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	200,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	165,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,115	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,385	1,055	1,330
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,600	75,200	57,900
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,600	63,300	49,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	32,480	15,990	16,490
0 to 17 years	6,905	3,540	3,365
0 to 5 years	1,840	935	900
18 to 64 years	19,740	9,700	10,040
65 years and over	5,830	2,745	3,085
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,335	630	705
0 to 17 years	320	160	155
0 to 5 years	105	45	60
18 to 64 years	710	350	360
65 years and over	305	115	185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.1	3.9	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.6	4.6	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	5.0	6.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	3.6	3.6
65 years and over (%)	5.2	4.3	6.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	32,480	15,985	16,490
0 to 17 years	6,905	3,545	3,365
0 to 5 years	1,840	935	900
18 to 64 years	19,740	9,700	10,040
65 years and over	5,835	2,745	3,085
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	535	270	260
0 to 17 years	125	60	65
0 to 5 years	40	20	20
18 to 64 years	355	185	165
65 years and over	50	20	25
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.6	1.7	1.6
0 to 17 years (%)	1.8	1.7	2.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.2	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	1.8	1.9	1.7
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.9	0.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	32,480	15,990	16,490
In bottom half of the distribution	9,650	4,550	5,105
In bottom decile	1,130	545	585
In second decile	1,580	695	880
In third decile	1,855	840	1,020
In fourth decile	2,315	1,110	1,205
In fifth decile	2,770	1,355	1,415
In top half of the distribution	22,825	11,440	11,390
In sixth decile	3,155	1,525	1,630
In seventh decile	3,640	1,800	1,840
In eighth decile	4,185	2,120	2,060
In ninth decile	4,990	2,520	2,470
In top decile	6,865	3,480	3,380
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	32,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.400	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.289	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	32,710	16,055	16,655
English only	28,620	14,265	14,355
French only	15	0	10
English and French	3,725	1,660	2,065
Neither English nor French	350	130	225
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	32,710	16,055	16,655
English	31,620	15,625	15,995
French	600	250	350
English and French	150	60	90
Neither English nor French	340	120	225
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	32,710	16,055	16,655
Single responses	31,480	15,475	16,005
Official languages	25,350	12,555	12,795
English	24,720	12,285	12,435
French	635	275	360
Non-official languages	6,130	2,920	3,210
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,125	2,920	3,210
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,115	570	550
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,115	570	550
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	995	510	490
Aramaic languages	105	50	55
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	20	20
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	30	35
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	15	10	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	40	50
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5
Vietnamese	75	30	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	130	50	80
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	45	70
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	5	5
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	5	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	145	65	75
Kannada	0	5	5
Malayalam	55	25	30
Tamil	65	25	35
Telugu	20	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,560	1,680	1,880
Albanian	35	15	15
Armenian	35	15	15
Balto-Slavic languages	665	315	350
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	660	315	345
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	65	30	35
Polish	215	100	115
Russian	40	15	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	210	100	105
Bosnian	20	10	10
Croatian	75	35	40
Serbian	110	55	50
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	70	40	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5
Ukrainian	45	20	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	225	85	135
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	190	65	120
German	180	65	115
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15
Afrikaans	5	5	0
Dutch	20	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	5	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	5
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	110	50	60
Indo-Iranian languages	980	465	515
Indo-Aryan languages	880	420	460
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	30	10	15
Gujarati	105	50	55
Hindi	85	45	40
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	5	5	5
Nepali	5	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	380	180	200
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10
Urdu	240	115	125
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	95	45	55
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	10	5	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	85	40	50
Dari	5	5	5
Iranian Persian	75	30	40
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,515	725	790
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,060	510	545
Portuguese	115	55	60
Romanian	130	60	70
Spanish	200	95	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	105	55	50
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	15
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	5
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	740	340	400
Chinese languages	735	340	395
Hakka	5	5	0
Mandarin	525	240	280
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	175	80	100
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	40	20	20
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	35	15	20
Uyghur	10	5	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	150	70	75
Estonian	5	0	0
Finnish	10	5	5
Hungarian	135	65	70
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,225	580	645
English and French	270	125	145
English and non-official language(s)	805	380	425
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30	20
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	40
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	32,710	16,055	16,655
English	26,035	12,885	13,150
French	75	30	45
Non-official language	1,330	600	725
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,330	600	725
English and French	605	280	320
English and non-official language(s)	4,290	2,105	2,185
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	265	100	165
Multiple non-official languages	100	45	60
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	32,710	16,055	16,655
Single responses	31,715	15,575	16,140
Official languages	28,930	14,270	14,665
English	28,815	14,215	14,595
French	115	50	65
Non-official languages	2,785	1,310	1,480
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,785	1,310	1,480
Afro-Asiatic languages	535	265	270
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	535	265	270
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	455	220	230
Aramaic languages	80	40	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	20	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	40	20	20
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	10	30
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5
Vietnamese	35	10	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	25	35
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	30
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	40	45
Kannada	0	5	5
Malayalam	20	10	10
Tamil	45	20	25
Telugu	15	10	10
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,380	645	735
Albanian	5	5	5
Armenian	20	10	10
Balto-Slavic languages	240	125	120
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	240	125	120
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	20	15	10
Polish	80	40	40
Russian	20	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	85	45	40
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	20	10	10
Serbian	50	25	25
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	25	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	5	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	5	10
German	10	5	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	35	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages	670	310	360
Indo-Aryan languages	605	285	320
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	5	10
Gujarati	90	45	40
Hindi	55	25	35
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	275	130	145
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	160	70	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	70	30	40
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	5
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	60	25	35
Dari	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	55	25	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	170	215
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	200	80	115
Portuguese	25	15	15
Romanian	60	25	30
Spanish	105	55	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	85	40	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	5	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	235	275
Chinese languages	515	235	275
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	405	190	215
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	90	40	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	10	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	20	10	5
Uyghur	5	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	25	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	5	0
Hungarian	40	20	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	990	475	510
English and French	75	30	45
English and non-official language(s)	870	430	440
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	32,710	16,055	16,655
None	28,255	13,915	14,335
English	1,190	585	610
French	540	250	290
Non-official language	2,190	1,055	1,130
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	2,190	1,055	1,130
English and French	30	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	180	90	85
French and non-official language(s)	150	55	95
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	180	90	95
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	32,475	15,985	16,490
Official languages	32,125	15,860	16,260
English	32,105	15,855	16,245
French	3,740	1,510	2,230
Non-official languages	8,315	3,995	4,320
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,310	3,995	4,320
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,770	840	930
Berber languages	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,770	840	930
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	1,715	810	905
Aramaic languages	85	40	40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	0	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65	40	30
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	25	10	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	50	75
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	0	10
Vietnamese	105	45	60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	165	75	90
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	150	65	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	10	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	240	105	135
Kannada	35	15	15
Malayalam	85	40	50
Tamil	85	35	50
Telugu	45	15	25
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,960	2,420	2,540
Albanian	20	10	10
Armenian	65	30	30
Balto-Slavic languages	860	410	445
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	855	410	445
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	0	10
Macedonian	110	45	65
Polish	290	140	150
Russian	60	25	35
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	305	160	145
Bosnian	25	10	10
Croatian	120	60	55
Serbian	170	90	85
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	10	10
Slovak	55	25	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0
Ukrainian	60	30	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	290	105	185
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	240	100	140
German	240	100	140
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	10	35
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	35	10	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	15
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	20	0	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	150	90	65
Indo-Iranian languages	1,405	710	695
Indo-Aryan languages	1,260	625	635
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	45	10	35
Gujarati	150	80	60
Hindi	535	265	270
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	15
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	540	275	265
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20
Urdu	465	230	235
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	140	80	55
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	20	15	10
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	130	75	55
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	120	70	50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,270	1,125	1,145
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	1,525	765	760
Portuguese	225	110	115
Romanian	180	85	100
Spanish	425	200	220
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	145	80	65
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	55	20	30
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	40	0	40
American Sign Language	40	0	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	815	385	430
Chinese languages	810	385	425
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	615	290	330
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	0	10
Yue (Cantonese)	265	125	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	60	20	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	60	20	40
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	210	135	75
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	50	35	15
Hungarian	160	100	60
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,480	15,990	16,490
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	700	315	390
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	690	310	380
First Nations (North American Indian)	295	150	150
Métis	380	160	225
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	31,780	15,675	16,100
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,480	15,990	16,490
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	160	80	80
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	32,320	15,910	16,410
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	11,645	...	...
Owner	10,640	...	...
Renter	1,010	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	11,645	...	...
Condominium	810	...	...
Not condominium	10,830	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	11,645	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...
1 bedroom	290	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,630	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,815	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,895	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	11,645	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,095	...	...
5 rooms	1,495	...	...
6 rooms	1,525	...	...
7 rooms	1,765	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,765	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	11,645	...	...
One person or fewer per room	11,525	...	...
More than one person per room	115	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	11,645	...	...
Suitable	11,310	...	...
Not suitable	330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	11,645	...	...
1960 or before	1,250	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,430	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,200	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,065	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,040	...	...
2006 to 2010	690	...	...
2011 to 2015	840	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,140	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	11,645	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	11,235	...	...
Major repairs needed	405	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	11,645	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,870	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,440	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	335	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	11,645	...	...
15 to 24 years	55	...	...
25 to 34 years	880	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,885	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,580	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,705	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,965	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,160	...	...
85 years and over	405	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	11,600	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,340	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,260	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	11,645	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,885	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,170	...	...
Not suitable only	285	...	...
Major repairs needed only	320	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	30	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,755	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	11,475	...	...
In core need	300	...	...
Not in core need	11,165	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,605	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,468	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	520,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	605,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,005	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,416	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	32,480	15,990	16,490
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	75	30	50
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	75	30	50
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	25	15	10
Métis single ancestry	50	15	35
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	895	400	495
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	895	400	495
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	625	260	365
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	255	135	115
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	31,505	15,555	15,950
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	32,475	15,990	16,490
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	31,110	15,440	15,675
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,710	3,420	3,290
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	24,400	12,020	12,380
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,370	550	820
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	32,475	15,990	16,490
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	25,785	12,775	13,015
Immigrants⁸¹	6,535	3,140	3,390
Before 1980	1,910	940	970
1980 to 1990	730	385	345
1991 to 2000	1,225	580	650
2001 to 2010	1,475	685	790
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,190	560	635
2011 to 2015	490	250	235
2016 to 2021	695	305	395
Non-permanent residents⁸³	160	70	85
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,535	3,145	3,390
Under 5 years	695	360	340
5 to 14 years	1,350	710	635
15 to 24 years	1,375	580	795
25 to 44 years	2,605	1,270	1,335
45 years and over	510	220	290
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,535	3,145	3,390
Americas	965	365	600
Brazil	55	15	35
Colombia	20	15	10
El Salvador	25	15	10
Guyana	15	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	25	10	20
Mexico	35	0	25
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	710	265	445
Other places of birth in Americas	75	35	35
Europe	2,210	1,085	1,130
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	0	10
Croatia	100	55	40
France	45	20	20
Germany	95	40	55
Greece	90	40	45
Hungary	45	25	20
Italy	700	370	335
Netherlands	40	20	20
Poland	185	75	105
Portugal	70	45	25
Romania	160	65	90
Russian Federation	20	0	15
Serbia⁸⁶	95	45	50
Ukraine	25	15	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	350	170	185
Other places of birth in Europe	185	85	105
Africa	365	230	135
Algeria	15	15	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	45	25	20
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	70	45	25
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	15
Other places of birth in Africa	195	120	75
Asia	2,980	1,455	1,520
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	95	50	45
Iraq	190	85	100
Lebanon	305	145	155
Syria⁸⁹	50	25	25
Turkey	45	25	25
China⁹⁰	445	180	265
Hong Kong⁹¹	95	55	40
Korea, South⁹²	120	70	50
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	160	75	85
Viet Nam	80	40	40
Bangladesh	10	0	0
India	650	325	330
Pakistan	290	140	150
Sri Lanka	55	30	30
Other places of birth in Asia	365	195	175
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	700	305	395
Americas	195	60	135
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	160	55	105
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15
Europe	75	50	30
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	70	35	30
Africa	50	20	35
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	35	15	20
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	375	180	195
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	75	25	45
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	175	85	90
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	25	10	10
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	10	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	25	10	15
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0
Turkey	10	0	0
United Arab Emirates	20	10	15
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	32,480	15,985	16,490
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,295	3,525	3,770
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,660	3,745	3,915
Third generation or more¹⁰²	17,525	8,720	8,805
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,625	2,205	2,415
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,240	1,195	1,045
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	865	705	155
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,375	485	885
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,640	635	1,000
Refugees¹⁰⁸	665	345	325
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	30	45
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,625	2,205	2,415
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	260	135	130
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	405	230	175
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	170	120	50
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	210	115	95
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	20	25
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,530	1,595	1,940
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	32,480	15,985	16,490
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,110	3,015	3,095
South Asian	1,785	860	920
Chinese	940	450	490
Black	460	225	235
Filipino	330	180	150
Arab	1,630	815	820
Latin American	180	90	90
Southeast Asian	210	105	105
West Asian	150	80	70
Korean	130	80	55
Japanese	25	0	15
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60	25	35
Multiple visible minorities	205	95	110
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	26,370	12,970	13,395
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	32,475	15,985	16,490
Canadian	4,145	2,095	2,055
English	6,125	2,975	3,150
Irish	4,525	2,155	2,370
Scottish	3,965	1,950	2,010
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,455	3,095	3,365
German	2,795	1,320	1,475
Chinese	910	420	490
Italian	5,380	2,740	2,640
Indian (India)	905	420	485
Ukrainian	825	395	430
Dutch	900	480	425
Polish	1,540	740	800
Québécois	45	20	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	875	455	420
Filipino	335	180	160
French Canadian	875	465	415
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	320	145	165
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	375	145	230
Métis	305	155	155
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	240	125	120
Russian	275	125	150
Norwegian	115	45	70
Welsh	505	280	230
Portuguese	430	190	240
American	505	275	235
Spanish	230	90	140
Swedish	165	90	80
Hungarian	890	455	435
Acadian	15	15	0
Pakistani	390	200	190
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	205	90	110
Jewish	90	30	55
Punjabi	120	60	60
Vietnamese	155	75	80
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	620	300	320
Greek	350	165	175
Jamaican	75	20	60
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	165	90	70
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0
Korean	125	75	60
Romanian	420	205	220
Lebanese	1,110	540	570
Iranian	140	70	65
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	195	85	105
Danish	30	15	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	110	60	45
Sikh	100	55	50
Austrian	170	70	95
Belgian	180	105	75
Haitian	10	0	0
Hindu	115	65	55
Mexican	65	35	30
Mennonite	30	15	10
Swiss	80	45	35
Finnish	120	70	50
Sri Lankan	85	55	30
Croatian	330	175	160
Japanese	30	10	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	110	50	60
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	10	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	30	20	0
Muslim	195	100	95
Egyptian	95	45	45
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	30	10	15
Tamil	45	20	25
Icelandic	15	0	10
Colombian	20	10	10
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	110	55	60
Syrian	60	25	40
Guyanese	15	0	15
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	25	30
Serbian	385	195	195
Ojibway	15	10	10
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	60	20	40
Ontarian	160	75	90
Persian	55	25	30
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	0	15
Turkish	65	40	25
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	20	10	15
Nigerian	35	20	15
Armenian	105	50	55
Slovak	290	145	145
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	125	70	55
Salvadorean	25	15	10
African Caribbean	35	15	20
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	10	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	210	105	105
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	0	20
Algonquin	15	10	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	35	10	25
South African	65	45	20
Australian	35	10	15
Palestinian	180	90	90
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10
Peruvian	20	0	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	10	25
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	40	15	25
Maltese	120	35	80
Macedonian	310	135	170
Slovenian	70	30	40
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	15	10
New Brunswicker	10	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	65	50	10
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	15	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	20	45
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	25	10	15
African American	60	25	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	65	55
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	80	40	40
Cuban	10	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	50	20	30
Bengali	20	0	15
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	25	15	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	20	0	15
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	35	25	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	30	15	15
Igbo	25	20	10
Byelorussian	20	0	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	15
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	10
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	45	20	30
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	70	35	35
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	40	10	30
Chaldean	95	55	40
Sinhalese	15	0	15
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	45	30	15
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	0	10
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	90	55	35
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	32,480	15,990	16,490
Buddhist	105	55	55
Christian	22,085	10,560	11,530
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,010	965	1,040
Anabaptist	70	30	35
Anglican	1,330	660	670
Baptist	230	105	125
Catholic	15,145	7,280	7,865
Christian Orthodox	810	395	415
Jehovah's Witness	65	30	40
Latter Day Saints	75	35	40
Lutheran	225	105	120
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	10	15
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	315	135	180
Presbyterian	320	140	175
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	775	360	420
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	700	310	390
Hindu	570	305	270
Jewish	55	20	35
Muslim	2,240	1,105	1,130
Sikh	305	150	160
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	50	20	30
No religion and secular perspectives	7,065	3,780	3,285
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	32,200	15,850	16,350
Non-movers	29,685	14,605	15,080
Movers	2,515	1,245	1,270
Non-migrants	1,410	670	735
Migrants	1,105	570	535
Internal migrants	980	495	485
Intraprovincial migrants	920	465	455
Interprovincial migrants	60	30	25
External migrants	125	80	45
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	31,000	15,225	15,780
Non-movers	21,390	10,540	10,850
Movers	9,610	4,680	4,930
Non-migrants	2,875	1,445	1,425
Migrants	6,740	3,235	3,500
Internal migrants	5,935	2,870	3,070
Intraprovincial migrants	5,615	2,715	2,900
Interprovincial migrants	325	155	170
External migrants	800	370	435
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,960	13,170	13,795
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,620	1,830	1,785
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	23,345	11,335	12,005
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,750	8,145	8,610
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	740	405	335
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,010	7,735	8,280
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	26,960	13,165	13,795
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,315	1,640	1,675
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,305	3,510	3,800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,340	8,025	8,315
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,745	3,945	3,800
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,600	1,205	395
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	645	385	260
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	950	820	135
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,650	2,520	3,130
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	495	220	275
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,595	4,080	4,515
Bachelor's degree	5,535	2,560	2,980
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	490	170	320
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	185	145
Master's degree	1,830	880	950
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	280	125
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,755	8,140	8,610
No certificate, diploma or degree	625	340	285
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,575	1,810	1,760
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,555	5,985	6,565
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,615	2,770	2,840
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	975	735	240
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	385	240	145
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	590	495	95
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,270	1,850	2,415
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	365	185	185
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,940	3,215	3,725
Bachelor's degree	4,375	2,005	2,365
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	375	125	250
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	275	140	135
Master's degree	1,565	715	855
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	355	235	115
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	26,960	13,170	13,790
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,620	5,145	5,475
Education	1,190	235	960
13. Education	1,190	235	960
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	215	205
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	0
50. Visual and performing arts	390	190	205
Humanities	595	255	340
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	15	75
23. English language and literature/letters	115	35	75
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	70	70
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	45	20
54. History	95	65	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	0	50
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,870	575	1,295
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	95	140
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	325	15	310
22. Legal professions and studies	200	60	140
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	10
42. Psychology	440	105	330
45. Social sciences	640	290	350
Business, management and public administration	3,170	1,475	1,690
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	310	80	230
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,860	1,395	1,465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	680	320	360
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	300	125	170
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	175	90	80
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	130	85	45
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	10	50
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	635	410	220
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	480	350	130
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	45	60
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	10	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,745	3,445	305
04. Architecture and related services	120	95	30
14. Engineering	1,200	1,025	180
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	685	615	75
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	485	480	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	505	495	10
48. Precision production	755	740	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	175	90	80
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135	65	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	20	10
Health and related fields	3,065	630	2,440
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	110	125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,740	470	2,275
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	45	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	790	375	415
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	385	50	330
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	300	220	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	105	95	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,755	8,145	8,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,205	2,160	2,045
Education	865	135	735
13. Education	865	135	735
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	305	140	165
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	290	125	165
Humanities	390	170	225
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	0	60
23. English language and literature/letters	75	35	40
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	105	55	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	15	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	10
54. History	60	45	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,515	450	1,065
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	85	130
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	280	10	270
22. Legal professions and studies	170	55	120
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	0
42. Psychology	345	90	255
45. Social sciences	480	195	280
Business, management and public administration	2,580	1,170	1,400
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	275	65	215
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,295	1,110	1,190
Physical and life sciences and technologies	480	225	260
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	195	80	110
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	60	65
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	105	70	35
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	520	345	170
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	410	305	100
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	30	45
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,780	2,505	275
04. Architecture and related services	100	80	20
14. Engineering	1,040	875	160
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	495	425	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	300	295	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	285	280	0
48. Precision production	560	555	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140	55	85
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	45	70
03. Natural resources and conservation	30	15	10
Health and related fields	2,355	495	1,855
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	165	80	85
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,110	375	1,735
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	45	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	625	290	335
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	305	45	260
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	245	175	70
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	65	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	16,755	8,145	8,610
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,205	2,160	2,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,550	5,985	6,565
Location of study inside Canada	10,275	4,825	5,450
Same as province or territory of residence	9,970	4,665	5,305
Different than province or territory of residence	310	155	145
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,275	1,160	1,115
Americas	1,135	615	525
United States of America	1,060	580	480
Mexico	15	0	15
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	0
Brazil	20	10	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	10
Europe	315	175	140
Belgium	0	0	0
France	20	0	15
Germany	10	0	0
Netherlands	10	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	50	25	25
Romania	60	30	35
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	45	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	20	20	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	45	25	15
Africa	100	45	55
Nigeria	25	10	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Africa	40	10	25
Asia	690	310	385
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10
Iraq	35	15	20
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	25	15	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	115	60	50
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	65	35	30
Philippines	60	20	40
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0
India	210	95	120
Pakistan	80	30	50
Other locations of study in Asia	50	25	25
Oceania	30	15	15
Australia	30	15	15
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	26,960	13,165	13,795
In the labour force	16,770	8,650	8,120
Employed	14,535	7,505	7,030
Unemployed	2,230	1,145	1,085
Not in the labour force	10,190	4,515	5,675
Participation rate	62.2	65.7	58.9
Employment rate	53.9	57.0	51.0
Unemployment rate	13.3	13.2	13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	26,960	13,170	13,790
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,940	4,425	5,520
Worked	17,025	8,745	8,275
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	9,345	5,210	4,135
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	7,675	3,535	4,140
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	42.9	40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	16,770	8,650	8,120
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365	155	210
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	16,400	8,495	7,905
Employee	14,350	7,245	7,105
Permanent position	12,545	6,355	6,185
Temporary position	1,810	890	920
Fixed term (1 year or more)	630	275	350
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,180	610	565
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,055	1,250	800
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	16,770	8,650	8,120
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365	155	210
All occupations¹⁹¹	16,400	8,495	7,905
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	255	165	90
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,545	740	1,805
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,840	1,510	330
3 Health occupations	1,930	405	1,525
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,220	730	1,490
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	360	190	170
6 Sales and service occupations	3,415	1,505	1,910
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,295	2,130	165
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	265	190	75
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,280	930	345
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	16,770	8,650	8,120
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	365	155	210
All industries¹⁹¹	16,400	8,495	7,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	200	130	70
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	90	85	0
22 Utilities	90	75	15
23 Construction	850	755	95
31-33 Manufacturing	3,090	2,390	695
41 Wholesale trade	365	245	120
44-45 Retail trade	1,600	715	885
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	605	420	190
51 Information and cultural industries	125	65	55
52 Finance and insurance	610	275	330
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	245	105	135
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,165	705	460
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	480	245	230
61 Educational services	1,745	480	1,270
62 Health care and social assistance	2,525	470	2,055
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	365	205	160
72 Accommodation and food services	850	365	480
81 Other services (except public administration)	530	270	265
91 Public administration	860	485	375
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	18,100	9,295	8,805
English	17,460	9,065	8,395
French	95	15	85
Non-official language	30	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	10
English and French	250	75	175
English and non-official language(s)	255	120	140
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	18,100	9,295	8,805
Single responses	18,030	9,265	8,760
Official languages	17,960	9,240	8,725
English	17,795	9,200	8,590
French	165	35	135
Non-official languages	65	30	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	15	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	10	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	75	30	40
English and French	30	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	40	15	30
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	18,100	9,295	8,805
None	17,650	9,120	8,530
English	115	35	75
French	150	50	105
Non-official language	160	75	80
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	160	75	80
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	14,535	7,505	7,030
Worked at home	2,990	1,385	1,605
Worked outside Canada	955	575	385
No fixed workplace address	1,395	930	460
Usual place of work	9,200	4,610	4,585
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,195	4,615	4,585
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,680	775	905
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,370	3,755	3,615
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	135	75	60
Commute to a different province or territory	15	15	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,590	5,545	5,045
Car, truck or van	10,240	5,345	4,895
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,730	5,100	4,630
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	510	245	260
Public transit	20	15	10
Walked	145	80	65
Bicycle	40	40	0
Other method	145	75	75
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,590	5,545	5,045
Less than 15 minutes	3,285	1,680	1,610
15 to 29 minutes	6,090	3,165	2,925
30 to 44 minutes	880	470	410
45 to 59 minutes	195	155	35
60 minutes and over	140	75	65
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,590	5,545	5,045
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	740	490	255
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,830	1,275	560
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,770	1,390	1,375
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,385	1,055	1,330
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,195	460	735
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,675	885	790
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,060	3,620	3,440
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,415	710	705
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,650	2,910	2,740
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,435	2,795	2,645
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,115	560	550
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	820	395	425
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	295	160	130
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,325	2,230	2,085

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 13, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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