Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	OrilliaMore information: Ontario [Census agglomeration]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	33,411	...	...
Population, 2016¹	31,166	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	15,428	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	14,422	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,171.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	28.53	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	33,410	15,685	17,725
0 to 14 years	4,645	2,375	2,270
0 to 4 years	1,550	795	760
5 to 9 years	1,525	780	750
10 to 14 years	1,570	800	760
15 to 64 years	20,090	9,635	10,455
15 to 19 years	1,600	820	780
20 to 24 years	1,690	855	835
25 to 29 years	2,175	1,040	1,135
30 to 34 years	2,275	1,150	1,125
35 to 39 years	1,970	940	1,035
40 to 44 years	1,680	810	875
45 to 49 years	1,720	835	885
50 to 54 years	1,900	890	1,010
55 to 59 years	2,460	1,115	1,340
60 to 64 years	2,620	1,185	1,435
65 years and over	8,675	3,670	5,005
65 to 69 years	2,335	1,010	1,320
70 to 74 years	2,110	985	1,125
75 to 79 years	1,530	640	890
80 to 84 years	1,210	510	695
85 years and over	1,490	520	965
85 to 89 years	845	335	510
90 to 94 years	470	140	330
95 to 99 years	150	45	105
100 years and over	25	10	15
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	15.1	12.8
15 to 64 years	60.1	61.4	59.0
65 years and over	26.0	23.4	28.2
85 years and over	4.5	3.3	5.4
Average age of the population	45.8	44.0	47.3
Median age of the population	46.8	44.0	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	14,425	...	...
Single-detached house	8,035	...	...
Semi-detached house	360	...	...
Row house	1,245	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	905	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,760	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	920	...	...
Other single-attached house	30	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	170	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	14,420	...	...
1 person	4,770	...	...
2 persons	5,210	...	...
3 persons	2,065	...	...
4 persons	1,500	...	...
5 or more persons	875	...	...
Number of persons in private households	32,275	15,220	17,055
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	28,765	13,305	15,460
Married or living common-law	14,740	7,350	7,395
Married	11,085	5,525	5,555
Living common-law	3,660	1,820	1,840
Living common law - Never married	2,540	1,265	1,270
Living common law - Separated	230	115	120
Living common law - Divorced	775	395	380
Living common law - Widowed	115	45	70
Not married and not living common-law	14,025	5,960	8,065
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,795	4,100	3,695
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,175	485	690
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,520	880	1,635
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,530	490	2,040
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,285	...	...
2 persons	5,515	...	...
3 persons	1,950	...	...
4 persons	1,280	...	...
5 or more persons	540	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,285	...	...
Total couple families	7,180	...	...
Married couples	5,350	...	...
With children⁶	2,200	...	...
Without children	3,155	...	...
Common-law couples	1,825	...	...
With children⁶	760	...	...
Without children	1,065	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,105	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,690	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	420	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	32,275	15,220	17,055
Total - Persons in census families	24,885	12,090	12,795
Married spouses or common-law partners	14,360	7,160	7,200
Parents in one-parent families	2,110	415	1,690
Children⁶	8,425	4,520	3,910
In a two-parent family	5,235	2,775	2,455
In a one-parent family	3,195	1,745	1,450
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	7,390	3,125	4,260
Living alone	4,770	1,810	2,955
Living with other relatives⁷	900	375	530
Living with non-relatives only	1,710	940	775
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	14,425	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,850	...	...
Couple-family households	6,290	...	...
With children⁶	2,595	...	...
Without children	3,690	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,565	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	400	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	570	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	695	...	...
One-person households	4,770	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	27,630	12,840	14,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,810	12,405	14,410
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,830	12,410	14,420
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	36,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,050	10,790	12,265
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,800	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,890	8,770	9,120
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	33,600	25,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,920	11,400	13,525
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,000	11,400	14,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,975	1,340	1,635
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,800	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,075	3,840	4,235
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	27,630	12,845	14,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,835	12,445	14,390
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,480	49,960	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	26,845	12,440	14,405
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,320	42,360	36,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,100	10,730	12,365
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,960	45,520	33,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,895	8,690	9,205
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,040	43,360	33,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,920	11,440	13,480
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,860	11,650	13,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,960	1,330	1,630
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,430	6,155	6,660
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,115	3,815	4,300
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,110	8,740	9,430
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	27,630	12,845	14,785
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,295	3,855	3,445
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	59,200	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,050	67,500	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,690	3,485	4,205
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	20,800	14,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,700	27,240	20,780
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.8	78.6	68.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.8	60.6	50.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.3	21.4	31.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.0	6.0	8.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	5.4	6.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	27,630	12,845	14,785
Without total income	820	440	375
With total income	26,815	12,405	14,410
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,705	725	980
$10,000 to $19,999	3,550	1,520	2,025
$20,000 to $29,999	5,020	2,135	2,890
$30,000 to $39,999	4,090	1,780	2,315
$40,000 to $49,999	3,370	1,510	1,855
$50,000 to $59,999	2,645	1,235	1,410
$60,000 to $69,999	1,860	905	955
$70,000 to $79,999	1,270	670	595
$80,000 to $89,999	915	510	405
$90,000 to $99,999	650	365	285
$100,000 and over	1,730	1,050	680
$100,000 to $149,999	1,275	720	555
$150,000 and over	455	325	130
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	27,630	12,845	14,785
Without after-tax income	800	430	370
With after-tax income	26,830	12,410	14,415
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,840	760	1,080
$10,000 to $19,999	3,670	1,585	2,085
$20,000 to $29,999	5,680	2,430	3,250
$30,000 to $39,999	4,725	2,125	2,600
$40,000 to $49,999	3,810	1,735	2,075
$50,000 to $59,999	2,565	1,235	1,325
$60,000 to $69,999	1,580	825	755
$70,000 to $79,999	1,035	575	460
$80,000 to $89,999	750	385	365
$90,000 to $99,999	400	225	175
$100,000 and over	775	530	245
$100,000 to $124,999	430	280	155
$125,000 and over	345	250	90
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	27,630	12,845	14,785
Without employment income	9,740	4,070	5,665
With employment income	17,895	8,775	9,120
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,040	1,375	1,665
$5,000 to $9,999	1,615	675	935
$10,000 to $19,999	2,430	1,065	1,360
$20,000 to $29,999	2,040	930	1,105
$30,000 to $39,999	1,885	940	950
$40,000 to $49,999	1,605	815	790
$50,000 to $59,999	1,310	690	615
$60,000 to $69,999	1,105	540	565
$70,000 to $79,999	705	420	285
$80,000 to $89,999	535	315	220
$90,000 to $99,999	495	275	225
$100,000 and over	1,135	730	405
$100,000 to $124,999	630	355	275
$125,000 and over	510	375	130
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	27,630	12,840	14,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,495	12,255	14,240
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,505	12,255	14,250
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	35,200	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,120	10,800	12,315
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,175	8,900	9,275
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	36,800	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,705	10,730	12,975
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	3,600	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,930	855	1,070
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	5,320	5,440
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	27,630	12,845	14,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,435	12,295	14,145
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,640	48,320	39,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,445	12,295	14,155
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,560	41,160	34,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,050	10,765	12,290
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,480	46,840	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,125	8,835	9,295
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,840	45,080	34,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,590	10,735	12,855
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,340	8,340	10,170
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,965	925	1,040
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,020	6,400	7,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	27,630	12,845	14,785
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,260	3,835	3,425
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	55,600	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,500	65,700	54,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,270	3,325	3,945
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	29,400	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	35,000	27,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	81.0	85.0	76.6
Employment income (%)	62.6	67.0	57.8
Government transfers (%)	19.1	15.1	23.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	14,420	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,770	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,650	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	14,420	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,785	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,080	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,640	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	14,420	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	210	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	365	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	705	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	665	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	630	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	630	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	640	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	670	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,275	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,180	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,010	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	850	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,420	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,640	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,060	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,010	...	...
$200,000 and over	710	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	14,420	...	...
Under $5,000	110	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	220	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	385	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	755	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	750	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	720	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	720	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	770	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	770	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,420	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,325	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,175	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,040	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	910	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,300	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	800	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,015	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,150	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,800	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,010	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,950	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,480	2,750	3,730
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	34,400	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,000	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,110	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,790	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,075	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,895	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,480	2,755	3,730
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,360	42,280	44,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,040	36,880	38,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	32,270	15,215	17,055
0 to 17 years	5,575	2,840	2,740
0 to 5 years	1,835	935	900
18 to 64 years	18,900	9,015	9,885
65 years and over	7,795	3,365	4,430
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,065	1,745	2,320
0 to 17 years	865	430	435
0 to 5 years	290	145	145
18 to 64 years	2,125	935	1,185
65 years and over	1,080	380	700
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.6	11.5	13.6
0 to 17 years (%)	15.5	15.2	15.8
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.6	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	10.4	12.0
65 years and over (%)	13.8	11.3	15.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	32,275	15,220	17,055
0 to 17 years	5,580	2,840	2,735
0 to 5 years	1,835	935	900
18 to 64 years	18,900	9,010	9,885
65 years and over	7,795	3,360	4,435
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,460	715	740
0 to 17 years	220	110	115
0 to 5 years	75	40	40
18 to 64 years	1,120	555	570
65 years and over	110	50	60
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	4.7	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	3.8	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.2	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.5	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	32,275	15,215	17,055
In bottom half of the distribution	19,235	8,865	10,370
In bottom decile	3,620	1,655	1,960
In second decile	4,130	1,835	2,295
In third decile	4,000	1,840	2,155
In fourth decile	3,960	1,845	2,115
In fifth decile	3,525	1,685	1,840
In top half of the distribution	13,040	6,350	6,685
In sixth decile	3,365	1,625	1,745
In seventh decile	2,895	1,405	1,495
In eighth decile	2,655	1,275	1,375
In ninth decile	2,250	1,115	1,130
In top decile	1,875	925	945
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	32,275	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	32,595	15,370	17,230
English only	30,865	14,700	16,165
French only	0	0	0
English and French	1,625	625	1,000
Neither English nor French	105	45	60
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	32,595	15,370	17,230
English	32,125	15,170	16,950
French	340	145	195
English and French	30	10	25
Neither English nor French	95	40	60
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	32,595	15,370	17,230
Single responses	32,090	15,130	16,965
Official languages	30,015	14,200	15,810
English	29,635	14,035	15,600
French	375	165	215
Non-official languages	2,080	925	1,150
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15
Algonquian languages	20	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	15	10	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,055	915	1,135
Afro-Asiatic languages	50	20	25
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	25
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	10
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5
Vietnamese	35	10	25
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	215	85	130
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	5
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	5	0	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	200	75	120
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	25	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	20	5
Tamil	25	5	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,310	600	715
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	20	5	15
Balto-Slavic languages	265	110	155
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	5	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	0
Slavic languages	260	105	155
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	5	10
Macedonian	5	5	5
Polish	90	35	55
Russian	50	20	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	15	25
Bosnian	5	0	0
Croatian	15	5	10
Serbian	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	5
Ukrainian	40	15	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	310	135	180
Frisian	5	0	5
High German languages	195	80	115
German	185	75	115
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	45	55
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	95	45	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	15	5
Danish	5	10	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	0
Swedish	10	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages	295	155	145
Indo-Aryan languages	265	135	130
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	5
Gujarati	125	65	60
Hindi	35	20	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	0	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	30	35
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0
Urdu	10	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	20	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	30	15	10
Dari	5	0	5
Iranian Persian	25	15	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	180	200
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	195	100	90
Portuguese	55	25	30
Romanian	30	10	15
Spanish	110	35	70
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	5	5
Korean	50	20	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	95	115
Chinese languages	205	95	115
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	40	50
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	45	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	95	35	55
Estonian	15	5	5
Finnish	25	10	20
Hungarian	55	25	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	505	240	265
English and French	185	80	100
English and non-official language(s)	300	150	150
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	32,595	15,370	17,230
English	30,390	14,370	16,020
French	25	10	20
Non-official language	350	150	200
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	350	150	200
English and French	280	105	180
English and non-official language(s)	1,485	710	775
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	25
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	32,595	15,370	17,230
Single responses	32,250	15,200	17,045
Official languages	31,455	14,835	16,615
English	31,400	14,815	16,580
French	55	20	35
Non-official languages	790	365	425
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	795	365	425
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	10	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	115	55	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	5	5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	50	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	35	20	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	10	5
Tamil	20	5	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	360	160	195
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	10	0	5
Balto-Slavic languages	65	25	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	65	25	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10
Russian	25	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5
Bosnian	5	5	5
Croatian	5	0	0
Serbian	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	20	10	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	20	5	15
German	20	5	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	170	80	90
Indo-Aryan languages	150	70	80
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	10
Gujarati	75	40	40
Hindi	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	10	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	10	5	10
Dari	5	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	45	45
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	35	15	20
Portuguese	15	5	5
Romanian	5	0	5
Spanish	40	20	20
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	40	20	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	5
American Sign Language	10	10	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	70	75
Chinese languages	150	70	80
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	65	30	35
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	350	165	180
English and French	45	20	25
English and non-official language(s)	295	145	150
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	32,595	15,370	17,230
None	31,060	14,670	16,390
English	405	185	215
French	215	80	135
Non-official language	780	365	410
Indigenous³⁹	45	25	20
Non-Indigenous	735	340	395
English and French	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	15
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	32,275	15,215	17,055
Official languages	32,145	15,165	16,980
English	32,140	15,160	16,980
French	1,655	670	985
Non-official languages	3,055	1,370	1,685
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	50	35
Algonquian languages	90	50	35
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	50	35
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	90	50	35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,970	1,320	1,650
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	40	50
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	80	40	40
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	60	35	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0
Maltese	10	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	30	50
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	80	30	50
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	290	115	175
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	10	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	115	175
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	20	30
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	45	20	20
Tamil	10	0	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,885	870	1,010
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	15	10	0
Balto-Slavic languages	335	135	200
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	325	135	200
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	15	10	0
Polish	95	35	65
Russian	105	40	65
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	15	25
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	20	0	20
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	0	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	55	25	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	435	185	250
Frisian	10	10	0
High German languages	245	110	135
German	240	110	130
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	75	110
Afrikaans	15	10	15
Dutch	170	70	100
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	35	20	15
Danish	20	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	15	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	20
Indo-Iranian languages	410	200	215
Indo-Aryan languages	350	165	190
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	115	60	55
Hindi	170	75	95
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	65	75
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	30	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	60	30	30
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	60	30	30
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	30	10	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	665	340	330
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	275	155	120
Portuguese	90	45	40
Romanian	25	10	15
Spanish	330	155	175
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	75	35	40
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	50	30	20
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	10	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	60	15	45
American Sign Language	60	15	45
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	300	135	165
Chinese languages	300	135	165
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	150	65	85
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	80	90
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	10	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	15	10	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	125	45	75
Estonian	10	0	0
Finnish	20	10	10
Hungarian	95	40	60
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,275	15,220	17,055
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,975	935	1,040
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,910	920	990
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,315	635	680
Métis	585	280	310
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	10
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	15	35
Non-Indigenous identity	30,300	14,280	16,020
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	32,275	15,220	17,055
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	890	390	505
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	31,380	14,830	16,550
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	14,425	...	...
Owner	8,825	...	...
Renter	5,595	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	14,425	...	...
Condominium	1,610	...	...
Not condominium	12,810	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	14,425	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...
1 bedroom	1,945	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,780	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,305	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	14,425	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,875	...	...
5 rooms	2,310	...	...
6 rooms	2,210	...	...
7 rooms	1,920	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,110	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	14,425	...	...
One person or fewer per room	14,340	...	...
More than one person per room	85	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	14,425	...	...
Suitable	13,925	...	...
Not suitable	500	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	14,425	...	...
1960 or before	4,510	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,855	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,740	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,555	...	...
2001 to 2005	640	...	...
2006 to 2010	620	...	...
2011 to 2015	470	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,030	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	14,425	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,480	...	...
Major repairs needed	945	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	14,425	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,775	...	...
Two-maintainer household	6,015	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	630	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	14,425	...	...
15 to 24 years	325	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,940	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,920	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,205	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,835	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,715	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,685	...	...
85 years and over	795	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	14,370	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,535	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,835	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,535	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	14,425	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,815	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,425	...	...
Not suitable only	335	...	...
Major repairs needed only	600	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	295	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	9,605	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	14,070	...	...
In core need	1,810	...	...
Not in core need	12,265	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,825	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,342	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	582,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,595	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,261	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	32,270	15,215	17,055
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	725	315	415
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	715	315	405
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	545	225	325
Métis single ancestry	160	80	80
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,720	855	865
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,705	855	855
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,260	685	570
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	445	170	280
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	29,830	14,050	15,780
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	32,270	15,215	17,055
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	31,460	14,855	16,600
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,570	2,820	2,755
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,885	12,035	13,850
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	810	365	455
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	32,270	15,215	17,055
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	28,970	13,755	15,220
Immigrants⁸¹	3,115	1,380	1,735
Before 1980	1,460	645	820
1980 to 1990	375	185	190
1991 to 2000	400	150	250
2001 to 2010	405	170	235
2011 to 2021⁸²	475	230	240
2011 to 2015	200	100	105
2016 to 2021	280	135	140
Non-permanent residents⁸³	185	80	100
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,115	1,380	1,735
Under 5 years	320	150	175
5 to 14 years	625	270	350
15 to 24 years	735	315	420
25 to 44 years	1,225	555	665
45 years and over	210	85	125
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,115	1,380	1,735
Americas	420	210	205
Brazil	25	15	15
Colombia	35	15	20
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	30	15	15
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	60	25	35
Mexico	15	15	0
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10
United States of America	170	90	80
Other places of birth in Americas	50	25	25
Europe	1,550	660	890
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	20	0	15
France	15	0	10
Germany	150	45	105
Greece	30	15	15
Hungary	45	10	30
Italy	110	75	35
Netherlands	120	60	60
Poland	60	20	35
Portugal	35	20	20
Romania	20	10	10
Russian Federation	45	15	25
Serbia⁸⁶	20	0	15
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	705	285	420
Other places of birth in Europe	170	85	90
Africa	150	55	95
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	25	10	15
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	25	10	15
Somalia	10	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	50	10	40
Other places of birth in Africa	35	25	10
Asia	965	435	530
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0
Turkey	10	10	0
China⁹⁰	160	55	100
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	25	20
Korea, South⁹²	70	35	40
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	270	115	160
Viet Nam	55	30	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	175	85	90
Pakistan	50	30	20
Sri Lanka	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Asia	40	10	40
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	15	10
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	275	135	140
Americas	65	40	20
Brazil	15	10	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	15	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0
Europe	15	0	10
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	195	85	105
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	65	30	40
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	45	15	25
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	32,275	15,220	17,055
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,575	1,565	2,010
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,785	2,320	2,465
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,920	11,335	12,580
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,655	735	915
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	725	360	370
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	340	200	140
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	390	160	225
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	750	300	450
Refugees¹⁰⁸	165	70	85
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,655	735	915
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55	25	30
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	190	75	115
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	40	20	25
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	85	50	40
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	15	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,265	550	715
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	32,275	15,220	17,055
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,375	1,095	1,285
South Asian	590	300	290
Chinese	345	135	210
Black	405	210	195
Filipino	360	150	210
Arab	50	25	25
Latin American	105	60	45
Southeast Asian	155	55	100
West Asian	55	25	30
Korean	90	45	40
Japanese	30	10	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	35	50
Multiple visible minorities	100	40	55
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	29,895	14,125	15,770
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	32,275	15,215	17,055
Canadian	5,925	2,870	3,055
English	10,370	4,880	5,490
Irish	7,720	3,615	4,105
Scottish	8,195	3,700	4,495
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,425	1,490	1,935
German	3,105	1,455	1,650
Chinese	395	165	230
Italian	1,600	820	780
Indian (India)	455	215	235
Ukrainian	850	325	525
Dutch	1,640	795	850
Polish	890	355	535
Québécois	60	30	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,815	875	940
Filipino	315	135	180
French Canadian	440	225	215
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	960	475	485
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	735	355	385
Métis	630	255	370
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	430	190	245
Russian	275	130	150
Norwegian	205	100	110
Welsh	670	350	320
Portuguese	215	115	100
American	335	180	160
Spanish	185	105	80
Swedish	180	90	90
Hungarian	280	110	170
Acadian	105	40	60
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	65	20	50
Jewish	150	75	75
Punjabi	40	20	15
Vietnamese	80	30	45
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	165	95	65
Jamaican	180	90	90
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	100	40	60
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	105	40	65
Korean	100	50	45
Romanian	65	25	40
Lebanese	40	20	20
Iranian	25	10	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	110	65	50
Danish	205	90	110
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	310	150	160
Sikh	25	10	15
Austrian	180	95	85
Belgian	60	20	45
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	35	15	20
Mexican	20	20	0
Mennonite	35	15	20
Swiss	175	80	95
Finnish	335	140	190
Sri Lankan	40	25	15
Croatian	70	45	30
Japanese	45	15	30
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75	40	35
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	115	55	55
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	15	15
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	15	0
Tamil	10	0	10
Icelandic	90	45	45
Colombian	55	30	25
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	80	40	40
Syrian	15	10	10
Guyanese	45	25	25
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	30	10	20
Ojibway	365	200	165
Newfoundlander	100	60	40
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	260	125	135
Persian	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	15	15
Turkish	20	10	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	25	20	0
Nigerian	40	25	15
Armenian	25	20	10
Slovak	35	15	20
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	25	50
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	10	10	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	10
Algonquin	20	10	10
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	15	20
Lithuanian	20	10	10
South African	35	15	25
Australian	55	30	25
Palestinian	20	15	10
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	10	10	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	10	25
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	80	30	55
Macedonian	50	25	30
Slovenian	15	0	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	35	10
New Brunswicker	20	10	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	10	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	90	50	40
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	0	10
Bulgarian	30	15	10
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	25	20	10
African American	35	15	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	15	20
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	25	20	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	40	20	20
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	15	10
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	35	15	20
Northern Irish	60	30	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	30	15	15
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	60	25	35
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	20	0	20
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	20	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	15	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	10	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10
New Zealander	20	20	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	20	25
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	65	35	30
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	15	0	15
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	25	0	20
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	15	10	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	20	15	0
United Empire Loyalist	25	20	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	10	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	30	25	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	32,275	15,220	17,055
Buddhist	100	50	50
Christian	15,940	6,845	9,095
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,320	920	1,400
Anabaptist	25	10	15
Anglican	2,060	905	1,155
Baptist	755	330	425
Catholic	5,660	2,495	3,165
Christian Orthodox	170	90	80
Jehovah's Witness	105	35	75
Latter Day Saints	45	20	20
Lutheran	140	65	70
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	65	30	35
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	250	90	160
Presbyterian	1,025	420	600
Reformed	25	10	15
United Church	2,425	1,035	1,390
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	885	380	505
Hindu	210	95	115
Jewish	110	65	45
Muslim	150	75	70
Sikh	75	35	35
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	40	20
Other religions and spiritual traditions	305	130	175
No religion and secular perspectives	15,325	7,880	7,445
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	31,970	15,080	16,890
Non-movers	27,325	12,915	14,410
Movers	4,645	2,165	2,480
Non-migrants	2,040	940	1,095
Migrants	2,605	1,220	1,385
Internal migrants	2,435	1,155	1,280
Intraprovincial migrants	2,370	1,125	1,250
Interprovincial migrants	55	30	25
External migrants	175	65	105
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	30,720	14,420	16,295
Non-movers	16,245	7,600	8,645
Movers	14,475	6,820	7,655
Non-migrants	5,095	2,400	2,695
Migrants	9,380	4,425	4,950
Internal migrants	8,980	4,250	4,735
Intraprovincial migrants	8,715	4,135	4,580
Interprovincial migrants	265	115	150
External migrants	395	175	220
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,630	12,845	14,785
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,010	3,110	2,900
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	21,620	9,735	11,890
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,535	7,840	8,700
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,405	1,440	960
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	14,135	6,400	7,735
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	27,630	12,840	14,785
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,375	2,750	2,625
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,565	4,145	4,425
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,685	5,950	7,735
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,850	3,980	4,870
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,665	1,135	530
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	895	525	375
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	770	615	155
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,670	2,655	4,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	515	190	325
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,835	1,970	2,860
Bachelor's degree	3,455	1,380	2,085
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	345	110	240
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	150	100	50
Master's degree	765	325	440
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	110	60	55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	16,535	7,845	8,695
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,075	1,255	820
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,030	2,630	2,395
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,435	3,955	5,480
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,170	2,740	3,425
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,010	690	320
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	575	360	215
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	440	335	105
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,865	1,950	2,915
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	285	100	190
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,265	1,215	2,055
Bachelor's degree	2,415	920	1,495
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	220	45	175
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	55	40
Master's degree	460	160	300
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	75	35	40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	27,630	12,840	14,790
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,945	6,895	7,050
Education	955	220	740
13. Education	955	220	740
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	565	280	280
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	30	30	0
50. Visual and performing arts	535	255	280
Humanities	605	290	320
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	20
23. English language and literature/letters	165	55	110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	75	65
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	35	35
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	65	25
54. History	85	45	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,105	700	1,410
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	170	80	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	605	80	530
22. Legal professions and studies	260	75	185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	10	40
42. Psychology	365	110	255
45. Social sciences	630	335	290
Business, management and public administration	2,325	935	1,390
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10
44. Public administration and social service professions	335	70	265
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,985	860	1,120
Physical and life sciences and technologies	375	155	220
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190	55	140
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	85	40	55
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	65	40	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	20	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	380	245	140
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	280	210	70
25. Library science	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	30	40
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,145	1,975	170
04. Architecture and related services	85	55	30
14. Engineering	265	230	40
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	460	435	25
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	455	430	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	465	455	15
48. Precision production	405	370	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	315	175	140
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175	75	100
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	95	45
Health and related fields	2,725	420	2,305
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	80	135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,450	295	2,155
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	60	45	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,180	570	605
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	560	175	385
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	500	290	205
49. Transportation and materials moving	110	100	15
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	16,535	7,840	8,695
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,100	3,885	3,215
Education	560	110	445
13. Education	560	110	445
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	415	195	215
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	400	185	215
Humanities	360	175	185
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	105	35	70
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	90	45	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	10	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	30	15
54. History	60	30	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,500	435	1,065
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	70	80
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	490	55	430
22. Legal professions and studies	185	55	130
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0	35
42. Psychology	215	45	170
45. Social sciences	405	195	210
Business, management and public administration	1,665	620	1,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	255	40	215
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,400	575	825
Physical and life sciences and technologies	270	90	185
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	45	130
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	20	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	30	20	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	295	210	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	185	50
25. Library science	15	0	15
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	15	25
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,425	1,295	130
04. Architecture and related services	60	40	20
14. Engineering	155	130	30
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	305	285	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	315	300	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	275	265	15
48. Precision production	300	275	30
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	245	110	130
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	50	100
03. Natural resources and conservation	95	60	35
Health and related fields	1,760	255	1,505
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	150	60	90
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,570	170	1,390
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	45	25	15
Personal, protective and transportation services	935	470	465
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	430	140	295
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	400	245	155
49. Transportation and materials moving	100	85	15
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	16,535	7,840	8,695
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,100	3,885	3,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,435	3,955	5,480
Location of study inside Canada	8,565	3,625	4,940
Same as province or territory of residence	8,170	3,415	4,750
Different than province or territory of residence	395	210	185
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	875	330	545
Americas	220	95	130
United States of America	175	70	100
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	20	10	10
Colombia	10	0	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	200	75	125
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	30	0	25
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	110	40	70
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	10	0
Africa	35	10	20
Nigeria	10	0	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	370	140	230
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	60	25	30
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	30	10	20
Philippines	115	35	85
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	110	50	60
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10
Oceania	45	10	35
Australia	40	10	30
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	27,630	12,840	14,785
In the labour force	15,540	7,775	7,770
Employed	13,190	6,685	6,505
Unemployed	2,355	1,090	1,260
Not in the labour force	12,085	5,065	7,020
Participation rate	56.2	60.6	52.6
Employment rate	47.7	52.1	44.0
Unemployment rate	15.2	14.0	16.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	27,630	12,840	14,790
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,095	5,205	6,890
Worked	15,535	7,640	7,895
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,465	3,960	3,505
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,070	3,680	4,390
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.4	40.0	38.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	15,545	7,775	7,770
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	410	180	225
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	15,135	7,590	7,540
Employee	13,225	6,505	6,725
Permanent position	11,400	5,675	5,725
Temporary position	1,830	825	1,000
Fixed term (1 year or more)	550	235	310
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,280	590	690
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,905	1,095	815
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	15,545	7,775	7,770
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	410	180	225
All occupations¹⁹¹	15,135	7,590	7,540
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	115	90	20
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,980	545	1,435
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	675	500	175
3 Health occupations	1,420	190	1,230
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,880	625	1,255
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	330	140	190
6 Sales and service occupations	4,965	2,210	2,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,845	2,570	275
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	215	175	40
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	710	555	155
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	15,545	7,775	7,770
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	410	180	225
All industries¹⁹¹	15,135	7,590	7,540
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	45	40	15
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	65	60	0
22 Utilities	75	60	10
23 Construction	1,350	1,210	140
31-33 Manufacturing	1,240	985	250
41 Wholesale trade	410	305	110
44-45 Retail trade	2,320	1,040	1,280
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	535	360	170
51 Information and cultural industries	205	120	85
52 Finance and insurance	315	115	200
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	215	145	70
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	685	365	325
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	15	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	715	395	320
61 Educational services	945	270	680
62 Health care and social assistance	2,425	420	2,005
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	690	395	295
72 Accommodation and food services	1,300	565	740
81 Other services (except public administration)	530	235	300
91 Public administration	1,035	500	535
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	16,940	8,300	8,645
English	16,590	8,190	8,405
French	30	0	30
Non-official language	20	0	20
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	0	20
English and French	160	35	125
English and non-official language(s)	125	65	60
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	16,940	8,300	8,645
Single responses	16,895	8,280	8,615
Official languages	16,865	8,270	8,590
English	16,815	8,270	8,545
French	50	0	45
Non-official languages	35	10	25
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	10	25
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	0	15
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	0	15
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0	15
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0	15
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	30
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	16,940	8,300	8,645
None	16,680	8,215	8,470
English	30	0	30
French	135	35	100
Non-official language	75	40	30
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	0
Non-Indigenous	60	35	30
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	13,190	6,685	6,505
Worked at home	2,275	895	1,385
Worked outside Canada	35	30	0
No fixed workplace address	1,945	1,410	530
Usual place of work	8,940	4,350	4,590
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,940	4,355	4,585
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	5,635	2,440	3,195
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,410	1,385	1,025
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	885	520	370
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,885	5,760	5,120
Car, truck or van	9,460	5,115	4,345
Car, truck or van - as a driver	8,490	4,675	3,810
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	970	435	535
Public transit	360	135	230
Walked	725	325	400
Bicycle	105	65	40
Other method	225	120	105
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,885	5,760	5,120
Less than 15 minutes	5,615	2,585	3,025
15 to 29 minutes	2,215	1,170	1,045
30 to 44 minutes	1,520	900	615
45 to 59 minutes	590	370	225
60 minutes and over	945	740	205
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,885	5,760	5,120
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	935	650	280
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,085	1,275	805
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,455	1,295	1,160
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,105	920	1,190
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,315	535	775
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,995	1,090	905
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,715	2,910	2,805
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	480	240	235
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,235	2,670	2,565
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,075	2,070	2,005
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	360	175	180
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	205	100	110
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145	75	70
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,715	1,895	1,820

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 19, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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