Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Oxford, County (CTY)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	121,781
Population, 2016¹	110,846^r
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.9
Total private dwellings²	49,445
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	47,876
Population density per square kilometre	59.7
Land area in square kilometres	2,038.18
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	121,780
0 to 14 years	22,015
0 to 4 years	7,200
5 to 9 years	7,485
10 to 14 years	7,330
15 to 64 years	75,380
15 to 19 years	6,880
20 to 24 years	6,450
25 to 29 years	7,235
30 to 34 years	7,935
35 to 39 years	7,920
40 to 44 years	7,300
45 to 49 years	7,130
50 to 54 years	7,305
55 to 59 years	8,770
60 to 64 years	8,450
65 years and over	24,390
65 to 69 years	7,420
70 to 74 years	6,310
75 to 79 years	4,465
80 to 84 years	3,025
85 years and over	3,170
85 to 89 years	1,990
90 to 94 years	875
95 to 99 years	260
100 years and over	35
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.1
15 to 64 years	61.9
65 years and over	20.0
85 years and over	2.6
Average age of the population	41.8
Median age of the population	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	47,880
Single-detached house	34,165
Semi-detached house	2,405
Row house	3,190
Apartment or flat in a duplex	800
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,710
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,260
Other single-attached house	85
Movable dwelling⁴	265
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	47,875
1 person	12,070
2 persons	17,645
3 persons	7,105
4 persons	6,605
5 or more persons	4,450
Number of persons in private households	120,265
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	99,765
Married or living common-law	61,745
Married	50,830
Living common-law	10,915
Living common law - Never married	6,905
Living common law - Separated	780
Living common law - Divorced	2,835
Living common law - Widowed	395
Not married and not living common-law	38,020
Not married and not living common law - Never married	23,185
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,910
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,725
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,195
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,435
2 persons	18,510
3 persons	7,135
4 persons	6,390
5 or more persons	3,400
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,440
Total couple families	30,450
Married couples	24,990
With children⁶	12,525
Without children	12,465
Common-law couples	5,455
With children⁶	2,355
Without children	3,100
Total one-parent families	4,990
in which the parent is a woman+	3,770
in which the parent is a man+	1,215
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	120,265
Total - Persons in census families	102,935
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,895
Parents in one-parent families	4,985
Children⁶	37,045
In a two-parent family	29,225
In a one-parent family	7,825
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,330
Living alone	12,070
Living with other relatives⁷	2,280
Living with non-relatives only	2,975
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	47,875
One-census-family households without additional persons	31,675
Couple-family households	27,855
With children⁶	13,565
Without children	14,290
One-parent-family households	3,825
Multigenerational households⁸	1,255
Multiple-census-family households⁹	245
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,300
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,335
One-person households	12,070
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	98,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,410
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,490
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,400
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,360
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,850
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,165
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,060
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	98,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,495
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,555
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,480
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,355
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,800
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,110
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,810
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,230
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	98,265
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,380
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,980
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	98,265
Without total income	2,850
With total income	95,415
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,665
$10,000 to $19,999	11,225
$20,000 to $29,999	14,295
$30,000 to $39,999	12,035
$40,000 to $49,999	11,810
$50,000 to $59,999	10,365
$60,000 to $69,999	8,055
$70,000 to $79,999	5,950
$80,000 to $89,999	4,175
$90,000 to $99,999	2,990
$100,000 and over	7,855
$100,000 to $149,999	5,925
$150,000 and over	1,925
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	98,265
Without after-tax income	2,770
With after-tax income	95,495
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,065
$10,000 to $19,999	11,735
$20,000 to $29,999	16,145
$30,000 to $39,999	14,710
$40,000 to $49,999	14,365
$50,000 to $59,999	10,990
$60,000 to $69,999	7,340
$70,000 to $79,999	4,810
$80,000 to $89,999	3,235
$90,000 to $99,999	1,770
$100,000 and over	3,330
$100,000 to $124,999	1,890
$125,000 and over	1,430
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	98,265
Without employment income	27,910
With employment income	70,355
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,845
$5,000 to $9,999	5,085
$10,000 to $19,999	8,160
$20,000 to $29,999	6,285
$30,000 to $39,999	6,665
$40,000 to $49,999	7,580
$50,000 to $59,999	6,500
$60,000 to $69,999	5,260
$70,000 to $79,999	3,875
$80,000 to $89,999	2,955
$90,000 to $99,999	2,290
$100,000 and over	5,860
$100,000 to $124,999	3,435
$125,000 and over	2,425
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	98,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,990
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,015
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,735
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,655
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,410
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,315
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	98,265
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,925
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,935
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,845
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,675
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,220
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,370
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	98,265
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,125
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,545
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6
Employment income (%)	70.2
Government transfers (%)	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	47,875
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,070
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	35,805
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	47,875
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,200
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,090
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,960
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,640
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	35,785
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,200
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,400
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	47,875
Under $5,000	230
$5,000 to $9,999	140
$10,000 to $14,999	455
$15,000 to $19,999	790
$20,000 to $24,999	1,455
$25,000 to $29,999	1,600
$30,000 to $34,999	1,300
$35,000 to $39,999	1,580
$40,000 to $44,999	1,785
$45,000 to $49,999	1,850
$50,000 to $59,999	3,645
$60,000 to $69,999	3,515
$70,000 to $79,999	3,410
$80,000 to $89,999	3,190
$90,000 to $99,999	3,050
$100,000 and over	19,880
$100,000 to $124,999	6,635
$125,000 to $149,999	4,685
$150,000 to $199,999	5,120
$200,000 and over	3,450
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	47,875
Under $5,000	295
$5,000 to $9,999	150
$10,000 to $14,999	475
$15,000 to $19,999	825
$20,000 to $24,999	1,525
$25,000 to $29,999	1,840
$30,000 to $34,999	1,550
$35,000 to $39,999	1,875
$40,000 to $44,999	2,165
$45,000 to $49,999	2,175
$50,000 to $59,999	4,300
$60,000 to $69,999	4,145
$70,000 to $79,999	3,910
$80,000 to $89,999	3,860
$90,000 to $99,999	3,485
$100,000 and over	15,300
$100,000 to $124,999	6,505
$125,000 to $149,999	3,925
$150,000 and over	4,870
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,880
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,425
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,030
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,545
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	15,045
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,865
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,700
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,440
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,200
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,030
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,700
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,530
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,800
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,045
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	120,260
0 to 17 years	26,175
0 to 5 years	8,750
18 to 64 years	70,845
65 years and over	23,240
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,930
0 to 17 years	2,355
0 to 5 years	870
18 to 64 years	5,020
65 years and over	2,555
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.3
0 to 17 years (%)	9.0
0 to 5 years (%)	9.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.1
65 years and over (%)	11.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	120,265
0 to 17 years	26,180
0 to 5 years	8,755
18 to 64 years	70,845
65 years and over	23,240
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,970
0 to 17 years	545
0 to 5 years	195
18 to 64 years	2,150
65 years and over	270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	120,265
In bottom half of the distribution	59,770
In bottom decile	8,425
In second decile	11,220
In third decile	13,005
In fourth decile	13,250
In fifth decile	13,870
In top half of the distribution	60,490
In sixth decile	13,965
In seventh decile	13,315
In eighth decile	12,975
In ninth decile	11,855
In top decile	8,385
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	120,265
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	120,950
English only	115,080
French only	25
English and French	5,065
Neither English nor French	775
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	120,950
English	119,090
French	935
English and French	175
Neither English nor French	740
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	120,950
Single responses	118,965
Official languages	106,995
English	105,955
French	1,040
Non-official languages	11,970
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	5
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,970
Afro-Asiatic languages	220
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	5
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	215
Amharic	0
Arabic	170
Aramaic languages	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205
Khmer (Cambodian)	20
Vietnamese	185
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	335
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	20
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	5
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	270
Waray-Waray	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	5
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	155
Kannada	0
Malayalam	95
Tamil	45
Telugu	15
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	10
Indo-European languages	10,050
Albanian	35
Armenian	10
Balto-Slavic languages	1,150
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	5
Lithuanian	30
Slavic languages	1,110
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	20
Macedonian	5
Polish	700
Russian	85
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	190
Bosnian	35
Croatian	80
Serbian	70
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	10
Ukrainian	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	15
Irish	5
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	4,420
Frisian	55
High German languages	1,605
German	1,450
Pennsylvania German	120
Swiss German	35
Yiddish	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,715
Afrikaans	15
Dutch	2,130
Low German, n.o.s.	140
Low Saxon	15
Plautdietsch	270
Vlaams (Flemish)	155
Scandinavian languages	40
Danish	30
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5
Greek	90
Indo-Iranian languages	2,655
Indo-Aryan languages	2,590
Assamese	0
Bengali	25
Gujarati	155
Hindi	115
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	5
Nepali	120
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,905
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	250
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	60
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	5
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	55
Dari	30
Iranian Persian	20
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,685
Catalan	0
Italian	295
Portuguese	645
Romanian	140
Spanish	605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	45
Korean	115
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	70
Akan (Twi)	15
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	10
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	250
Chinese languages	235
Hakka	5
Mandarin	130
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	90
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	5
S'gaw Karen	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	45
Lao	35
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	15
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	10
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	415
Estonian	5
Finnish	25
Hungarian	385
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,980
English and French	385
English and non-official language(s)	1,440
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	95
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	120,950
English	109,585
French	150
Non-official language	2,920
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	2,920
English and French	755
English and non-official language(s)	7,210
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	195
Multiple non-official languages	125
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	120,950
Single responses	119,405
Official languages	114,135
English	113,900
French	230
Non-official languages	5,270
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,270
Afro-Asiatic languages	95
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	95
Amharic	5
Arabic	70
Aramaic languages	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130
Khmer (Cambodian)	10
Vietnamese	120
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	125
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	10
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	105
Kannada	0
Malayalam	70
Tamil	30
Telugu	5
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	4,405
Albanian	15
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	400
Baltic languages	10
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	385
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	10
Macedonian	0
Polish	255
Russian	45
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	50
Bosnian	15
Croatian	15
Serbian	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,260
Frisian	10
High German languages	705
German	600
Pennsylvania German	105
Swiss German	5
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	535
Afrikaans	5
Dutch	345
Low German, n.o.s.	105
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	75
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	20
Indo-Iranian languages	2,095
Indo-Aryan languages	2,070
Assamese	0
Bengali	15
Gujarati	85
Hindi	60
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	100
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,620
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5
Urdu	180
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	30
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	30
Dari	15
Iranian Persian	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	600
Catalan	0
Italian	55
Portuguese	200
Romanian	50
Spanish	290
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	85
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	30
Akan (Twi)	5
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	0
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	40
American Sign Language	35
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	105
Chinese languages	100
Hakka	5
Mandarin	60
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	35
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	5
S'gaw Karen	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15
Lao	10
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	5
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	95
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	95
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	1,540
English and French	95
English and non-official language(s)	1,425
French and non-official language(s)	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10
Multiple non-official languages	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	120,945
None	114,010
English	2,035
French	630
Non-official language	3,645
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	3,640
English and French	25
English and non-official language(s)	240
French and non-official language(s)	105
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	240
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	120,260
Official languages	119,470
English	119,460
French	5,045
Non-official languages	15,780
Indigenous languages³⁹	30
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	10
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	10
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,760
Afro-Asiatic languages	255
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	255
Amharic	0
Arabic	180
Aramaic languages	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	20
Maltese	30
Tigrigna	10
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	360
Khmer (Cambodian)	45
Vietnamese	315
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	420
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	60
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	10
Ilocano	40
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	410
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10
Creole languages	25
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	0
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	210
Kannada	15
Malayalam	70
Tamil	135
Telugu	20
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	13,295
Albanian	40
Armenian	25
Balto-Slavic languages	1,430
Baltic languages	40
Latvian	15
Lithuanian	25
Slavic languages	1,395
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	30
Macedonian	0
Polish	825
Russian	210
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	240
Bosnian	25
Croatian	135
Serbian	110
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10
Slovak	60
Slovene (Slovenian)	15
Ukrainian	105
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20
Celtic languages	50
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	35
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	5,715
Frisian	110
High German languages	2,255
German	2,020
Pennsylvania German	235
Swiss German	30
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,805
Afrikaans	30
Dutch	3,145
Low German, n.o.s.	125
Low Saxon	30
Plautdietsch	335
Vlaams (Flemish)	160
Scandinavian languages	55
Danish	30
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	250
Indo-Iranian languages	3,460
Indo-Aryan languages	3,365
Assamese	0
Bengali	70
Gujarati	260
Hindi	1,030
Kacchi	20
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	10
Marathi	20
Nepali	110
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,245
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10
Urdu	585
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10
Iranian languages	120
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	15
Persian languages	105
Dari	80
Iranian Persian	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,600
Catalan	0
Italian	490
Portuguese	835
Romanian	140
Spanish	1,250
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	110
Korean	135
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	195
Akan (Twi)	50
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	75
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	35
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	135
American Sign Language	120
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	270
Chinese languages	270
Hakka	0
Mandarin	165
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	95
Chinese, n.o.s.	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60
Lao	45
Thai	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	25
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	580
Estonian	0
Finnish	30
Hungarian	550
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,260
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,775
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,635
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,640
Métis	965
Inuk (Inuit)	30
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	95
Non-Indigenous identity	117,485
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,260
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	835
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	119,430
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	47,875
Owner	35,140
Renter	12,735
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	47,875
Condominium	2,910
Not condominium	44,970
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	47,875
No bedrooms	100
1 bedroom	4,235
2 bedrooms	10,240
3 bedrooms	20,570
4 or more bedrooms	12,730
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	47,875
1 to 4 rooms	8,015
5 rooms	6,165
6 rooms	7,720
7 rooms	7,585
8 or more rooms	18,390
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.0
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	47,875
One person or fewer per room	47,495
More than one person per room	380
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	47,875
Suitable	46,375
Not suitable	1,505
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	47,875
1960 or before	14,670
1961 to 1980	11,605
1981 to 1990	4,765
1991 to 2000	5,140
2001 to 2005	2,325
2006 to 2010	2,655
2011 to 2015	2,690
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,030
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	47,875
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	45,545
Major repairs needed	2,335
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	47,875
One-maintainer household	22,420
Two-maintainer household	24,070
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,390
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	47,875
15 to 24 years	850
25 to 34 years	6,510
35 to 44 years	7,940
45 to 54 years	8,005
55 to 64 years	9,875
65 to 74 years	8,070
75 to 84 years	4,725
85 years and over	1,895
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,350
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,260
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,080
30% to less than 100%	7,530
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	47,875
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,215
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,520
Not suitable only	1,210
Major repairs needed only	1,805
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	155
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	390
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	120
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15
Acceptable housing	36,655
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	45,790
In core need	2,215
Not in core need	43,580
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,820
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.4
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.0
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,366
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	588,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,620
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.2
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.8
% in core housing need⁶³	12.8
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,187
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	120,265
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	835
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	800
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	615
Métis single ancestry	165
Inuit single ancestry	20
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,270
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,210
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,410
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	775
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	116,160
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	120,265
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	116,445
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,875
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	90,570
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,815
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	120,265
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	106,150
Immigrants⁸¹	13,670
Before 1980	5,195
1980 to 1990	1,800
1991 to 2000	1,910
2001 to 2010	2,270
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,490
2011 to 2015	1,165
2016 to 2021	1,325
Non-permanent residents⁸³	450
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	13,670
Under 5 years	1,705
5 to 14 years	3,015
15 to 24 years	3,305
25 to 44 years	4,775
45 years and over	865
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	13,670
Americas	2,310
Brazil	50
Colombia	95
El Salvador	40
Guyana	80
Haiti	0
Jamaica	370
Mexico	505
Peru	20
Trinidad and Tobago	115
United States of America	690
Other places of birth in Americas	345
Europe	7,260
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40
Croatia	90
France	20
Germany	410
Greece	135
Hungary	225
Italy	215
Netherlands	2,065
Poland	550
Portugal	420
Romania	205
Russian Federation	55
Serbia⁸⁶	75
Ukraine	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,010
Other places of birth in Europe	685
Africa	330
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20
Egypt	30
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	60
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	50
Other places of birth in Africa	150
Asia	3,705
Afghanistan	30
Iran⁸⁸	20
Iraq	80
Lebanon	25
Syria⁸⁹	20
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	115
Hong Kong⁹¹	25
Korea, South⁹²	100
Taiwan	0
Philippines	395
Viet Nam	200
Bangladesh	45
India	1,840
Pakistan	325
Sri Lanka	75
Other places of birth in Asia	400
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,325
Americas	265
Brazil	10
Colombia	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	70
Mexico	40
United States of America	85
Venezuela⁹⁵	0
Other places of birth in Americas	50
Europe	195
France	0
Germany	0
Ireland⁹⁶	10
Italy	15
Russian Federation	15
Ukraine	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35
Other places of birth in Europe	105
Africa	50
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	25
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20
Asia	800
Afghanistan	0
Bangladesh	0
China⁹⁰	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	480
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	10
Israel	0
Japan	10
Jordan	0
Korea, South⁹²	15
Lebanon	10
Nepal	0
Pakistan	90
Philippines	80
Saudi Arabia	0
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	0
Viet Nam	20
Other places of birth in Asia	20
Oceania and other⁹³	15
Australia	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	120,260
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,835
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,485
Third generation or more¹⁰²	83,940
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,470
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,730
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,415
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,320
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,450
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,175
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	115
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,470
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	435
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	940
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	435
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,430
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	120,260
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,230
South Asian	3,905
Chinese	380
Black	1,705
Filipino	575
Arab	180
Latin American	690
Southeast Asian	615
West Asian	215
Korean	165
Japanese	135
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	315
Multiple visible minorities	355
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	111,035
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	120,265
Canadian	22,450
English	35,115
Irish	20,725
Scottish	25,610
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,440
German	18,755
Chinese	610
Italian	3,490
Indian (India)	1,965
Ukrainian	2,020
Dutch	15,005
Polish	3,800
Québécois	100
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,240
Filipino	690
French Canadian	1,300
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,375
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,710
Métis	1,030
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,925
Russian	1,075
Norwegian	645
Welsh	2,280
Portuguese	1,950
American	1,685
Spanish	460
Swedish	470
Hungarian	3,195
Acadian	215
Pakistani	400
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	395
Jewish	190
Punjabi	705
Vietnamese	340
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25
Greek	545
Jamaican	710
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	205
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	75
Korean	160
Romanian	645
Lebanese	165
Iranian	35
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	710
Danish	470
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	465
Sikh	530
Austrian	635
Belgian	3,020
Haitian	0
Hindu	230
Mexican	905
Mennonite	920
Swiss	805
Finnish	485
Sri Lankan	60
Croatian	395
Japanese	170
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	225
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	205
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	345
Muslim	15
Egyptian	65
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	100
Tamil	60
Icelandic	30
Colombian	105
Moroccan	0
Czech	215
Syrian	85
Guyanese	235
Afghan	65
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	135
Serbian	230
Ojibway	200
Newfoundlander	340
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	1,045
Persian	50
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	230
Turkish	60
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45
Bangladeshi	50
Algerian	0
Brazilian	100
Nigerian	45
Armenian	65
Slovak	205
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	160
Somali	0
Taiwanese	0
Iraqi	100
Salvadorean	40
African Caribbean	90
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125
Algonquin	40
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	120
Lithuanian	265
South African	65
Australian	105
Palestinian	25
Chilean	45
Congolese	35
Nova Scotian	135
Ethiopian	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	75
Peruvian	35
Yoruba	35
Cambodian (Khmer)	90
Berber	0
Albanian	60
Maltese	230
Macedonian	60
Slovenian	135
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115
New Brunswicker	45
Gujarati	20
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	70
Israeli	10
Mohawk	205
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	140
Bulgarian	20
Albertan	10
Ghanaian	70
Barbadian	60
African American	115
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	185
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45
Cuban	40
Bosnian	25
Venezuelan	30
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0
Latvian	45
Bengali	15
Cameroonian	0
Guatemalan	100
Indonesian	65
Laotian	55
Ilocano	15
Northern Irish	125
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	75
British Columbian	10
Ecuadorian	0
Franco Ontarian	20
Argentinian	10
Estonian	70
Kurdish	15
Fijian	0
Jatt	100
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	105
Coptic	0
Thai	40
Dominican	10
Nepali	90
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	25
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	90
New Zealander	55
Sudanese	20
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	330
Malaysian	10
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	10
Saskatchewanian	30
Buddhist	0
Gaspesian	15
Norman	20
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	30
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	10
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	0
Jordanian	0
Manitoban	0
Cape Bretoner	70
Rwandan	0
Grenadian	35
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	0
Mayan	20
Honduran	30
Cherokee	40
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0
Indo-Caribbean	0
Flemish	115
United Empire Loyalist	70
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	45
Pashtun	10
Malay	0
Goan	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	0
Burmese	0
Mongolian	65
Azorean	25
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	0
Ugandan	15
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	0
Yemeni	25
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	0
Uruguayan	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	0
Prince Edward Islander	50
Maliseet	0
Beninese	0
Telugu	0
Roma	15
Costa Rican	15
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	0
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	120,260
Buddhist	330
Christian	67,975
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,185
Anabaptist	1,805
Anglican	6,075
Baptist	3,775
Catholic	20,650
Christian Orthodox	560
Jehovah's Witness	565
Latter Day Saints	215
Lutheran	1,995
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	305
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,235
Presbyterian	3,145
Reformed	3,195
United Church	11,105
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,170
Hindu	765
Jewish	85
Muslim	1,015
Sikh	2,050
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	55
Other religions and spiritual traditions	510
No religion and secular perspectives	47,475
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	119,000
Non-movers	105,435
Movers	13,565
Non-migrants	5,095
Migrants	8,470
Internal migrants	8,225
Intraprovincial migrants	7,920
Interprovincial migrants	310
External migrants	245
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	113,065
Non-movers	67,005
Movers	46,070
Non-migrants	13,310
Migrants	32,755
Internal migrants	31,490
Intraprovincial migrants	30,390
Interprovincial migrants	1,100
External migrants	1,265
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,265
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,640
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,625
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,715
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,535
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,180
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	98,265
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,630
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,285
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	33,030
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,370
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,890
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,480
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,305
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,355
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,255
Bachelor's degree	9,750
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	905
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335
Master's degree	2,025
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,715
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,455
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,535
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,720
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,465
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,330
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,900
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,435
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	860
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,260
Bachelor's degree	7,555
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	710
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225
Master's degree	1,575
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	98,265
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,975
Education	2,290
13. Education	2,290
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,310
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130
50. Visual and performing arts	1,180
Humanities	1,835
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95
23. English language and literature/letters	390
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	500
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	100
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90
39. Theology and religious vocations	230
54. History	310
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	110
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,185
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	485
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,705
22. Legal professions and studies	590
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140
42. Psychology	770
45. Social sciences	1,450
Business, management and public administration	8,355
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	980
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,350
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,180
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	495
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	215
41. Science technologies/technicians	145
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,410
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,110
25. Library science	125
27. Mathematics and statistics	150
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,225
04. Architecture and related services	230
14. Engineering	1,000
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,600
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,950
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,755
48. Precision production	1,690
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,440
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,065
03. Natural resources and conservation	375
Health and related fields	8,405
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	855
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,495
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,550
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	1,350
49. Transportation and materials moving	715
Other¹⁷⁹	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,995
Education	1,500
13. Education	1,500
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,050
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100
50. Visual and performing arts	955
Humanities	1,255
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65
23. English language and literature/letters	270
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	370
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65
39. Theology and religious vocations	125
54. History	235
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,090
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,370
22. Legal professions and studies	500
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100
42. Psychology	595
45. Social sciences	1,060
Business, management and public administration	6,405
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	800
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,590
Physical and life sciences and technologies	945
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	240
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15
40. Physical sciences	175
41. Science technologies/technicians	120
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,095
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	920
25. Library science	85
27. Mathematics and statistics	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,500
04. Architecture and related services	180
14. Engineering	775
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,890
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,450
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,890
48. Precision production	1,320
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,765
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,475
03. Natural resources and conservation	285
Health and related fields	6,290
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	715
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,530
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,800
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,155
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0
43. Security and protective services	1,125
49. Transportation and materials moving	520
Other¹⁷⁹	30
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,710
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,995
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,720
Location of study inside Canada	31,710
Same as province or territory of residence	30,590
Different than province or territory of residence	1,120
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,010
Americas	850
United States of America	580
Mexico	30
Cuba	10
Haiti	0
Jamaica	45
Brazil	55
Colombia	45
Peru	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other locations of study in Americas	65
Europe	850
Belgium	15
France	0
Germany	20
Netherlands	270
Switzerland	20
Hungary	30
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	75
Romania	55
Russian Federation	25
Ukraine	30
Ireland⁹⁶	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	240
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0
Other locations of study in Europe	65
Africa	60
Nigeria	10
Algeria	0
Morocco	0
Tunisia	0
Egypt	0
South Africa, Republic of	0
Other locations of study in Africa	35
Asia	1,185
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	10
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	0
Turkey	0
China⁹⁰	60
Taiwan	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
Japan	50
Korea, South⁹²	40
Philippines	220
Viet Nam	0
Bangladesh	20
Sri Lanka	0
India	620
Pakistan	120
Other locations of study in Asia	30
Oceania	70
Australia	55
New Zealand	15
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	98,265
In the labour force	62,975
Employed	56,450
Unemployed	6,525
Not in the labour force	35,290
Participation rate	64.1
Employment rate	57.4
Unemployment rate	10.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	98,265
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,575
Worked	63,695
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,345
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,350
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,975
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,110
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,865
Employee	52,825
Permanent position	46,985
Temporary position	5,845
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,665
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,180
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,040
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,975
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,110
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,865
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	515
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,800
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,930
3 Health occupations	4,330
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,260
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	905
6 Sales and service occupations	13,795
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,930
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,940
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,460
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,975
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,110
All industries¹⁹¹	61,865
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,925
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	175
22 Utilities	380
23 Construction	5,385
31-33 Manufacturing	13,220
41 Wholesale trade	2,350
44-45 Retail trade	6,365
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,840
51 Information and cultural industries	650
52 Finance and insurance	1,985
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	800
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,525
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,180
61 Educational services	2,990
62 Health care and social assistance	6,950
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	680
72 Accommodation and food services	2,955
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,510
91 Public administration	1,925
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,510
English	65,900
French	100
Non-official language	190
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	190
English and French	380
English and non-official language(s)	915
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,510
Single responses	67,295
Official languages	66,920
English	66,780
French	140
Non-official languages	380
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	380
Afro-Asiatic languages	0
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	0
Amharic	0
Arabic	0
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	0
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	330
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	0
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	0
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	220
Frisian	0
High German languages	135
German	80
Pennsylvania German	55
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	65
Low German, n.o.s.	10
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	90
Indo-Aryan languages	80
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	0
American Sign Language	0
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15
Chinese languages	15
Hakka	0
Mandarin	15
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	15
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	215
English and French	40
English and non-official language(s)	155
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,510
None	66,380
English	225
French	295
Non-official language	545
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	545
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	10
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	35
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,450
Worked at home	10,305
Worked outside Canada	140
No fixed workplace address	6,915
Usual place of work	39,085
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,085
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,955
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	13,655
Commute to a different province or territory	50
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	46,005
Car, truck or van	42,960
Car, truck or van - as a driver	39,560
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,400
Public transit	265
Walked	1,865
Bicycle	190
Other method	730
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	46,005
Less than 15 minutes	19,015
15 to 29 minutes	12,500
30 to 44 minutes	8,705
45 to 59 minutes	3,335
60 minutes and over	2,450
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	46,005
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,695
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10,420
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,980
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,230
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,605
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,085
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,680
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,055
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,615
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,955
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,625
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,080
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	540
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,335

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 24, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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