Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Newmarket, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	87,942	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	84,224	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	31,239	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	30,301	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,284.1	...	...	2,284.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	38.50	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	87,940	42,560	45,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14,520	7,505	7,015	16.5	17.6	15.5
0 to 4 years	4,005	2,040	1,965	4.6	4.8	4.3
5 to 9 years	5,010	2,605	2,405	5.7	6.1	5.3
10 to 14 years	5,505	2,865	2,645	6.3	6.7	5.8
15 to 64 years	59,485	28,995	30,485	67.6	68.1	67.2
15 to 19 years	5,770	2,945	2,825	6.6	6.9	6.2
20 to 24 years	5,485	2,820	2,665	6.2	6.6	5.9
25 to 29 years	4,905	2,535	2,365	5.6	6.0	5.2
30 to 34 years	5,115	2,505	2,605	5.8	5.9	5.7
35 to 39 years	5,965	2,770	3,195	6.8	6.5	7.0
40 to 44 years	6,120	2,840	3,275	7.0	6.7	7.2
45 to 49 years	6,260	3,020	3,245	7.1	7.1	7.1
50 to 54 years	6,885	3,255	3,625	7.8	7.6	8.0
55 to 59 years	7,110	3,460	3,650	8.1	8.1	8.0
60 to 64 years	5,865	2,835	3,035	6.7	6.7	6.7
65 years and over	13,945	6,050	7,890	15.9	14.2	17.4
65 to 69 years	4,475	2,065	2,410	5.1	4.9	5.3
70 to 74 years	3,550	1,640	1,910	4.0	3.9	4.2
75 to 79 years	2,345	1,055	1,290	2.7	2.5	2.8
80 to 84 years	1,660	685	980	1.9	1.6	2.2
85 years and over	1,905	610	1,300	2.2	1.4	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,145	410	735	1.3	1.0	1.6
90 to 94 years	560	155	405	0.6	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	175	40	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.5	17.6	15.5	16.5	17.6	15.5
15 to 64 years	67.6	68.1	67.2	67.6	68.1	67.2
65 years and over	15.9	14.2	17.4	15.9	14.2	17.4
85 years and over	2.2	1.4	2.9	2.2	1.4	2.9
Average age of the population	41.0	39.8	42.2	41.0	39.8	42.2
Median age of the population	41.6	40.4	43.2	41.6	40.4	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,115	...	...	59.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,250	...	...	7.4	...	...
Row house	3,880	...	...	12.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,995	...	...	6.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,360	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,510	...	...	5.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	180	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,530	...	...	18.3	...	...
2 persons	8,790	...	...	29.0	...	...
3 persons	5,955	...	...	19.7	...	...
4 persons	6,440	...	...	21.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,580	...	...	11.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	86,610	42,100	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,425	35,050	38,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	42,625	21,265	21,355	58.1	60.7	55.7
Married	37,635	18,780	18,860	51.3	53.6	49.2
Living common-law	4,985	2,490	2,500	6.8	7.1	6.5
Living common law - Never married	3,370	1,695	1,675	4.6	4.8	4.4
Living common law - Separated	285	150	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,210	595	620	1.6	1.7	1.6
Living common law - Widowed	125	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	30,795	13,785	17,015	41.9	39.3	44.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,775	10,980	9,790	28.3	31.3	25.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,960	735	1,225	2.7	2.1	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,450	1,445	3,005	6.1	4.1	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,620	630	2,995	4.9	1.8	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	10,325	...	...	41.0	...	...
3 persons	6,295	...	...	25.0	...	...
4 persons	6,465	...	...	25.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,070	...	...	8.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,825	...	...	82.8	...	...
Married couples	18,335	...	...	72.9	...	...
With children⁶	12,005	...	...	47.7	...	...
Without children	6,325	...	...	25.1	...	...
Common-law couples	2,490	...	...	9.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,025	...	...	4.1	...	...
Without children	1,465	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,330	...	...	17.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,450	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	875	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	86,610	42,105	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	76,270	37,780	38,490	88.1	89.7	86.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,650	20,795	20,850	48.1	49.4	46.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,325	875	3,455	5.0	2.1	7.8
Children⁶	30,290	16,100	14,190	35.0	38.2	31.9
In a two-parent family	23,580	12,390	11,190	27.2	29.4	25.1
In a one-parent family	6,710	3,715	2,995	7.7	8.8	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,345	4,330	6,015	11.9	10.3	13.5
Living alone	5,535	2,155	3,380	6.4	5.1	7.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,340	815	1,525	2.7	1.9	3.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,470	1,355	1,115	2.9	3.2	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,570	...	...	67.9	...	...
Couple-family households	17,435	...	...	57.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,125	...	...	36.7	...	...
Without children	6,310	...	...	20.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,135	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,680	...	...	5.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	355	...	...	1.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,275	...	...	4.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	890	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	5,535	...	...	18.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	72,105	34,600	37,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,265	33,170	36,085	96.1	95.9	96.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,000	38,000	42,000	48,000	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,280	33,190	36,095	96.1	95.9	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	34,800	38,000	42,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,705	30,555	32,155	87.0	88.3	85.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,800	29,600	36,800	44,800	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,430	26,360	26,070	72.7	76.2	69.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,400	33,200	39,200	46,400	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,075	29,335	32,740	86.1	84.8	87.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,000	9,800	8,000	6,000	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,515	2,665	3,850	9.0	7.7	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,245	11,135	12,105	32.2	32.2	32.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,500	8,500	8,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	72,100	34,600	37,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,285	33,150	36,135	96.1	95.8	96.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,000	66,300	48,440	57,000	66,300	48,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,315	33,175	36,140	96.1	95.9	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	52,550	41,240	46,680	52,550	41,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,700	30,560	32,140	87.0	88.3	85.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,850	63,550	42,680	52,850	63,550	42,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,430	26,405	26,025	72.7	76.3	69.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,100	63,750	44,320	54,100	63,750	44,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,245	29,295	32,945	86.3	84.7	87.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,180	8,710	11,490	10,180	8,710	11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,420	2,500	3,925	8.9	7.2	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,410	5,735	6,840	6,410	5,735	6,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,135	11,020	12,115	32.1	31.8	32.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	9,290	9,700	9,500	9,290	9,700
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	72,105	34,600	37,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,790	14,065	11,725	35.8	40.7	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	79,000	64,500	71,000	79,000	64,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	85,100	96,200	71,800	85,100	96,200	71,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,075	9,140	10,930	27.8	26.4	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,300	17,600	13,900	15,300	17,600	13,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	29,920	22,940	26,120	29,920	22,940
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	88.4	78.4	84.0	88.4	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.8	76.6	65.8	71.8	76.6	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0	11.6	21.6	16.0	11.6	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.5	1.0	0.7	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.0	7.7	6.2	5.0	7.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.6	4.7	6.7	5.6	4.7	6.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	72,105	34,600	37,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,840	1,430	1,415	3.9	4.1	3.8
With total income	69,260	33,175	36,090	96.1	95.9	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,325	2,735	3,595	9.1	8.2	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,380	3,665	4,715	12.1	11.0	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	10,330	4,420	5,910	14.9	13.3	16.4
$30,000 to $39,999	8,120	3,440	4,680	11.7	10.4	13.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,815	2,920	3,895	9.8	8.8	10.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,740	2,625	3,115	8.3	7.9	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,510	2,140	2,370	6.5	6.5	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,690	1,885	1,800	5.3	5.7	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,960	1,650	1,305	4.3	5.0	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,690	1,455	1,235	3.9	4.4	3.4
$100,000 and over	9,690	6,220	3,465	14.0	18.7	9.6
$100,000 to $149,999	6,485	3,860	2,625	9.4	11.6	7.3
$150,000 and over	3,205	2,365	845	4.6	7.1	2.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	72,105	34,600	37,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,820	1,415	1,405	3.9	4.1	3.7
With after-tax income	69,285	33,185	36,100	96.1	95.9	96.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,625	2,845	3,780	9.6	8.6	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,780	3,855	4,920	12.7	11.6	13.6
$20,000 to $29,999	11,590	5,035	6,550	16.7	15.2	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,390	4,005	5,385	13.6	12.1	14.9
$40,000 to $49,999	8,085	3,620	4,470	11.7	10.9	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,125	2,880	3,240	8.8	8.7	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,735	2,435	2,300	6.8	7.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,730	2,080	1,650	5.4	6.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,325	1,755	1,565	4.8	5.3	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,055	1,240	815	3.0	3.7	2.3
$100,000 and over	4,855	3,435	1,425	7.0	10.4	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,455	1,640	815	3.5	4.9	2.3
$125,000 and over	2,395	1,790	605	3.5	5.4	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	72,105	34,600	37,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	19,675	8,240	11,430	27.3	23.8	30.5
With employment income	52,430	26,355	26,075	72.7	76.2	69.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,845	3,570	4,280	15.0	13.5	16.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,855	2,100	2,750	9.3	8.0	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	5,675	2,550	3,130	10.8	9.7	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,095	1,885	2,215	7.8	7.2	8.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,005	1,895	2,115	7.6	7.2	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	4,165	1,935	2,230	7.9	7.3	8.6
$50,000 to $59,999	3,545	1,685	1,855	6.8	6.4	7.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,120	1,530	1,585	6.0	5.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,535	1,345	1,190	4.8	5.1	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,280	1,305	970	4.3	5.0	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,305	1,220	1,085	4.4	4.6	4.2
$100,000 and over	7,995	5,330	2,665	15.2	20.2	10.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,745	2,215	1,525	7.1	8.4	5.8
$125,000 and over	4,255	3,115	1,140	8.1	11.8	4.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	72,105	34,600	37,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,725	32,365	35,360	93.9	93.5	94.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	35,200	40,400	46,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,750	32,375	35,375	94.0	93.6	94.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,600	32,400	36,400	41,600	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,060	30,200	31,860	86.1	87.3	84.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	46,400	32,400	38,800	46,400	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	52,845	26,575	26,270	73.3	76.8	70.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	35,200	40,400	46,800	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,770	27,220	30,550	80.1	78.7	81.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,550	830	3,520	1,550	830	3,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,040	1,550	2,490	5.6	4.5	6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,440	5,840	5,680	5,440	5,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	72,100	34,600	37,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,860	32,420	35,435	94.1	93.7	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,050	62,600	46,240	54,050	62,600	46,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,875	32,425	35,445	94.1	93.7	94.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,040	49,520	39,080	44,040	49,520	39,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,115	30,225	31,885	86.2	87.4	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,250	62,750	44,200	53,250	62,750	44,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	52,815	26,595	26,215	73.3	76.9	69.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,750	63,600	45,760	54,750	63,600	45,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,785	27,090	30,700	80.1	78.3	81.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,260	4,896	7,460	6,260	4,896	7,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,910	1,475	2,430	5.4	4.3	6.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,690	6,470	8,420	7,690	6,470	8,420
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	72,105	34,600	37,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,605	13,945	11,655	35.5	40.3	31.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	75,500	60,800	68,000	75,500	60,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,800	91,700	67,800	80,800	91,700	67,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,925	8,700	10,220	26.2	25.1	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	22,600	20,800	21,600	22,600	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,880	37,440	29,040	32,880	37,440	29,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2	93.4	86.0	90.2	93.4	86.0
Employment income (%)	78.8	83.4	73.2	78.8	83.4	73.2
Government transfers (%)	9.9	6.5	14.0	9.9	6.5	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.3	0.8	0.5	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	30,300	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	...	...	45,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	30,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...	106,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,650	...	...	58,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,440	...	...	48,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	146,200	...	...	146,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,700	...	...	119,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	210	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	235	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	375	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	750	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	725	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	650	...	...	2.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	675	...	...	2.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	745	...	...	2.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	775	...	...	2.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,625	...	...	5.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,735	...	...	5.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,740	...	...	5.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,670	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,585	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,695	...	...	55.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,835	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,225	...	...	10.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,535	...	...	15.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,095	...	...	16.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	245	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	260	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	390	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	800	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	815	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	735	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	790	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	915	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	940	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,935	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,115	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,100	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,030	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,960	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,155	...	...	46.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,320	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,415	...	...	11.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,425	...	...	21.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,250	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,000	3,510	4,495	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	42,400	40,400	41,200	42,400	40,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	38,000	36,800	37,200	38,000	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...	145,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,700	...	...	118,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,900	...	...	116,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...	96,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	140,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,600	...	...	81,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,005	3,385	4,625	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,300	59,450	50,560	54,300	59,450	50,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,240	48,000	43,200	45,240	48,000	43,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	86,615	42,100	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,005	9,285	8,720	20.8	22.1	19.6
0 to 5 years	4,955	2,525	2,430	5.7	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	55,695	27,065	28,630	64.3	64.3	64.3
65 years and over	12,915	5,755	7,160	14.9	13.7	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,450	2,925	3,520	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,505	745	760	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	425	195	230	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,575	1,695	1,885	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,365	490	875	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.5	7.0	7.9	7.5	7.0	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.0	8.7	8.4	8.0	8.7
0 to 5 years (%)	8.5	7.7	9.4	8.5	7.7	9.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.3	6.6	6.4	6.3	6.6
65 years and over (%)	10.6	8.5	12.3	10.6	8.5	12.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	86,615	42,105	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,005	9,280	8,720	20.8	22.0	19.6
0 to 5 years	4,955	2,525	2,430	5.7	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	55,690	27,065	28,625	64.3	64.3	64.3
65 years and over	12,920	5,755	7,160	14.9	13.7	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,790	1,855	1,940	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	755	385	370	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	195	90	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,575	1,285	1,290	...	...	...
65 years and over	460	180	280	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	3.5	4.4	4.0	3.5	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.6	4.8	4.5	4.6	4.8	4.5
65 years and over (%)	3.6	3.2	3.9	3.6	3.2	3.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	86,610	42,100	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	33,630	15,880	17,750	38.8	37.7	39.9
In bottom decile	5,775	2,740	3,040	6.7	6.5	6.8
In second decile	6,425	2,925	3,500	7.4	6.9	7.9
In third decile	6,675	3,175	3,500	7.7	7.5	7.9
In fourth decile	6,965	3,300	3,670	8.0	7.8	8.2
In fifth decile	7,785	3,740	4,035	9.0	8.9	9.1
In top half of the distribution	52,980	26,220	26,760	61.2	62.3	60.1
In sixth decile	8,535	4,135	4,405	9.9	9.8	9.9
In seventh decile	9,330	4,590	4,740	10.8	10.9	10.6
In eighth decile	10,535	5,140	5,395	12.2	12.2	12.1
In ninth decile	11,930	5,920	6,005	13.8	14.1	13.5
In top decile	12,650	6,435	6,210	14.6	15.3	14.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	86,615	...	...	86,615	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.425	...	...	0.425	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	87,110	42,250	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	78,145	38,540	39,610	89.7	91.2	88.3
French only	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	6,465	2,695	3,775	7.4	6.4	8.4
Neither English nor French	2,460	1,000	1,460	2.8	2.4	3.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	87,110	42,250	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	83,195	40,585	42,610	95.5	96.1	95.0
French	880	405	480	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and French	620	280	340	0.7	0.7	0.8
Neither English nor French	2,410	975	1,430	2.8	2.3	3.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	87,110	42,250	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	83,550	40,560	42,990	95.9	96.0	95.8
Official languages	56,825	27,950	28,875	65.2	66.2	64.4
English	55,965	27,560	28,405	64.2	65.2	63.3
French	860	395	465	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official languages	26,725	12,605	14,120	30.7	29.8	31.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,720	12,605	14,115	30.7	29.8	31.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	945	495	455	1.1	1.2	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	930	480	450	1.1	1.1	1.0
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	740	380	355	0.8	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	805	365	440	0.9	0.9	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	400	175	220	0.5	0.4	0.5
Vietnamese	405	185	225	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,235	465	770	1.4	1.1	1.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	965	360	605	1.1	0.9	1.3
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	420	215	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	270	140	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,945	7,160	7,785	17.2	16.9	17.4
Albanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	130	65	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,555	1,625	1,930	4.1	3.8	4.3
Baltic languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	3,505	1,610	1,895	4.0	3.8	4.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	125	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	415	195	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	2,345	1,070	1,270	2.7	2.5	2.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	755	325	430	0.9	0.8	1.0
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	485	205	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
German	465	200	270	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	425	210	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	6,425	3,170	3,255	7.4	7.5	7.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,305	645	655	1.5	1.5	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	185	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	220	105	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Kacchi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	160	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	525	260	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5,120	2,520	2,595	5.9	6.0	5.8
Baluchi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	4,990	2,455	2,540	5.7	5.8	5.7
Dari	415	190	225	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iranian Persian	4,170	2,085	2,085	4.8	4.9	4.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	405	180	225	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,615	1,740	1,875	4.1	4.1	4.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,245	620	625	1.4	1.5	1.4
Portuguese	530	250	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	600	275	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	1,230	590	645	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	650	300	355	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,515	3,060	3,455	7.5	7.2	7.7
Chinese languages	6,510	3,055	3,455	7.5	7.2	7.7
Hakka	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,095	1,925	2,175	4.7	4.6	4.8
Min Dong	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,225	1,050	1,175	2.6	2.5	2.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	305	140	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lao	260	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Thai	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	135	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	340	140	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	255	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,565	1,685	1,875	4.1	4.0	4.2
English and French	335	155	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,760	1,320	1,440	3.2	3.1	3.2
French and non-official language(s)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	335	145	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	87,110	42,250	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,965	28,935	30,030	67.7	68.5	66.9
French	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	8,100	3,765	4,340	9.3	8.9	9.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	8,100	3,765	4,340	9.3	8.9	9.7
English and French	925	405	520	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	17,650	8,520	9,130	20.3	20.2	20.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	645	260	380	0.7	0.6	0.8
Multiple non-official languages	640	285	355	0.7	0.7	0.8
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	87,110	42,250	44,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	82,995	40,285	42,705	95.3	95.3	95.2
Official languages	66,925	32,635	34,290	76.8	77.2	76.4
English	66,655	32,515	34,140	76.5	77.0	76.1
French	275	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	16,065	7,650	8,415	18.4	18.1	18.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,065	7,650	8,415	18.4	18.1	18.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	395	190	205	0.5	0.4	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	390	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	325	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	550	250	300	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	275	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	280	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	625	270	355	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	500	215	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	250	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,300	3,985	4,315	9.5	9.4	9.6
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	2,060	960	1,095	2.4	2.3	2.4
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,040	955	1,090	2.3	2.3	2.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Polish	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,640	775	860	1.9	1.8	1.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	4,505	2,200	2,310	5.2	5.2	5.1
Indo-Aryan languages	735	350	385	0.8	0.8	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	325	145	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,775	1,850	1,925	4.3	4.4	4.3
Baluchi	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	3,690	1,810	1,885	4.2	4.3	4.2
Dari	255	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	3,090	1,535	1,555	3.5	3.6	3.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	345	150	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,445	690	755	1.7	1.6	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	360	170	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Spanish	675	335	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	470	230	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,895	2,325	2,570	5.6	5.5	5.7
Chinese languages	4,895	2,325	2,570	5.6	5.5	5.7
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,270	1,565	1,705	3.8	3.7	3.8
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,525	715	810	1.8	1.7	1.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,115	1,965	2,155	4.7	4.7	4.8
English and French	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	3,765	1,805	1,965	4.3	4.3	4.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	87,110	42,250	44,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,605	34,390	36,220	81.1	81.4	80.7
English	6,465	3,195	3,275	7.4	7.6	7.3
French	845	360	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-official language	7,185	3,395	3,790	8.2	8.0	8.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	7,185	3,395	3,790	8.2	8.0	8.4
English and French	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	935	440	495	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	270	85	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	695	325	370	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	86,610	42,105	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	84,155	41,025	43,130	97.2	97.4	96.9
English	84,125	41,005	43,125	97.1	97.4	96.9
French	6,720	2,820	3,895	7.8	6.7	8.8
Non-official languages	33,635	16,055	17,585	38.8	38.1	39.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	33,625	16,050	17,575	38.8	38.1	39.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,830	965	865	2.1	2.3	1.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,820	960	855	2.1	2.3	1.9
Amharic	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,250	670	580	1.4	1.6	1.3
Aramaic languages	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	510	255	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Maltese	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,050	500	550	1.2	1.2	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	480	230	250	0.6	0.5	0.6
Vietnamese	580	270	305	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,675	590	1,085	1.9	1.4	2.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	155	45	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,565	540	1,025	1.8	1.3	2.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	605	330	275	0.7	0.8	0.6
Kannada	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	175	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	375	200	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Telugu	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,445	9,520	9,925	22.5	22.6	22.3
Albanian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	4,430	2,080	2,350	5.1	4.9	5.3
Baltic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	4,370	2,055	2,315	5.0	4.9	5.2
Belarusian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	230	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	505	260	235	0.6	0.6	0.5
Russian	3,115	1,450	1,665	3.6	3.4	3.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	330	155	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	140	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	440	200	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,170	590	580	1.4	1.4	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	770	385	380	0.9	0.9	0.9
German	755	380	380	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	305	160	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	200	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	640	345	295	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Iranian languages	7,775	3,930	3,840	9.0	9.3	8.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,105	1,080	1,025	2.4	2.6	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	345	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	730	375	355	0.8	0.9	0.8
Kacchi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	395	220	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	135	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Urdu	1,040	510	530	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5,775	2,905	2,870	6.7	6.9	6.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	125	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	120	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian languages	5,630	2,820	2,810	6.5	6.7	6.3
Dari	495	235	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian Persian	4,695	2,395	2,305	5.4	5.7	5.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	515	215	305	0.6	0.5	0.7
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,695	2,750	2,945	6.6	6.5	6.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,280	1,110	1,175	2.6	2.6	2.6
Portuguese	745	380	365	0.9	0.9	0.8
Romanian	740	350	395	0.9	0.8	0.9
Spanish	2,185	1,015	1,170	2.5	2.4	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	155	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	880	400	480	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	80	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,865	3,690	4,175	9.1	8.8	9.4
Chinese languages	7,865	3,690	4,175	9.1	8.8	9.4
Hakka	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mandarin	5,830	2,730	3,100	6.7	6.5	7.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	190	70	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,230	1,520	1,705	3.7	3.6	3.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	515	250	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lao	500	245	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Thai	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	650	330	320	0.8	0.8	0.7
Azerbaijani	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	420	210	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uralic languages	380	160	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	280	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,615	42,100	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,015	510	500	1.2	1.2	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	945	480	465	1.1	1.1	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	530	245	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Métis	395	225	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	85,600	41,595	44,005	98.8	98.8	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	86,615	42,100	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	305	150	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	86,305	41,950	44,350	99.6	99.6	99.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	22,955	...	...	75.8	...	...
Renter	7,345	...	...	24.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,440	...	...	8.1	...	...
Not condominium	27,860	...	...	91.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,290	...	...	7.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,475	...	...	11.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,795	...	...	35.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,615	...	...	44.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,265	...	...	17.4	...	...
5 rooms	4,095	...	...	13.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,540	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	4,655	...	...	15.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,755	...	...	38.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	29,820	...	...	98.4	...	...
More than one person per room	480	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	28,920	...	...	95.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,380	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,150	...	...	10.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,970	...	...	19.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,510	...	...	18.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,440	...	...	21.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,105	...	...	10.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,485	...	...	8.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,855	...	...	6.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,790	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	29,095	...	...	96.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,205	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	12,475	...	...	41.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,720	...	...	51.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,110	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	150	...	...	0.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,765	...	...	9.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,610	...	...	18.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,110	...	...	23.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,165	...	...	23.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,415	...	...	14.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,265	...	...	7.5	...	...
85 years and over	815	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	30,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,200	...	...	73.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,000	...	...	26.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	7,170	...	...	23.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	30,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,760	...	...	32.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,240	...	...	23.9	...	...
Not suitable only	1,005	...	...	3.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	700	...	...	2.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	305	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	435	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,545	...	...	67.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	29,370	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,655	...	...	12.4	...	...
Not in core need	25,720	...	...	87.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,955	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.1	...	...	65.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.4	...	...	22.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,020	...	...	2,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,082	...	...	2,082	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	950,000	...	...	950,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,003,000	...	...	1,003,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,345	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.5	...	...	17.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.5	...	...	39.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.0	...	...	28.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,510	...	...	1,510	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,614	...	...	1,614	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	86,615	42,105	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	260	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	260	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Métis single ancestry	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,280	640	640	1.5	1.5	1.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,265	630	635	1.5	1.5	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	895	420	480	1.0	1.0	1.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	345	200	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	85,075	41,325	43,750	98.2	98.1	98.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	86,615	42,105	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	79,015	38,535	40,480	91.2	91.5	90.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,060	8,835	8,225	19.7	21.0	18.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	61,955	29,695	32,260	71.5	70.5	72.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,600	3,570	4,030	8.8	8.5	9.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	86,615	42,105	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	56,430	27,990	28,440	65.2	66.5	63.9
Immigrants⁸¹	28,945	13,550	15,390	33.4	32.2	34.6
Before 1980	4,955	2,245	2,710	5.7	5.3	6.1
1980 to 1990	3,110	1,570	1,540	3.6	3.7	3.5
1991 to 2000	5,420	2,510	2,910	6.3	6.0	6.5
2001 to 2010	8,000	3,605	4,395	9.2	8.6	9.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	7,465	3,615	3,845	8.6	8.6	8.6
2011 to 2015	4,150	2,030	2,125	4.8	4.8	4.8
2016 to 2021	3,310	1,590	1,720	3.8	3.8	3.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,240	560	675	1.4	1.3	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	28,945	13,550	15,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,660	1,365	1,290	9.2	10.1	8.4
5 to 14 years	5,030	2,570	2,460	17.4	19.0	16.0
15 to 24 years	5,420	2,320	3,095	18.7	17.1	20.1
25 to 44 years	12,970	5,990	6,985	44.8	44.2	45.4
45 years and over	2,870	1,310	1,565	9.9	9.7	10.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	28,945	13,550	15,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,030	1,415	1,615	10.5	10.4	10.5
Brazil	190	95	100	0.7	0.7	0.6
Colombia	205	110	90	0.7	0.8	0.6
El Salvador	120	55	70	0.4	0.4	0.5
Guyana	295	135	165	1.0	1.0	1.1
Haiti	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	570	250	320	2.0	1.8	2.1
Mexico	105	35	70	0.4	0.3	0.5
Peru	85	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	295	145	150	1.0	1.1	1.0
United States of America	510	240	270	1.8	1.8	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	635	305	335	2.2	2.3	2.2
Europe	7,615	3,560	4,055	26.3	26.3	26.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Croatia	110	45	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
France	75	45	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Germany	300	185	110	1.0	1.4	0.7
Greece	270	135	135	0.9	1.0	0.9
Hungary	145	60	85	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italy	840	445	400	2.9	3.3	2.6
Netherlands	130	70	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Poland	350	165	190	1.2	1.2	1.2
Portugal	230	125	110	0.8	0.9	0.7
Romania	560	285	280	1.9	2.1	1.8
Russian Federation	850	325	520	2.9	2.4	3.4
Serbia⁸⁶	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	670	330	340	2.3	2.4	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,895	825	1,070	6.5	6.1	7.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,085	485	605	3.7	3.6	3.9
Africa	1,035	495	545	3.6	3.7	3.5
Algeria	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egypt	265	130	135	0.9	1.0	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morocco	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	75	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	195	100	90	0.7	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	445	190	250	1.5	1.4	1.6
Asia	17,185	8,050	9,135	59.4	59.4	59.3
Afghanistan	455	210	245	1.6	1.5	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	4,135	2,105	2,035	14.3	15.5	13.2
Iraq	185	75	110	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanon	245	140	105	0.8	1.0	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	75	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Turkey	125	75	50	0.4	0.6	0.3
China⁹⁰	4,255	1,950	2,305	14.7	14.4	15.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	355	435	2.7	2.6	2.8
Korea, South⁹²	600	275	330	2.1	2.0	2.1
Taiwan	235	100	135	0.8	0.7	0.9
Philippines	1,565	550	1,015	5.4	4.1	6.6
Viet Nam	545	245	300	1.9	1.8	1.9
Bangladesh	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	805	430	380	2.8	3.2	2.5
Pakistan	615	310	300	2.1	2.3	1.9
Sri Lanka	340	160	175	1.2	1.2	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	2,195	1,025	1,170	7.6	7.6	7.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	75	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,310	1,590	1,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	310	160	145	9.4	10.1	8.4
Brazil	85	40	40	2.6	2.5	2.3
Colombia	40	20	15	1.2	1.3	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	40	25	1.8	2.5	1.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	50	25	25	1.5	1.6	1.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	20	1.4	1.3	1.2
Europe	325	160	160	9.8	10.1	9.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.6
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	95	35	60	2.9	2.2	3.5
Ukraine	75	35	40	2.3	2.2	2.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	35	10	1.4	2.2	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	80	35	45	2.4	2.2	2.6
Africa	95	45	50	2.9	2.8	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	15	15	1.1	0.9	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	15	10	0.8	0.9	0.6
Asia	2,585	1,220	1,370	78.1	76.7	79.7
Afghanistan	80	35	45	2.4	2.2	2.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	705	305	405	21.3	19.2	23.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15	0.9	0.9	0.9
India	170	95	75	5.1	6.0	4.4
Iran⁸⁸	545	285	260	16.5	17.9	15.1
Iraq	10	10	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Israel	65	35	35	2.0	2.2	2.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.9
Jordan	15	10	10	0.5	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	95	55	45	2.9	3.5	2.6
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	110	60	50	3.3	3.8	2.9
Philippines	380	135	240	11.5	8.5	14.0
Saudi Arabia	25	15	0	0.8	0.9	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.9	1.3	0.6
Turkey	45	25	15	1.4	1.6	0.9
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	210	95	110	6.3	6.0	6.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	86,610	42,105	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,975	14,500	16,475	35.8	34.4	37.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,480	11,205	11,275	26.0	26.6	25.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	33,160	16,400	16,760	38.3	39.0	37.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	23,995	11,310	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	13,790	6,810	6,980	57.5	60.2	55.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	5,550	3,320	2,225	23.1	29.4	17.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,240	3,490	4,755	34.3	30.9	37.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	6,245	2,410	3,840	26.0	21.3	30.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,695	1,980	1,715	15.4	17.5	13.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	265	110	155	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	23,995	11,310	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,585	790	795	6.6	7.0	6.3
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,855	765	1,090	7.7	6.8	8.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	630	265	365	2.6	2.3	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,425	605	820	5.9	5.3	6.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	18,425	8,855	9,560	76.8	78.3	75.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	86,610	42,100	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	30,230	14,570	15,660	34.9	34.6	35.2
South Asian	3,765	1,910	1,850	4.3	4.5	4.2
Chinese	8,635	4,065	4,565	10.0	9.7	10.3
Black	2,485	1,220	1,265	2.9	2.9	2.8
Filipino	2,110	790	1,320	2.4	1.9	3.0
Arab	990	545	445	1.1	1.3	1.0
Latin American	1,300	600	700	1.5	1.4	1.6
Southeast Asian	2,130	1,070	1,060	2.5	2.5	2.4
West Asian	5,610	2,840	2,775	6.5	6.7	6.2
Korean	960	470	490	1.1	1.1	1.1
Japanese	250	115	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	530	235	300	0.6	0.6	0.7
Multiple visible minorities	1,465	710	750	1.7	1.7	1.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	56,380	27,535	28,850	65.1	65.4	64.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	86,610	42,105	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,650	4,850	4,800	11.1	11.5	10.8
English	16,000	7,760	8,245	18.5	18.4	18.5
Irish	12,335	5,715	6,625	14.2	13.6	14.9
Scottish	12,235	5,665	6,570	14.1	13.5	14.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,055	1,890	2,170	4.7	4.5	4.9
German	5,165	2,535	2,625	6.0	6.0	5.9
Chinese	8,410	3,945	4,470	9.7	9.4	10.0
Italian	7,405	3,785	3,625	8.5	9.0	8.1
Indian (India)	1,880	965	915	2.2	2.3	2.1
Ukrainian	2,285	1,095	1,185	2.6	2.6	2.7
Dutch	2,770	1,215	1,550	3.2	2.9	3.5
Polish	2,365	1,135	1,230	2.7	2.7	2.8
Québécois	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,830	1,935	1,890	4.4	4.6	4.2
Filipino	2,100	795	1,305	2.4	1.9	2.9
French Canadian	885	425	455	1.0	1.0	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,180	560	625	1.4	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	430	190	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Métis	440	245	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,180	595	590	1.4	1.4	1.3
Russian	2,750	1,265	1,485	3.2	3.0	3.3
Norwegian	490	245	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Welsh	1,240	600	640	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portuguese	1,410	720	690	1.6	1.7	1.6
American	850	440	410	1.0	1.0	0.9
Spanish	1,095	525	570	1.3	1.2	1.3
Swedish	330	120	215	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hungarian	940	440	505	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	770	385	385	0.9	0.9	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	575	270	305	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jewish	1,475	790	685	1.7	1.9	1.5
Punjabi	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	815	415	405	0.9	1.0	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	425	250	175	0.5	0.6	0.4
Greek	1,425	720	705	1.6	1.7	1.6
Jamaican	915	410	505	1.1	1.0	1.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	970	460	510	1.1	1.1	1.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	1,025	510	520	1.2	1.2	1.2
Romanian	930	455	480	1.1	1.1	1.1
Lebanese	450	240	215	0.5	0.6	0.5
Iranian	4,175	2,115	2,060	4.8	5.0	4.6
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	535	265	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Danish	380	165	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	545	255	295	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belgian	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haitian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	235	130	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexican	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	290	115	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finnish	495	245	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lankan	330	155	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatian	460	235	230	0.5	0.6	0.5
Japanese	265	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	270	140	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	240	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	325	185	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	290	150	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Tamil	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Icelandic	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	265	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	160	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Syrian	170	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	460	230	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afghan	745	360	390	0.9	0.9	0.9
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	260	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	270	115	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	435	240	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
Ontarian	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian	1,465	740	725	1.7	1.8	1.6
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	370	230	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Turkish	230	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	300	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slovak	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	210	110	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iraqi	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
African Caribbean	155	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquin	40	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
South African	210	110	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australian	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Palestinian	130	60	65	0.2	0.1	0.1
Chilean	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	620	330	285	0.7	0.8	0.6
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	280	155	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Macedonian	505	285	220	0.6	0.7	0.5
Slovenian	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israeli	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mohawk	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
African American	110	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	125	65	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	665	355	310	0.8	0.8	0.7
Ilocano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	130	85	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	165	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Franco Ontarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	215	110	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Thai	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igbo	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	165	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	175	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	90	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chaldean	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sinhalese	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mayan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	225	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sicilian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	86,615	42,100	44,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,925	915	1,015	2.2	2.2	2.3
Christian	43,835	19,970	23,865	50.6	47.4	53.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,625	3,030	3,590	7.6	7.2	8.1
Anabaptist	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Anglican	3,555	1,540	2,015	4.1	3.7	4.5
Baptist	765	295	465	0.9	0.7	1.0
Catholic	20,690	9,695	10,995	23.9	23.0	24.7
Christian Orthodox	3,645	1,735	1,910	4.2	4.1	4.3
Jehovah's Witness	265	80	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
Latter Day Saints	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	495	210	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	815	310	500	0.9	0.7	1.1
Presbyterian	1,370	610	765	1.6	1.4	1.7
Reformed	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,065	1,280	1,785	3.5	3.0	4.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,980	910	1,065	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hindu	1,135	550	585	1.3	1.3	1.3
Jewish	1,695	920	780	2.0	2.2	1.8
Muslim	5,600	2,785	2,820	6.5	6.6	6.3
Sikh	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	665	285	380	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	31,585	16,585	15,000	36.5	39.4	33.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	85,910	41,735	44,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	76,935	37,380	39,555	89.6	89.6	89.5
Movers	8,975	4,355	4,620	10.4	10.4	10.5
Non-migrants	3,320	1,660	1,660	3.9	4.0	3.8
Migrants	5,660	2,695	2,955	6.6	6.5	6.7
Internal migrants	5,080	2,405	2,675	5.9	5.8	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	4,950	2,345	2,600	5.8	5.6	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	130	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
External migrants	575	295	285	0.7	0.7	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	82,610	40,095	42,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	51,710	25,020	26,695	62.6	62.4	62.8
Movers	30,900	15,070	15,830	37.4	37.6	37.2
Non-migrants	7,560	3,720	3,840	9.2	9.3	9.0
Migrants	23,340	11,350	11,985	28.3	28.3	28.2
Internal migrants	20,265	9,905	10,360	24.5	24.7	24.4
Intraprovincial migrants	19,280	9,445	9,835	23.3	23.6	23.1
Interprovincial migrants	985	455	525	1.2	1.1	1.2
External migrants	3,070	1,445	1,625	3.7	3.6	3.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,100	34,600	37,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,895	5,460	5,435	15.1	15.8	14.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,205	29,135	32,070	84.9	84.2	85.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,975	22,975	25,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,060	2,225	1,840	8.5	9.7	7.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,920	20,750	23,170	91.5	90.3	92.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	72,100	34,600	37,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,975	4,925	5,050	13.8	14.2	13.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,875	9,290	9,590	26.2	26.8	25.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,250	20,385	22,865	60.0	58.9	61.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,870	9,765	10,105	27.6	28.2	26.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,975	2,130	840	4.1	6.2	2.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,300	810	490	1.8	2.3	1.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,675	1,320	355	2.3	3.8	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,985	6,785	8,205	20.8	19.6	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,915	850	1,060	2.7	2.5	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,380	10,620	12,760	32.4	30.7	34.0
Bachelor's degree	16,355	7,205	9,150	22.7	20.8	24.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,660	750	900	2.3	2.2	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	370	190	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Master's degree	4,535	2,190	2,350	6.3	6.3	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	465	290	175	0.6	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,980	22,970	25,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,505	1,895	1,605	7.3	8.2	6.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,220	5,090	5,125	21.3	22.2	20.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,255	15,985	18,275	71.4	69.6	73.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,005	7,445	7,565	31.3	32.4	30.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,020	1,455	565	4.2	6.3	2.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	880	535	340	1.8	2.3	1.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,145	925	220	2.4	4.0	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,600	5,380	6,225	24.2	23.4	24.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,380	615	770	2.9	2.7	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,250	8,540	10,715	40.1	37.2	42.9
Bachelor's degree	13,210	5,740	7,465	27.5	25.0	29.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,380	590	790	2.9	2.6	3.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	315	145	170	0.7	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	3,960	1,840	2,120	8.3	8.0	8.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	215	160	0.8	0.9	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	72,105	34,600	37,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,855	14,220	14,640	40.0	41.1	39.0
Education	2,510	480	2,025	3.5	1.4	5.4
13. Education	2,510	480	2,025	3.5	1.4	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,820	815	1,010	2.5	2.4	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	145	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,635	665	965	2.3	1.9	2.6
Humanities	2,510	880	1,625	3.5	2.5	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	50	270	0.5	0.1	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	675	190	485	0.9	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	610	215	400	0.8	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	375	205	165	0.5	0.6	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	10	115	0.2	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,870	1,870	4,005	8.1	5.4	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	685	245	435	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	910	70	835	1.3	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	800	255	545	1.1	0.7	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175	55	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,005	200	805	1.4	0.6	2.1
45. Social sciences	2,220	1,030	1,195	3.1	3.0	3.2
Business, management and public administration	9,980	4,355	5,625	13.8	12.6	15.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	665	110	555	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,280	4,245	5,030	12.9	12.3	13.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,860	775	1,090	2.6	2.2	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	770	270	500	1.1	0.8	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	455	185	275	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	550	310	235	0.8	0.9	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,625	1,685	935	3.6	4.9	2.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,975	1,395	580	2.7	4.0	1.5
25. Library science	140	20	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	425	210	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	95	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,240	7,100	1,135	11.4	20.5	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	515	325	190	0.7	0.9	0.5
14. Engineering	3,345	2,660	690	4.6	7.7	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,540	1,360	180	2.1	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,220	1,195	25	1.7	3.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,035	1,030	15	1.4	3.0	0.0
48. Precision production	575	540	30	0.8	1.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	695	355	340	1.0	1.0	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	420	220	200	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	140	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Health and related fields	5,210	1,080	4,130	7.2	3.1	11.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	710	325	380	1.0	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,415	705	3,710	6.1	2.0	9.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,905	970	935	2.6	2.8	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,060	300	760	1.5	0.9	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	595	455	135	0.8	1.3	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	215	35	0.4	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,980	22,975	25,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,725	6,990	6,730	28.6	30.4	26.9
Education	1,840	305	1,535	3.8	1.3	6.1
13. Education	1,840	305	1,535	3.8	1.3	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,475	630	845	3.1	2.7	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	110	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,325	520	810	2.8	2.3	3.2
Humanities	2,035	725	1,315	4.2	3.2	5.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	295	45	250	0.6	0.2	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	545	170	380	1.1	0.7	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	195	325	1.1	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	75	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	285	155	125	0.6	0.7	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	10	90	0.2	0.0	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,805	1,525	3,280	10.0	6.6	13.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	590	220	365	1.2	1.0	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	45	650	1.4	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	695	220	475	1.4	1.0	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	40	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	820	155	670	1.7	0.7	2.7
45. Social sciences	1,825	820	1,000	3.8	3.6	4.0
Business, management and public administration	8,030	3,435	4,595	16.7	15.0	18.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	515	80	440	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,500	3,360	4,145	15.6	14.6	16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,410	550	860	2.9	2.4	3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	590	195	400	1.2	0.8	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	365	155	215	0.8	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	385	195	190	0.8	0.8	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,245	1,425	820	4.7	6.2	3.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,730	1,215	515	3.6	5.3	2.1
25. Library science	105	20	90	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	340	145	190	0.7	0.6	0.8
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,565	5,590	975	13.7	24.3	3.9
04. Architecture and related services	395	230	165	0.8	1.0	0.7
14. Engineering	2,835	2,220	615	5.9	9.7	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,225	1,095	140	2.6	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	940	920	20	2.0	4.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	760	745	15	1.6	3.2	0.1
48. Precision production	410	390	20	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	535	265	270	1.1	1.2	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	330	160	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	105	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	3,875	785	3,085	8.1	3.4	12.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	550	250	305	1.1	1.1	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,245	500	2,745	6.8	2.2	11.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,430	745	685	3.0	3.2	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	785	225	555	1.6	1.0	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	495	385	110	1.0	1.7	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	155	130	25	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	47,980	22,975	25,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,725	6,990	6,730	28.6	30.4	26.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,255	15,980	18,275	71.4	69.6	73.1
Location of study inside Canada	25,345	11,835	13,510	52.8	51.5	54.0
Same as province or territory of residence	23,800	11,120	12,675	49.6	48.4	50.7
Different than province or territory of residence	1,545	715	830	3.2	3.1	3.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	8,915	4,145	4,765	18.6	18.0	19.1
Americas	1,185	550	640	2.5	2.4	2.6
United States of America	685	315	370	1.4	1.4	1.5
Mexico	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	135	60	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peru	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	125	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Europe	2,065	1,025	1,040	4.3	4.5	4.2
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Poland	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Romania	265	140	120	0.6	0.6	0.5
Russian Federation	380	145	235	0.8	0.6	0.9
Ukraine	300	135	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	425	235	190	0.9	1.0	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	260	145	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Africa	310	165	145	0.6	0.7	0.6
Nigeria	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	85	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	5,245	2,375	2,875	10.9	10.3	11.5
Iran⁸⁸	1,685	795	890	3.5	3.5	3.6
Iraq	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Lebanon	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkey	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,375	635	740	2.9	2.8	3.0
Taiwan	45	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Japan	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	175	80	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Philippines	565	155	415	1.2	0.7	1.7
Viet Nam	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	425	215	205	0.9	0.9	0.8
Pakistan	170	95	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	365	190	180	0.8	0.8	0.7
Oceania	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australia	95	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	72,100	34,600	37,500	...	...	...
In the labour force	48,060	24,565	23,500	...	...	...
Employed	42,140	21,840	20,300	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,920	2,720	3,205	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,040	10,035	14,000	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.7	71.0	62.7	66.7	71.0	62.7
Employment rate	58.4	63.1	54.1	58.4	63.1	54.1
Unemployment rate	12.3	11.1	13.6	12.3	11.1	13.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	72,105	34,600	37,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,215	10,175	14,035	33.6	29.4	37.4
Worked	47,890	24,425	23,465	66.4	70.6	62.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,415	14,445	11,970	36.6	41.7	31.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	21,475	9,980	11,495	29.8	28.8	30.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	42.0	40.2	41.1	42.0	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,060	24,560	23,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,125	485	635	2.3	2.0	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,940	24,075	22,865	97.7	98.0	97.3
Employee	39,315	19,380	19,935	81.8	78.9	84.8
Permanent position	33,275	16,665	16,615	69.2	67.9	70.7
Temporary position	6,040	2,720	3,320	12.6	11.1	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,075	855	1,220	4.3	3.5	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,960	1,865	2,095	8.2	7.6	8.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,625	4,690	2,930	15.9	19.1	12.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,060	24,560	23,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,125	485	635	2.3	2.0	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,940	24,075	22,865	97.7	98.0	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	715	560	155	1.5	2.3	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,090	2,805	6,285	18.9	11.4	26.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,950	3,685	1,265	10.3	15.0	5.4
3 Health occupations	3,035	615	2,420	6.3	2.5	10.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,540	1,640	3,900	11.5	6.7	16.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,495	720	785	3.1	2.9	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	11,940	5,545	6,395	24.8	22.6	27.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,120	6,510	615	14.8	26.5	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	700	495	200	1.5	2.0	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,350	1,505	850	4.9	6.1	3.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,060	24,560	23,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,125	485	635	2.3	2.0	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	46,940	24,075	22,865	97.7	98.0	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	220	100	120	0.5	0.4	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	340	200	145	0.7	0.8	0.6
23 Construction	4,030	3,460	575	8.4	14.1	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	4,590	3,055	1,530	9.6	12.4	6.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,750	1,115	635	3.6	4.5	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	5,580	2,605	2,975	11.6	10.6	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,800	1,360	435	3.7	5.5	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,085	670	420	2.3	2.7	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,940	1,345	1,590	6.1	5.5	6.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,255	690	565	2.6	2.8	2.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,060	2,725	2,330	10.5	11.1	9.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	170	60	110	0.4	0.2	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,095	1,265	830	4.4	5.2	3.5
61 Educational services	3,705	1,030	2,675	7.7	4.2	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	4,890	880	4,010	10.2	3.6	17.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	905	510	390	1.9	2.1	1.7
72 Accommodation and food services	2,510	1,090	1,420	5.2	4.4	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,795	770	1,025	3.7	3.1	4.4
91 Public administration	2,170	1,110	1,060	4.5	4.5	4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,375	26,135	25,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	47,650	24,380	23,270	92.7	93.3	92.2
French	100	15	90	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	555	295	260	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	555	295	260	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and French	685	245	445	1.3	0.9	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	2,320	1,160	1,160	4.5	4.4	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,375	26,135	25,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	50,680	25,835	24,840	98.6	98.9	98.4
Official languages	49,615	25,260	24,360	96.6	96.7	96.5
English	49,400	25,220	24,185	96.2	96.5	95.8
French	210	35	175	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official languages	1,060	580	485	2.1	2.2	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,060	580	485	2.1	2.2	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	335	185	150	0.7	0.7	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	125	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	120	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	210	120	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	190	115	80	0.4	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	650	355	295	1.3	1.4	1.2
Chinese languages	650	355	295	1.3	1.4	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	490	260	220	1.0	1.0	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	700	300	405	1.4	1.1	1.6
English and French	105	15	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	590	275	310	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,375	26,135	25,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	48,910	24,930	23,975	95.2	95.4	95.0
English	465	230	235	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	470	200	270	0.9	0.8	1.1
Non-official language	1,215	615	600	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,215	615	600	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	120	45	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	42,140	21,840	20,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	13,675	6,345	7,330	32.5	29.1	36.1
Worked outside Canada	125	95	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,805	3,810	995	11.4	17.4	4.9
Usual place of work	23,535	11,590	11,945	55.8	53.1	58.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	23,535	11,590	11,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,180	3,725	5,455	39.0	32.1	45.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,770	4,430	4,340	37.3	38.2	36.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,525	3,405	2,120	23.5	29.4	17.7
Commute to a different province or territory	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,345	15,400	12,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	25,500	14,140	11,360	90.0	91.8	87.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	23,075	13,145	9,930	81.4	85.4	76.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,430	995	1,435	8.6	6.5	11.1
Public transit	1,105	470	635	3.9	3.1	4.9
Walked	1,070	475	595	3.8	3.1	4.6
Bicycle	105	90	15	0.4	0.6	0.1
Other method	565	235	330	2.0	1.5	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,345	15,400	12,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,520	3,505	5,010	30.1	22.8	38.7
15 to 29 minutes	6,855	3,510	3,345	24.2	22.8	25.8
30 to 44 minutes	6,355	3,970	2,395	22.4	25.8	18.5
45 to 59 minutes	3,385	2,275	1,105	11.9	14.8	8.5
60 minutes and over	3,225	2,140	1,085	11.4	13.9	8.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,345	15,400	12,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,285	1,700	580	8.1	11.0	4.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,940	3,230	1,715	17.4	21.0	13.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,670	3,540	3,130	23.5	23.0	24.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,865	2,590	3,275	20.7	16.8	25.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,185	1,955	2,225	14.8	12.7	17.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,400	2,390	2,010	15.5	15.5	15.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,385	9,480	8,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,705	845	855	9.3	8.9	9.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,680	8,635	8,050	90.7	91.1	90.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,045	7,270	6,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,375	675	695	9.8	9.3	10.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	825	370	455	5.9	5.1	6.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	305	240	3.9	4.2	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,675	6,595	6,080	90.2	90.7	89.7

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 5, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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