Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MiltonMore information: Ontario [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	124,579
Population, 2016¹	101,885^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	22.3
Total private dwellings²	37,981
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,179
Population density per square kilometre	2,755.9
Land area in square kilometres	45.20
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	124,580
0 to 14 years	30,830
0 to 4 years	8,595
5 to 9 years	10,645
10 to 14 years	11,590
15 to 64 years	82,305
15 to 19 years	8,950
20 to 24 years	6,365
25 to 29 years	6,455
30 to 34 years	8,950
35 to 39 years	10,985
40 to 44 years	11,940
45 to 49 years	10,460
50 to 54 years	7,875
55 to 59 years	5,885
60 to 64 years	4,425
65 years and over	11,445
65 to 69 years	3,770
70 to 74 years	3,395
75 to 79 years	2,110
80 to 84 years	1,175
85 years and over	1,000
85 to 89 years	635
90 to 94 years	310
95 to 99 years	50
100 years and over	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	24.7
15 to 64 years	66.1
65 years and over	9.2
85 years and over	0.8
Average age of the population	34.6
Median age of the population	35.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,180
Single-detached house	19,970
Semi-detached house	3,740
Row house	9,105
Apartment or flat in a duplex	265
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,895
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,185
Other single-attached house	10
Movable dwelling⁴	5
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,180
1 person	4,670
2 persons	8,270
3 persons	6,975
4 persons	9,915
5 or more persons	7,345
Number of persons in private households	123,090
Average household size	3.3
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,750
Married or living common-law	60,635
Married	55,470
Living common-law	5,165
Living common law - Never married	3,650
Living common law - Separated	270
Living common law - Divorced	1,160
Living common law - Widowed	90
Not married and not living common-law	33,110
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,460
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,045
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,495
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,120
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,925
2 persons	10,395
3 persons	7,805
4 persons	10,540
5 or more persons	5,190
Average size of census families	3.4
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,925
Total couple families	29,665
Married couples	27,085
With children⁶	20,250
Without children	6,830
Common-law couples	2,575
With children⁶	1,225
Without children	1,355
Total one-parent families	4,260
in which the parent is a woman+	3,370
in which the parent is a man+	890
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	123,090
Total - Persons in census families	113,815
Married spouses or common-law partners	59,325
Parents in one-parent families	4,260
Children⁶	50,230
In a two-parent family	43,115
In a one-parent family	7,120
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,280
Living alone	4,670
Living with other relatives⁷	2,985
Living with non-relatives only	1,625
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,180
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,550
Couple-family households	24,435
With children⁶	18,195
Without children	6,240
One-parent-family households	3,115
Multigenerational households⁸	2,600
Multiple-census-family households⁹	480
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,240
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	635
One-person households	4,670
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,720
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,765
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,305
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,640
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	77,290
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,445
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,495
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,800
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,850
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,375
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,950
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,650
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	77,450
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,585
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,375
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,285
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,370
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,765
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	78.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,270
Without total income	5,550
With total income	86,715
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,850
$10,000 to $19,999	9,120
$20,000 to $29,999	10,875
$30,000 to $39,999	8,665
$40,000 to $49,999	7,605
$50,000 to $59,999	7,175
$60,000 to $69,999	6,290
$70,000 to $79,999	5,415
$80,000 to $89,999	4,620
$90,000 to $99,999	3,960
$100,000 and over	14,135
$100,000 to $149,999	10,205
$150,000 and over	3,935
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,270
Without after-tax income	5,505
With after-tax income	86,770
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,090
$10,000 to $19,999	9,545
$20,000 to $29,999	12,175
$30,000 to $39,999	10,065
$40,000 to $49,999	9,600
$50,000 to $59,999	8,725
$60,000 to $69,999	7,035
$70,000 to $79,999	5,880
$80,000 to $89,999	5,135
$90,000 to $99,999	3,160
$100,000 and over	6,370
$100,000 to $124,999	3,655
$125,000 and over	2,715
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,270
Without employment income	22,630
With employment income	69,640
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,565
$5,000 to $9,999	5,435
$10,000 to $19,999	6,780
$20,000 to $29,999	4,870
$30,000 to $39,999	4,650
$40,000 to $49,999	4,965
$50,000 to $59,999	5,180
$60,000 to $69,999	4,990
$70,000 to $79,999	4,315
$80,000 to $89,999	3,980
$90,000 to $99,999	3,610
$100,000 and over	12,290
$100,000 to $124,999	6,145
$125,000 and over	6,150
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,270
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,400
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,415
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	77,085
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,315
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,830
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,230
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,980
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,285
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,500
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,510
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,265
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,480
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,550
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	72,105
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,000
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,285
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,110
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,125
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	91.8
Employment income (%)	84.2
Government transfers (%)	8.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,180
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,670
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,510
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,185
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	138,800
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	114,300
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,700
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	70,500
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,900
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,485
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,180
Under $5,000	235
$5,000 to $9,999	85
$10,000 to $14,999	150
$15,000 to $19,999	220
$20,000 to $24,999	415
$25,000 to $29,999	490
$30,000 to $34,999	435
$35,000 to $39,999	570
$40,000 to $44,999	660
$45,000 to $49,999	665
$50,000 to $59,999	1,525
$60,000 to $69,999	1,725
$70,000 to $79,999	1,970
$80,000 to $89,999	1,960
$90,000 to $99,999	2,040
$100,000 and over	24,030
$100,000 to $124,999	5,325
$125,000 to $149,999	4,945
$150,000 to $199,999	7,220
$200,000 and over	6,550
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,180
Under $5,000	255
$5,000 to $9,999	95
$10,000 to $14,999	155
$15,000 to $19,999	235
$20,000 to $24,999	455
$25,000 to $29,999	555
$30,000 to $34,999	510
$35,000 to $39,999	710
$40,000 to $44,999	745
$45,000 to $49,999	805
$50,000 to $59,999	1,960
$60,000 to $69,999	2,295
$70,000 to $79,999	2,480
$80,000 to $89,999	2,700
$90,000 to $99,999	2,805
$100,000 and over	20,405
$100,000 to $124,999	6,605
$125,000 to $149,999	5,210
$150,000 and over	8,590
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,245
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000
Average family size of economic families	3.6
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,425
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	21,380
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,715
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,295
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,175
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,600
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,380
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	126,300
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,470
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,625
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	101,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,340
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,550
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	123,095
0 to 17 years	36,635
0 to 5 years	10,640
18 to 64 years	75,405
65 years and over	11,050
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,245
0 to 17 years	2,605
0 to 5 years	765
18 to 64 years	3,705
65 years and over	935
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.2
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9
65 years and over (%)	8.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	123,090
0 to 17 years	36,635
0 to 5 years	10,640
18 to 64 years	75,410
65 years and over	11,055
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,030
0 to 17 years	1,010
0 to 5 years	280
18 to 64 years	1,785
65 years and over	240
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4
65 years and over (%)	2.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	123,095
In bottom half of the distribution	46,125
In bottom decile	6,140
In second decile	7,570
In third decile	9,385
In fourth decile	10,745
In fifth decile	12,280
In top half of the distribution	76,970
In sixth decile	13,355
In seventh decile	15,335
In eighth decile	16,525
In ninth decile	17,665
In top decile	14,085
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	123,090
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.368
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.248
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	123,245
English only	111,315
French only	100
English and French	9,580
Neither English nor French	2,255
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	123,245
English	118,355
French	1,525
English and French	1,180
Neither English nor French	2,190
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	123,245
Single responses	112,405
Official languages	68,090
English	66,740
French	1,345
Non-official languages	44,320
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	44,320
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,780
Berber languages	5
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	30
Cushitic languages	45
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	40
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	5,700
Amharic	20
Arabic	5,355
Aramaic languages	215
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	135
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	65
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20
Harari	0
Hebrew	15
Maltese	70
Tigrigna	20
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	515
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	500
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	2,335
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25
Cebuano	55
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	40
Ilocano	75
Indonesian	100
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,990
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	105
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	65
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	2,230
Kannada	80
Malayalam	430
Tamil	1,100
Telugu	595
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	29,645
Albanian	160
Armenian	35
Balto-Slavic languages	3,430
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	25
Slavic languages	3,390
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	55
Czech	40
Macedonian	110
Polish	1,595
Russian	510
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	810
Bosnian	60
Croatian	470
Serbian	275
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	35
Ukrainian	200
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	445
Frisian	0
High German languages	250
German	240
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	10
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	110
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	45
Danish	25
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	5
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	205
Indo-Iranian languages	19,600
Indo-Aryan languages	18,435
Assamese	0
Bengali	450
Gujarati	950
Hindi	1,415
Kacchi	15
Kashmiri	10
Konkani	60
Marathi	190
Nepali	85
Oriya languages	35
Odia	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	25
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,165
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	210
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	170
Urdu	12,655
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30
Iranian languages	1,165
Baluchi	5
Kurdish	15
Parsi	0
Pashto	280
Persian languages	855
Dari	565
Iranian Persian	205
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,775
Catalan	0
Italian	890
Portuguese	1,545
Romanian	345
Spanish	2,980
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	55
Korean	515
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	375
Akan (Twi)	65
Bamanankan	0
Edo	15
Éwé	10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	10
Ganda	10
Gikuyu	10
Igbo	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	5
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	20
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	25
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	5
Yoruba	135
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	70
American Sign Language	65
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,240
Chinese languages	2,210
Hakka	20
Mandarin	1,460
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50
Wu (Shanghainese)	10
Yue (Cantonese)	655
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	15
Thai	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	250
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	10
Turkish	210
Uyghur	5
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10
Uralic languages	160
Estonian	5
Finnish	20
Hungarian	140
Other languages, n.i.e.	5
Multiple responses	10,840
English and French	630
English and non-official language(s)	9,250
French and non-official language(s)	150
English, French and non-official language(s)	270
Multiple non-official languages	535
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	123,245
English	67,875
French	390
Non-official language	9,930
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	9,930
English and French	1,370
English and non-official language(s)	41,180
French and non-official language(s)	100
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,465
Multiple non-official languages	940
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	123,245
Single responses	110,730
Official languages	85,510
English	84,855
French	650
Non-official languages	25,225
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25,225
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,255
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	20
Cushitic languages	25
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	3,210
Amharic	15
Arabic	3,030
Aramaic languages	145
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20
Harari	0
Hebrew	5
Maltese	15
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	290
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	290
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,120
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20
Cebuano	50
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	20
Ilocano	30
Indonesian	45
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	95
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	65
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	1,390
Kannada	35
Malayalam	200
Tamil	770
Telugu	365
Tulu	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	16,845
Albanian	90
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	1,515
Baltic languages	15
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	1,500
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	20
Czech	0
Macedonian	50
Polish	695
Russian	315
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	305
Bosnian	15
Croatian	175
Serbian	115
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	5
Ukrainian	90
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	65
Frisian	0
High German languages	30
German	30
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	10
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	55
Indo-Iranian languages	12,400
Indo-Aryan languages	11,790
Assamese	0
Bengali	290
Gujarati	575
Hindi	770
Kacchi	10
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	20
Marathi	115
Nepali	55
Oriya languages	20
Odia	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,380
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	140
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95
Urdu	8,320
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	615
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	10
Parsi	0
Pashto	165
Persian languages	430
Dari	290
Iranian Persian	105
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,715
Catalan	0
Italian	175
Portuguese	550
Romanian	165
Spanish	1,820
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	10
Korean	365
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	95
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	0
Edo	5
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	5
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	125
American Sign Language	120
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,470
Chinese languages	1,455
Hakka	0
Mandarin	1,100
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	5
Yue (Cantonese)	330
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5
Lao	5
Thai	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	130
Azerbaijani	10
Kazakh	0
Turkish	110
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	30
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	12,515
English and French	365
English and non-official language(s)	11,775
French and non-official language(s)	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	190
Multiple non-official languages	140
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	123,250
None	88,610
English	12,800
French	1,225
Non-official language	16,350
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	16,350
English and French	240
English and non-official language(s)	1,650
French and non-official language(s)	595
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	1,765
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	123,110
Official languages	120,830
English	120,725
French	9,665
Non-official languages	64,105
Indigenous languages³⁹	10
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	64,100
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,735
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	15
Hausa	15
Mina	0
Coptic	85
Cushitic languages	50
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	50
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	8,660
Amharic	30
Arabic	8,315
Aramaic languages	280
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	150
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	90
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35
Harari	0
Hebrew	65
Maltese	120
Tigrigna	30
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	760
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	750
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	3,270
Bikol	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	55
Cebuano	95
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	45
Ilocano	125
Indonesian	110
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	80
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50
Pangasinan	10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,035
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	70
Creole languages	250
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	140
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	55
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40
Dravidian languages	3,895
Kannada	290
Malayalam	775
Tamil	2,105
Telugu	1,095
Tulu	30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	40
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	43,515
Albanian	260
Armenian	15
Balto-Slavic languages	4,305
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	35
Slavic languages	4,280
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	75
Czech	65
Macedonian	165
Polish	2,160
Russian	735
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,090
Bosnian	80
Croatian	755
Serbian	310
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	55
Slovene (Slovenian)	65
Ukrainian	265
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	15
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	990
Frisian	0
High German languages	665
German	660
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	285
Afrikaans	115
Dutch	170
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	80
Danish	35
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	25
Swedish	40
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	315
Indo-Iranian languages	29,720
Indo-Aryan languages	28,475
Assamese	0
Bengali	735
Gujarati	1,580
Hindi	6,635
Kacchi	40
Kashmiri	35
Konkani	200
Marathi	425
Nepali	135
Oriya languages	65
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,820
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	400
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	235
Urdu	19,600
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	270
Iranian languages	1,665
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	35
Parsi	0
Pashto	610
Persian languages	1,140
Dari	785
Iranian Persian	295
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55
Italic (Romance) languages	8,445
Catalan	0
Italian	1,760
Portuguese	2,275
Romanian	380
Spanish	4,435
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	95
Korean	695
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	1,360
Akan (Twi)	110
Bamanankan	0
Edo	85
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	15
Ganda	35
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	75
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	30
Luba-Kasai	15
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	50
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	160
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	705
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145
Nilo-Saharan languages	10
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	370
American Sign Language	365
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,795
Chinese languages	2,770
Hakka	35
Mandarin	1,970
Min Dong	50
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	25
Yue (Cantonese)	1,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	15
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	430
Azerbaijani	65
Kazakh	10
Turkish	395
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15
Uralic languages	170
Estonian	15
Finnish	30
Hungarian	125
Other languages, n.i.e.	20
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,110
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	880
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	780
First Nations (North American Indian)	490
Métis	275
Inuk (Inuit)	20
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55
Non-Indigenous identity	122,230
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,110
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	295
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	122,810
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,190
Owner	30,530
Renter	6,660
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,190
Condominium	5,265
Not condominium	31,920
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,190
No bedrooms	105
1 bedroom	1,715
2 bedrooms	4,605
3 bedrooms	15,445
4 or more bedrooms	15,315
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,190
1 to 4 rooms	6,880
5 rooms	5,820
6 rooms	6,975
7 rooms	6,070
8 or more rooms	11,435
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,190
One person or fewer per room	35,525
More than one person per room	1,660
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,190
Suitable	34,660
Not suitable	2,525
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,190
1960 or before	1,480
1961 to 1980	4,350
1981 to 1990	1,425
1991 to 2000	1,140
2001 to 2005	6,490
2006 to 2010	8,655
2011 to 2015	7,275
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,365
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,190
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,290
Major repairs needed	900
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,190
One-maintainer household	14,355
Two-maintainer household	20,650
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,180
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,190
15 to 24 years	130
25 to 34 years	4,600
35 to 44 years	11,225
45 to 54 years	10,275
55 to 64 years	5,685
65 to 74 years	3,400
75 to 84 years	1,475
85 years and over	400
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,075
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,570
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,505
30% to less than 100%	8,845
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,185
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,975
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,635
Not suitable only	1,880
Major repairs needed only	540
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	565
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	280
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20
Acceptable housing	25,210
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,420
In core need	3,430
Not in core need	32,990
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,525
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	80.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.1
% in core housing need⁶³	6.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,340
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,274
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	920,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	968,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,660
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	6.6
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.9
% in core housing need⁶³	21.4
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,200
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,068
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	123,110
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	250
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	210
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	175
Métis single ancestry	25
Inuit single ancestry	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,145
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,090
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	760
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	300
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	121,720
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	123,110
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	107,550
Canadian citizens aged under 18	33,230
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	74,325
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15,560
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	123,110
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	67,740
Immigrants⁸¹	53,345
Before 1980	4,730
1980 to 1990	4,005
1991 to 2000	10,085
2001 to 2010	16,750
2011 to 2021⁸²	17,770
2011 to 2015	8,770
2016 to 2021	9,000
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,030
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	53,340
Under 5 years	6,265
5 to 14 years	10,735
15 to 24 years	8,165
25 to 44 years	23,400
45 years and over	4,775
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	53,340
Americas	6,420
Brazil	275
Colombia	745
El Salvador	125
Guyana	365
Haiti	15
Jamaica	1,090
Mexico	335
Peru	130
Trinidad and Tobago	480
United States of America	1,265
Other places of birth in Americas	1,590
Europe	7,515
Bosnia and Herzegovina	185
Croatia	280
France	75
Germany	200
Greece	85
Hungary	70
Italy	515
Netherlands	115
Poland	1,350
Portugal	740
Romania	320
Russian Federation	225
Serbia⁸⁶	65
Ukraine	175
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,090
Other places of birth in Europe	1,020
Africa	4,890
Algeria	25
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80
Egypt	2,130
Eritrea	15
Ethiopia	30
Morocco	55
Nigeria	985
Somalia	45
South Africa, Republic of	295
Other places of birth in Africa	1,230
Asia	34,430
Afghanistan	660
Iran⁸⁸	205
Iraq	1,825
Lebanon	345
Syria⁸⁹	520
Turkey	175
China⁹⁰	1,435
Hong Kong⁹¹	285
Korea, South⁹²	495
Taiwan	70
Philippines	3,160
Viet Nam	595
Bangladesh	345
India	8,270
Pakistan	11,460
Sri Lanka	815
Other places of birth in Asia	3,780
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	90
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,995
Americas	875
Brazil	100
Colombia	80
Haiti	0
Jamaica	65
Mexico	30
United States of America	320
Venezuela⁹⁵	145
Other places of birth in Americas	135
Europe	350
France	0
Germany	15
Ireland⁹⁶	15
Italy	20
Russian Federation	20
Ukraine	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120
Other places of birth in Europe	140
Africa	1,150
Algeria	10
Burundi	0
Cameroon	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	350
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	520
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	70
Sudan⁹⁷	70
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	110
Asia	6,620
Afghanistan	70
Bangladesh	80
China⁹⁰	290
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	2,115
Iran⁸⁸	45
Iraq	510
Israel	0
Japan	10
Jordan	95
Korea, South⁹²	80
Lebanon	25
Nepal	0
Pakistan	1,600
Philippines	415
Saudi Arabia	280
Sri Lanka	45
Syria⁸⁹	315
Turkey	60
United Arab Emirates	240
Viet Nam	60
Other places of birth in Asia	240
Oceania and other⁹³	10
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	123,105
First generation¹⁰⁰	56,385
Second generation¹⁰¹	36,725
Third generation or more¹⁰²	30,000
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	48,615
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	30,370
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,450
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	19,920
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,200
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,750
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	290
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	48,615
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,645
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,845
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	850
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,815
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	175
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	40,285
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	123,110
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	71,040
South Asian	36,405
Chinese	3,520
Black	7,480
Filipino	5,215
Arab	7,295
Latin American	3,355
Southeast Asian	1,275
West Asian	1,710
Korean	785
Japanese	270
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,125
Multiple visible minorities	2,605
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	52,070
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	123,110
Canadian	10,510
English	12,650
Irish	10,475
Scottish	10,465
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,945
German	5,030
Chinese	4,330
Italian	6,940
Indian (India)	13,800
Ukrainian	2,135
Dutch	2,040
Polish	4,515
Québécois	70
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,370
Filipino	5,290
French Canadian	725
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,145
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	410
Métis	410
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,195
Russian	935
Norwegian	305
Welsh	910
Portuguese	4,860
American	895
Spanish	1,675
Swedish	280
Hungarian	705
Acadian	240
Pakistani	15,855
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,655
Jewish	365
Punjabi	1,850
Vietnamese	1,025
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	2,585
Greek	1,060
Jamaican	2,265
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,625
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	45
Korean	830
Romanian	535
Lebanese	895
Iranian	300
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	705
Danish	320
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	160
Sikh	725
Austrian	370
Belgian	210
Haitian	30
Hindu	1,795
Mexican	565
Mennonite	70
Swiss	180
Finnish	325
Sri Lankan	865
Croatian	1,330
Japanese	370
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,005
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	110
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	225
Muslim	2,590
Egyptian	2,605
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	765
Tamil	860
Icelandic	60
Colombian	845
Moroccan	85
Czech	130
Syrian	845
Guyanese	915
Afghan	1,275
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	575
Serbian	525
Ojibway	100
Newfoundlander	225
Hong Konger	155
Ontarian	410
Persian	285
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	810
Turkish	570
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35
Bangladeshi	465
Algerian	30
Brazilian	390
Nigerian	585
Armenian	135
Slovak	185
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	80
Somali	80
Taiwanese	115
Iraqi	1,475
Salvadorean	125
African Caribbean	530
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	525
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	815
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	355
Algonquin	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	365
Lithuanian	135
South African	335
Australian	85
Palestinian	805
Chilean	135
Congolese	45
Nova Scotian	70
Ethiopian	80
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	325
Peruvian	240
Yoruba	705
Cambodian (Khmer)	0
Berber	0
Albanian	255
Maltese	710
Macedonian	350
Slovenian	290
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75
New Brunswicker	55
Gujarati	365
Eritrean	30
African Canadian	190
Israeli	115
Mohawk	85
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35
Bulgarian	115
Albertan	20
Ghanaian	170
Barbadian	225
African American	110
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	90
Tunisian	100
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100
Cuban	240
Bosnian	165
Venezuelan	415
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	65
Bengali	110
Cameroonian	45
Guatemalan	110
Indonesian	90
Laotian	45
Ilocano	100
Northern Irish	105
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	305
Franco Ontarian	20
Argentinian	135
Estonian	135
Kurdish	85
Fijian	0
Jatt	50
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40
Coptic	1,100
Thai	40
Dominican	65
Nepali	165
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	160
Igbo	110
Byelorussian	65
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0
Abenaki	10
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10
New Zealander	30
Sudanese	180
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30
Malaysian	115
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	0
Buddhist	60
Gaspesian	0
Norman	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	105
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	35
Mauritian	170
Kenyan	95
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	80
Jordanian	205
Manitoban	10
Cape Bretoner	0
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	100
Malayali	185
Chaldean	165
Sinhalese	110
Mayan	0
Honduran	15
Cherokee	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	80
Flemish	15
United Empire Loyalist	25
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	60
Sicilian	15
Pashtun	270
Malay	75
Goan	230
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	70
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	70
Burmese	35
Mongolian	0
Azorean	60
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	55
Ugandan	95
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	50
Yemeni	105
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	85
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	50
Igorot	15
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	55
Prince Edward Islander	25
Maliseet	25
Beninese	0
Telugu	135
Roma	0
Costa Rican	40
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	270
Singaporean	45
Karen	0
Edo	60
Tajik	55
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	10
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	123,110
Buddhist	840
Christian	58,580
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,870
Anabaptist	130
Anglican	2,810
Baptist	900
Catholic	34,595
Christian Orthodox	3,935
Jehovah's Witness	315
Latter Day Saints	55
Lutheran	365
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	130
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,785
Presbyterian	1,110
Reformed	55
United Church	1,995
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,530
Hindu	7,890
Jewish	245
Muslim	30,015
Sikh	2,990
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	465
No religion and secular perspectives	22,070
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	121,530
Non-movers	106,065
Movers	15,470
Non-migrants	6,185
Migrants	9,285
Internal migrants	7,945
Intraprovincial migrants	7,650
Interprovincial migrants	290
External migrants	1,340
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	114,580
Non-movers	62,270
Movers	52,310
Non-migrants	15,430
Migrants	36,880
Internal migrants	27,900
Intraprovincial migrants	25,990
Interprovincial migrants	1,915
External migrants	8,985
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,285
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,400
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,880
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,120
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,540
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,580
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,285
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,710
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,480
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,090
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,040
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,040
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,650
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,675
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,320
Bachelor's degree or higher	38,050
Bachelor's degree	25,050
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,195
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	980
Master's degree	9,130
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	695
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,115
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,050
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,635
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	51,430
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,685
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,250
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,180
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,070
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,635
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,800
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,740
Bachelor's degree	21,850
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,930
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	850
Master's degree	8,520
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	590
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,285
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,195
Education	2,785
13. Education	2,785
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145
50. Visual and performing arts	1,445
Humanities	3,515
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240
23. English language and literature/letters	815
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,515
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205
39. Theology and religious vocations	150
54. History	385
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,555
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	895
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,200
22. Legal professions and studies	1,020
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	165
42. Psychology	1,250
45. Social sciences	2,985
Business, management and public administration	16,065
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	725
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,340
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,030
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,280
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65
40. Physical sciences	645
41. Science technologies/technicians	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,880
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,040
25. Library science	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	595
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	165
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,025
04. Architecture and related services	590
14. Engineering	5,655
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,105
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	870
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,250
48. Precision production	555
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	725
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535
03. Natural resources and conservation	190
Health and related fields	6,625
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	670
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,750
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,275
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	975
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	935
49. Transportation and materials moving	355
Other¹⁷⁹	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	66,120
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,690
Education	2,305
13. Education	2,305
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,330
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110
50. Visual and performing arts	1,220
Humanities	2,885
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195
23. English language and literature/letters	700
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,225
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185
39. Theology and religious vocations	115
54. History	305
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,475
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	760
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,010
22. Legal professions and studies	880
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125
42. Psychology	1,050
45. Social sciences	2,605
Business, management and public administration	14,195
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	635
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	13,555
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,505
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,040
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	775
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60
40. Physical sciences	540
41. Science technologies/technicians	85
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,480
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,765
25. Library science	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	500
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	140
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,270
04. Architecture and related services	510
14. Engineering	4,995
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,695
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	715
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	945
48. Precision production	410
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	575
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405
03. Natural resources and conservation	170
Health and related fields	5,530
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	510
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,840
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,845
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	835
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10
43. Security and protective services	755
49. Transportation and materials moving	250
Other¹⁷⁹	30
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	66,120
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,690
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	51,425
Location of study inside Canada	30,965
Same as province or territory of residence	28,855
Different than province or territory of residence	2,110
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20,460
Americas	3,050
United States of America	1,660
Mexico	170
Cuba	20
Haiti	10
Jamaica	165
Brazil	170
Colombia	210
Peru	55
Venezuela⁹⁵	250
Other locations of study in Americas	335
Europe	2,430
Belgium	20
France	65
Germany	70
Netherlands	20
Switzerland	20
Hungary	10
Moldova¹⁸³	10
Poland	250
Romania	160
Russian Federation	85
Ukraine	85
Ireland⁹⁶	65
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,250
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40
Italy	35
Serbia⁸⁶	10
Other locations of study in Europe	220
Africa	1,835
Nigeria	325
Algeria	15
Morocco	10
Tunisia	20
Egypt	1,085
South Africa, Republic of	125
Other locations of study in Africa	255
Asia	12,905
Iran⁸⁸	70
Iraq	630
Israel	15
Lebanon	145
Syria⁸⁹	145
Turkey	80
China⁹⁰	540
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20
Japan	15
Korea, South⁹²	185
Philippines	1,330
Viet Nam	45
Bangladesh	85
Sri Lanka	85
India	4,190
Pakistan	4,440
Other locations of study in Asia	865
Oceania	235
Australia	215
New Zealand	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,285
In the labour force	65,995
Employed	58,415
Unemployed	7,580
Not in the labour force	26,290
Participation rate	71.5
Employment rate	63.3
Unemployment rate	11.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,285
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,670
Worked	64,615
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	38,245
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,370
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,995
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,940
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	64,060
Employee	55,385
Permanent position	48,080
Temporary position	7,305
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,475
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,825
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,670
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,995
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,940
All occupations¹⁹¹	64,060
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	775
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,040
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,390
3 Health occupations	4,035
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,340
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,680
6 Sales and service occupations	15,370
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,775
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	435
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,220
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,995
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,940
All industries¹⁹¹	64,060
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	185
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170
22 Utilities	425
23 Construction	3,740
31-33 Manufacturing	5,620
41 Wholesale trade	3,780
44-45 Retail trade	7,670
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,330
51 Information and cultural industries	1,705
52 Finance and insurance	5,380
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,275
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,700
55 Management of companies and enterprises	460
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,260
61 Educational services	4,790
62 Health care and social assistance	6,330
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	870
72 Accommodation and food services	2,740
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,055
91 Public administration	2,565
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,475
English	64,715
French	170
Non-official language	400
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	400
English and French	1,125
English and non-official language(s)	2,970
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80
Multiple non-official languages	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,475
Single responses	68,675
Official languages	67,845
English	67,540
French	305
Non-official languages	830
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	830
Afro-Asiatic languages	60
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	60
Amharic	0
Arabic	55
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	15
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	485
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	45
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	30
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	0
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	290
Indo-Aryan languages	280
Bengali	0
Gujarati	10
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	205
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	10
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	150
Catalan	0
Italian	10
Portuguese	45
Romanian	0
Spanish	100
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	40
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	50
American Sign Language	50
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	130
Chinese languages	130
Hakka	0
Mandarin	95
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	805
English and French	205
English and non-official language(s)	575
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	20
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,475
None	66,005
English	530
French	800
Non-official language	1,740
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	1,740
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	35
French and non-official language(s)	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	305
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,410
Worked at home	21,630
Worked outside Canada	230
No fixed workplace address	5,970
Usual place of work	30,580
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	30,580
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,715
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,185
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,630
Commute to a different province or territory	55
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	36,550
Car, truck or van	33,335
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,750
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,590
Public transit	1,425
Walked	800
Bicycle	120
Other method	875
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	36,550
Less than 15 minutes	8,825
15 to 29 minutes	9,470
30 to 44 minutes	10,125
45 to 59 minutes	3,995
60 minutes and over	4,135
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	36,550
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,855
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,760
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,535
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,820
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,635
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	37,190
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,085
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	34,105
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	27,905
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,490
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,495
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	995
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25,415

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed November 28, 2023).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

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Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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