Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	QuebecMore information: [Province]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	8,501,833	...	...
Population, 2016¹	8,164,361	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	4,050,164	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	3,749,035	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	1,298,599.75	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870
0 to 14 years	1,391,360	713,290	678,070
0 to 4 years	422,980	217,145	205,840
5 to 9 years	478,955	245,295	233,665
10 to 14 years	489,425	250,855	238,570
15 to 64 years	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195
15 to 19 years	429,400	219,400	209,995
20 to 24 years	460,660	235,250	225,405
25 to 29 years	527,150	266,455	260,700
30 to 34 years	536,040	267,770	268,270
35 to 39 years	550,425	274,350	276,075
40 to 44 years	572,565	286,405	286,160
45 to 49 years	516,465	259,565	256,905
50 to 54 years	522,935	262,610	260,325
55 to 59 years	615,690	307,230	308,465
60 to 64 years	625,610	307,710	317,900
65 years and over	1,753,530	801,925	951,605
65 to 69 years	541,970	264,020	277,950
70 to 74 years	455,900	217,985	237,910
75 to 79 years	330,840	153,790	177,050
80 to 84 years	210,405	90,825	119,580
85 years and over	214,415	75,305	139,115
85 to 89 years	131,755	50,610	81,150
90 to 94 years	65,020	20,490	44,535
95 to 99 years	15,665	3,875	11,790
100 years and over	1,975	330	1,640
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.4	17.0	15.8
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.9	62.1
65 years and over	20.6	19.1	22.1
85 years and over	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	42.8	41.8	43.7
Median age of the population	43.2	42.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	3,749,035	...	...
Single-detached house	1,671,920	...	...
Semi-detached house	199,080	...	...
Row house	98,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	271,245	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,242,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	225,745	...	...
Other single-attached house	15,745	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	23,760	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	3,749,035	...	...
1 person	1,317,505	...	...
2 persons	1,295,730	...	...
3 persons	480,135	...	...
4 persons	427,605	...	...
5 or more persons	228,060	...	...
Number of persons in private households	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805
Married or living common-law	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145
Married	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775
Living common-law	1,657,050	829,680	827,375
Living common law - Never married	1,345,765	671,000	674,765
Living common law - Separated	17,505	9,090	8,410
Living common law - Divorced	261,885	135,520	126,370
Living common law - Widowed	31,900	14,070	17,830
Not married and not living common-law	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135
Not married and not living common law - Separated	106,275	48,095	58,175
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	494,210	197,455	296,755
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	380,100	89,515	290,580
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,323,410	...	...
2 persons	1,267,980	...	...
3 persons	454,980	...	...
4 persons	412,850	...	...
5 or more persons	187,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,323,410	...	...
Total couple families	1,939,635	...	...
Married couples	1,111,625	...	...
With children⁶	502,020	...	...
Without children	609,605	...	...
Common-law couples	828,005	...	...
With children⁶	401,885	...	...
Without children	426,120	...	...
Total one-parent families	383,775	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	284,025	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	99,755	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Total - Persons in census families	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835
Married spouses or common-law partners	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090
Parents in one-parent families	383,780	99,755	284,020
Children⁶	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720
In a two-parent family	1,708,235	897,930	810,305
In a one-parent family	585,820	317,400	268,415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,751,380	870,550	880,825
Living alone	1,317,505	638,170	679,335
Living with other relatives⁷	165,070	74,060	91,005
Living with non-relatives only	268,810	158,325	110,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	3,749,035	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,165,490	...	...
Couple-family households	1,834,095	...	...
With children⁶	851,835	...	...
Without children	982,260	...	...
One-parent-family households	331,395	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	50,790	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	9,225	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	66,750	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	139,280	...	...
One-person households	1,317,505	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	10,200	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	837,635	441,080	396,550
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,520	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,160	57,550	44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840	45,760	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,480	52,900	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	51,950	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,410	11,500	13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	837,180	441,665	395,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,040	6,380	7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,130	7,910	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	62,800	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,700	76,600	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,160	32,120	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.2	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.4	68.8	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.1	15.8	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.8	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	4.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without total income	179,955	87,650	92,310
With total income	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970
Under $10,000 (including loss)	462,400	204,245	258,155
$10,000 to $19,999	809,375	334,315	475,065
$20,000 to $29,999	1,124,265	499,780	624,485
$30,000 to $39,999	896,520	414,070	482,445
$40,000 to $49,999	849,005	411,680	437,325
$50,000 to $59,999	687,020	345,720	341,305
$60,000 to $69,999	503,110	271,695	231,415
$70,000 to $79,999	367,455	208,475	158,980
$80,000 to $89,999	284,690	158,760	125,930
$90,000 to $99,999	198,140	112,355	85,780
$100,000 and over	556,780	365,700	191,080
$100,000 to $149,999	385,890	245,635	140,260
$150,000 and over	170,890	120,065	50,820
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without after-tax income	177,960	86,610	91,355
With after-tax income	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	495,035	214,000	281,030
$10,000 to $19,999	853,250	356,480	496,765
$20,000 to $29,999	1,316,685	592,685	723,995
$30,000 to $39,999	1,127,905	544,940	582,965
$40,000 to $49,999	994,235	505,970	488,265
$50,000 to $59,999	691,015	372,870	318,145
$60,000 to $69,999	459,665	251,490	208,170
$70,000 to $79,999	292,135	160,985	131,150
$80,000 to $89,999	174,905	104,610	70,295
$90,000 to $99,999	106,165	67,055	39,105
$100,000 and over	229,765	156,750	73,020
$100,000 to $124,999	119,125	78,615	40,515
$125,000 and over	110,635	78,130	32,505
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without employment income	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610
With employment income	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665
Under $5,000 (including loss)	644,075	331,770	312,300
$5,000 to $9,999	401,185	180,585	220,595
$10,000 to $19,999	603,350	273,725	329,620
$20,000 to $29,999	495,105	228,670	266,435
$30,000 to $39,999	488,000	239,620	248,380
$40,000 to $49,999	485,845	242,230	243,610
$50,000 to $59,999	403,980	217,425	186,560
$60,000 to $69,999	320,700	184,770	135,935
$70,000 to $79,999	250,635	147,020	103,615
$80,000 to $89,999	218,100	120,085	98,020
$90,000 to $99,999	141,540	86,090	55,450
$100,000 and over	422,055	285,910	136,145
$100,000 to $124,999	205,085	133,500	71,585
$125,000 and over	216,965	152,410	64,555
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,800	5,640	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	727,165	390,255	336,910
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	4,760	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,600	55,500	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,920	53,800	37,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,240	52,450	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,450	8,430	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	727,815	390,880	336,935
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,020	5,975	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	60,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,400	72,900	56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,894,930	934,230	960,695
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,200	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,000	37,800	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	89.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	70.0	73.4	66.0
Government transfers (%)	14.9	10.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	3,749,035	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,317,505	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,431,530	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	3,749,035	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,317,070	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,431,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	35,920	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	23,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	52,080	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	82,470	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	218,185	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	144,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	143,285	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	172,005	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	174,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	166,990	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	310,880	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	280,505	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	255,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	235,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	208,320	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,244,285	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	414,805	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	282,590	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	307,835	...	...
$200,000 and over	239,060	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	40,590	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	24,960	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	53,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	87,695	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	234,875	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	177,135	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	180,150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	213,760	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	210,280	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	193,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	356,325	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	322,530	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	289,580	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	254,885	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	216,370	...	...
$100,000 and over	892,775	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	387,835	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	225,830	...	...
$150,000 and over	279,105	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,331,170	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	991,710	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	907,765	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	368,845	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,586,315	796,490	789,825
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,330,645	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	992,110	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	909,160	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	367,155	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,585,705	796,290	789,415
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,480	48,000	42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,040	39,400	36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
0 to 17 years	1,648,330	844,730	803,600
0 to 5 years	515,725	264,785	250,935
18 to 64 years	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885
65 years and over	1,599,990	752,815	847,180
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	992,235	463,295	528,940
0 to 17 years	159,530	82,000	77,530
0 to 5 years	53,105	27,240	25,870
18 to 64 years	515,470	256,435	259,035
65 years and over	317,235	124,865	192,370
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.9	11.2	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	9.7	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.3	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.2	10.1	10.2
65 years and over (%)	19.8	16.6	22.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350
0 to 17 years	1,634,715	837,715	797,005
0 to 5 years	511,400	262,535	248,860
18 to 64 years	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035
65 years and over	1,596,400	751,095	845,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	439,850	223,055	216,795
0 to 17 years	61,665	31,610	30,060
0 to 5 years	19,815	10,190	9,630
18 to 64 years	313,970	167,015	146,955
65 years and over	64,210	24,430	39,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	3.9	3.9	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	4.0	3.3	4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
In bottom half of the distribution	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895
In bottom decile	851,840	407,705	444,140
In second decile	920,490	434,730	485,760
In third decile	969,255	471,650	497,600
In fourth decile	978,345	482,760	495,590
In fifth decile	947,090	473,285	473,810
In top half of the distribution	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765
In sixth decile	899,660	454,970	444,690
In seventh decile	837,225	425,400	411,830
In eighth decile	752,410	383,450	368,955
In ninth decile	634,425	325,700	308,730
In top decile	517,725	267,160	250,565
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	8,308,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English only	445,575	228,840	216,735
French only	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605
English and French	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750
Neither English nor French	82,075	35,200	46,875
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	1,088,820	548,595	540,225
French	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860
English and French	329,515	169,050	160,465
Neither English nor French	79,000	33,590	45,410
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865
Official languages	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755
English	639,365	323,170	316,195
French	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565
Non-official languages	1,167,550	570,440	597,110
Indigenous languages³⁹	41,820	20,480	21,345
Algonquian languages	28,925	14,200	14,730
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	27,870	13,715	14,160
Atikamekw	5,490	2,825	2,665
Cree languages	14,905	7,410	7,495
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	565	290	275
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	3,235	1,565	1,670
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	70	40	35
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	90	50	40
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	10,870	5,435	5,435
Innu (Montagnais)	6,870	3,180	3,695
Naskapi	610	300	310
Eastern Algonquian languages	190	75	115
Mi'kmaq	190	75	110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	860	410	450
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	820	385	435
Oji-Cree	10	5	5
Ojibway languages	30	15	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	10	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	5	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	12,775	6,220	6,550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	12,770	6,220	6,550
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	65	30	40
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	30	35
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	5	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous languages	1,125,730	549,960	575,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	233,220	122,895	110,320
Berber languages	25,990	13,860	12,130
Kabyle	23,735	12,570	11,165
Tamazight	1,975	1,130	840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	285	160	125
Chadic languages	980	510	470
Hausa	425	235	190
Mina	555	280	280
Coptic	320	170	150
Cushitic languages	1,330	620	705
Bilen	20	10	10
Oromo	5	5	5
Somali	1,275	595	680
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15
Semitic languages	204,600	107,735	96,865
Amharic	735	345	385
Arabic	198,785	104,765	94,020
Aramaic languages	525	250	270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	170	85	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	45	20	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	300	150	155
Harari	10	5	5
Hebrew	3,680	1,930	1,750
Maltese	20	5	20
Tigrigna	810	415	395
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	37,425	17,185	20,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	8,730	3,975	4,755
Vietnamese	28,630	13,180	15,450
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	60	30	30
Austronesian languages	25,580	10,200	15,375
Bikol	140	55	80
Bisaya, n.o.s.	465	175	290
Cebuano	1,050	370	685
Fijian	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	590	205	385
Ilocano	2,125	855	1,275
Indonesian	730	255	475
Kankanaey	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	25	10	20
Malagasy languages	1,810	870	940
Merina	1,180	545	630
Malagasy, n.o.s.	630	325	310
Malay	75	30	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	225	95	130
Pangasinan	120	55	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	17,710	7,005	10,705
Waray-Waray	65	20	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	410	185	230
Creole languages	62,640	28,375	34,265
Haitian Creole	46,475	20,690	25,785
Jamaican English Creole	20	5	10
Krio	10	5	5
Morisyen	3,115	1,555	1,555
Sango	490	240	250
Creole, n.o.s.	11,980	5,620	6,360
Creole languages, n.i.e.	555	255	300
Dravidian languages	18,350	9,425	8,925
Kannada	375	215	160
Malayalam	1,800	945	850
Tamil	14,235	7,030	7,205
Telugu	1,895	1,215	680
Tulu	25	10	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Georgian	150	70	80
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	5
Indo-European languages	595,790	290,670	305,115
Albanian	3,310	1,660	1,650
Armenian	16,890	8,225	8,670
Balto-Slavic languages	68,295	30,855	37,435
Baltic languages	725	285	440
Latvian	235	100	135
Lithuanian	490	185	300
Slavic languages	67,565	30,570	36,995
Belarusian	75	35	40
Bulgarian	6,735	3,240	3,495
Czech	1,345	625	725
Macedonian	220	110	115
Polish	12,495	5,380	7,120
Russian	31,700	14,115	17,590
Rusyn	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	8,415	4,180	4,235
Bosnian	2,065	1,040	1,030
Croatian	2,380	1,155	1,225
Serbian	3,720	1,865	1,855
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	250	120	125
Slovak	855	380	475
Slovene (Slovenian)	600	265	335
Ukrainian	5,065	2,220	2,845
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30
Celtic languages	130	80	55
Irish	25	20	5
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	5
Welsh	40	25	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	55	30	20
Germanic languages	25,580	12,440	13,140
Frisian	15	10	10
High German languages	21,145	10,240	10,910
German	11,055	5,090	5,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	1,110	565	540
Yiddish	8,980	4,585	4,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,175	1,580	1,590
Afrikaans	170	90	80
Dutch	2,590	1,305	1,285
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	400	185	220
Scandinavian languages	1,140	560	575
Danish	360	175	185
Icelandic	60	30	30
Norwegian	190	100	85
Swedish	530	260	275
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55
Greek	34,080	16,735	17,345
Indo-Iranian languages	101,450	52,780	48,665
Indo-Aryan languages	63,025	33,465	29,555
Assamese	30	20	15
Bengali	12,140	6,220	5,920
Gujarati	7,070	3,655	3,415
Hindi	5,445	3,080	2,360
Kacchi	170	80	90
Kashmiri	40	25	15
Konkani	80	40	35
Marathi	520	285	235
Nepali	1,105	560	545
Oriya languages	65	35	30
Odia	40	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	25	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	23,825	12,975	10,855
Rohingya	115	45	70
Sindhi	100	60	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	725	375	350
Urdu	11,320	5,860	5,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	265	150	115
Iranian languages	38,400	19,305	19,090
Baluchi	10	5	5
Kurdish	1,120	630	485
Parsi	35	25	15
Pashto	1,490	810	680
Persian languages	35,615	17,770	17,850
Dari	10,665	5,370	5,295
Iranian Persian	22,130	10,990	11,140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	2,820	1,410	1,410
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	125	65	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	346,000	167,870	178,130
Catalan	330	165	160
Italian	90,940	44,080	46,865
Portuguese	41,545	19,890	21,650
Romanian	35,810	17,115	18,695
Spanish	177,155	86,490	90,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	225	125	105
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30
Japanese	2,760	795	1,965
Korean	6,670	2,860	3,815
Mongolian	225	90	135
Niger-Congo languages	33,495	16,630	16,865
Akan (Twi)	985	490	490
Bamanankan	1,490	795	700
Edo	90	40	50
Éwé	995	535	465
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,665	1,380	1,285
Ga	70	40	30
Ganda	50	20	30
Gikuyu	10	5	10
Igbo	145	85	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	3,420	1,530	1,895
Lingala	2,975	1,340	1,635
Luba-Kasai	285	145	145
Mòoré	405	205	205
Mwani	40	20	15
Ndebele	60	20	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	4,585	2,165	2,415
Shona	125	60	60
Soninke	270	175	95
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	10	10
Swahili	3,975	1,935	2,035
Wojenaka	910	435	475
Wolof	3,940	2,100	1,840
Yoruba	875	470	410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5,105	2,630	2,475
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,010	535	480
Dinka	10	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	845	450	400
African, n.o.s.	155	80	75
Sign languages	1,280	680	600
American Sign Language	120	60	55
Quebec Sign Language	930	485	445
Sign languages, n.i.e.	225	130	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	87,540	40,170	47,375
Chinese languages	87,155	39,990	47,160
Hakka	470	200	270
Mandarin	57,445	26,210	31,235
Min Dong	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,670	1,180	1,485
Wu (Shanghainese)	790	365	430
Yue (Cantonese)	24,235	11,275	12,965
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,425	710	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	80	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	310	140	175
Burmese	80	25	55
Kuki-Chin languages	10	0	5
Karenic languages	20	10	10
S'gaw Karen	15	10	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	130	65	65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	75	40	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35
Tai-Kadai languages	4,855	2,040	2,820
Lao	3,815	1,805	2,010
Thai	1,015	220	795
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15
Turkic languages	9,230	4,775	4,455
Azerbaijani	410	250	160
Kazakh	50	25	20
Turkish	8,220	4,240	3,975
Uyghur	235	110	125
Uzbek	170	80	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	140	60	80
Uralic languages	5,335	2,465	2,865
Estonian	160	60	95
Finnish	305	120	190
Hungarian	4,865	2,290	2,575
Other languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75
Multiple responses	308,550	155,455	153,095
English and French	126,405	64,585	61,820
English and non-official language(s)	49,485	24,660	24,825
French and non-official language(s)	94,205	46,880	47,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	28,685	14,700	13,985
Multiple non-official languages	9,765	4,625	5,140
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	623,305	313,780	309,520
French	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555
Non-official language	366,730	177,410	189,315
Indigenous³⁹	23,080	11,585	11,495
Non-Indigenous	343,650	165,830	177,825
English and French	497,380	256,735	240,645
English and non-official language(s)	205,755	102,290	103,470
French and non-official language(s)	375,795	179,585	196,210
English, French and non-official language(s)	284,940	141,275	143,665
Multiple non-official languages	20,125	9,545	10,585
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785
Official languages	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030
English	874,185	438,570	435,615
French	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420
Non-official languages	662,615	322,860	339,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	34,245	17,040	17,200
Algonquian languages	22,430	11,165	11,265
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	22,115	11,025	11,090
Atikamekw	4,330	2,275	2,055
Cree languages	11,895	5,960	5,935
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	560	295	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	2,495	1,205	1,290
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	35	20	20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	65	40	25
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	45	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	8,680	4,370	4,310
Innu (Montagnais)	5,400	2,540	2,860
Naskapi	490	255	240
Eastern Algonquian languages	80	30	50
Mi'kmaq	75	30	45
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	230	110	120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	215	100	120
Oji-Cree	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	11,755	5,840	5,910
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	11,750	5,840	5,910
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous languages	628,365	305,820	322,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	116,685	59,645	57,040
Berber languages	10,635	5,585	5,045
Kabyle	9,765	5,115	4,655
Tamazight	670	365	305
Berber languages, n.i.e.	195	110	90
Chadic languages	335	165	170
Hausa	180	85	90
Mina	155	75	80
Coptic	225	115	115
Cushitic languages	605	280	325
Bilen	10	5	10
Oromo	5	0	0
Somali	580	265	315
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Semitic languages	104,890	53,505	51,380
Amharic	330	155	175
Arabic	102,120	52,125	49,990
Aramaic languages	380	185	190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	130	60	75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	50	25	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	200	105	100
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,515	760	755
Maltese	5	0	5
Tigrigna	490	250	240
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	24,500	11,410	13,090
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,875	2,200	2,670
Vietnamese	19,595	9,185	10,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	13,845	6,335	7,515
Bikol	45	15	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	225	100	125
Cebuano	560	240	320
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	320	135	185
Ilocano	1,175	510	665
Indonesian	255	115	135
Kankanaey	10	5	5
Kinaray-a	20	10	10
Malagasy languages	610	325	285
Merina	305	165	145
Malagasy, n.o.s.	300	160	145
Malay	20	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	125	60	65
Pangasinan	35	15	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,260	4,690	5,570
Waray-Waray	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	185	90	90
Creole languages	26,985	11,815	15,170
Haitian Creole	19,535	8,310	11,230
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	1,590	765	825
Sango	230	110	125
Creole, n.o.s.	5,390	2,520	2,865
Creole languages, n.i.e.	220	110	120
Dravidian languages	13,800	6,935	6,865
Kannada	190	105	90
Malayalam	1,225	645	580
Tamil	11,215	5,465	5,755
Telugu	1,140	700	435
Tulu	15	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5
Georgian	60	25	35
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	336,635	164,100	172,535
Albanian	1,910	945	970
Armenian	12,325	5,870	6,455
Balto-Slavic languages	39,725	18,855	20,870
Baltic languages	150	60	90
Latvian	60	30	30
Lithuanian	95	35	60
Slavic languages	39,575	18,795	20,775
Belarusian	30	15	15
Bulgarian	4,535	2,230	2,305
Czech	375	180	200
Macedonian	125	65	60
Polish	4,795	2,110	2,685
Russian	22,770	10,815	11,960
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,205	2,085	2,125
Bosnian	1,075	530	545
Croatian	945	445	505
Serbian	2,090	1,060	1,030
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	100	50	45
Slovak	200	85	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	150	70	85
Ukrainian	2,375	1,135	1,240
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Celtic languages	45	35	10
Irish	10	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	0
Welsh	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Germanic languages	10,320	5,250	5,075
Frisian	110	30	75
High German languages	9,600	4,930	4,675
German	1,685	805	880
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	235	125	115
Yiddish	7,680	4,000	3,675
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	420	200	215
Afrikaans	65	30	35
Dutch	300	145	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	20
Scandinavian languages	175	85	95
Danish	35	15	20
Icelandic	25	10	15
Norwegian	15	10	10
Swedish	100	50	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10
Greek	15,235	7,015	8,220
Indo-Iranian languages	74,455	38,045	36,410
Indo-Aryan languages	46,420	24,225	22,195
Assamese	5	5	0
Bengali	8,760	4,360	4,405
Gujarati	4,630	2,360	2,270
Hindi	3,525	1,915	1,615
Kacchi	95	45	55
Kashmiri	10	5	5
Konkani	20	10	5
Marathi	255	135	120
Nepali	880	445	430
Oriya languages	10	5	5
Odia	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	19,290	10,435	8,855
Rohingya	80	30	45
Sindhi	35	15	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	425	225	205
Urdu	8,250	4,160	4,090
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	150	80	70
Iranian languages	28,020	13,810	14,210
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	625	325	300
Parsi	15	10	5
Pashto	1,110	590	520
Persian languages	26,205	12,850	13,355
Dari	7,595	3,780	3,815
Iranian Persian	16,660	8,135	8,530
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,950	940	1,005
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	65	35	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5
Italic (Romance) languages	182,585	88,060	94,525
Catalan	135	70	65
Italian	26,290	11,205	15,085
Portuguese	20,885	9,965	10,920
Romanian	22,255	10,895	11,355
Spanish	112,915	55,870	57,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	105	55	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20
Japanese	1,155	455	700
Korean	4,760	2,135	2,630
Mongolian	145	70	80
Niger-Congo languages	10,160	4,895	5,265
Akan (Twi)	485	235	245
Bamanankan	385	195	195
Edo	25	10	10
Éwé	225	115	110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	850	445	410
Ga	30	15	15
Ganda	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	965	415	545
Lingala	930	410	525
Luba-Kasai	20	5	20
Mòoré	35	15	15
Mwani	10	5	5
Ndebele	10	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,655	775	875
Shona	45	20	25
Soninke	105	75	35
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5
Swahili	1,665	810	855
Wojenaka	245	100	145
Wolof	1,470	795	675
Yoruba	240	115	130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	720	320	400
Nilo-Saharan languages	395	195	200
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	365	180	185
African, n.o.s.	25	15	10
Sign languages	2,235	1,285	945
American Sign Language	300	165	135
Quebec Sign Language	1,385	775	615
Sign languages, n.i.e.	550	345	205
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,120	31,725	35,390
Chinese languages	66,880	31,610	35,275
Hakka	150	65	80
Mandarin	46,925	22,275	24,650
Min Dong	15	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,510	680	835
Wu (Shanghainese)	535	260	275
Yue (Cantonese)	16,860	7,870	8,985
Chinese, n.o.s.	870	445	430
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	190	90	100
Burmese	40	15	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0	5	0
Karenic languages	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	75	40	40
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20
Tai-Kadai languages	2,325	1,095	1,230
Lao	2,060	995	1,065
Thai	255	95	160
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Turkic languages	6,005	3,005	3,000
Azerbaijani	175	95	75
Kazakh	10	5	5
Turkish	5,540	2,780	2,765
Uyghur	145	65	85
Uzbek	95	45	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15
Uralic languages	1,505	670	830
Estonian	15	10	5
Finnish	45	20	25
Hungarian	1,445	645	805
Other languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25
Multiple responses	357,245	176,070	181,175
English and French	137,120	69,025	68,095
English and non-official language(s)	60,495	29,540	30,950
French and non-official language(s)	116,595	56,445	60,150
English, French and non-official language(s)	39,875	19,575	20,300
Multiple non-official languages	3,160	1,485	1,675
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
None	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155
English	353,690	183,470	170,225
French	259,425	127,380	132,040
Non-official language	269,715	129,830	139,890
Indigenous³⁹	5,315	2,495	2,820
Non-Indigenous	264,405	127,330	137,070
English and French	61,955	31,425	30,525
English and non-official language(s)	76,755	38,765	37,990
French and non-official language(s)	55,860	26,915	28,945
English, French and non-official language(s)	7,295	3,700	3,595
Multiple non-official languages	19,290	9,695	9,595
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Official languages	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230
English	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465
French	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750
Non-official languages	1,853,710	899,285	954,430
Indigenous languages³⁹	50,165	24,530	25,640
Algonquian languages	35,985	17,600	18,380
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	33,860	16,570	17,290
Atikamekw	6,770	3,435	3,330
Cree languages	17,930	8,910	9,020
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	50	20	40
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	855	425	430
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	4,230	2,040	2,195
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	75	35	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	265	120	145
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	90	45	45
Cree, n.o.s.	12,650	6,365	6,285
Innu (Montagnais)	8,710	3,990	4,720
Naskapi	1,000	495	505
Eastern Algonquian languages	370	210	160
Mi'kmaq	370	205	160
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,945	900	1,045
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	1,750	800	955
Oji-Cree	25	15	10
Ojibway languages	210	110	100
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	155	75	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	10	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	60	30	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	20
Athabaskan languages	95	50	45
Northern Athabaskan languages	90	50	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	10	10	0
Slavey-Hare languages	65	40	25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	20	20	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	35	15	15
Tahltan languages	10	0	10
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	10	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	13,900	6,750	7,150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	15	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	15	0	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	13,880	6,740	7,140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	240	125	110
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	215	110	100
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	35	15	15
Salish languages	30	30	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	20	20	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	65	45	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	95	50	45
Non-Indigenous languages	1,804,195	875,095	929,095
Afro-Asiatic languages	385,210	201,105	184,100
Berber languages	39,965	21,145	18,820
Kabyle	35,660	18,725	16,930
Tamazight	3,840	2,160	1,680
Berber languages, n.i.e.	1,000	545	455
Chadic languages	2,900	1,550	1,350
Hausa	1,250	725	525
Mina	1,650	825	825
Coptic	1,150	580	575
Cushitic languages	2,145	990	1,160
Bilen	25	15	10
Oromo	55	20	35
Somali	2,025	925	1,100
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	100	45	50
Semitic languages	363,875	190,005	173,870
Amharic	1,225	605	620
Arabic	343,675	179,750	163,930
Aramaic languages	935	460	480
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	205	110	100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	80	45	35
Aramaic, n.o.s.	660	310	345
Harari	15	10	0
Hebrew	19,210	9,935	9,275
Maltese	40	20	25
Tigrigna	1,010	490	520
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	165	90	70
Austro-Asiatic languages	49,720	23,320	26,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	12,785	5,930	6,855
Vietnamese	37,655	17,735	19,920
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	105	60	45
Austronesian languages	40,880	16,660	24,225
Bikol	340	150	190
Bisaya, n.o.s.	655	285	370
Cebuano	1,940	625	1,315
Fijian	10	10	0
Hiligaynon	1,215	470	745
Ilocano	3,845	1,565	2,280
Indonesian	1,510	625	885
Kankanaey	85	45	45
Kinaray-a	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	3,265	1,670	1,595
Merina	2,215	1,140	1,075
Malagasy, n.o.s.	1,085	570	515
Malay	595	275	320
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	195	265
Pangasinan	200	90	105
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	33,810	13,330	20,480
Waray-Waray	215	100	115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,645	655	990
Creole languages	135,275	62,040	73,235
Haitian Creole	118,010	53,530	64,480
Jamaican English Creole	340	165	175
Krio	75	25	50
Morisyen	6,810	3,480	3,330
Sango	1,070	570	500
Creole, n.o.s.	17,995	8,440	9,560
Creole languages, n.i.e.	3,010	1,380	1,630
Dravidian languages	25,390	13,070	12,320
Kannada	925	530	395
Malayalam	2,530	1,325	1,200
Tamil	20,050	9,955	10,100
Telugu	3,260	2,055	1,205
Tulu	80	30	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40
Georgian	245	110	135
Hmong-Mien languages	10	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,014,365	490,155	524,215
Albanian	4,545	2,315	2,230
Armenian	22,100	10,785	11,310
Balto-Slavic languages	95,385	45,060	50,330
Baltic languages	1,105	465	635
Latvian	440	180	260
Lithuanian	660	290	375
Slavic languages	94,580	44,695	49,885
Belarusian	410	185	230
Bulgarian	8,110	3,950	4,165
Czech	2,165	1,040	1,120
Macedonian	455	205	250
Polish	16,790	7,555	9,235
Russian	55,485	26,345	29,135
Rusyn	15	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	11,145	5,505	5,635
Bosnian	3,060	1,520	1,540
Croatian	4,710	2,300	2,405
Serbian	5,285	2,560	2,725
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	315	175	140
Slovak	1,380	630	750
Slovene (Slovenian)	810	340	465
Ukrainian	10,185	4,575	5,605
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	110	60	55
Celtic languages	665	375	295
Irish	300	180	120
Scottish Gaelic	135	85	45
Welsh	85	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	165	90	80
Germanic languages	65,625	33,305	32,320
Frisian	65	20	45
High German languages	57,640	29,540	28,105
German	44,170	22,715	21,450
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	1,615	785	830
Yiddish	12,825	6,540	6,290
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	6,410	3,140	3,265
Afrikaans	580	295	285
Dutch	5,170	2,565	2,600
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	40	0	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	735	340	400
Scandinavian languages	3,335	1,630	1,705
Danish	860	395	460
Icelandic	90	35	55
Norwegian	735	375	360
Swedish	1,905	980	920
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	215	115	100
Greek	50,375	24,835	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	136,020	71,180	64,840
Indo-Aryan languages	90,745	48,355	42,395
Assamese	75	40	30
Bengali	16,170	8,320	7,850
Gujarati	10,640	5,590	5,050
Hindi	35,765	19,145	16,620
Kacchi	375	155	220
Kashmiri	115	65	50
Konkani	235	130	105
Marathi	1,160	620	545
Nepali	1,375	740	635
Oriya languages	105	50	60
Odia	45	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	60	25	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	34,290	18,580	15,710
Rohingya	250	110	145
Sindhi	230	115	115
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,610	860	755
Urdu	21,180	11,325	9,850
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	770	445	320
Iranian languages	48,105	24,410	23,695
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,805	1,045	755
Parsi	135	80	55
Pashto	2,210	1,235	975
Persian languages	44,745	22,585	22,160
Dari	13,235	6,845	6,390
Iranian Persian	27,430	13,785	13,645
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	4,595	2,255	2,340
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	290	180	115
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	170	100	65
Italic (Romance) languages	684,830	324,095	360,735
Catalan	1,250	725	530
Italian	168,040	82,400	85,645
Portuguese	65,605	33,005	32,600
Romanian	44,510	21,425	23,090
Spanish	453,905	210,400	243,505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	1,105	670	435
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	285	150	135
Japanese	9,305	4,485	4,820
Korean	9,265	3,920	5,350
Mongolian	320	125	195
Niger-Congo languages	75,835	37,990	37,845
Akan (Twi)	2,385	1,270	1,115
Bamanankan	3,525	1,810	1,720
Edo	365	190	175
Éwé	2,365	1,285	1,080
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5,820	2,995	2,825
Ga	375	225	150
Ganda	280	135	150
Gikuyu	80	25	55
Igbo	745	435	315
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5,740	2,675	3,065
Lingala	14,985	7,255	7,730
Luba-Kasai	1,205	600	605
Mòoré	1,615	810	805
Mwani	80	45	35
Ndebele	180	85	95
Rundi (Kirundi)	7,310	3,490	3,825
Shona	345	190	155
Soninke	570	375	195
Sotho-Tswana languages	85	40	45
Swahili	12,270	6,225	6,040
Wojenaka	2,195	1,100	1,095
Wolof	9,930	5,325	4,595
Yoruba	3,100	1,610	1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	17,915	9,215	8,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,865	905	960
Dinka	10	0	0
Nuer	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	1,845	895	950
African, n.o.s.	995	555	440
Sign languages	8,070	3,485	4,580
American Sign Language	1,310	575	735
Quebec Sign Language	5,740	2,340	3,400
Sign languages, n.i.e.	1,555	830	725
Sino-Tibetan languages	107,415	49,840	57,575
Chinese languages	106,915	49,630	57,285
Hakka	810	370	445
Mandarin	80,520	37,100	43,420
Min Dong	70	35	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	4,310	1,855	2,455
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,255	565	685
Yue (Cantonese)	34,030	15,430	18,600
Chinese, n.o.s.	1,500	785	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	245	125	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	465	190	275
Burmese	135	30	110
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	35	10	25
S'gaw Karen	20	0	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Tibetan	190	100	95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	130	60	70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	100	60	45
Tai-Kadai languages	7,330	3,170	4,160
Lao	5,485	2,595	2,885
Thai	2,720	920	1,800
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25
Turkic languages	17,795	8,940	8,850
Azerbaijani	995	570	425
Kazakh	125	60	65
Turkish	16,195	8,135	8,065
Uyghur	350	155	200
Uzbek	320	155	170
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	350	165	185
Uralic languages	7,595	3,485	4,115
Estonian	230	90	140
Finnish	525	250	270
Hungarian	6,850	3,145	3,705
Other languages, n.i.e.	835	430	405
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	205,010	101,150	103,865
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	193,365	95,320	98,045
First Nations (North American Indian)	116,550	56,080	60,475
Métis	61,010	31,620	29,390
Inuk (Inuit)	15,800	7,620	8,175
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	3,135	1,575	1,560
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	8,515	4,245	4,265
Non-Indigenous identity	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	76,775	37,825	38,945
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	3,749,035	...	...
Owner	2,245,605	...	...
Renter	1,497,010	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	6,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	3,749,035	...	...
Condominium	515,590	...	...
Not condominium	3,233,445	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	3,749,035	...	...
No bedrooms	32,020	...	...
1 bedroom	623,295	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,173,600	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,189,790	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	730,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	3,749,035	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,378,765	...	...
5 rooms	645,635	...	...
6 rooms	435,225	...	...
7 rooms	403,225	...	...
8 or more rooms	886,180	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	3,749,035	...	...
One person or fewer per room	3,700,720	...	...
More than one person per room	48,315	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	3,749,035	...	...
Suitable	3,606,260	...	...
Not suitable	142,775	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	3,749,035	...	...
1960 or before	879,375	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,114,690	...	...
1981 to 1990	509,120	...	...
1991 to 2000	385,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	198,595	...	...
2006 to 2010	231,930	...	...
2011 to 2015	212,290	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	217,715	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	3,749,035	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,512,925	...	...
Major repairs needed	236,110	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	3,749,035	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,097,670	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,561,495	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	89,875	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	3,749,035	...	...
15 to 24 years	117,525	...	...
25 to 34 years	525,540	...	...
35 to 44 years	647,165	...	...
45 to 54 years	628,630	...	...
55 to 64 years	760,395	...	...
65 to 74 years	629,965	...	...
75 to 84 years	336,170	...	...
85 years and over	103,640	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	3,706,605	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,110,920	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	595,690	...	...
30% to less than 100%	542,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	3,749,035	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	901,440	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	537,090	...	...
Not suitable only	112,775	...	...
Major repairs needed only	179,840	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15,470	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	41,740	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	13,135	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,395	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,847,590	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	3,652,985	...	...
In core need	218,275	...	...
Not in core need	3,434,710	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,227,470	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,195	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,493,510	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	886	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,425	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	449	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	177,300	86,310	90,990
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	174,610	85,025	89,585
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	140,690	68,395	72,300
Métis single ancestry	20,510	10,205	10,310
Inuit single ancestry	13,410	6,425	6,980
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	2,685	1,280	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	1,830	865	965
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	760	365	400
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	55	40	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	45	20	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	203,425	96,595	106,830
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	200,985	95,520	105,460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	177,925	84,210	93,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,935	9,910	10,020
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,120	1,405	1,720
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	2,435	1,070	1,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,800	775	1,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	535	240	295
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	25	30
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,570,720	805,100	765,625
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	518,265	264,490	253,775
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705
Immigrants⁸¹	1,210,600	588,960	621,640
Before 1980	187,200	91,895	95,300
1980 to 1990	124,610	61,850	62,755
1991 to 2000	190,495	91,635	98,860
2001 to 2010	312,210	150,825	161,390
2011 to 2021⁸²	396,090	192,745	203,340
2011 to 2015	193,345	93,485	99,855
2016 to 2021	202,740	99,260	103,480
Non-permanent residents⁸³	205,770	113,500	92,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Under 5 years	112,295	56,755	55,540
5 to 14 years	201,385	101,555	99,835
15 to 24 years	213,035	96,175	116,860
25 to 44 years	594,845	292,975	301,875
45 years and over	89,045	41,505	47,540
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Americas	264,885	121,740	143,145
Brazil	9,705	4,520	5,180
Colombia	29,670	13,540	16,125
El Salvador	11,515	5,780	5,730
Guyana	2,350	1,090	1,260
Haiti	86,105	38,285	47,820
Jamaica	4,485	1,900	2,590
Mexico	17,390	7,935	9,455
Peru	13,885	6,295	7,595
Trinidad and Tobago	3,820	1,660	2,160
United States of America	24,945	12,195	12,745
Other places of birth in Americas	61,020	28,545	32,480
Europe	309,015	154,110	154,910
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,015	1,995	2,025
Croatia	2,015	1,050	960
France	93,160	49,870	43,290
Germany	8,385	4,095	4,295
Greece	16,130	7,790	8,340
Hungary	2,930	1,455	1,475
Italy	43,975	21,940	22,040
Netherlands	1,655	870	785
Poland	9,670	4,120	5,555
Portugal	17,000	8,190	8,805
Romania	27,515	12,990	14,530
Russian Federation	11,690	4,865	6,825
Serbia⁸⁶	1,610	760	850
Ukraine	9,660	4,310	5,350
United Kingdom⁸⁷	12,290	6,575	5,715
Other places of birth in Europe	47,310	23,240	24,075
Africa	302,010	153,655	148,355
Algeria	72,835	37,535	35,295
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15,595	7,460	8,140
Egypt	20,325	10,520	9,805
Eritrea	600	305	300
Ethiopia	1,045	485	565
Morocco	68,865	34,810	34,060
Nigeria	2,210	1,185	1,025
Somalia	675	330	350
South Africa, Republic of	1,025	575	450
Other places of birth in Africa	118,820	60,455	58,360
Asia	332,925	158,445	174,475
Afghanistan	9,545	4,825	4,725
Iran⁸⁸	20,235	10,020	10,215
Iraq	4,085	2,110	1,980
Lebanon	42,280	22,610	19,670
Syria⁸⁹	26,845	13,675	13,170
Turkey	7,450	3,850	3,605
China⁹⁰	52,500	23,010	29,490
Hong Kong⁹¹	4,900	2,385	2,520
Korea, South⁹²	5,180	2,275	2,905
Taiwan	2,500	1,015	1,485
Philippines	31,350	11,835	19,515
Viet Nam	25,485	11,580	13,900
Bangladesh	8,965	4,510	4,455
India	24,990	12,770	12,225
Pakistan	11,250	5,970	5,285
Sri Lanka	10,910	5,350	5,560
Other places of birth in Asia	44,455	20,665	23,790
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,765	1,010	750
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	202,740	99,265	103,480
Americas	30,910	14,985	15,920
Brazil	2,575	1,170	1,410
Colombia	4,295	1,985	2,315
Haiti	8,600	4,210	4,395
Jamaica	215	130	90
Mexico	2,520	1,240	1,280
United States of America	4,140	2,170	1,975
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,690	670	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	6,860	3,420	3,440
Europe	33,705	17,520	16,185
France	20,980	11,325	9,655
Germany	530	295	240
Ireland⁹⁶	100	85	15
Italy	700	420	285
Russian Federation	1,365	515	850
Ukraine	1,660	720	940
United Kingdom⁸⁷	975	615	360
Other places of birth in Europe	7,395	3,550	3,845
Africa	70,310	34,215	36,095
Algeria	13,975	6,730	7,245
Burundi	2,290	1,170	1,120
Cameroon	8,830	4,180	4,650
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	4,055	1,875	2,180
Côte d'Ivoire	6,305	3,055	3,255
Egypt	2,385	1,255	1,135
Eritrea	300	160	135
Ethiopia	155	75	75
Morocco	9,515	4,435	5,080
Nigeria	995	525	470
Somalia	75	40	30
South Africa, Republic of	190	100	85
Sudan⁹⁷	100	55	45
Tunisia	6,640	3,375	3,260
Other places of birth in Africa	14,505	7,175	7,330
Asia	67,305	32,185	35,120
Afghanistan	2,515	1,250	1,265
Bangladesh	1,190	565	625
China⁹⁰	10,735	4,680	6,055
Hong Kong⁹¹	150	70	75
India	8,460	4,430	4,030
Iran⁸⁸	4,135	1,895	2,235
Iraq	715	385	325
Israel	395	205	185
Japan	325	75	250
Jordan	565	285	275
Korea, South⁹²	1,355	585	775
Lebanon	3,620	1,925	1,700
Nepal	245	140	100
Pakistan	2,160	1,135	1,025
Philippines	8,480	3,560	4,920
Saudi Arabia	1,390	790	600
Sri Lanka	710	320	385
Syria⁸⁹	13,390	6,960	6,425
Turkey	800	450	355
United Arab Emirates	975	510	470
Viet Nam	1,620	605	1,010
Other places of birth in Asia	3,390	1,355	2,035
Oceania and other⁹³	510	355	160
Australia	295	195	95
Other places of birth⁹⁸	220	160	60
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,471,845	728,125	743,715
Second generation¹⁰¹	883,485	446,000	437,490
Third generation or more¹⁰²	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	559,935	290,040	269,895
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	267,870	161,125	106,740
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	292,070	128,915	163,155
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	272,255	109,735	162,515
Refugees¹⁰⁸	175,740	89,995	85,740
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15,470	7,290	8,185
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	89,850	47,360	42,495
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	94,185	46,445	47,740
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	25,505	13,385	12,115
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	48,805	27,680	21,130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	8,935	3,495	5,440
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	756,120	358,700	397,420
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,340,735	662,065	678,670
South Asian	127,990	67,140	60,850
Chinese	115,240	51,375	63,865
Black	422,405	206,335	216,070
Filipino	44,885	19,300	25,580
Arab	280,075	146,990	133,085
Latin American	172,925	85,035	87,880
Southeast Asian	70,455	33,510	36,945
West Asian	43,985	22,250	21,735
Korean	10,360	4,825	5,535
Japanese	5,305	2,190	3,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	12,150	6,020	6,125
Multiple visible minorities	34,960	17,080	17,875
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Canadian	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880
English	177,710	88,910	88,800
Irish	404,190	193,440	210,745
Scottish	192,685	93,120	99,565
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,778,900	897,890	881,010
German	124,305	60,295	64,010
Chinese	123,985	55,730	68,255
Italian	316,315	157,600	158,720
Indian (India)	65,790	34,390	31,405
Ukrainian	38,685	18,590	20,095
Dutch	22,385	11,085	11,305
Polish	63,505	31,010	32,495
Québécois	931,940	465,630	466,305
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	38,655	19,380	19,275
Filipino	43,580	18,815	24,760
French Canadian	588,805	290,630	298,180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	149,955	75,935	74,020
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	138,030	64,935	73,095
Métis	44,275	21,865	22,410
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	99,420	50,795	48,625
Russian	47,195	21,990	25,200
Norwegian	8,215	4,055	4,160
Welsh	11,260	5,450	5,810
Portuguese	64,385	32,135	32,255
American	46,600	22,380	24,230
Spanish	77,735	37,960	39,775
Swedish	6,965	3,270	3,700
Hungarian	23,360	11,410	11,950
Acadian	83,945	39,450	44,495
Pakistani	16,645	8,825	7,815
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	73,930	36,725	37,205
Jewish	57,320	29,015	28,305
Punjabi	8,765	5,040	3,725
Vietnamese	45,570	21,910	23,665
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	104,735	55,130	49,610
Greek	69,705	35,085	34,620
Jamaican	11,395	5,490	5,905
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15,820	7,190	8,630
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	21,540	10,530	11,005
Korean	10,655	4,940	5,720
Romanian	46,765	22,775	23,995
Lebanese	78,210	40,740	37,470
Iranian	25,825	12,855	12,975
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	81,820	41,395	40,425
Danish	5,260	2,670	2,590
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	35,315	17,125	18,190
Sikh	5,175	2,765	2,415
Austrian	11,030	5,425	5,610
Belgian	48,380	24,065	24,315
Haitian	156,065	73,495	82,570
Hindu	8,930	4,805	4,125
Mexican	34,305	16,985	17,320
Mennonite	695	325	365
Swiss	22,980	11,870	11,110
Finnish	3,120	1,375	1,740
Sri Lankan	12,400	6,165	6,240
Croatian	6,790	3,425	3,370
Japanese	7,460	3,215	4,245
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	3,020	1,565	1,455
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20,235	9,695	10,545
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	4,075	2,125	1,955
Muslim	16,665	8,705	7,965
Egyptian	30,240	15,745	14,500
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	27,170	13,580	13,585
Tamil	7,615	3,645	3,970
Icelandic	1,135	660	470
Colombian	39,485	18,805	20,680
Moroccan	81,230	41,590	39,635
Czech	5,705	2,720	2,985
Syrian	31,590	15,820	15,770
Guyanese	3,410	1,585	1,825
Afghan	13,095	6,825	6,275
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	14,505	7,040	7,465
Serbian	5,355	2,655	2,700
Ojibway	1,120	540	585
Newfoundlander	1,830	935	895
Hong Konger	1,920	840	1,080
Ontarian	5,890	2,755	3,140
Persian	8,185	4,345	3,845
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	5,670	2,880	2,790
Turkish	15,620	7,850	7,770
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	17,970	8,515	9,455
Bangladeshi	11,075	5,635	5,445
Algerian	65,860	33,955	31,905
Brazilian	15,775	7,620	8,155
Nigerian	3,200	1,570	1,630
Armenian	30,720	15,190	15,530
Slovak	4,070	1,995	2,075
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	7,205	3,415	3,790
Somali	2,090	975	1,110
Taiwanese	3,605	1,655	1,950
Iraqi	4,385	2,290	2,095
Salvadorean	17,265	8,595	8,670
African Caribbean	9,305	4,260	5,040
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,425	1,520	1,905
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	5,955	3,180	2,780
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	9,190	4,020	5,170
Algonquin	29,880	14,520	15,365
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	3,140	1,390	1,750
Lithuanian	5,455	2,460	2,995
South African	1,045	545	500
Australian	1,820	885	935
Palestinian	6,500	3,445	3,055
Chilean	14,420	7,150	7,265
Congolese	24,070	11,855	12,220
Nova Scotian	1,430	640	790
Ethiopian	1,440	740	705
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	6,335	3,155	3,185
Peruvian	19,055	8,900	10,155
Yoruba	2,820	1,545	1,270
Cambodian (Khmer)	17,600	8,335	9,265
Berber	36,540	19,550	16,990
Albanian	4,650	2,390	2,265
Maltese	1,095	585	510
Macedonian	680	325	355
Slovenian	2,395	1,115	1,280
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	7,000	3,690	3,310
New Brunswicker	4,900	2,340	2,560
Gujarati	1,340	710	630
Eritrean	800	400	400
African Canadian	3,715	1,835	1,880
Israeli	6,750	3,465	3,285
Mohawk	6,635	3,230	3,405
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,620	790	830
Bulgarian	9,500	4,690	4,815
Albertan	410	175	240
Ghanaian	3,385	1,795	1,590
Barbadian	4,840	2,455	2,390
African American	3,255	1,640	1,610
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	2,310	1,205	1,110
Tunisian	26,015	14,280	11,735
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	2,885	1,425	1,455
Cuban	10,280	5,255	5,030
Bosnian	2,415	1,265	1,150
Venezuelan	8,690	4,045	4,640
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	23,940	11,480	12,455
Latvian	1,640

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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