Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Midland, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	17,817	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	16,864	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	8,295	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	7,849	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	504.3	...	...	504.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	35.33	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	17,820	8,430	9,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	2,375	1,245	1,135	13.3	14.8	12.1
0 to 4 years	760	380	380	4.3	4.5	4.0
5 to 9 years	810	440	370	4.5	5.2	3.9
10 to 14 years	805	425	380	4.5	5.0	4.0
15 to 64 years	10,460	5,000	5,460	58.7	59.3	58.1
15 to 19 years	810	415	390	4.5	4.9	4.2
20 to 24 years	810	425	390	4.5	5.0	4.2
25 to 29 years	1,020	490	525	5.7	5.8	5.6
30 to 34 years	1,065	515	545	6.0	6.1	5.8
35 to 39 years	955	460	500	5.4	5.5	5.3
40 to 44 years	895	435	460	5.0	5.2	4.9
45 to 49 years	980	425	550	5.5	5.0	5.9
50 to 54 years	955	465	490	5.4	5.5	5.2
55 to 59 years	1,420	665	755	8.0	7.9	8.0
60 to 64 years	1,550	705	850	8.7	8.4	9.0
65 years and over	4,980	2,180	2,800	27.9	25.9	29.8
65 to 69 years	1,495	665	830	8.4	7.9	8.8
70 to 74 years	1,270	600	665	7.1	7.1	7.1
75 to 79 years	935	400	530	5.2	4.7	5.6
80 to 84 years	575	250	325	3.2	3.0	3.5
85 years and over	715	270	440	4.0	3.2	4.7
85 to 89 years	405	185	225	2.3	2.2	2.4
90 to 94 years	215	70	145	1.2	0.8	1.5
95 to 99 years	80	15	65	0.4	0.2	0.7
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.3	14.8	12.1	13.3	14.8	12.1
15 to 64 years	58.7	59.3	58.1	58.7	59.3	58.1
65 years and over	27.9	25.9	29.8	27.9	25.9	29.8
85 years and over	4.0	3.2	4.7	4.0	3.2	4.7
Average age of the population	47.1	45.5	48.5	47.1	45.5	48.5
Median age of the population	50.0	47.6	52.4	50.0	47.6	52.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	7,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,105	...	...	65.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	280	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	430	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	470	...	...	6.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	945	...	...	12.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	530	...	...	6.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	1.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	7,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,455	...	...	31.3	...	...
2 persons	3,030	...	...	38.6	...	...
3 persons	1,155	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	820	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	390	...	...	5.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	17,390	8,290	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	15,440	7,185	8,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	8,345	4,140	4,200	54.0	57.6	50.8
Married	6,430	3,190	3,240	41.6	44.4	39.2
Living common-law	1,910	955	955	12.4	13.3	11.6
Living common law - Never married	1,230	620	610	8.0	8.6	7.4
Living common law - Separated	110	50	60	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	485	245	240	3.1	3.4	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	85	40	45	0.6	0.6	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	7,095	3,040	4,055	46.0	42.3	49.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,865	2,020	1,845	25.0	28.1	22.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	560	240	320	3.6	3.3	3.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,350	490	855	8.7	6.8	10.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,320	285	1,035	8.5	4.0	12.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	5,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,175	...	...	61.2	...	...
3 persons	1,060	...	...	20.4	...	...
4 persons	705	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	250	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	5,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	4,080	...	...	78.7	...	...
Married couples	3,130	...	...	60.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,240	...	...	23.9	...	...
Without children	1,890	...	...	36.5	...	...
Common-law couples	955	...	...	18.4	...	...
With children⁶	390	...	...	7.5	...	...
Without children	565	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,110	...	...	21.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	865	...	...	16.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	235	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	17,390	8,290	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	13,675	6,725	6,950	78.6	81.1	76.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	8,165	4,070	4,095	47.0	49.1	45.0
Parents in one-parent families	1,105	240	870	6.4	2.9	9.6
Children⁶	4,405	2,415	1,990	25.3	29.1	21.9
In a two-parent family	2,775	1,475	1,300	16.0	17.8	14.3
In a one-parent family	1,625	935	685	9.3	11.3	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,720	1,565	2,155	21.4	18.9	23.7
Living alone	2,455	965	1,490	14.1	11.6	16.4
Living with other relatives⁷	455	190	270	2.6	2.3	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	805	410	395	4.6	4.9	4.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	7,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	4,495	...	...	57.3	...	...
Couple-family households	3,650	...	...	46.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,445	...	...	18.4	...	...
Without children	2,205	...	...	28.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	840	...	...	10.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	205	...	...	2.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	295	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	355	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	2,450	...	...	31.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	15,020	7,050	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,640	6,855	7,785	97.5	97.2	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,200	33,600	36,000	39,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,645	6,860	7,785	97.5	97.3	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,400	33,200	35,600	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,410	5,910	6,500	82.6	83.8	81.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,800	34,000	24,200	28,800	34,000	24,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,095	4,520	4,580	60.6	64.1	57.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	35,600	27,800	31,200	35,600	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,605	6,335	7,270	90.6	89.9	91.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	11,600	14,000	13,000	11,600	14,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,400	665	735	9.3	9.4	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,800	5,480	5,560	5,800	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,780	1,875	1,900	25.2	26.6	23.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	15,020	7,050	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,640	6,830	7,805	97.5	96.9	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,160	48,480	42,240	45,160	48,480	42,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,650	6,840	7,805	97.5	97.0	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,840	41,120	36,840	38,840	41,120	36,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,440	5,895	6,540	82.8	83.6	82.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,120	43,480	35,200	39,120	43,480	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,095	4,425	4,675	60.6	62.8	58.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	44,000	37,360	40,600	44,000	37,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,605	6,315	7,295	90.6	89.6	91.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,790	11,840	13,620	12,790	11,840	13,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,395	655	740	9.3	9.3	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,190	5,930	6,420	6,190	5,930	6,420
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,965	1,990	1,975	26.4	28.2	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,340	9,270	8,800	8,340	9,270
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	15,015	7,050	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	4,030	2,075	1,955	26.8	29.4	24.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	58,800	51,600	54,800	58,800	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,500	67,000	57,700	62,500	67,000	57,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,735	1,720	2,015	24.9	24.4	25.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,400	17,800	13,500	15,400	17,800	13,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,900	27,240	21,060	23,900	27,240	21,060
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.6	77.4	69.8	73.6	77.4	69.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.9	58.8	53.0	55.9	58.8	53.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.4	22.6	30.1	26.4	22.6	30.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.7	6.8	6.2	5.7	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.3	5.0	5.6	5.3	5.0	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	15,015	7,050	7,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	380	195	190	2.5	2.8	2.4
With total income	14,640	6,855	7,780	97.5	97.2	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,010	440	570	6.9	6.4	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	2,080	875	1,205	14.2	12.8	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,835	1,215	1,620	19.4	17.7	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,220	970	1,250	15.2	14.2	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,715	795	915	11.7	11.6	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,390	670	720	9.5	9.8	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	970	510	460	6.6	7.4	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	750	410	335	5.1	6.0	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	430	250	175	2.9	3.6	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	360	195	170	2.5	2.8	2.2
$100,000 and over	890	530	360	6.1	7.7	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	650	370	275	4.4	5.4	3.5
$150,000 and over	240	155	85	1.6	2.3	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	15,015	7,050	7,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	375	195	185	2.5	2.8	2.3
With after-tax income	14,645	6,855	7,785	97.5	97.2	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,075	450	620	7.3	6.6	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,170	920	1,255	14.8	13.4	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	3,180	1,375	1,805	21.7	20.1	23.2
$30,000 to $39,999	2,535	1,155	1,380	17.3	16.8	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	1,920	915	1,010	13.1	13.3	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,375	690	680	9.4	10.1	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	895	490	400	6.1	7.1	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	525	295	225	3.6	4.3	2.9
$80,000 to $89,999	365	200	165	2.5	2.9	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	210	120	95	1.4	1.8	1.2
$100,000 and over	405	245	155	2.8	3.6	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	220	130	90	1.5	1.9	1.2
$125,000 and over	180	120	60	1.2	1.8	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	15,015	7,050	7,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	5,920	2,530	3,395	39.4	35.9	42.6
With employment income	9,095	4,520	4,575	60.6	64.1	57.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,560	715	845	17.2	15.8	18.5
$5,000 to $9,999	725	305	420	8.0	6.7	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,160	540	620	12.8	11.9	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	960	445	515	10.6	9.8	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	940	430	515	10.3	9.5	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	885	455	430	9.7	10.1	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	765	410	350	8.4	9.1	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	560	315	240	6.2	7.0	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	410	225	180	4.5	5.0	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	270	160	105	3.0	3.5	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	270	135	135	3.0	3.0	3.0
$100,000 and over	590	375	210	6.5	8.3	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	325	205	125	3.6	4.5	2.7
$125,000 and over	260	175	90	2.9	3.9	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	15,020	7,050	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,455	6,760	7,690	96.2	95.9	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,400	31,200	34,000	38,400	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,455	6,760	7,695	96.2	95.9	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	34,800	29,000	31,400	34,800	29,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,350	5,905	6,450	82.2	83.8	80.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,800	26,800	31,200	36,800	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,235	4,605	4,630	61.5	65.3	58.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,000	30,400	33,600	38,000	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,015	6,005	7,010	86.7	85.2	88.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700	5,480	10,200	8,700	5,480	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,105	500	605	7.4	7.1	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,600	5,280	5,360	5,600	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	15,020	7,050	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,485	6,750	7,735	96.4	95.7	97.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	46,680	39,360	42,760	46,680	39,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,485	6,750	7,735	96.4	95.7	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,920	39,840	34,360	36,920	39,840	34,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,370	5,870	6,495	82.4	83.3	81.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,760	35,680	40,000	44,760	35,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,305	4,545	4,760	62.0	64.5	59.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,840	44,880	37,000	40,840	44,880	37,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,065	6,060	7,000	87.0	86.0	87.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,570	8,640	10,380	9,570	8,640	10,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,010	415	600	6.7	5.9	7.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,970	6,340	5,700	5,970	6,340	5,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	15,015	7,050	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,995	2,065	1,925	26.6	29.3	24.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	55,600	47,600	52,000	55,600	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,350	62,950	55,500	59,350	62,950	55,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	3,585	1,655	1,930	23.9	23.5	24.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	26,000	20,600	22,800	26,000	20,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,600	34,720	27,040	30,600	34,720	27,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.8	83.4	76.2	79.8	83.4	76.2
Employment income (%)	61.4	64.8	57.9	61.4	64.8	57.9
Government transfers (%)	20.2	16.6	23.9	20.2	16.6	23.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.1	1.0	0.8	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	7,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,600	...	...	31,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	5,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	7,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,200	...	...	84,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,680	...	...	44,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,960	...	...	38,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	5,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	7,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	130	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	405	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	430	...	...	5.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	310	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	340	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	365	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	355	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	675	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	625	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	640	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	525	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	495	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,235	...	...	28.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	815	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	530	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	520	...	...	6.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	370	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	7,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	60	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	135	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	235	...	...	3.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	420	...	...	5.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	490	...	...	6.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	345	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	375	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	440	...	...	5.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	420	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	785	...	...	10.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	755	...	...	9.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	675	...	...	8.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	580	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	415	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,695	...	...	21.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	765	...	...	9.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	420	...	...	5.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	510	...	...	6.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	5,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,035	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	57,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,260	1,375	1,885	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	32,400	33,200	32,800	32,400	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	30,400	30,800	30,800	30,400	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	5,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...	87,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	113,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...	68,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,600	...	...	60,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,325	1,395	1,930	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,400	41,560	43,040	42,400	41,560	43,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,240	36,080	38,040	37,240	36,080	38,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	17,395	8,290	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,870	1,480	1,385	16.5	17.9	15.2
0 to 5 years	920	460	460	5.3	5.5	5.1
18 to 64 years	9,900	4,725	5,170	56.9	57.0	56.8
65 years and over	4,625	2,085	2,550	26.6	25.2	28.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,465	1,125	1,345	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	485	255	230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	140	70	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,315	620	695	...	...	...
65 years and over	665	245	415	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.2	13.5	14.8	14.2	13.5	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	16.9	17.0	16.8	16.9	17.0	16.8
0 to 5 years (%)	15.2	15.6	14.8	15.2	15.6	14.8
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	13.2	13.4	13.3	13.2	13.4
65 years and over (%)	14.3	11.9	16.3	14.3	11.9	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	17,390	8,290	9,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	2,870	1,480	1,390	16.5	17.9	15.3
0 to 5 years	915	460	455	5.3	5.5	5.0
18 to 64 years	9,895	4,730	5,165	56.9	57.1	56.7
65 years and over	4,625	2,080	2,545	26.6	25.1	28.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	620	335	290	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	80	50	30	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	480	255	225	...	...	...
65 years and over	65	30	35	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	4.0	3.2	3.6	4.0	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8	3.4	2.2	2.8	3.4	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	2.0	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.4	4.3	4.8	5.4	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	17,395	8,290	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	10,605	4,925	5,675	61.0	59.4	62.4
In bottom decile	2,150	1,000	1,155	12.4	12.1	12.7
In second decile	2,420	1,090	1,330	13.9	13.1	14.6
In third decile	2,020	915	1,110	11.6	11.0	12.2
In fourth decile	2,105	1,000	1,100	12.1	12.1	12.1
In fifth decile	1,905	925	985	11.0	11.2	10.8
In top half of the distribution	6,790	3,360	3,425	39.0	40.5	37.6
In sixth decile	1,680	825	855	9.7	10.0	9.4
In seventh decile	1,525	745	785	8.8	9.0	8.6
In eighth decile	1,345	675	675	7.7	8.1	7.4
In ninth decile	1,270	635	635	7.3	7.7	7.0
In top decile	965	480	485	5.5	5.8	5.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	17,390	...	...	17,390	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321	...	...	0.321	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.483	...	...	0.483	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	17,610	8,355	9,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	16,105	7,720	8,380	91.5	92.4	90.5
French only	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	1,470	615	855	8.3	7.4	9.2
Neither English nor French	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	17,610	8,355	9,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	17,065	8,115	8,945	96.9	97.1	96.6
French	490	205	280	2.8	2.5	3.0
English and French	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	17,610	8,355	9,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,320	8,245	9,075	98.4	98.7	98.0
Official languages	16,255	7,780	8,470	92.3	93.1	91.5
English	15,680	7,530	8,145	89.0	90.1	88.0
French	580	250	330	3.3	3.0	3.6
Non-official languages	1,060	460	600	6.0	5.5	6.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,055	460	595	6.0	5.5	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	810	355	455	4.6	4.2	4.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	85	90	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	85	85	1.0	1.0	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Polish	75	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
Russian	40	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	320	140	185	1.8	1.7	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	240	105	140	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	235	105	135	1.3	1.3	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	125	40	85	0.7	0.5	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	120	40	85	0.7	0.5	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	10	55	0.4	0.1	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	155	70	90	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	50	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	295	110	185	1.7	1.3	2.0
English and French	155	55	100	0.9	0.7	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	120	55	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	17,610	8,355	9,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,335	7,805	8,530	92.8	93.4	92.1
French	60	35	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	165	70	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	165	70	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	300	115	185	1.7	1.4	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	715	320	390	4.1	3.8	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	5	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	17,610	8,355	9,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	17,425	8,275	9,150	98.9	99.0	98.8
Official languages	17,050	8,110	8,940	96.8	97.1	96.5
English	16,955	8,070	8,885	96.3	96.6	96.0
French	95	40	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	375	165	215	2.1	2.0	2.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	375	165	215	2.1	2.0	2.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	260	115	150	1.5	1.4	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	75	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
German	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	85	30	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	85	30	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	5	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	5	45	0.3	0.1	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	190	80	105	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	70	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	120	50	65	0.7	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	17,610	8,355	9,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	16,725	7,975	8,745	95.0	95.5	94.4
English	215	90	125	1.2	1.1	1.3
French	205	75	125	1.2	0.9	1.3
Non-official language	395	190	210	2.2	2.3	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous	375	175	200	2.1	2.1	2.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	17,390	8,290	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	17,350	8,270	9,080	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	17,345	8,270	9,075	99.7	99.8	99.7
French	1,455	630	825	8.4	7.6	9.1
Non-official languages	1,435	630	800	8.3	7.6	8.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,405	625	780	8.1	7.5	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	45	20	0.4	0.5	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	55	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,020	470	555	5.9	5.7	6.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	170	90	80	1.0	1.1	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	90	80	1.0	1.1	0.9
Belarusian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian	85	45	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	335	150	180	1.9	1.8	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	270	130	145	1.6	1.6	1.6
German	270	130	145	1.6	1.6	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Danish	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	175	55	115	1.0	0.7	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	155	45	105	0.9	0.5	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	125	35	90	0.7	0.4	1.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	0	60	0.3	0.0	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	330	145	180	1.9	1.7	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	130	50	75	0.7	0.6	0.8
Portuguese	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Romanian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	150	70	80	0.9	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	45	65	0.7	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	75	30	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
S'gaw Karen	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	25	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hungarian	55	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,395	8,290	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,500	1,205	1,295	14.4	14.5	14.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,435	1,175	1,260	14.0	14.2	13.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	690	365	320	4.0	4.4	3.5
Métis	1,745	810	935	10.0	9.8	10.3
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	10	30	0.3	0.1	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	14,895	7,085	7,810	85.6	85.5	85.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	17,395	8,290	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	480	250	225	2.8	3.0	2.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	16,915	8,035	8,870	97.2	96.9	97.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	7,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	5,155	...	...	65.7	...	...
Renter	2,695	...	...	34.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	7,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	440	...	...	5.6	...	...
Not condominium	7,410	...	...	94.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	7,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	830	...	...	10.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,330	...	...	29.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,040	...	...	38.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,600	...	...	20.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	7,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,050	...	...	26.1	...	...
5 rooms	1,260	...	...	16.1	...	...
6 rooms	1,195	...	...	15.2	...	...
7 rooms	1,010	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,340	...	...	29.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	7,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	7,780	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	70	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	7,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	7,635	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	215	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	7,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,350	...	...	30.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,485	...	...	31.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,020	...	...	13.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	725	...	...	9.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	255	...	...	3.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	380	...	...	4.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	250	...	...	3.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	380	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	7,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	7,225	...	...	92.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	625	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	7,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,175	...	...	53.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	3,465	...	...	44.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	210	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	7,845	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	110	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	845	...	...	10.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,025	...	...	13.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,135	...	...	14.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,710	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,670	...	...	21.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	965	...	...	12.3	...	...
85 years and over	375	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	7,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,015	...	...	76.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,815	...	...	23.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,665	...	...	21.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	7,850	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,405	...	...	30.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,585	...	...	20.2	...	...
Not suitable only	175	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	405	...	...	5.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	200	...	...	2.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,445	...	...	69.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	7,675	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	865	...	...	11.3	...	...
Not in core need	6,815	...	...	88.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,150	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.8	...	...	54.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.4	...	...	13.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,228	...	...	1,228	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	522,000	...	...	522,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,695	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	20.8	...	...	20.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.0	...	...	42.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.4	...	...	25.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,126	...	...	1,126	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	17,395	8,290	9,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	950	465	485	5.5	5.6	5.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	895	440	455	5.1	5.3	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	360	205	155	2.1	2.5	1.7
Métis single ancestry	540	240	295	3.1	2.9	3.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,810	885	930	10.4	10.7	10.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,715	835	875	9.9	10.1	9.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	740	380	365	4.3	4.6	4.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	970	460	510	5.6	5.5	5.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	100	45	50	0.6	0.5	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	45	50	0.6	0.5	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	14,630	6,940	7,690	84.1	83.7	84.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	17,395	8,290	9,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	16,970	8,115	8,850	97.6	97.9	97.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,890	1,530	1,360	16.6	18.5	14.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	14,085	6,585	7,500	81.0	79.4	82.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	420	170	250	2.4	2.1	2.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	17,395	8,290	9,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	15,665	7,495	8,170	90.1	90.4	89.7
Immigrants⁸¹	1,655	780	870	9.5	9.4	9.6
Before 1980	785	365	425	4.5	4.4	4.7
1980 to 1990	190	105	85	1.1	1.3	0.9
1991 to 2000	120	45	75	0.7	0.5	0.8
2001 to 2010	270	130	140	1.6	1.6	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	285	135	150	1.6	1.6	1.6
2011 to 2015	130	70	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
2016 to 2021	160	70	90	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	75	15	60	0.4	0.2	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,650	780	875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	215	120	95	13.0	15.4	10.9
5 to 14 years	290	145	150	17.6	18.6	17.1
15 to 24 years	460	185	275	27.9	23.7	31.4
25 to 44 years	535	255	280	32.4	32.7	32.0
45 years and over	150	70	80	9.1	9.0	9.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,650	780	875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	150	65	80	9.1	8.3	9.1
Brazil	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Colombia	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	0	15	1.5	0.0	1.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	55	25	30	3.3	3.2	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	35	25	10	2.1	3.2	1.1
Europe	1,040	505	540	63.0	64.7	61.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	15	1.5	1.3	1.7
Germany	205	105	100	12.4	13.5	11.4
Greece	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Hungary	40	25	15	2.4	3.2	1.7
Italy	65	25	35	3.9	3.2	4.0
Netherlands	45	40	10	2.7	5.1	1.1
Poland	30	10	15	1.8	1.3	1.7
Portugal	20	10	0	1.2	1.3	0.0
Romania	20	10	15	1.2	1.3	1.7
Russian Federation	35	15	15	2.1	1.9	1.7
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	380	170	210	23.0	21.8	24.0
Other places of birth in Europe	165	70	95	10.0	9.0	10.9
Africa	60	35	20	3.6	4.5	2.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	1.2	1.3	1.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	15	15	0	0.9	1.9	0.0
Asia	390	165	225	23.6	21.2	25.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	1.8	2.6	1.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	25	25	2.7	3.2	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	20	1.2	0.0	2.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	20	40	3.6	2.6	4.6
Viet Nam	20	0	20	1.2	0.0	2.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	80	40	40	4.8	5.1	4.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	95	40	50	5.8	5.1	5.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	160	70	90	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	35	15	20	21.9	21.4	22.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	9.4	0.0	11.1
Africa	10	10	10	6.3	14.3	11.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	6.3	0.0	0.0
Asia	95	45	55	59.4	64.3	61.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	20	10	10	12.5	14.3	11.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	10	20	15.6	14.3	22.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10	18.8	21.4	11.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	6.3	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	17,390	8,290	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,825	840	985	10.5	10.1	10.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,220	1,115	1,100	12.8	13.4	12.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,350	6,330	7,020	76.8	76.4	77.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	865	415	450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	445	230	215	51.4	55.4	47.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	190	150	40	22.0	36.1	8.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	255	80	170	29.5	19.3	37.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	300	125	175	34.7	30.1	38.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	65	60	13.9	15.7	13.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	865	415	450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	10	2.3	2.4	2.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	115	50	65	13.3	12.0	14.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25	20	0	2.9	4.8	0.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25	15	15	2.9	3.6	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	675	320	355	78.0	77.1	78.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	17,395	8,290	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	925	375	545	5.3	4.5	6.0
South Asian	235	80	155	1.4	1.0	1.7
Chinese	100	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
Black	185	80	110	1.1	1.0	1.2
Filipino	85	35	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Arab	40	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Latin American	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	95	40	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
Japanese	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,470	7,910	8,560	94.7	95.4	94.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	17,390	8,290	9,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,970	1,480	1,485	17.1	17.9	16.3
English	4,950	2,305	2,650	28.5	27.8	29.1
Irish	3,330	1,480	1,855	19.1	17.9	20.4
Scottish	3,545	1,570	1,980	20.4	18.9	21.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,065	1,495	1,565	17.6	18.0	17.2
German	1,575	765	805	9.1	9.2	8.8
Chinese	105	55	55	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italian	840	420	425	4.8	5.1	4.7
Indian (India)	200	70	130	1.2	0.8	1.4
Ukrainian	395	180	210	2.3	2.2	2.3
Dutch	545	290	255	3.1	3.5	2.8
Polish	495	200	295	2.8	2.4	3.2
Québécois	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	735	390	345	4.2	4.7	3.8
Filipino	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
French Canadian	640	275	370	3.7	3.3	4.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	460	195	265	2.6	2.4	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	550	305	250	3.2	3.7	2.7
Métis	1,665	765	890	9.6	9.2	9.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	300	165	135	1.7	2.0	1.5
Russian	140	65	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
Norwegian	85	45	40	0.5	0.5	0.4
Welsh	350	170	185	2.0	2.1	2.0
Portuguese	120	70	50	0.7	0.8	0.5
American	130	80	50	0.7	1.0	0.5
Spanish	100	45	55	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swedish	80	35	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	155	60	100	0.9	0.7	1.1
Acadian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	50	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	80	45	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	125	45	80	0.7	0.5	0.9
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Korean	35	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
Romanian	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	90	45	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	125	50	80	0.7	0.6	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	160	65	90	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	115	40	75	0.7	0.5	0.8
Belgian	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	65	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	105	35	70	0.6	0.4	0.8
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	75	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Tamil	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	50	10	40	0.3	0.1	0.4
Syrian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	330	155	170	1.9	1.9	1.9
Newfoundlander	90	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	240	130	110	1.4	1.6	1.2
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slovak	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovenian	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	60	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.3
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	17,395	8,290	9,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Christian	9,775	4,405	5,365	56.2	53.1	58.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	825	370	455	4.7	4.5	5.0
Anabaptist	20	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Anglican	1,040	425	620	6.0	5.1	6.8
Baptist	130	70	60	0.7	0.8	0.7
Catholic	5,045	2,325	2,720	29.0	28.0	29.9
Christian Orthodox	175	100	80	1.0	1.2	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	200	105	95	1.1	1.3	1.0
Latter Day Saints	65	40	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Lutheran	100	35	65	0.6	0.4	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	190	70	120	1.1	0.8	1.3
Presbyterian	430	195	235	2.5	2.4	2.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,040	420	615	6.0	5.1	6.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	470	225	245	2.7	2.7	2.7
Hindu	100	55	45	0.6	0.7	0.5
Jewish	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	45	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Sikh	60	0	60	0.3	0.0	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	105	40	65	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	7,185	3,705	3,480	41.3	44.7	38.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	17,215	8,210	9,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,510	7,445	8,065	90.1	90.7	89.6
Movers	1,710	770	945	9.9	9.4	10.5
Non-migrants	625	285	340	3.6	3.5	3.8
Migrants	1,090	480	605	6.3	5.8	6.7
Internal migrants	1,065	470	595	6.2	5.7	6.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,040	455	580	6.0	5.5	6.4
Interprovincial migrants	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	16,620	7,900	8,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	9,600	4,530	5,065	57.8	57.3	58.1
Movers	7,020	3,365	3,655	42.2	42.6	41.9
Non-migrants	1,945	965	985	11.7	12.2	11.3
Migrants	5,070	2,405	2,665	30.5	30.4	30.6
Internal migrants	4,870	2,315	2,550	29.3	29.3	29.2
Intraprovincial migrants	4,705	2,230	2,475	28.3	28.2	28.4
Interprovincial migrants	165	90	80	1.0	1.1	0.9
External migrants	200	85	115	1.2	1.1	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,020	7,050	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,220	1,735	1,490	21.4	24.6	18.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,795	5,315	6,485	78.5	75.4	81.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,820	4,090	4,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,075	675	395	12.2	16.5	8.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,745	3,415	4,325	87.8	83.5	91.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	15,020	7,050	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,830	1,460	1,370	18.8	20.7	17.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,980	2,360	2,615	33.2	33.5	32.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,210	3,225	3,985	48.0	45.7	50.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,980	2,255	2,720	33.2	32.0	34.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,010	745	270	6.7	10.6	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	480	275	205	3.2	3.9	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	530	465	60	3.5	6.6	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,765	1,430	2,340	25.1	20.3	29.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	200	85	115	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,235	970	1,265	14.9	13.8	15.9
Bachelor's degree	1,585	685	900	10.6	9.7	11.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	200	85	115	1.3	1.2	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Master's degree	365	155	210	2.4	2.2	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	60	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,820	4,095	4,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	925	560	365	10.5	13.7	7.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,965	1,475	1,490	33.6	36.0	31.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,935	2,060	2,870	56.0	50.3	60.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,385	1,465	1,925	38.4	35.8	40.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	570	405	165	6.5	9.9	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	270	145	125	3.1	3.5	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	300	260	40	3.4	6.3	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,720	1,035	1,685	30.8	25.3	35.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	25	75	1.1	0.6	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,545	595	950	17.5	14.5	20.1
Bachelor's degree	1,115	445	675	12.6	10.9	14.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	155	50	100	1.8	1.2	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	235	85	145	2.7	2.1	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	15,020	7,050	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,810	3,825	3,985	52.0	54.3	50.0
Education	370	135	235	2.5	1.9	2.9
13. Education	370	135	235	2.5	1.9	2.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	330	155	175	2.2	2.2	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	35	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	290	120	175	1.9	1.7	2.2
Humanities	345	120	225	2.3	1.7	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	95	0	90	0.6	0.0	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	30	55	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	35	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
54. History	60	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	935	305	640	6.2	4.3	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	40	40	0.5	0.6	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	280	35	250	1.9	0.5	3.1
22. Legal professions and studies	135	55	85	0.9	0.8	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	160	45	120	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	245	125	120	1.6	1.8	1.5
Business, management and public administration	1,245	470	775	8.3	6.7	9.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200	40	160	1.3	0.6	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,040	430	620	6.9	6.1	7.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	155	75	80	1.0	1.1	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	75	30	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	170	85	80	1.1	1.2	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	135	60	70	0.9	0.9	0.9
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,370	1,290	75	9.1	18.3	0.9
04. Architecture and related services	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	125	120	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	305	280	25	2.0	4.0	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	335	330	0	2.2	4.7	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	330	320	10	2.2	4.5	0.1
48. Precision production	240	230	15	1.6	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	185	85	95	1.2	1.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	120	35	85	0.8	0.5	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	50	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
Health and related fields	1,555	295	1,265	10.4	4.2	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	40	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,480	255	1,225	9.9	3.6	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	555	215	340	3.7	3.0	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	355	80	275	2.4	1.1	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	105	50	60	0.7	0.7	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	90	80	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,815	4,090	4,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,885	2,035	1,850	44.1	49.8	39.2
Education	215	70	140	2.4	1.7	3.0
13. Education	215	70	140	2.4	1.7	3.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	245	110	140	2.8	2.7	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	230	95	140	2.6	2.3	3.0
Humanities	220	70	150	2.5	1.7	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	65	0	60	0.7	0.0	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	15	45	0.7	0.4	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	30	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
54. History	30	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	665	180	485	7.5	4.4	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	35	30	0.7	0.9	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	220	25	200	2.5	0.6	4.2
22. Legal professions and studies	105	25	80	1.2	0.6	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	100	25	70	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	155	70	85	1.8	1.7	1.8
Business, management and public administration	875	330	545	9.9	8.1	11.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	140	35	105	1.6	0.9	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	735	295	440	8.3	7.2	9.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	95	35	70	1.1	0.9	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	50	20	30	0.6	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	70	65	1.5	1.7	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	55	60	1.3	1.3	1.3
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	840	790	55	9.5	19.3	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
14. Engineering	85	75	0	1.0	1.8	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	205	185	15	2.3	4.5	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	195	195	0	2.2	4.8	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	180	170	10	2.0	4.2	0.2
48. Precision production	165	155	0	1.9	3.8	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	135	55	80	1.5	1.3	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	100	35	70	1.1	0.9	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	25	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	1,105	205	895	12.5	5.0	18.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	60	35	25	0.7	0.9	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,040	175	865	11.8	4.3	18.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	395	150	245	4.5	3.7	5.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	240	60	180	2.7	1.5	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	100	40	50	1.1	1.0	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	45	10	0.6	1.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	8,815	4,090	4,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,885	2,035	1,850	44.1	49.8	39.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	4,930	2,060	2,875	55.9	50.4	60.8
Location of study inside Canada	4,495	1,880	2,610	51.0	46.0	55.2
Same as province or territory of residence	4,335	1,810	2,525	49.2	44.3	53.4
Different than province or territory of residence	155	70	80	1.8	1.7	1.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	440	180	260	5.0	4.4	5.5
Americas	90	35	55	1.0	0.9	1.2
United States of America	70	25	40	0.8	0.6	0.8
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	175	95	80	2.0	2.3	1.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	40	25	10	0.5	0.6	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Africa	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	145	35	110	1.6	0.9	2.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	20	65	1.0	0.5	1.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	15,020	7,050	7,970	...	...	...
In the labour force	7,915	3,885	4,025	...	...	...
Employed	6,905	3,375	3,530	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,010	505	500	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	7,105	3,160	3,940	...	...	...
Participation rate	52.7	55.1	50.5	52.7	55.1	50.5
Employment rate	46.0	47.9	44.3	46.0	47.9	44.3
Unemployment rate	12.8	13.0	12.4	12.8	13.0	12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	15,020	7,050	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,905	3,085	3,820	46.0	43.8	47.9
Worked	8,110	3,965	4,150	54.0	56.2	52.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	4,135	2,145	1,990	27.5	30.4	25.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	3,985	1,820	2,160	26.5	25.8	27.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.3	40.9	39.8	40.3	40.9	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	7,915	3,885	4,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	175	110	70	2.2	2.8	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	7,740	3,775	3,965	97.8	97.2	98.4
Employee	6,735	3,215	3,525	85.1	82.8	87.5
Permanent position	5,860	2,810	3,045	74.0	72.3	75.6
Temporary position	880	400	480	11.1	10.3	11.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	215	90	120	2.7	2.3	3.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	665	310	360	8.4	8.0	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,005	565	440	12.7	14.5	10.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	7,915	3,885	4,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	175	110	70	2.2	2.8	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	7,740	3,775	3,965	97.8	97.2	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	65	50	20	0.8	1.3	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,070	265	800	13.5	6.8	19.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	370	330	40	4.7	8.5	1.0
3 Health occupations	870	175	690	11.0	4.5	17.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	810	235	575	10.2	6.0	14.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	230	75	150	2.9	1.9	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	2,265	955	1,310	28.6	24.6	32.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,400	1,260	135	17.7	32.4	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	90	70	20	1.1	1.8	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	575	355	220	7.3	9.1	5.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	7,915	3,885	4,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	175	110	70	2.2	2.8	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	7,740	3,775	3,965	97.8	97.2	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	50	30	25	0.6	0.8	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
22 Utilities	50	50	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
23 Construction	630	545	80	8.0	14.0	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,115	760	360	14.1	19.6	8.9
41 Wholesale trade	145	100	40	1.8	2.6	1.0
44-45 Retail trade	1,030	480	550	13.0	12.4	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	245	170	75	3.1	4.4	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	100	50	45	1.3	1.3	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	215	75	135	2.7	1.9	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	135	70	60	1.7	1.8	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	420	200	220	5.3	5.1	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	345	185	160	4.4	4.8	4.0
61 Educational services	340	90	245	4.3	2.3	6.1
62 Health care and social assistance	1,505	285	1,220	19.0	7.3	30.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	215	135	80	2.7	3.5	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	585	265	320	7.4	6.8	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	295	130	170	3.7	3.3	4.2
91 Public administration	300	140	160	3.8	3.6	4.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	8,740	4,245	4,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	8,435	4,150	4,290	96.5	97.8	95.5
French	30	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.7
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	180	60	115	2.1	1.4	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	85	25	60	1.0	0.6	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	8,740	4,245	4,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	8,715	4,245	4,475	99.7	100.0	99.7
Official languages	8,710	4,245	4,465	99.7	100.0	99.4
English	8,670	4,235	4,435	99.2	99.8	98.8
French	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
English and French	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	8,740	4,245	4,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	8,485	4,155	4,330	97.1	97.9	96.4
English	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
French	160	55	100	1.8	1.3	2.2
Non-official language	50	25	25	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	6,905	3,380	3,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,100	435	665	15.9	12.9	18.8
Worked outside Canada	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
No fixed workplace address	885	580	305	12.8	17.2	8.6
Usual place of work	4,905	2,360	2,550	71.0	69.8	72.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,905	2,355	2,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,965	1,350	1,620	60.4	57.3	63.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,580	795	790	32.2	33.8	31.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	345	210	135	7.0	8.9	5.3
Commute to a different province or territory	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,795	2,940	2,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	5,085	2,595	2,490	87.7	88.3	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,515	2,395	2,120	77.9	81.5	74.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	570	200	370	9.8	6.8	13.0
Public transit	50	25	30	0.9	0.9	1.1
Walked	455	220	230	7.9	7.5	8.1
Bicycle	40	25	10	0.7	0.9	0.4
Other method	160	75	85	2.8	2.6	3.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,795	2,940	2,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	3,400	1,565	1,835	58.7	53.2	64.4
15 to 29 minutes	955	445	510	16.5	15.1	17.9
30 to 44 minutes	490	310	185	8.5	10.5	6.5
45 to 59 minutes	435	260	170	7.5	8.8	6.0
60 minutes and over	510	355	155	8.8	12.1	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,795	2,940	2,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	510	275	235	8.8	9.4	8.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,085	600	485	18.7	20.4	17.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,385	760	625	23.9	25.9	21.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,170	470	705	20.2	16.0	24.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	690	290	400	11.9	9.9	14.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	955	545	410	16.5	18.5	14.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,920	1,505	1,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	480	230	245	16.4	15.3	17.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,450	1,280	1,170	83.9	85.0	82.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,105	1,100	1,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	350	165	180	16.6	15.0	17.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	175	80	95	8.3	7.3	9.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	170	85	85	8.1	7.7	8.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,755	930	825	83.4	84.5	81.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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