Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Renfrew, County (CTY)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	106,365	...	...
Population, 2016¹	102,394	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	51,134	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	44,952	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7,357.94	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	106,365	53,180	53,185
0 to 14 years	16,850	8,625	8,225
0 to 4 years	5,420	2,705	2,720
5 to 9 years	5,870	3,040	2,835
10 to 14 years	5,555	2,880	2,675
15 to 64 years	64,825	32,990	31,835
15 to 19 years	5,205	2,765	2,435
20 to 24 years	5,350	2,965	2,385
25 to 29 years	6,435	3,415	3,015
30 to 34 years	6,830	3,540	3,295
35 to 39 years	6,465	3,340	3,120
40 to 44 years	5,640	2,840	2,805
45 to 49 years	5,690	2,755	2,930
50 to 54 years	6,085	3,015	3,070
55 to 59 years	8,320	4,095	4,225
60 to 64 years	8,805	4,245	4,560
65 years and over	24,690	11,565	13,120
65 to 69 years	7,800	3,805	3,995
70 to 74 years	6,605	3,275	3,335
75 to 79 years	4,400	2,130	2,270
80 to 84 years	2,860	1,290	1,570
85 years and over	3,020	1,070	1,950
85 to 89 years	1,835	705	1,135
90 to 94 years	890	300	585
95 to 99 years	250	55	195
100 years and over	40	5	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.8	16.2	15.5
15 to 64 years	60.9	62.0	59.9
65 years and over	23.2	21.7	24.7
85 years and over	2.8	2.0	3.7
Average age of the population	44.1	43.0	45.2
Median age of the population	45.2	43.2	47.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,955	...	...
Single-detached house	34,755	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,045	...	...
Row house	2,100	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	615	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,885	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	65	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	365	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,955	...	...
1 person	13,065	...	...
2 persons	17,620	...	...
3 persons	6,210	...	...
4 persons	5,170	...	...
5 or more persons	2,885	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,580	51,745	51,835
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	89,515	44,555	44,960
Married or living common-law	53,845	26,950	26,900
Married	43,200	21,625	21,570
Living common-law	10,650	5,320	5,330
Living common law - Never married	7,165	3,620	3,545
Living common law - Separated	675	355	320
Living common law - Divorced	2,485	1,225	1,265
Living common law - Widowed	325	125	200
Not married and not living common-law	35,670	17,605	18,060
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,030	12,365	8,670
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,905	1,345	1,560
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,540	2,495	3,045
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,190	1,405	4,785
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,950	...	...
2 persons	17,955	...	...
3 persons	5,885	...	...
4 persons	4,825	...	...
5 or more persons	2,285	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,950	...	...
Total couple families	26,450	...	...
Married couples	21,125	...	...
With children⁶	9,065	...	...
Without children	12,060	...	...
Common-law couples	5,325	...	...
With children⁶	2,210	...	...
Without children	3,115	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,500	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,285	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,210	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,580	51,745	51,835
Total - Persons in census families	85,300	42,590	42,710
Married spouses or common-law partners	52,900	26,425	26,475
Parents in one-parent families	4,500	1,215	3,290
Children⁶	27,895	14,950	12,945
In a two-parent family	21,055	11,165	9,890
In a one-parent family	6,845	3,790	3,055
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,280	9,150	9,130
Living alone	13,065	6,355	6,710
Living with other relatives⁷	1,905	825	1,075
Living with non-relatives only	3,315	1,975	1,340
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,950	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,185	...	...
Couple-family households	24,635	...	...
With children⁶	10,465	...	...
Without children	14,170	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,545	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	875	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	150	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,135	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,535	...	...
One-person households	13,065	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	86,775	43,140	43,635
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,330	41,880	42,450
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	51,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,360	41,895	42,465
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,090	37,780	36,305
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	48,000	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,305	30,545	26,765
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,400	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,290	37,205	39,080
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	8,300	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,875	3,705	4,170
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,040	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,205	7,505	9,695
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	86,775	43,140	43,635
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,500	42,045	42,455
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,280	58,050	42,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,520	42,050	42,475
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,920	48,800	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,080	37,905	36,175
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,760	54,550	36,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,305	30,665	26,645
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160	52,850	38,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,440	37,440	38,995
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,250	9,980	12,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,215	3,940	4,280
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,090	6,800	7,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,155	7,605	9,545
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,550	8,260	8,790
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	86,775	43,140	43,635
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,930	16,600	11,330
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	68,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,800	73,800	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,990	9,515	11,470
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	21,800	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,280	31,960	23,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.6	73.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.2	66.4	56.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.3	26.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	3.0	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	2.6	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	86,775	43,135	43,635
Without total income	2,445	1,255	1,185
With total income	84,335	41,885	42,445
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,095	2,425	3,670
$10,000 to $19,999	10,970	4,250	6,715
$20,000 to $29,999	12,755	5,200	7,560
$30,000 to $39,999	10,375	4,360	6,020
$40,000 to $49,999	9,185	4,175	5,015
$50,000 to $59,999	8,235	4,245	3,985
$60,000 to $69,999	7,115	4,235	2,880
$70,000 to $79,999	5,630	3,730	1,900
$80,000 to $89,999	3,970	2,615	1,355
$90,000 to $99,999	2,740	1,815	930
$100,000 and over	7,260	4,840	2,420
$100,000 to $149,999	5,620	3,655	1,965
$150,000 and over	1,635	1,180	460
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	86,775	43,135	43,635
Without after-tax income	2,415	1,240	1,175
With after-tax income	84,360	41,900	42,465
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,565	2,540	4,030
$10,000 to $19,999	11,300	4,410	6,890
$20,000 to $29,999	14,365	5,865	8,500
$30,000 to $39,999	12,215	5,385	6,830
$40,000 to $49,999	11,115	5,440	5,680
$50,000 to $59,999	9,300	5,450	3,855
$60,000 to $69,999	7,020	4,540	2,470
$70,000 to $79,999	4,545	2,985	1,560
$80,000 to $89,999	3,140	1,930	1,205
$90,000 to $99,999	1,775	1,175	605
$100,000 and over	3,025	2,190	840
$100,000 to $124,999	1,805	1,305	495
$125,000 and over	1,225	880	345
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	86,775	43,135	43,635
Without employment income	29,465	12,595	16,870
With employment income	57,305	30,540	26,765
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,450	4,165	4,280
$5,000 to $9,999	4,180	1,700	2,480
$10,000 to $19,999	6,290	2,675	3,620
$20,000 to $29,999	4,955	2,150	2,805
$30,000 to $39,999	5,180	2,440	2,740
$40,000 to $49,999	5,225	2,540	2,690
$50,000 to $59,999	4,860	2,695	2,165
$60,000 to $69,999	4,560	2,910	1,650
$70,000 to $79,999	3,660	2,550	1,110
$80,000 to $89,999	2,775	1,895	880
$90,000 to $99,999	2,045	1,355	690
$100,000 and over	5,120	3,470	1,650
$100,000 to $124,999	2,975	1,860	1,115
$125,000 and over	2,145	1,605	540
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	86,775	43,140	43,635
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,375	41,385	42,000
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,000	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,445	41,385	42,060
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,000	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,850	37,640	36,210
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	48,000	28,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,175	30,895	27,275
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	48,400	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,485	35,830	37,655
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,700	3,180	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,455	3,605	3,855
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,160	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	86,775	43,140	43,635
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,425	41,485	41,940
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,080	57,500	40,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,505	41,490	42,015
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,480	47,960	35,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,885	37,725	36,155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,680	55,750	37,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,270	31,015	27,255
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	52,850	38,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,590	35,905	37,685
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,740	7,880	9,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,565	3,765	3,805
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,930	7,180
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	86,775	43,140	43,635
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,855	16,555	11,295
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	66,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,100	70,000	57,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,050	9,090	10,955
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	28,400	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,360	37,920	27,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	88.2	79.0
Employment income (%)	65.6	68.6	61.2
Government transfers (%)	15.7	11.9	21.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,955	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,065	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,885	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,950	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,045	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,910	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,955	...	...
Under $5,000	295	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	585	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,030	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,940	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,600	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,460	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,785	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,715	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,295	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,375	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,405	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,060	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,765	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,795	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,660	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,055	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,270	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,810	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,955	...	...
Under $5,000	330	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	605	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,050	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,035	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,835	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,660	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,040	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,075	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,965	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,095	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,015	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,820	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,380	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,975	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,910	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,615	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,385	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,905	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,725	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,400	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,190	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,375	8,330	8,050
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	46,800	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	41,200	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,735	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,315	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,355	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,205	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,380	8,330	8,050
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,480	53,150	41,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,960	44,960	36,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,580	51,740	51,840
0 to 17 years	19,920	10,235	9,685
0 to 5 years	6,575	3,295	3,290
18 to 64 years	60,515	30,435	30,080
65 years and over	23,145	11,075	12,070
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,970	5,080	5,885
0 to 17 years	2,055	1,055	1,000
0 to 5 years	715	350	365
18 to 64 years	5,565	2,645	2,920
65 years and over	3,345	1,380	1,970
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.6	9.8	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.3	10.3
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.6	11.2
18 to 64 years (%)	9.2	8.7	9.7
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.5	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	103,100	51,525	51,575
0 to 17 years	19,795	10,175	9,615
0 to 5 years	6,540	3,275	3,265
18 to 64 years	60,230	30,310	29,920
65 years and over	23,075	11,045	12,035
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,565	1,335	1,225
0 to 17 years	370	185	180
0 to 5 years	115	60	60
18 to 64 years	1,935	1,045	890
65 years and over	260	110	150
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.6	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	1.9	1.8	1.9
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.7	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.5	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,580	51,745	51,840
In bottom half of the distribution	52,335	25,280	27,060
In bottom decile	9,175	4,320	4,855
In second decile	10,205	4,640	5,570
In third decile	10,555	5,090	5,465
In fourth decile	11,195	5,500	5,695
In fifth decile	11,205	5,730	5,475
In top half of the distribution	51,240	26,465	24,775
In sixth decile	11,570	5,930	5,635
In seventh decile	11,820	6,180	5,635
In eighth decile	10,835	5,555	5,275
In ninth decile	9,865	5,130	4,740
In top decile	7,150	3,665	3,485
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,580	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.297	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	105,380	52,840	52,540
English only	91,580	46,385	45,195
French only	230	105	125
English and French	13,425	6,290	7,140
Neither English nor French	145	65	85
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	105,380	52,840	52,540
English	100,000	50,195	49,805
French	4,965	2,445	2,520
English and French	285	150	140
Neither English nor French	130	55	80
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	105,380	52,840	52,540
Single responses	103,580	51,990	51,595
Official languages	99,220	49,930	49,295
English	94,030	47,355	46,675
French	5,195	2,570	2,625
Non-official languages	4,360	2,065	2,295
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	5	20
Algonquian languages	15	0	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,335	2,055	2,280
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	85	65
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	5	5	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	140	80	65
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	135	70	60
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	5	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5
Vietnamese	35	15	20
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	155	45	110
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5
Cebuano	5	0	5
Fijian	5	0	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5
Indonesian	10	5	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	30	90
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5
Creole languages	15	10	5
Haitian Creole	5	5	5
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	85	45	35
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	35	20	15
Tamil	30	15	10
Telugu	20	10	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,335	1,595	1,735
Albanian	5	5	0
Armenian	5	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,065	500	560
Baltic languages	15	5	10
Latvian	5	5	0
Lithuanian	10	5	5
Slavic languages	1,045	495	550
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	25	5	15
Macedonian	5	0	5
Polish	715	335	380
Russian	105	50	55
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	40	25	15
Bosnian	5	5	0
Croatian	20	10	10
Serbian	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5
Ukrainian	60	30	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	70	35	30
Celtic languages	5	5	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,295	585	705
Frisian	10	5	10
High German languages	900	405	500
German	735	325	405
Pennsylvania German	145	70	75
Swiss German	25	10	15
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	350	170	185
Afrikaans	15	5	5
Dutch	325	160	170
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	30	15	20
Danish	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5
Swedish	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	40	25	15
Indo-Iranian languages	410	220	190
Indo-Aryan languages	365	195	170
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	40	25	15
Gujarati	110	60	50
Hindi	45	20	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	90	50	40
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5
Urdu	75	40	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	25	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	25	15
Dari	5	5	5
Iranian Persian	30	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	505	255	255
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	85	55	30
Portuguese	90	35	55
Romanian	55	25	25
Spanish	280	140	135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	5	15
Korean	80	35	45
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	5
American Sign Language	0	0	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	125	150
Chinese languages	270	125	150
Hakka	10	5	0
Mandarin	155	65	85
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	15	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	15	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Uralic languages	95	45	50
Estonian	10	5	10
Finnish	20	10	10
Hungarian	60	30	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,800	850	950
English and French	1,185	555	635
English and non-official language(s)	505	240	265
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	55	25	25
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	105,380	52,840	52,540
English	97,535	49,120	48,410
French	1,510	760	750
Non-official language	680	325	355
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	680	325	355
English and French	2,815	1,285	1,535
English and non-official language(s)	2,530	1,200	1,330
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	215	110	105
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	105,380	52,840	52,540
Single responses	104,375	52,385	51,985
Official languages	102,965	51,705	51,265
English	100,925	50,675	50,255
French	2,040	1,025	1,015
Non-official languages	1,405	680	725
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,405	680	725
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	30	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	55	25	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5
Vietnamese	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	50	25	25
Kannada	5	0	0
Malayalam	15	10	10
Tamil	20	10	5
Telugu	10	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,000	485	520
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	110	120
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	225	110	120
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	150	70	75
Russian	40	15	25
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0
Serbian	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	370	175	195
Frisian	5	0	5
High German languages	315	150	160
German	190	90	100
Pennsylvania German	110	50	55
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	30
Afrikaans	5	0	0
Dutch	45	15	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	230	120	110
Indo-Aryan languages	210	110	100
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	5	10
Gujarati	70	40	30
Hindi	35	15	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	25	20
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	45	30	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	10	10	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	150	65	80
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	0	5
Portuguese	20	5	10
Romanian	15	5	10
Spanish	110	55	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	40	15	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	10	10
American Sign Language	15	5	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	70	70
Chinese languages	145	70	70
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	95	45	50
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	10	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	1,010	455	555
English and French	570	260	310
English and non-official language(s)	405	180	225
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	105,380	52,835	52,540
None	100,640	50,615	50,025
English	1,080	545	540
French	1,805	795	1,010
Non-official language	1,520	725	795
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous	1,500	710	785
English and French	10	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	45
French and non-official language(s)	130	65	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	115	55	65
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,580	51,745	51,840
Official languages	103,425	51,670	51,755
English	103,195	51,595	51,595
French	13,465	6,175	7,290
Non-official languages	6,355	2,945	3,405
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	50
Algonquian languages	55	25	30
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	50	25	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	25	15	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	25	10	15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,275	2,925	3,355
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	110	105
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	215	110	105
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	180	95	85
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	25	15	15
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	60	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10
Vietnamese	85	50	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	215	55	165
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	0	10
Indonesian	25	0	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	15	0	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	35	130
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Creole languages	15	0	10
Haitian Creole	10	0	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	145	75	75
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	40	20	30
Tamil	95	45	45
Telugu	40	25	15
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,930	2,305	2,620
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,260	625	635
Baltic languages	10	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	1,250	620	630
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	10	0
Czech	40	10	35
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	860	440	425
Russian	150	85	65
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	50	25	25
Serbian	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	30	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	90	30	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	75	45	30
Celtic languages	10	0	10
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,720	725	990
Frisian	25	10	15
High German languages	1,200	495	705
German	1,025	420	605
Pennsylvania German	135	50	85
Swiss German	50	35	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	545	220	320
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	535	220	310
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35
Danish	30	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	40	20	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	70	40	30
Indo-Iranian languages	580	325	255
Indo-Aryan languages	535	295	240
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	55	35	25
Gujarati	110	75	35
Hindi	310	175	145
Kacchi	10	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	170	90	85
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	0
Urdu	85	55	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	55	35	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	45	35	15
Dari	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	40	30	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,430	625	795
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	210	110	100
Portuguese	190	75	115
Romanian	50	25	25
Spanish	1,045	440	605
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	95	50	50
Korean	115	60	55
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	35	20	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	100	30	70
American Sign Language	85	30	55
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	155	145
Chinese languages	305	155	145
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	225	120	105
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	50
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	30	10	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	100	40	55
Estonian	15	0	10
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	80	40	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,580	51,740	51,840
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,045	4,635	4,405
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,680	4,450	4,230
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,095	2,610	2,480
Métis	3,540	1,815	1,720
Inuk (Inuit)	50	25	25
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	75	65
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	220	110	110
Non-Indigenous identity	94,535	47,110	47,430
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,580	51,740	51,840
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,750	1,465	1,285
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	100,830	50,275	50,550
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,950	...	...
Owner	33,640	...	...
Renter	11,260	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,950	...	...
Condominium	695	...	...
Not condominium	44,255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,950	...	...
No bedrooms	100	...	...
1 bedroom	3,825	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,335	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,695	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,995	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,950	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,330	...	...
5 rooms	6,920	...	...
6 rooms	7,645	...	...
7 rooms	7,205	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,855	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,950	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,715	...	...
More than one person per room	240	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,950	...	...
Suitable	43,870	...	...
Not suitable	1,085	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,950	...	...
1960 or before	14,965	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,750	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,080	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,920	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,860	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,285	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,090	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,995	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,950	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,325	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,625	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,950	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,130	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,695	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,130	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,950	...	...
15 to 24 years	965	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,100	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,580	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,465	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,835	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,815	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,515	...	...
85 years and over	1,670	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,990	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	37,695	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,300	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,945	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,950	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,985	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,415	...	...
Not suitable only	850	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,710	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	775	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,970	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,635	...	...
In core need	2,820	...	...
Not in core need	40,820	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,870	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,131	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	324,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	379,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,230	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	15.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	985	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	484	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	540	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,580	51,740	51,835
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,730	1,420	1,310
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,665	1,395	1,265
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,930	1,050	875
Métis single ancestry	710	340	375
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	65	20	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	20	40
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,835	4,390	4,450
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,575	4,285	4,295
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,455	3,270	3,185
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,010	980	1,035
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	35	75
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	260	105	160
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	260	105	160
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	92,015	45,935	46,080
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,580	51,745	51,840
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,330	51,245	51,085
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,860	10,205	9,655
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,465	41,035	41,430
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,250	495	755
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,580	51,745	51,840
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,700	49,045	48,650
Immigrants⁸¹	5,690	2,590	3,100
Before 1980	2,415	1,165	1,250
1980 to 1990	775	315	465
1991 to 2000	745	355	390
2001 to 2010	955	450	505
2011 to 2021⁸²	805	305	500
2011 to 2015	370	145	225
2016 to 2021	430	160	275
Non-permanent residents⁸³	190	105	90
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,690	2,590	3,100
Under 5 years	775	380	395
5 to 14 years	1,190	570	625
15 to 24 years	1,155	535	625
25 to 44 years	2,270	980	1,285
45 years and over	295	120	170
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,690	2,590	3,100
Americas	975	385	585
Brazil	60	15	45
Colombia	60	25	30
El Salvador	15	15	0
Guyana	30	15	20
Haiti	10	0	10
Jamaica	75	35	40
Mexico	40	20	25
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	65	30	35
United States of America	530	210	320
Other places of birth in Americas	85	35	50
Europe	3,245	1,550	1,700
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	20	10	15
France	45	30	15
Germany	510	195	315
Greece	40	25	15
Hungary	40	10	25
Italy	55	35	25
Netherlands	365	190	175
Poland	275	120	160
Portugal	45	25	20
Romania	50	20	25
Russian Federation	30	0	25
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10
Ukraine	55	30	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,365	665	705
Other places of birth in Europe	325	175	145
Africa	185	85	100
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	25	10	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	20	10	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	20
Other places of birth in Africa	95	40	60
Asia	1,245	565	685
Afghanistan	10	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	30	25	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	40	20	20
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10
Turkey	15	15	0
China⁹⁰	190	90	100
Hong Kong⁹¹	45	40	10
Korea, South⁹²	80	40	40
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	170	35	140
Viet Nam	45	20	30
Bangladesh	40	20	25
India	285	145	135
Pakistan	65	40	25
Sri Lanka	55	25	25
Other places of birth in Asia	165	50	120
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	10	30
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	435	160	270
Americas	120	35	85
Brazil	30	10	20
Colombia	10	0	10
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	15	0	15
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	60	20	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	75	35	40
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	15
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	20
Africa	20	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	215	80	130
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	70	35	35
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	20
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Other places of birth in Asia	40	10	30
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,580	51,740	51,840
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,695	3,080	3,615
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,060	5,275	4,790
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,825	43,390	43,435
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,275	1,425	1,855
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,645	800	845
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	705	465	240
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	940	335	605
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,240	405	830
Refugees¹⁰⁸	365	215	150
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	0	25
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,275	1,425	1,855
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	105	60	45
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	390	145	245
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	145	50	90
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	240	135	105
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	10	20
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,370	1,025	1,345
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,580	51,740	51,840
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,430	1,705	1,725
South Asian	855	475	375
Chinese	410	195	215
Black	710	380	330
Filipino	295	85	210
Arab	155	85	70
Latin American	270	120	145
Southeast Asian	230	110	115
West Asian	85	50	35
Korean	130	75	55
Japanese	100	35	60
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	35	50
Multiple visible minorities	115	50	70
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	100,150	50,040	50,110
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,580	51,745	51,840
Canadian	17,370	8,855	8,515
English	20,950	10,225	10,715
Irish	31,815	15,415	16,400
Scottish	24,025	11,740	12,280
French, n.o.s.¹²²	20,215	9,685	10,530
German	21,160	10,230	10,935
Chinese	530	255	275
Italian	2,505	1,340	1,165
Indian (India)	595	330	265
Ukrainian	1,855	915	935
Dutch	4,050	1,900	2,155
Polish	9,145	4,620	4,525
Québécois	470	250	220
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,610	1,785	1,825
Filipino	305	115	190
French Canadian	2,635	1,300	1,335
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,510	1,230	1,275
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,535	1,845	1,685
Métis	3,050	1,440	1,615
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,405	775	630
Russian	745	395	355
Norwegian	650	325	320
Welsh	2,025	950	1,075
Portuguese	470	210	260
American	835	380	455
Spanish	500	235	270
Swedish	650	290	360
Hungarian	505	205	305
Acadian	480	230	250
Pakistani	110	60	45
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	160	90	70
Jewish	230	115	110
Punjabi	55	35	15
Vietnamese	140	80	65
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	80	40	40
Greek	280	145	140
Jamaican	185	110	70
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	20	50
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	295	175	115
Korean	140	80	65
Romanian	210	90	115
Lebanese	115	60	50
Iranian	45	35	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	500	225	270
Danish	455	210	245
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,415	680	735
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	425	230	195
Belgian	405	210	195
Haitian	35	15	25
Hindu	90	60	35
Mexican	100	50	50
Mennonite	225	125	105
Swiss	505	200	305
Finnish	590	300	290
Sri Lankan	90	50	40
Croatian	140	70	80
Japanese	100	30	65
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	15	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	315	155	155
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	425	175	240
Muslim	35	15	15
Egyptian	25	20	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90	35	50
Tamil	35	20	20
Icelandic	95	50	40
Colombian	60	30	25
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	255	125	125
Syrian	55	40	15
Guyanese	50	30	25
Afghan	55	35	20
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	55	40
Serbian	40	25	20
Ojibway	280	130	145
Newfoundlander	310	175	140
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	720	350	370
Persian	20	10	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	140	85	55
Turkish	30	25	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	130	45	90
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	75	20	55
Nigerian	45	20	25
Armenian	65	25	40
Slovak	125	65	65
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	185	105	80
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	50	30	20
African Caribbean	10	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	10	30
Algonquin	2,410	1,195	1,215
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	15	15
Lithuanian	150	55	95
South African	90	60	30
Australian	75	35	45
Palestinian	10	0	10
Chilean	15	10	10
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	145	85	55
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	30	35
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	15	0	0
Maltese	50	25	30
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	55	30	30
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	115	40	70
New Brunswicker	65	40	25
Gujarati	35	25	15
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	25	15	10
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	255	140	115
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	120	60	60
Bulgarian	35	30	0
Albertan	25	15	10
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	25	0	20
African American	60	30	35
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	70	40	30
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	20	30
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	25	10	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	60	25	35
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	25	0	15
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	85	50	35
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	150	105	45
British Columbian	15	15	0
Ecuadorian	30	10	20
Franco Ontarian	255	130	130
Argentinian	25	10	10
Estonian	25	15	15
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	45	15	25
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	40	25
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	40	15	25
Dominican	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	45	20	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	35	15
Abenaki	35	15	25
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	30	50
New Zealander	15	15	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	35	25	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	50	25	20
Malaysian	15	0	10
Plains Cree	10	10	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	30	25	10
Saskatchewanian	30	15	15
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	45	20	25
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	20	15
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	35	15	20
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	15	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	25	15	10
Cape Bretoner	35	20	15
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	15	15	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	30	20	15
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	40	15	25
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	10	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	125	65	55
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	30	20	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10
Maliseet	25	0	20
Beninese	15	0	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	25	15	15
Costa Rican	10	0	0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	10	0	10
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,580	51,740	51,840
Buddhist	185	80	110
Christian	69,040	33,000	36,045
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,210	2,495	2,720
Anabaptist	290	125	165
Anglican	5,600	2,600	2,995
Baptist	1,740	850	895
Catholic	35,685	17,330	18,360
Christian Orthodox	330	195	135
Jehovah's Witness	445	215	225
Latter Day Saints	75	25	55
Lutheran	5,325	2,575	2,750
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	685	335	350
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,645	760	880
Presbyterian	1,860	800	1,065
Reformed	245	120	130
United Church	7,275	3,400	3,875
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,630	1,175	1,455
Hindu	335	200	140
Jewish	90	40	55
Muslim	295	175	115
Sikh	110	40	65
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	60	20	45
Other religions and spiritual traditions	690	315	375
No religion and secular perspectives	32,770	17,885	14,890
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,530	51,145	51,390
Non-movers	90,720	45,135	45,590
Movers	11,810	6,010	5,795
Non-migrants	4,780	2,395	2,385
Migrants	7,025	3,615	3,410
Internal migrants	6,860	3,530	3,330
Intraprovincial migrants	5,665	2,950	2,715
Interprovincial migrants	1,195	585	610
External migrants	165	85	85
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,140	49,005	49,135
Non-movers	59,800	29,580	30,220
Movers	38,340	19,425	18,915
Non-migrants	9,940	5,145	4,790
Migrants	28,400	14,280	14,120
Internal migrants	27,745	14,005	13,735
Intraprovincial migrants	23,275	11,630	11,645
Interprovincial migrants	4,470	2,375	2,090
External migrants	655	270	385
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,775	43,140	43,635
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,010	8,920	7,090
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,770	34,220	36,545
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,550	26,885	26,665
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,725	3,460	2,265
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,825	23,425	24,405
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,775	43,140	43,635
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,200	7,710	6,490
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,720	15,075	13,645
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,855	20,355	23,500
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,085	14,940	16,150
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,455	5,090	1,365
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,760	1,890	875
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,695	3,200	490
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	23,525	9,405	14,115
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,110	445	670
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,770	5,415	7,350
Bachelor's degree	8,715	3,380	5,335
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	810	290	515
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	185	165
Master's degree	2,330	1,120	1,210
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	570	440	120
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,550	26,885	26,665
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,795	2,870	1,925
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,185	9,770	7,420
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,570	14,245	17,320
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,395	10,680	11,720
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,425	3,485	945
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,890	1,295	590
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,535	2,185	350
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,390	6,980	10,410
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	585	220	370
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,170	3,565	5,600
Bachelor's degree	6,325	2,300	4,020
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	570	190	385
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	250	110	140
Master's degree	1,665	705	960
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	360	260	95
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,775	43,140	43,635
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,920	22,785	20,140
Education	2,480	585	1,895
13. Education	2,480	585	1,895
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	975	395	585
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	125	35
50. Visual and performing arts	820	270	550
Humanities	1,775	710	1,060
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	25	105
23. English language and literature/letters	435	150	280
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	425	150	275
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	0	45
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	65	45
39. Theology and religious vocations	305	185	120
54. History	260	125	140
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	15	55
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,395	1,170	3,225
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	450	190	265
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,355	90	1,265
22. Legal professions and studies	520	100	420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	25	100
42. Psychology	650	160	490
45. Social sciences	1,245	595	650
Business, management and public administration	7,435	2,095	5,345
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,035	160	880
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,400	1,935	4,465
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,650	900	750
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	625	240	385
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	200	90	110
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15
40. Physical sciences	595	460	140
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	110	105
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,120	700	425
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	840	575	265
25. Library science	80	15	70
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	105	85
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,525	9,725	805
04. Architecture and related services	165	100	65
14. Engineering	1,460	1,185	280
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,690	2,380	310
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	2,360	2,305	55
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,735	2,695	45
48. Precision production	1,120	1,070	50
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,650	945	705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	930	410	515
03. Natural resources and conservation	720	530	190
Health and related fields	8,180	1,105	7,075
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	600	235	365
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,450	810	6,640
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	55	55
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,660	2,030	1,630
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,625	375	1,245
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	60	60	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	170	170	0
43. Security and protective services	1,245	885	365
49. Transportation and materials moving	555	535	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,550	26,885	26,670
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,980	12,640	9,345
Education	1,450	280	1,170
13. Education	1,450	280	1,170
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	750	285	460
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	80	30
50. Visual and performing arts	645	210	435
Humanities	1,180	445	735
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	15	90
23. English language and literature/letters	265	95	170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	295	115	185
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	35
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	30	30
39. Theology and religious vocations	165	100	70
54. History	205	95	110
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,435	830	2,605
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	370	140	230
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,085	70	1,015
22. Legal professions and studies	420	65	355
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	10	85
42. Psychology	480	105	365
45. Social sciences	960	430	530
Business, management and public administration	5,480	1,395	4,085
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	825	110	720
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,655	1,280	3,365
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,100	550	550
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	420	145	275
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	60	75
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	375	255	120
41. Science technologies/technicians	160	85	75
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	540	310
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	695	490	205
25. Library science	50	10	40
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	35	60
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,445	6,770	675
04. Architecture and related services	105	50	55
14. Engineering	1,050	795	255
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,955	1,690	265
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	1,580	1,555	30
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,955	1,915	35
48. Precision production	795	760	35
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,275	690	585
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	720	290	435
03. Natural resources and conservation	550	400	150
Health and related fields	5,670	820	4,855
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	430	160	275
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,155	625	4,530
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	35	35
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,935	1,650	1,285
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,275	305	965
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	50	50	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	115	115	0
43. Security and protective services	1,010	710	305
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	470	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,550	26,885	26,670
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,980	12,640	9,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,565	14,245	17,320
Location of study inside Canada	30,015	13,555	16,455
Same as province or territory of residence	26,820	12,230	14,590
Different than province or territory of residence	3,195	1,330	1,865
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,555	685	865
Americas	490	245	250
United States of America	405	210	195
Mexico	10	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	35	10	25
Colombia	10	10	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	15
Europe	540	250	290
Belgium	10	0	0
France	20	0	20
Germany	60	30	35
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	10	0	10
Hungary	20	0	15
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	70	25	45
Romania	20	10	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	20	10	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	240	125	115
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	35	15
Africa	50	20	30
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	15
Asia	405	155	250
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	65	20	35
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0
Japan	15	0	15
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	10
Philippines	70	10	60
Viet Nam	10	0	10
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	115	55	60
Pakistan	30	20	15
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	20
Oceania	65	20	45
Australia	65	20	45
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	86,775	43,140	43,635
In the labour force	49,955	26,700	23,260
Employed	45,405	24,595	20,805
Unemployed	4,550	2,105	2,445
Not in the labour force	36,820	16,435	20,380
Participation rate	57.6	61.9	53.3
Employment rate	52.3	57.0	47.7
Unemployment rate	9.1	7.9	10.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	86,775	43,140	43,635
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,970	16,025	19,945
Worked	50,810	27,115	23,695
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,665	17,010	11,655
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,145	10,110	12,040
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.3	43.3	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	49,955	26,700	23,255
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	405	435
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	49,115	26,295	22,820
Employee	42,990	22,830	20,155
Permanent position	35,870	19,125	16,740
Temporary position	7,125	3,710	3,415
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,365	1,355	1,005
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,760	2,345	2,410
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,125	3,460	2,660
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	49,955	26,700	23,255
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	405	435
All occupations¹⁹¹	49,115	26,295	22,820
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	385	230	160
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,200	1,580	4,620
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,415	2,665	750
3 Health occupations	4,295	615	3,675
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,120	4,760	4,360
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	855	335	525
6 Sales and service occupations	11,560	4,360	7,200
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,375	8,705	670
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,855	1,475	375
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,055	1,565	485
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	49,955	26,700	23,255
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	405	435
All industries¹⁹¹	49,115	26,295	22,820
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,460	1,060	395
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	215	185	20
22 Utilities	750	605	145
23 Construction	4,800	4,315	490
31-33 Manufacturing	3,035	2,145	885
41 Wholesale trade	785	550	235
44-45 Retail trade	5,845	2,645	3,200
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,145	825	320
51 Information and cultural industries	465	245	225
52 Finance and insurance	805	225	580
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	555	270	285
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,835	2,210	1,630
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,135	1,245	890
61 Educational services	3,105	740	2,360
62 Health care and social assistance	6,840	870	5,970
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	625	320	305
72 Accommodation and food services	2,805	1,065	1,735
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,705	875	825
91 Public administration	8,190	5,875	2,315
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	54,100	28,655	25,450
English	50,930	27,175	23,755
French	365	95	270
Non-official language	50	10	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	50	10	30
English and French	2,475	1,210	1,260
English and non-official language(s)	270	145	120
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	54,100	28,655	25,450
Single responses	53,795	28,490	25,305
Official languages	53,660	28,435	25,225
English	53,125	28,300	24,825
French	540	135	400
Non-official languages	135	60	75
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	130	55	75
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	120	50	70
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	110	45	65
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	85	35	50
German	25	10	20
Pennsylvania German	40	20	20
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	20	10	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	310	160	150
English and French	285	145	135
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	54,100	28,655	25,450
None	51,650	27,445	24,200
English	250	75	175
French	2,020	1,025	990
Non-official language	140	70	70
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	130	70	60
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	25	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	45,405	24,595	20,810
Worked at home	7,455	3,445	4,015
Worked outside Canada	330	285	50
No fixed workplace address	6,465	4,890	1,575
Usual place of work	31,150	15,975	15,175
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,155	15,975	15,170
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,270	6,850	6,420
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,705	6,625	7,085
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,020	2,400	1,620
Commute to a different province or territory	145	105	45
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	37,615	20,870	16,745
Car, truck or van	34,650	19,520	15,130
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,210	18,295	13,915
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,440	1,220	1,220
Public transit	60	30	30
Walked	1,945	850	1,095
Bicycle	200	140	65
Other method	750	330	425
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	37,615	20,870	16,745
Less than 15 minutes	15,535	7,915	7,620
15 to 29 minutes	11,170	6,095	5,070
30 to 44 minutes	5,675	3,245	2,430
45 to 59 minutes	2,550	1,615	930
60 minutes and over	2,685	1,995	685
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	37,615	20,870	16,745
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,785	2,800	980
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,870	5,670	3,200
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,415	5,825	4,585
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,595	2,890	3,700
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,460	1,370	2,085
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,495	2,310	2,190
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,310	10,445	9,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,605	1,820	1,785
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,705	8,625	8,080
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,505	7,540	6,970
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,535	1,305	1,230
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,490	730	760
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,050	575	470
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,970	6,235	5,735

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 24, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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