Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Peterborough, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	83,651	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	81,032	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	38,006	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	35,977	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,291.8	...	...	1,291.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	64.76	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	83,650	39,490	44,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,960	6,080	5,880	14.3	15.4	13.3
0 to 4 years	3,635	1,865	1,765	4.3	4.7	4.0
5 to 9 years	4,170	2,145	2,025	5.0	5.4	4.6
10 to 14 years	4,155	2,070	2,090	5.0	5.2	4.7
15 to 64 years	51,435	24,775	26,660	61.5	62.7	60.4
15 to 19 years	4,195	2,105	2,090	5.0	5.3	4.7
20 to 24 years	5,985	2,920	3,070	7.2	7.4	7.0
25 to 29 years	6,020	2,975	3,045	7.2	7.5	6.9
30 to 34 years	5,450	2,700	2,750	6.5	6.8	6.2
35 to 39 years	5,185	2,545	2,635	6.2	6.4	6.0
40 to 44 years	4,505	2,130	2,375	5.4	5.4	5.4
45 to 49 years	4,430	2,200	2,230	5.3	5.6	5.0
50 to 54 years	4,545	2,130	2,410	5.4	5.4	5.5
55 to 59 years	5,375	2,480	2,895	6.4	6.3	6.6
60 to 64 years	5,750	2,590	3,165	6.9	6.6	7.2
65 years and over	20,265	8,640	11,620	24.2	21.9	26.3
65 to 69 years	5,455	2,500	2,950	6.5	6.3	6.7
70 to 74 years	5,125	2,270	2,855	6.1	5.7	6.5
75 to 79 years	3,685	1,585	2,095	4.4	4.0	4.7
80 to 84 years	2,690	1,125	1,565	3.2	2.8	3.5
85 years and over	3,310	1,160	2,150	4.0	2.9	4.9
85 to 89 years	1,910	760	1,145	2.3	1.9	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,015	320	695	1.2	0.8	1.6
95 to 99 years	345	70	275	0.4	0.2	0.6
100 years and over	45	5	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	15.4	13.3	14.3	15.4	13.3
15 to 64 years	61.5	62.7	60.4	61.5	62.7	60.4
65 years and over	24.2	21.9	26.3	24.2	21.9	26.3
85 years and over	4.0	2.9	4.9	4.0	2.9	4.9
Average age of the population	44.1	42.5	45.6	44.1	42.5	45.6
Median age of the population	43.2	40.8	45.6	43.2	40.8	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,560	...	...	57.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	775	...	...	2.2	...	...
Row house	3,010	...	...	8.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,605	...	...	7.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,400	...	...	17.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,585	...	...	7.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,680	...	...	32.5	...	...
2 persons	12,785	...	...	35.5	...	...
3 persons	5,165	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	4,035	...	...	11.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,305	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	81,595	38,750	42,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	71,695	33,415	38,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	36,710	18,275	18,430	51.2	54.7	48.1
Married	28,210	14,045	14,165	39.3	42.0	37.0
Living common-law	8,500	4,230	4,265	11.9	12.7	11.1
Living common law - Never married	6,260	3,140	3,125	8.7	9.4	8.2
Living common law - Separated	465	225	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,535	755	780	2.1	2.3	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	240	105	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	34,985	15,135	19,850	48.8	45.3	51.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,600	11,185	10,415	30.1	33.5	27.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,530	1,000	1,535	3.5	3.0	4.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,440	1,905	3,530	7.6	5.7	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,415	1,045	4,370	7.6	3.1	11.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	22,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,045	...	...	57.8	...	...
3 persons	4,535	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	3,575	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,420	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	22,575	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,890	...	...	79.2	...	...
Married couples	13,645	...	...	60.4	...	...
With children⁶	6,230	...	...	27.6	...	...
Without children	7,415	...	...	32.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,245	...	...	18.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,535	...	...	6.8	...	...
Without children	2,710	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,680	...	...	20.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,805	...	...	16.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	875	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	81,595	38,750	42,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	61,605	29,975	31,630	75.5	77.4	73.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	35,780	17,845	17,930	43.9	46.1	41.8
Parents in one-parent families	4,685	880	3,805	5.7	2.3	8.9
Children⁶	21,135	11,250	9,890	25.9	29.0	23.1
In a two-parent family	14,030	7,365	6,670	17.2	19.0	15.6
In a one-parent family	7,105	3,885	3,220	8.7	10.0	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	19,990	8,775	11,220	24.5	22.6	26.2
Living alone	11,685	4,560	7,120	14.3	11.8	16.6
Living with other relatives⁷	1,985	830	1,155	2.4	2.1	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	6,330	3,380	2,945	7.8	8.7	6.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	19,620	...	...	54.5	...	...
Couple-family households	16,000	...	...	44.5	...	...
With children⁶	6,940	...	...	19.3	...	...
Without children	9,060	...	...	25.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,620	...	...	10.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	865	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,285	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,320	...	...	6.4	...	...
One-person households	11,685	...	...	32.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	69,660	32,680	36,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,370	31,420	35,955	96.7	96.1	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	40,000	34,800	37,200	40,000	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,395	31,435	35,960	96.7	96.2	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	36,400	32,400	34,000	36,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,565	27,560	31,005	84.1	84.3	83.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	34,800	25,000	29,600	34,800	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,150	22,515	22,635	64.8	68.9	61.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,200	31,800	26,800	29,200	31,800	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,425	28,650	33,775	89.6	87.7	91.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,100	12,800	11,800	10,100	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,110	2,825	3,275	8.8	8.6	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,480	5,520	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,090	8,940	10,150	27.4	27.4	27.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	69,640	32,655	36,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,270	31,355	35,920	96.6	96.0	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,960	51,900	42,680	46,960	51,900	42,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,310	31,375	35,935	96.7	96.1	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,360	43,760	37,400	40,360	43,760	37,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,440	27,720	30,720	83.9	84.9	83.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,160	47,440	35,520	41,160	47,440	35,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,120	22,630	22,490	64.8	69.3	60.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,200	43,640	36,720	40,200	43,640	36,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,485	28,740	33,745	89.7	88.0	91.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,080	10,860	13,120	12,080	10,860	13,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,265	2,935	3,330	9.0	9.0	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,510	6,260	6,740	6,510	6,260	6,740
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,970	8,890	10,080	27.2	27.2	27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,730	8,990	8,870	8,730	8,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	69,640	32,650	36,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,645	9,835	8,810	26.8	30.1	23.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	62,000	55,200	58,800	62,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600	72,900	61,800	67,600	72,900	61,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,905	8,515	10,390	27.1	26.1	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,000	15,900	16,400	17,000	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,020	25,640	22,700	24,020	25,640	22,700
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	80.8	71.2	76.2	80.8	71.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.4	60.7	53.9	57.4	60.7	53.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.9	19.2	28.9	23.9	19.2	28.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.3	7.1	6.2	5.3	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.3	4.8	5.9	5.3	4.8	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	69,660	32,685	36,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,290	1,260	1,025	3.3	3.9	2.8
With total income	67,375	31,420	35,950	96.7	96.1	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,870	2,280	2,585	7.2	7.3	7.2
$10,000 to $19,999	9,395	4,045	5,350	13.9	12.9	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	12,155	4,985	7,165	18.0	15.9	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	9,915	4,325	5,590	14.7	13.8	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,190	3,740	4,450	12.2	11.9	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,010	2,900	3,115	8.9	9.2	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,380	2,110	2,270	6.5	6.7	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,240	1,710	1,530	4.8	5.4	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,260	1,230	1,025	3.4	3.9	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,785	990	790	2.6	3.2	2.2
$100,000 and over	5,175	3,095	2,085	7.7	9.9	5.8
$100,000 to $149,999	3,740	2,135	1,605	5.6	6.8	4.5
$150,000 and over	1,440	960	480	2.1	3.1	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	69,660	32,685	36,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,260	1,245	1,015	3.2	3.8	2.7
With after-tax income	67,395	31,435	35,960	96.7	96.2	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,150	2,365	2,785	7.6	7.5	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,735	4,185	5,550	14.4	13.3	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,760	5,730	8,035	20.4	18.2	22.3
$30,000 to $39,999	11,490	5,185	6,305	17.0	16.5	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	8,770	4,125	4,645	13.0	13.1	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,045	2,930	3,120	9.0	9.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,115	2,125	1,995	6.1	6.8	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	2,590	1,405	1,185	3.8	4.5	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,235	1,170	1,065	3.3	3.7	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,135	665	475	1.7	2.1	1.3
$100,000 and over	2,360	1,560	805	3.5	5.0	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	1,270	820	450	1.9	2.6	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,090	735	360	1.6	2.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	69,660	32,685	36,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,510	10,170	14,340	35.2	31.1	38.8
With employment income	45,155	22,515	22,635	64.8	68.9	61.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,285	4,345	3,935	18.3	19.3	17.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,005	1,730	2,275	8.9	7.7	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	6,020	2,695	3,325	13.3	12.0	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	4,610	2,115	2,490	10.2	9.4	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,390	2,140	2,245	9.7	9.5	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	3,940	1,860	2,080	8.7	8.3	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	3,035	1,530	1,505	6.7	6.8	6.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,485	1,280	1,205	5.5	5.7	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,865	995	875	4.1	4.4	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	1,490	820	670	3.3	3.6	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,510	740	765	3.3	3.3	3.4
$100,000 and over	3,515	2,260	1,255	7.8	10.0	5.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,870	1,120	750	4.1	5.0	3.3
$125,000 and over	1,645	1,135	510	3.6	5.0	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	69,660	32,680	36,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,280	30,865	35,410	95.1	94.4	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,400	32,000	34,800	38,400	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,305	30,870	35,430	95.2	94.5	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	34,800	29,800	32,000	34,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,170	27,375	30,795	83.5	83.8	83.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	36,400	27,200	31,200	36,400	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	45,440	22,600	22,835	65.2	69.2	61.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	33,600	28,800	31,000	33,600	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,355	27,205	32,145	85.2	83.2	86.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	2,920	8,300	6,400	2,920	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,660	2,120	2,540	6.7	6.5	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,120	5,240	5,200	5,120	5,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	69,640	32,655	36,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,235	30,800	35,440	95.1	94.3	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,520	49,720	40,000	44,520	49,720	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,260	30,800	35,460	95.1	94.3	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,200	41,840	35,040	38,200	41,840	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,185	27,455	30,730	83.6	84.1	83.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,080	35,800	41,600	48,080	35,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,610	22,685	22,930	65.5	69.5	62.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,600	44,640	36,560	40,600	44,640	36,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,485	27,270	32,215	85.4	83.5	87.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,890	7,720	9,880	8,890	7,720	9,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,660	2,060	2,605	6.7	6.3	7.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,480	6,035	6,840	6,480	6,035	6,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	69,640	32,650	36,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,490	9,760	8,730	26.6	29.9	23.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	58,800	52,000	54,800	58,800	52,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,300	69,600	58,350	64,300	69,600	58,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,900	8,000	9,895	25.7	24.5	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	22,400	20,000	21,200	22,400	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,720	31,520	26,480	28,720	31,520	26,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	86.2	77.6	82.0	86.2	77.6
Employment income (%)	62.8	66.2	59.2	62.8	66.2	59.2
Government transfers (%)	17.9	13.8	22.4	17.9	13.8	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,705	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,040	...	...	40,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...	92,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,005	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,765	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,625	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,480	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,565	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,645	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,560	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,115	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,895	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,350	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,040	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,405	...	...	31.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,040	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,590	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,650	...	...	7.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,125	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	300	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	490	...	...	1.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,035	...	...	2.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,845	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,895	...	...	5.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,665	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,825	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,830	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,805	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,565	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,200	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,890	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,580	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,155	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,680	...	...	24.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,720	...	...	10.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,075	...	...	5.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,890	...	...	8.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	22,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,855	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,010	7,945	10,065	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,000	31,600	32,400	32,000	31,600	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,200	29,600	30,800	30,200	29,600	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	22,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...	108,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,600	...	...	92,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,800	...	...	142,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,600	...	...	119,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,100	...	...	66,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,740	7,720	10,015	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,000	42,000	40,240	41,000	42,000	40,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,880	36,240	35,600	35,880	36,240	35,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	81,595	38,745	42,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,280	7,295	6,980	17.5	18.8	16.3
0 to 5 years	4,425	2,265	2,160	5.4	5.8	5.0
18 to 64 years	48,705	23,275	25,425	59.7	60.1	59.3
65 years and over	18,610	8,170	10,440	22.8	21.1	24.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,465	4,670	5,790	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,025	1,035	990	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	655	330	330	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,070	2,820	3,250	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,370	810	1,560	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.1	13.5	12.8	12.1	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	14.2	14.2	14.1	14.2	14.2	14.1
0 to 5 years (%)	14.8	14.6	15.1	14.8	14.6	15.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.5	12.1	12.8	12.5	12.1	12.8
65 years and over (%)	12.7	9.9	14.9	12.7	9.9	14.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	81,595	38,750	42,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,280	7,295	6,985	17.5	18.8	16.3
0 to 5 years	4,420	2,265	2,155	5.4	5.8	5.0
18 to 64 years	48,700	23,280	25,425	59.7	60.1	59.3
65 years and over	18,615	8,175	10,440	22.8	21.1	24.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,930	2,565	2,360	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	485	245	240	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	145	75	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,155	2,200	1,950	...	...	...
65 years and over	285	120	170	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	6.6	5.5	6.0	6.6	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.2
18 to 64 years (%)	8.5	9.5	7.7	8.5	9.5	7.7
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	81,595	38,750	42,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	47,535	22,060	25,475	58.3	56.9	59.5
In bottom decile	10,825	5,115	5,710	13.3	13.2	13.3
In second decile	10,030	4,440	5,585	12.3	11.5	13.0
In third decile	9,595	4,435	5,155	11.8	11.4	12.0
In fourth decile	8,770	4,085	4,685	10.7	10.5	10.9
In fifth decile	8,320	3,980	4,335	10.2	10.3	10.1
In top half of the distribution	34,060	16,690	17,370	41.7	43.1	40.5
In sixth decile	7,805	3,735	4,065	9.6	9.6	9.5
In seventh decile	7,635	3,735	3,900	9.4	9.6	9.1
In eighth decile	6,805	3,335	3,460	8.3	8.6	8.1
In ninth decile	6,510	3,210	3,295	8.0	8.3	7.7
In top decile	5,315	2,665	2,650	6.5	6.9	6.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	81,595	...	...	81,595	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.461	...	...	0.461	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.277	...	...	0.277	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	82,405	39,060	43,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	75,595	36,210	39,375	91.7	92.7	90.8
French only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,510	2,715	3,795	7.9	7.0	8.8
Neither English nor French	290	125	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	82,405	39,060	43,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	81,205	38,535	42,665	98.5	98.7	98.4
French	800	335	460	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and French	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Neither English nor French	270	115	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	82,405	39,060	43,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	81,055	38,420	42,635	98.4	98.4	98.4
Official languages	75,175	35,600	39,580	91.2	91.1	91.3
English	74,330	35,240	39,095	90.2	90.2	90.2
French	840	360	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-official languages	5,885	2,825	3,060	7.1	7.2	7.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,860	2,815	3,050	7.1	7.2	7.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	490	260	230	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	475	255	225	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	440	240	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	110	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	210	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	325	140	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	330	185	145	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,495	1,705	1,795	4.2	4.4	4.1
Albanian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	580	250	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	555	245	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	290	125	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	660	265	395	0.8	0.7	0.9
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	355	140	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	350	140	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	255	100	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	240	95	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,335	745	590	1.6	1.9	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,100	620	475	1.3	1.6	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	295	180	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hindi	270	160	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	240	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	765	370	395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	365	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	480	215	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	465	205	255	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	315	140	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,350	640	710	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	345	150	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	895	440	455	1.1	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	82,405	39,060	43,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,620	35,805	39,815	91.8	91.7	91.9
French	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,180	590	585	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,175	595	585	1.4	1.5	1.3
English and French	890	380	515	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,230	2,055	2,170	5.1	5.3	5.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	82,405	39,060	43,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	81,395	38,570	42,820	98.8	98.7	98.8
Official languages	78,745	37,250	41,490	95.6	95.4	95.7
English	78,520	37,145	41,370	95.3	95.1	95.4
French	225	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	2,650	1,325	1,330	3.2	3.4	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,650	1,320	1,325	3.2	3.4	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	325	170	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	315	165	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	305	160	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,280	655	620	1.6	1.7	1.4
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	770	420	355	0.9	1.1	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	625	340	280	0.8	0.9	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	165	100	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	165	100	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	235	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	135	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	295	130	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	90	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,015	485	525	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	125	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	865	425	440	1.0	1.1	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	82,405	39,060	43,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,740	36,840	40,895	94.3	94.3	94.3
English	1,220	590	625	1.5	1.5	1.4
French	720	305	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	2,085	990	1,100	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,025	955	1,070	2.5	2.4	2.5
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	200	110	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	275	150	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	81,600	38,740	42,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	81,295	38,635	42,665	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	81,290	38,635	42,655	99.6	99.7	99.5
French	6,410	2,655	3,760	7.9	6.9	8.8
Non-official languages	8,625	4,170	4,450	10.6	10.8	10.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,515	4,130	4,390	10.4	10.7	10.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	625	305	330	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	610	295	315	0.7	0.8	0.7
Amharic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	545	260	280	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	155	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	285	125	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	455	205	245	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	410	185	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	505	285	220	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kannada	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	210	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,520	2,765	2,760	6.8	7.1	6.4
Albanian	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	700	285	410	0.9	0.7	1.0
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	680	285	400	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	430	180	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	955	475	480	1.2	1.2	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	625	310	315	0.8	0.8	0.7
German	620	310	310	0.8	0.8	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	290	145	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,115	1,155	965	2.6	3.0	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,820	1,020	800	2.2	2.6	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	485	270	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	1,120	655	465	1.4	1.7	1.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	550	335	210	0.7	0.9	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	330	160	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	140	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	215	95	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dari	140	60	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,650	815	830	2.0	2.1	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	340	175	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	190	75	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,155	575	575	1.4	1.5	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	325	155	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	165	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	150	55	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	600	270	325	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	540	245	295	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	400	190	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	155	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	81,600	38,740	42,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	4,040	1,855	2,190	5.0	4.8	5.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,835	1,755	2,080	4.7	4.5	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,660	1,240	1,415	3.3	3.2	3.3
Métis	1,140	495	645	1.4	1.3	1.5
Inuk (Inuit)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	77,555	36,890	40,670	95.0	95.2	94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	81,600	38,740	42,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,455	685	770	1.8	1.8	1.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	80,150	38,055	42,095	98.2	98.2	98.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,375	...	...	59.4	...	...
Renter	14,610	...	...	40.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,140	...	...	5.9	...	...
Not condominium	33,835	...	...	94.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	240	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	4,970	...	...	13.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,290	...	...	25.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,195	...	...	33.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,275	...	...	25.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,550	...	...	26.5	...	...
5 rooms	5,280	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	5,170	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	4,980	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,000	...	...	30.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,695	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	280	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	34,625	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,355	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,975	...	...	36.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,950	...	...	27.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,250	...	...	11.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,275	...	...	9.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,410	...	...	3.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,685	...	...	4.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,325	...	...	3.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,110	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,775	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,210	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,955	...	...	52.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,230	...	...	42.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,795	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,500	...	...	4.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,115	...	...	14.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,245	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,140	...	...	14.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,600	...	...	18.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,525	...	...	18.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,050	...	...	11.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,800	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	35,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,660	...	...	74.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,235	...	...	25.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,535	...	...	23.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,530	...	...	32.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,115	...	...	22.6	...	...
Not suitable only	905	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,285	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	310	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	780	...	...	2.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,450	...	...	68.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,000	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not in core need	30,200	...	...	85.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,370	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.2	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8	...	...	13.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,334	...	...	1,334	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	553,500	...	...	553,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,605	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.4	...	...	16.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.3	...	...	43.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.1	...	...	28.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	81,595	38,745	42,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,510	675	830	1.9	1.7	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,455	660	795	1.8	1.7	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,210	555	655	1.5	1.4	1.5
Métis single ancestry	245	105	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,775	1,705	2,070	4.6	4.4	4.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,655	1,665	1,995	4.5	4.3	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,860	1,295	1,570	3.5	3.3	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	765	360	400	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	76,315	36,355	39,955	93.5	93.8	93.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	81,600	38,740	42,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	78,285	36,990	41,295	95.9	95.5	96.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,970	7,155	6,815	17.1	18.5	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	64,305	29,830	34,480	78.8	77.0	80.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,315	1,750	1,565	4.1	4.5	3.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	81,600	38,740	42,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	72,185	34,135	38,050	88.5	88.1	88.8
Immigrants⁸¹	7,880	3,745	4,135	9.7	9.7	9.6
Before 1980	2,980	1,390	1,590	3.7	3.6	3.7
1980 to 1990	875	425	455	1.1	1.1	1.1
1991 to 2000	955	410	545	1.2	1.1	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,275	590	685	1.6	1.5	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,795	930	865	2.2	2.4	2.0
2011 to 2015	625	305	320	0.8	0.8	0.7
2016 to 2021	1,165	625	540	1.4	1.6	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,535	860	675	1.9	2.2	1.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,875	3,745	4,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,010	520	495	12.8	13.9	12.0
5 to 14 years	1,550	735	815	19.7	19.6	19.7
15 to 24 years	1,605	770	830	20.4	20.6	20.1
25 to 44 years	3,170	1,445	1,720	40.3	38.6	41.6
45 years and over	545	275	275	6.9	7.3	6.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,875	3,745	4,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,250	625	625	15.9	16.7	15.1
Brazil	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Colombia	90	55	30	1.1	1.5	0.7
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	65	30	35	0.8	0.8	0.8
Haiti	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jamaica	105	50	50	1.3	1.3	1.2
Mexico	80	45	40	1.0	1.2	1.0
Peru	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	60	25	30	0.8	0.7	0.7
United States of America	575	260	310	7.3	6.9	7.5
Other places of birth in Americas	225	125	105	2.9	3.3	2.5
Europe	3,360	1,575	1,785	42.7	42.1	43.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	25	10	20	0.3	0.3	0.5
France	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	275	140	135	3.5	3.7	3.3
Greece	45	20	25	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hungary	40	10	25	0.5	0.3	0.6
Italy	120	65	55	1.5	1.7	1.3
Netherlands	245	120	125	3.1	3.2	3.0
Poland	290	100	185	3.7	2.7	4.5
Portugal	50	20	35	0.6	0.5	0.8
Romania	50	25	25	0.6	0.7	0.6
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,695	830	860	21.5	22.2	20.8
Other places of birth in Europe	455	200	250	5.8	5.3	6.0
Africa	420	205	215	5.3	5.5	5.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	65	35	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	70	25	40	0.9	0.7	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	70	40	35	0.9	1.1	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	210	105	100	2.7	2.8	2.4
Asia	2,780	1,300	1,480	35.3	34.7	35.8
Afghanistan	105	50	55	1.3	1.3	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	60	30	25	0.8	0.8	0.6
Iraq	50	20	30	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanon	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	285	145	140	3.6	3.9	3.4
Turkey	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
China⁹⁰	305	125	175	3.9	3.3	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	15	35	0.6	0.4	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	220	90	130	2.8	2.4	3.1
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Philippines	385	180	205	4.9	4.8	5.0
Viet Nam	195	85	110	2.5	2.3	2.7
Bangladesh	50	30	20	0.6	0.8	0.5
India	545	275	265	6.9	7.3	6.4
Pakistan	160	85	75	2.0	2.3	1.8
Sri Lanka	90	40	50	1.1	1.1	1.2
Other places of birth in Asia	220	100	125	2.8	2.7	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	40	30	0.8	1.1	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,165	625	545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	175	120	50	15.0	19.2	9.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	10	0	0.9	1.6	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	1.3	1.6	0.0
Mexico	40	25	15	3.4	4.0	2.8
United States of America	45	35	0	3.9	5.6	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	10	0.9	1.6	1.8
Other places of birth in Americas	50	35	15	4.3	5.6	2.8
Europe	80	40	35	6.9	6.4	6.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.9	1.6	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.8
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	10	3.0	4.0	1.8
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0
Africa	90	30	60	7.7	4.8	11.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.8
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	35	15	15	3.0	2.4	2.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.8
Asia	825	425	395	70.8	68.0	72.5
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.9	1.6	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	0	20	2.6	0.0	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	170	115	60	14.6	18.4	11.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	15	0	1.3	2.4	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.8
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10	1.3	1.6	1.8
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	25	20	10	2.1	3.2	1.8
Philippines	155	85	65	13.3	13.6	11.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	40	15	25	3.4	2.4	4.6
Syria⁸⁹	285	145	135	24.5	23.2	24.8
Turkey	15	10	10	1.3	1.6	1.8
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	0	25	2.1	0.0	4.6
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10	1.3	1.6	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	81,600	38,740	42,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,025	4,900	5,125	12.3	12.6	12.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,800	5,550	6,245	14.5	14.3	14.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	59,770	28,285	31,490	73.2	73.0	73.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,900	2,355	2,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,175	1,140	1,035	44.4	48.4	40.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	955	625	330	19.5	26.5	13.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,220	515	705	24.9	21.9	27.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,600	670	935	32.7	28.5	36.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,045	500	545	21.3	21.2	21.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	45	30	1.6	1.9	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,900	2,355	2,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	285	120	165	5.8	5.1	6.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	565	335	230	11.5	14.2	9.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	140	80	65	2.9	3.4	2.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	340	160	180	6.9	6.8	7.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	0	45	0.9	0.0	1.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,525	1,660	1,865	71.9	70.5	73.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	81,600	38,740	42,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,635	3,885	3,750	9.4	10.0	8.7
South Asian	2,570	1,425	1,145	3.1	3.7	2.7
Chinese	795	385	410	1.0	1.0	1.0
Black	1,115	565	550	1.4	1.5	1.3
Filipino	555	255	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Arab	480	245	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latin American	420	245	175	0.5	0.6	0.4
Southeast Asian	545	245	305	0.7	0.6	0.7
West Asian	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	325	145	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	255	100	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	73,960	34,860	39,110	90.6	90.0	91.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	81,600	38,740	42,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,360	6,455	6,900	16.4	16.7	16.1
English	25,955	12,190	13,775	31.8	31.5	32.1
Irish	24,390	11,075	13,315	29.9	28.6	31.1
Scottish	20,120	9,360	10,760	24.7	24.2	25.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,745	3,605	4,135	9.5	9.3	9.6
German	7,160	3,370	3,795	8.8	8.7	8.9
Chinese	900	420	480	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italian	3,315	1,630	1,690	4.1	4.2	3.9
Indian (India)	1,605	940	665	2.0	2.4	1.6
Ukrainian	1,560	755	805	1.9	1.9	1.9
Dutch	4,285	2,040	2,245	5.3	5.3	5.2
Polish	2,285	1,045	1,240	2.8	2.7	2.9
Québécois	155	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,350	2,100	2,250	5.3	5.4	5.2
Filipino	585	250	335	0.7	0.6	0.8
French Canadian	1,115	445	670	1.4	1.1	1.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,055	1,045	1,010	2.5	2.7	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,785	805	985	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis	1,180	525	655	1.4	1.4	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,560	730	830	1.9	1.9	1.9
Russian	455	165	285	0.6	0.4	0.7
Norwegian	580	225	360	0.7	0.6	0.8
Welsh	2,050	900	1,150	2.5	2.3	2.7
Portuguese	540	260	280	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	860	395	465	1.1	1.0	1.1
Spanish	490	215	280	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	505	195	310	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hungarian	630	325	305	0.8	0.8	0.7
Acadian	225	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	260	140	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	425	190	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Punjabi	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	255	105	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	300	145	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	390	170	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jamaican	375	165	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	170	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	305	140	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	315	140	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	200	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lebanese	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	290	145	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	400	185	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	735	305	435	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sikh	115	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austrian	365	150	220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belgian	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	230	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexican	190	100	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	270	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	435	200	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sri Lankan	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	150	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	175	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	265	165	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
Muslim	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	200	110	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Syrian	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Guyanese	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afghan	155	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	570	290	280	0.7	0.7	0.7
Newfoundlander	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	530	225	305	0.6	0.6	0.7
Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	115	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Australian	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	155	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	215	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	130	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slovenian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	260	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	40	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	120	60	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	95	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	35	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	81,600	38,740	42,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	370	155	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	41,530	18,405	23,125	50.9	47.5	54.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,205	2,260	2,945	6.4	5.8	6.9
Anabaptist	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,635	1,945	2,690	5.7	5.0	6.3
Baptist	1,045	430	610	1.3	1.1	1.4
Catholic	16,815	7,775	9,040	20.6	20.1	21.1
Christian Orthodox	335	140	195	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	150	50	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	205	65	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	355	155	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	395	200	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,115	510	605	1.4	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	1,395	590	805	1.7	1.5	1.9
Reformed	260	150	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
United Church	6,415	2,705	3,705	7.9	7.0	8.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,130	1,410	1,720	3.8	3.6	4.0
Hindu	1,115	655	455	1.4	1.7	1.1
Jewish	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	1,235	575	655	1.5	1.5	1.5
Sikh	335	195	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	130	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,005	375	625	1.2	1.0	1.5
No religion and secular perspectives	35,625	18,200	17,425	43.7	47.0	40.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	80,935	38,395	42,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,845	33,675	37,170	87.5	87.7	87.4
Movers	10,090	4,720	5,370	12.5	12.3	12.6
Non-migrants	6,120	2,910	3,205	7.6	7.6	7.5
Migrants	3,970	1,810	2,165	4.9	4.7	5.1
Internal migrants	3,710	1,685	2,025	4.6	4.4	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,500	1,575	1,925	4.3	4.1	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	77,990	36,915	41,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	46,600	21,995	24,605	59.8	59.6	59.9
Movers	31,395	14,920	16,470	40.3	40.4	40.1
Non-migrants	14,015	6,720	7,300	18.0	18.2	17.8
Migrants	17,375	8,205	9,175	22.3	22.2	22.3
Internal migrants	15,085	6,980	8,105	19.3	18.9	19.7
Intraprovincial migrants	14,105	6,505	7,595	18.1	17.6	18.5
Interprovincial migrants	980	475	505	1.3	1.3	1.2
External migrants	2,290	1,220	1,070	2.9	3.3	2.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,645	32,650	36,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,700	5,915	5,780	16.8	18.1	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,935	26,735	31,205	83.2	81.9	84.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,935	19,475	21,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,230	2,360	1,870	10.3	12.1	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	36,705	17,120	19,585	89.7	87.9	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,640	32,655	36,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,465	5,285	5,185	15.0	16.2	14.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,450	10,755	10,695	30.8	32.9	28.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	37,725	16,615	21,115	54.2	50.9	57.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,575	9,500	12,080	31.0	29.1	32.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,385	2,310	1,070	4.9	7.1	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,645	970	665	2.4	3.0	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,740	1,340	400	2.5	4.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,155	6,800	10,355	24.6	20.8	28.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,035	390	655	1.5	1.2	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,155	7,115	9,035	23.2	21.8	24.4
Bachelor's degree	11,010	4,690	6,315	15.8	14.4	17.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,110	485	625	1.6	1.5	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	195	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	3,085	1,420	1,670	4.4	4.3	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	570	320	245	0.8	1.0	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	40,930	19,475	21,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,695	2,105	1,595	9.0	10.8	7.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,095	6,235	4,865	27.1	32.0	22.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,135	11,135	15,000	63.9	57.2	69.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,470	6,310	8,165	35.4	32.4	38.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,880	1,280	600	4.6	6.6	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	960	605	355	2.3	3.1	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	920	675	245	2.2	3.5	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,995	4,775	7,220	29.3	24.5	33.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	600	255	340	1.5	1.3	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,660	4,825	6,835	28.5	24.8	31.9
Bachelor's degree	7,935	3,240	4,695	19.4	16.6	21.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	770	305	465	1.9	1.6	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	130	145	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	2,295	970	1,330	5.6	5.0	6.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	385	185	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,640	32,655	36,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,915	16,040	15,875	45.8	49.1	42.9
Education	2,695	670	2,025	3.9	2.1	5.5
13. Education	2,695	670	2,025	3.9	2.1	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,265	550	715	1.8	1.7	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	160	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,075	395	685	1.5	1.2	1.9
Humanities	2,385	1,015	1,370	3.4	3.1	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	140	25	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	695	205	485	1.0	0.6	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	375	160	210	0.5	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	330	200	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	495	275	220	0.7	0.8	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,945	1,595	3,350	7.1	4.9	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	160	50	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	315	155	160	0.5	0.5	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	60	885	1.4	0.2	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	690	220	475	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	205	85	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
42. Psychology	930	205	720	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,695	820	875	2.4	2.5	2.4
Business, management and public administration	6,775	2,805	3,975	9.7	8.6	10.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,125	240	885	1.6	0.7	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,640	2,560	3,085	8.1	7.8	8.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,630	730	900	2.3	2.2	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	880	340	540	1.3	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	295	120	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	340	245	95	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,370	870	495	2.0	2.7	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,000	680	325	1.4	2.1	0.9
25. Library science	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	135	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,740	5,270	475	8.2	16.1	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	125	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,130	945	185	1.6	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,785	1,625	165	2.6	5.0	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,205	1,175	35	1.7	3.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	865	850	15	1.2	2.6	0.0
48. Precision production	630	600	30	0.9	1.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	990	525	465	1.4	1.6	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	205	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	590	320	270	0.8	1.0	0.7
Health and related fields	7,170	1,255	5,915	10.3	3.8	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	575	295	275	0.8	0.9	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,425	870	5,550	9.2	2.7	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,715	1,310	1,405	3.9	4.0	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,300	325	975	1.9	1.0	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,055	650	400	1.5	2.0	1.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	335	320	20	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	40,930	19,480	21,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,795	8,340	6,460	36.1	42.8	30.1
Education	1,840	450	1,390	4.5	2.3	6.5
13. Education	1,840	450	1,390	4.5	2.3	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	870	350	520	2.1	1.8	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	80	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	770	275	500	1.9	1.4	2.3
Humanities	1,495	625	865	3.7	3.2	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	95	15	80	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	455	140	315	1.1	0.7	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	95	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	95	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	320	170	150	0.8	0.9	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,530	1,050	2,480	8.6	5.4	11.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130	40	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	265	120	145	0.6	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	680	40	640	1.7	0.2	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	505	145	370	1.2	0.7	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	70	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
42. Psychology	630	105	525	1.5	0.5	2.4
45. Social sciences	1,150	525	625	2.8	2.7	2.9
Business, management and public administration	4,840	1,915	2,925	11.8	9.8	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	885	160	720	2.2	0.8	3.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,955	1,755	2,200	9.7	9.0	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,130	470	660	2.8	2.4	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	645	250	395	1.6	1.3	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	75	140	0.5	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	215	135	75	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,000	685	315	2.4	3.5	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	790	560	230	1.9	2.9	1.1
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	85	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,610	3,230	380	8.8	16.6	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	100	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	775	605	165	1.9	3.1	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,140	1,020	125	2.8	5.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	720	710	10	1.8	3.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	510	500	10	1.2	2.6	0.0
48. Precision production	360	330	25	0.9	1.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	760	370	390	1.9	1.9	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300	140	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	460	235	230	1.1	1.2	1.1
Health and related fields	4,960	945	4,015	12.1	4.9	18.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	435	210	225	1.1	1.1	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,385	670	3,715	10.7	3.4	17.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,075	1,035	1,040	5.1	5.3	4.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	970	260	710	2.4	1.3	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	820	500	325	2.0	2.6	1.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	265	260	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	40,930	19,480	21,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,795	8,340	6,460	36.1	42.8	30.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	26,135	11,140	14,995	63.9	57.2	69.9
Location of study inside Canada	23,820	10,005	13,815	58.2	51.4	64.4
Same as province or territory of residence	22,655	9,495	13,150	55.4	48.7	61.3
Different than province or territory of residence	1,170	510	665	2.9	2.6	3.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,315	1,130	1,180	5.7	5.8	5.5
Americas	560	265	300	1.4	1.4	1.4
United States of America	415	190	220	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Colombia	20	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	550	315	240	1.3	1.6	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	60	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	285	160	130	0.7	0.8	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Africa	60	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,050	490	560	2.6	2.5	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	80	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	200	85	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
Viet Nam	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	500	270	230	1.2	1.4	1.1
Pakistan	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	90	30	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australia	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	69,640	32,655	36,985	...	...	...
In the labour force	39,845	19,770	20,075	...	...	...
Employed	34,000	17,015	16,985	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,845	2,755	3,090	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,795	12,880	16,910	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.2	60.5	54.3	57.2	60.5	54.3
Employment rate	48.8	52.1	45.9	48.8	52.1	45.9
Unemployment rate	14.7	13.9	15.4	14.7	13.9	15.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	69,640	32,655	36,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,440	13,415	17,025	43.7	41.1	46.0
Worked	39,200	19,240	19,955	56.3	58.9	54.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,055	10,105	8,945	27.4	30.9	24.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,145	9,135	11,010	28.9	28.0	29.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.1	40.0	40.6	41.1	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	39,850	19,775	20,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,345	685	655	3.4	3.5	3.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	38,505	19,090	19,415	96.6	96.5	96.7
Employee	33,855	16,350	17,505	85.0	82.7	87.2
Permanent position	28,330	13,670	14,655	71.1	69.1	73.0
Temporary position	5,525	2,675	2,855	13.9	13.5	14.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,545	660	880	3.9	3.3	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,985	2,015	1,970	10.0	10.2	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,645	2,740	1,910	11.7	13.9	9.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	39,850	19,775	20,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,345	685	655	3.4	3.5	3.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	38,505	19,090	19,415	96.6	96.5	96.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	325	220	105	0.8	1.1	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,135	1,565	3,565	12.9	7.9	17.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,440	1,835	605	6.1	9.3	3.0
3 Health occupations	4,125	755	3,365	10.4	3.8	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,600	1,900	3,695	14.1	9.6	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,160	530	630	2.9	2.7	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	11,795	5,365	6,430	29.6	27.1	32.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,665	5,180	485	14.2	26.2	2.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	560	440	125	1.4	2.2	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,705	1,290	420	4.3	6.5	2.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	39,850	19,775	20,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,345	685	655	3.4	3.5	3.3
All industries¹⁹¹	38,505	19,090	19,415	96.6	96.5	96.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	510	265	245	1.3	1.3	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	70	10	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	455	385	65	1.1	1.9	0.3
23 Construction	2,720	2,465	255	6.8	12.5	1.3
31-33 Manufacturing	2,635	2,010	620	6.6	10.2	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,035	730	305	2.6	3.7	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	5,340	2,610	2,730	13.4	13.2	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,365	1,010	355	3.4	5.1	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	600	385	210	1.5	1.9	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,015	405	615	2.5	2.0	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	645	340	305	1.6	1.7	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,140	1,190	950	5.4	6.0	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,295	1,310	985	5.8	6.6	4.9
61 Educational services	3,670	1,220	2,450	9.2	6.2	12.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,005	1,395	5,605	17.6	7.1	27.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	960	515	450	2.4	2.6	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,815	1,285	1,530	7.1	6.5	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,625	715	910	4.1	3.6	4.5
91 Public administration	1,555	775	780	3.9	3.9	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	42,345	20,825	21,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	41,385	20,475	20,915	97.7	98.3	97.2
French	100	20	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	485	160	320	1.1	0.8	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	275	120	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	42,345	20,825	21,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,245	20,790	21,455	99.8	99.8	99.7
Official languages	42,120	20,740	21,380	99.5	99.6	99.3
English	41,940	20,695	21,245	99.0	99.4	98.7
French	175	45	130	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	125	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	125	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	100	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	75	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	42,345	20,825	21,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,650	20,560	21,090	98.4	98.7	98.0
English	135	40	95	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	335	125	210	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-official language	175	65	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	155	55	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	34,005	17,015	16,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,070	3,070	3,995	20.8	18.0	23.5
Worked outside Canada	85	45	45	0.2	0.3	0.3
No fixed workplace address	4,060	2,955	1,105	11.9	17.4	6.5
Usual place of work	22,785	10,945	11,840	67.0	64.3	69.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,790	10,945	11,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,480	7,700	9,780	76.7	70.4	82.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,535	1,480	1,055	11.1	13.5	8.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,735	1,750	980	12.0	16.0	8.3
Commute to a different province or territory	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	26,845	13,900	12,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,805	11,930	10,880	85.0	85.8	84.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,605	10,880	9,725	76.8	78.3	75.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,200	1,050	1,155	8.2	7.6	8.9
Public transit	985	360	620	3.7	2.6	4.8
Walked	2,080	1,020	1,055	7.7	7.3	8.1
Bicycle	385	255	125	1.4	1.8	1.0
Other method	590	330	260	2.2	2.4	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	26,845	13,900	12,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,915	6,430	7,480	51.8	46.3	57.8
15 to 29 minutes	7,245	3,715	3,535	27.0	26.7	27.3
30 to 44 minutes	2,550	1,555	995	9.5	11.2	7.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,400	875	520	5.2	6.3	4.0
60 minutes and over	1,735	1,325	410	6.5	9.5	3.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	26,845	13,900	12,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,645	1,145	505	6.1	8.2	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,215	2,425	1,790	15.7	17.4	13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,705	3,570	3,135	25.0	25.7	24.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,990	2,610	3,385	22.3	18.8	26.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,580	1,620	1,965	13.3	11.7	15.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,710	2,535	2,175	17.5	18.2	16.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,555	7,445	7,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	920	445	475	6.3	6.0	6.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,635	7,000	6,635	93.7	94.0	93.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,665	5,435	5,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	680	325	355	6.4	6.0	6.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	370	175	190	3.5	3.2	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	145	165	2.9	2.7	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,985	5,115	4,875	93.6	94.1	93.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 14, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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