Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Repentigny, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	86,100	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	84,285	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,710	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	34,174	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,399.6	...	...	1,399.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	61.52	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	86,100	41,680	44,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,540	7,960	7,580	18.0	19.1	17.1
0 to 4 years	4,160	2,165	1,990	4.8	5.2	4.5
5 to 9 years	5,405	2,760	2,645	6.3	6.6	6.0
10 to 14 years	5,975	3,030	2,945	6.9	7.3	6.6
15 to 64 years	52,880	25,800	27,080	61.4	61.9	61.0
15 to 19 years	4,975	2,560	2,415	5.8	6.1	5.4
20 to 24 years	4,260	2,190	2,075	4.9	5.3	4.7
25 to 29 years	3,975	2,025	1,950	4.6	4.9	4.4
30 to 34 years	4,250	1,985	2,265	4.9	4.8	5.1
35 to 39 years	5,075	2,355	2,720	5.9	5.7	6.1
40 to 44 years	5,910	2,765	3,145	6.9	6.6	7.1
45 to 49 years	5,745	2,830	2,915	6.7	6.8	6.6
50 to 54 years	5,640	2,715	2,930	6.6	6.5	6.6
55 to 59 years	6,375	3,150	3,225	7.4	7.6	7.3
60 to 64 years	6,665	3,220	3,450	7.7	7.7	7.8
65 years and over	17,685	7,920	9,760	20.5	19.0	22.0
65 to 69 years	5,500	2,595	2,900	6.4	6.2	6.5
70 to 74 years	4,600	2,100	2,495	5.3	5.0	5.6
75 to 79 years	3,480	1,610	1,865	4.0	3.9	4.2
80 to 84 years	2,080	890	1,190	2.4	2.1	2.7
85 years and over	2,030	725	1,305	2.4	1.7	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,310	480	830	1.5	1.2	1.9
90 to 94 years	590	210	375	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	19.1	17.1	18.0	19.1	17.1
15 to 64 years	61.4	61.9	61.0	61.4	61.9	61.0
65 years and over	20.5	19.0	22.0	20.5	19.0	22.0
85 years and over	2.4	1.7	2.9	2.4	1.7	2.9
Average age of the population	42.7	41.6	43.7	42.7	41.6	43.7
Median age of the population	44.4	43.2	45.2	44.4	43.2	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,425	...	...	59.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,255	...	...	6.6	...	...
Row house	635	...	...	1.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	570	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,080	...	...	26.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,155	...	...	3.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,710	...	...	25.5	...	...
2 persons	12,485	...	...	36.5	...	...
3 persons	5,065	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	4,915	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,000	...	...	8.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	84,985	41,335	43,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	70,560	33,715	36,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	42,975	21,430	21,540	60.9	63.6	58.5
Married	25,940	12,940	13,005	36.8	38.4	35.3
Living common-law	17,035	8,495	8,540	24.1	25.2	23.2
Living common law - Never married	13,280	6,575	6,710	18.8	19.5	18.2
Living common law - Separated	155	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,135	1,615	1,515	4.4	4.8	4.1
Living common law - Widowed	465	220	245	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not married and not living common-law	27,590	12,285	15,300	39.1	36.4	41.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	18,650	9,580	9,070	26.4	28.4	24.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	895	355	535	1.3	1.1	1.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,285	1,475	2,810	6.1	4.4	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,765	875	2,890	5.3	2.6	7.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,910	...	...	51.4	...	...
3 persons	5,005	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	4,815	...	...	19.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,395	...	...	9.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	21,140	...	...	84.1	...	...
Married couples	12,620	...	...	50.2	...	...
With children⁶	5,905	...	...	23.5	...	...
Without children	6,720	...	...	26.7	...	...
Common-law couples	8,515	...	...	33.9	...	...
With children⁶	4,590	...	...	18.3	...	...
Without children	3,925	...	...	15.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,990	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,975	...	...	11.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,015	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	84,985	41,335	43,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	72,875	36,120	36,750	85.8	87.4	84.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	42,275	21,100	21,180	49.7	51.0	48.5
Parents in one-parent families	3,985	1,010	2,975	4.7	2.4	6.8
Children⁶	26,610	14,010	12,600	31.3	33.9	28.9
In a two-parent family	20,275	10,685	9,590	23.9	25.8	22.0
In a one-parent family	6,330	3,325	3,010	7.4	8.0	6.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,115	5,215	6,900	14.3	12.6	15.8
Living alone	8,710	3,595	5,115	10.2	8.7	11.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,870	755	1,115	2.2	1.8	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	1,530	865	665	1.8	2.1	1.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	34,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	22,910	...	...	67.0	...	...
Couple-family households	19,635	...	...	57.5	...	...
With children⁶	9,660	...	...	28.3	...	...
Without children	9,970	...	...	29.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,275	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	815	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	835	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	780	...	...	2.3	...	...
One-person households	8,705	...	...	25.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	69,450	33,380	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,575	32,455	35,120	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	51,600	40,000	45,200	51,600	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,590	32,460	35,130	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	35,600	39,600	44,000	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,370	30,685	31,690	89.8	91.9	87.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,400	30,400	37,200	44,400	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,380	25,155	24,220	71.1	75.4	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,400	35,600	40,400	46,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55,010	24,715	30,295	79.2	74.0	84.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	10,100	12,400	11,600	10,100	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,710	3,985	3,730	11.1	11.9	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,360	5,640	5,480	5,360	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,665	9,800	8,865	26.9	29.4	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,000	8,000	7,000	6,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	69,450	33,375	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,665	32,520	35,145	97.4	97.4	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,950	60,550	45,920	52,950	60,550	45,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,670	32,525	35,145	97.4	97.5	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,480	48,480	38,880	43,480	48,480	38,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,270	30,575	31,695	89.7	91.6	87.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,520	55,100	38,240	46,520	55,100	38,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,380	25,205	24,175	71.1	75.5	67.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	53,700	41,080	47,520	53,700	41,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	55,075	24,755	30,320	79.3	74.2	84.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,430	11,440	13,220	12,430	11,440	13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,890	4,100	3,790	11.4	12.3	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,780	5,810	7,820	6,780	5,810	7,820
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,555	9,780	8,775	26.7	29.3	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,830	7,540	8,160	7,830	7,540	8,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	69,450	33,375	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,305	12,840	11,460	35.0	38.5	31.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	70,000	56,800	63,200	70,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,900	77,300	61,700	69,900	77,300	61,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,485	9,275	10,205	28.1	27.8	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	23,400	18,000	20,000	23,400	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,560	34,600	25,000	29,560	34,600	25,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.6	75.2	80.8	85.6	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6	68.8	61.5	65.6	68.8	61.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.1	14.4	24.8	19.1	14.4	24.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.2	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.2	5.4	4.7	4.2	5.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.7	4.4	4.1	3.7	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	69,450	33,375	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,875	920	950	2.7	2.8	2.6
With total income	67,580	32,450	35,125	97.3	97.2	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,230	1,670	2,555	6.3	5.1	7.3
$10,000 to $19,999	6,855	2,505	4,350	10.1	7.7	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	9,950	3,975	5,975	14.7	12.2	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	8,270	3,590	4,685	12.2	11.1	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,500	3,930	4,565	12.6	12.1	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,410	3,645	3,765	11.0	11.2	10.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,830	3,055	2,775	8.6	9.4	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,500	2,605	1,895	6.7	8.0	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,490	1,970	1,525	5.2	6.1	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,530	1,460	1,070	3.7	4.5	3.0
$100,000 and over	6,020	4,055	1,965	8.9	12.5	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	4,490	2,920	1,575	6.6	9.0	4.5
$150,000 and over	1,530	1,135	390	2.3	3.5	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	69,450	33,375	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,860	920	945	2.7	2.8	2.6
With after-tax income	67,585	32,460	35,125	97.3	97.3	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,655	1,755	2,900	6.9	5.4	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,350	2,725	4,625	10.9	8.4	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	11,585	4,715	6,870	17.1	14.5	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	10,660	4,930	5,730	15.8	15.2	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,415	5,190	5,225	15.4	16.0	14.9
$50,000 to $59,999	7,920	4,195	3,720	11.7	12.9	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	5,865	3,290	2,580	8.7	10.1	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,630	2,030	1,600	5.4	6.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,110	1,290	820	3.1	4.0	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,210	780	430	1.8	2.4	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,185	1,555	630	3.2	4.8	1.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,265	870	400	1.9	2.7	1.1
$125,000 and over	915	685	230	1.4	2.1	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	69,450	33,375	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,070	8,225	11,850	28.9	24.6	32.8
With employment income	49,375	25,155	24,225	71.1	75.4	67.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,350	3,400	2,945	12.9	13.5	12.2
$5,000 to $9,999	3,640	1,565	2,075	7.4	6.2	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	5,400	2,255	3,145	10.9	9.0	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,580	1,955	2,625	9.3	7.8	10.8
$30,000 to $39,999	4,545	2,035	2,515	9.2	8.1	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	4,860	2,145	2,715	9.8	8.5	11.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,230	2,115	2,120	8.6	8.4	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,625	2,050	1,575	7.3	8.1	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,115	1,860	1,255	6.3	7.4	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,825	1,565	1,260	5.7	6.2	5.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,700	1,075	630	3.4	4.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,505	3,145	1,360	9.1	12.5	5.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,430	1,620	815	4.9	6.4	3.4
$125,000 and over	2,075	1,530	545	4.2	6.1	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	69,450	33,380	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,200	31,790	34,410	95.3	95.2	95.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,800	37,600	43,600	50,800	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,240	31,800	34,445	95.4	95.3	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,200	33,200	38,000	43,200	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,330	30,280	31,050	88.3	90.7	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,400	31,400	38,400	46,400	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,460	25,250	24,215	71.2	75.6	67.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,000	35,200	40,800	48,000	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,250	21,265	27,985	70.9	63.7	77.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700	6,600	9,700	8,700	6,600	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,900	3,600	3,290	9.9	10.8	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,560	4,040	5,280	4,560	4,040	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	69,450	33,375	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,370	31,955	34,415	95.6	95.7	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,920	59,650	42,840	50,920	59,650	42,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,395	31,955	34,440	95.6	95.7	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,360	36,200	41,600	47,360	36,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,470	30,410	31,060	88.5	91.1	86.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,040	56,550	37,720	47,040	56,550	37,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,555	25,440	24,105	71.4	76.2	66.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,880	55,300	40,080	47,880	55,300	40,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,145	21,125	28,015	70.8	63.3	77.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,960	8,820	10,820	9,960	8,820	10,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,960	3,650	3,310	10.0	10.9	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,040	8,830	6,840	5,040	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	69,450	33,375	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,285	12,865	11,420	35.0	38.5	31.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	68,000	51,600	59,600	68,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,200	74,900	56,450	66,200	74,900	56,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,395	8,890	9,505	26.5	26.6	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	31,000	22,000	25,200	31,000	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,920	41,920	28,400	34,920	41,920	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.6	90.2	79.4	85.6	90.2	79.4
Employment income (%)	70.2	73.8	65.6	70.2	73.8	65.6
Government transfers (%)	14.5	9.8	20.6	14.5	9.8	20.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.0	1.4	1.0	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	34,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,465	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	34,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...	104,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,850	...	...	51,850	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,280	...	...	43,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,900	...	...	122,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	310	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,200	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	975	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	835	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,120	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,275	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,310	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,535	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,440	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,215	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,350	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,130	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,120	...	...	44.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,700	...	...	13.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,535	...	...	10.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,170	...	...	12.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,715	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	350	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,275	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,210	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,065	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,495	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,595	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,570	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,035	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,930	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,865	...	...	8.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,640	...	...	7.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	...	...	7.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,220	...	...	32.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,795	...	...	14.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,070	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,350	...	...	9.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	10,235	4,460	5,785	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	48,800	38,400	42,800	48,800	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	41,600	34,400	37,600	41,600	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,945	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	123,200	...	...	123,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,300	...	...	102,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,100	...	...	83,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,800	...	...	155,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,710	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,800	...	...	89,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,600	...	...	76,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,265	4,480	5,790	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	55,700	44,680	49,480	55,700	44,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,440	45,320	38,480	41,440	45,320	38,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	84,985	41,335	43,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,625	9,535	9,090	21.9	23.1	20.8
0 to 5 years	5,150	2,670	2,475	6.1	6.5	5.7
18 to 64 years	49,725	24,190	25,535	58.5	58.5	58.5
65 years and over	16,635	7,615	9,020	19.6	18.4	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	5,015	1,980	3,035	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	915	465	450	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	265	145	125	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,175	955	1,220	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,935	570	1,370	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.9	4.8	7.0	5.9	4.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	5.4	4.9	5.2	5.4	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	3.9	4.8	4.4	3.9	4.8
65 years and over (%)	11.6	7.4	15.2	11.6	7.4	15.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	84,985	41,335	43,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,625	9,535	9,090	21.9	23.1	20.8
0 to 5 years	5,145	2,675	2,475	6.1	6.5	5.7
18 to 64 years	49,730	24,190	25,540	58.5	58.5	58.5
65 years and over	16,630	7,610	9,020	19.6	18.4	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,380	1,060	1,325	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	385	195	195	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	105	55	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,430	695	740	...	...	...
65 years and over	565	175	390	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	2.6	3.0	2.8	2.6	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
65 years and over (%)	3.4	2.3	4.3	3.4	2.3	4.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	84,985	41,335	43,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	39,510	18,385	21,120	46.5	44.5	48.4
In bottom decile	4,075	1,690	2,390	4.8	4.1	5.5
In second decile	6,535	2,825	3,710	7.7	6.8	8.5
In third decile	8,395	3,945	4,450	9.9	9.5	10.2
In fourth decile	10,055	4,815	5,235	11.8	11.6	12.0
In fifth decile	10,445	5,105	5,340	12.3	12.4	12.2
In top half of the distribution	45,480	22,950	22,530	53.5	55.5	51.6
In sixth decile	11,200	5,560	5,640	13.2	13.5	12.9
In seventh decile	10,820	5,425	5,395	12.7	13.1	12.4
In eighth decile	10,010	5,075	4,930	11.8	12.3	11.3
In ninth decile	8,175	4,215	3,960	9.6	10.2	9.1
In top decile	5,275	2,670	2,600	6.2	6.5	6.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	84,985	...	...	84,985	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.379	...	...	0.379	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.232	...	...	0.232	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	85,690	41,515	44,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	360	195	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
French only	47,230	20,965	26,265	55.1	50.5	59.5
English and French	37,840	20,285	17,555	44.2	48.9	39.7
Neither English nor French	260	75	185	0.3	0.2	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	85,690	41,515	44,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	2,170	1,100	1,075	2.5	2.6	2.4
French	81,695	39,500	42,200	95.3	95.1	95.5
English and French	1,570	850	725	1.8	2.0	1.6
Neither English nor French	250	70	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	85,690	41,515	44,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	83,240	40,300	42,940	97.1	97.1	97.2
Official languages	74,940	36,280	38,660	87.5	87.4	87.5
English	1,420	710	705	1.7	1.7	1.6
French	73,520	35,565	37,955	85.8	85.7	85.9
Non-official languages	8,295	4,020	4,275	9.7	9.7	9.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,295	4,020	4,275	9.7	9.7	9.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,355	1,215	1,135	2.7	2.9	2.6
Berber languages	665	350	320	0.8	0.8	0.7
Kabyle	630	330	300	0.7	0.8	0.7
Tamazight	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,675	860	820	2.0	2.1	1.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,675	860	815	2.0	2.1	1.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	1,750	770	980	2.0	1.9	2.2
Haitian Creole	1,515	670	850	1.8	1.6	1.9
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	225	95	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,440	1,710	1,730	4.0	4.1	3.9
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	240	105	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	240	105	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,975	1,485	1,485	3.5	3.6	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	475	260	215	0.6	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	295	150	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	265	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,930	935	995	2.3	2.3	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	315	140	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lingala	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,450	1,210	1,235	2.9	2.9	2.8
English and French	785	405	380	0.9	1.0	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,355	655	700	1.6	1.6	1.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	85,690	41,515	44,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	930	470	460	1.1	1.1	1.0
French	71,845	34,700	37,140	83.8	83.6	84.1
Non-official language	1,530	700	825	1.8	1.7	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,530	700	825	1.8	1.7	1.9
English and French	3,315	1,760	1,550	3.9	4.2	3.5
English and non-official language(s)	180	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	5,775	2,765	3,010	6.7	6.7	6.8
English, French and non-official language(s)	2,055	990	1,070	2.4	2.4	2.4
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	85,690	41,515	44,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	82,805	40,120	42,680	96.6	96.6	96.6
Official languages	79,510	38,560	40,950	92.8	92.9	92.7
English	1,665	825	835	1.9	2.0	1.9
French	77,850	37,730	40,115	90.9	90.9	90.8
Non-official languages	3,290	1,560	1,730	3.8	3.8	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,290	1,560	1,730	3.8	3.8	3.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	870	425	440	1.0	1.0	1.0
Berber languages	255	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kabyle	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamazight	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	610	295	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	610	295	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	550	220	335	0.6	0.5	0.8
Haitian Creole	490	190	295	0.6	0.5	0.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,570	775	795	1.8	1.9	1.8
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,355	680	680	1.6	1.6	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	1,070	530	540	1.2	1.3	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,890	1,395	1,495	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	880	440	440	1.0	1.1	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	1,650	780	870	1.9	1.9	2.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	85,690	41,515	44,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,640	37,020	39,620	89.4	89.2	89.7
English	2,400	1,295	1,105	2.8	3.1	2.5
French	1,830	875	955	2.1	2.1	2.2
Non-official language	3,250	1,550	1,700	3.8	3.7	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,245	1,550	1,700	3.8	3.7	3.8
English and French	260	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	925	450	470	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	245	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	84,985	41,325	43,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	84,730	41,270	43,460	99.7	99.9	99.5
English	38,135	20,585	17,550	44.9	49.8	40.2
French	84,360	41,080	43,285	99.3	99.4	99.1
Non-official languages	15,435	7,390	8,050	18.2	17.9	18.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,435	7,390	8,045	18.2	17.9	18.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,975	1,995	1,980	4.7	4.8	4.5
Berber languages	1,085	575	510	1.3	1.4	1.2
Kabyle	1,000	525	475	1.2	1.3	1.1
Tamazight	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hausa	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,395	1,695	1,700	4.0	4.1	3.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	3,380	1,685	1,695	4.0	4.1	3.9
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	115	75	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	3,975	1,840	2,130	4.7	4.5	4.9
Haitian Creole	3,835	1,780	2,055	4.5	4.3	4.7
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	320	130	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,430	3,095	3,335	7.6	7.5	7.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	405	195	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	405	195	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	340	150	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	140	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
German	140	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	160	60	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	180	110	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,710	2,730	2,990	6.7	6.6	6.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,140	590	550	1.3	1.4	1.3
Portuguese	430	255	175	0.5	0.6	0.4
Romanian	330	185	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Spanish	4,090	1,830	2,260	4.8	4.4	5.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	790	350	435	0.9	0.8	1.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	300	125	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Luba-Kasai	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	130	35	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,980	41,325	43,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	885	415	470	1.0	1.0	1.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	835	380	450	1.0	0.9	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	535	235	300	0.6	0.6	0.7
Métis	295	145	155	0.3	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	84,100	40,910	43,190	99.0	99.0	98.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,980	41,325	43,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	84,830	41,240	43,590	99.8	99.8	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,315	...	...	77.0	...	...
Renter	7,855	...	...	23.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,580	...	...	16.3	...	...
Not condominium	28,590	...	...	83.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,945	...	...	8.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,675	...	...	28.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,910	...	...	34.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,555	...	...	28.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	9,035	...	...	26.4	...	...
5 rooms	4,040	...	...	11.8	...	...
6 rooms	4,135	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	4,820	...	...	14.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,145	...	...	35.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	33,950	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	220	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,370	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	805	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,355	...	...	6.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,515	...	...	30.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,175	...	...	23.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,925	...	...	14.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,725	...	...	8.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,005	...	...	8.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,540	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	935	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	32,540	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,640	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,220	...	...	47.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,090	...	...	50.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	865	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	34,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	390	...	...	1.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,295	...	...	9.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,850	...	...	17.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,670	...	...	19.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,630	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,935	...	...	17.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,375	...	...	9.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,035	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	34,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,530	...	...	86.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,585	...	...	13.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,295	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	34,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,650	...	...	19.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,280	...	...	12.5	...	...
Not suitable only	695	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,305	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	255	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,520	...	...	80.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	33,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,610	...	...	4.8	...	...
Not in core need	32,215	...	...	95.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,305	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.2	...	...	67.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,308	...	...	1,308	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	362,400	...	...	362,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,855	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.7	...	...	28.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.5	...	...	14.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	996	...	...	996	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	84,985	41,320	43,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	970	460	515	1.1	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	960	455	505	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	855	395	465	1.0	1.0	1.1
Métis single ancestry	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,485	710	770	1.7	1.7	1.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,485	710	770	1.7	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,400	675	725	1.6	1.6	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	82,530	40,155	42,375	97.1	97.2	97.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	84,985	41,320	43,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	83,210	40,440	42,765	97.9	97.9	98.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,275	9,290	8,985	21.5	22.5	20.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	64,930	31,150	33,780	76.4	75.4	77.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,780	880	900	2.1	2.1	2.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	84,985	41,320	43,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	73,950	36,030	37,920	87.0	87.2	86.9
Immigrants⁸¹	10,640	5,085	5,555	12.5	12.3	12.7
Before 1980	1,020	550	470	1.2	1.3	1.1
1980 to 1990	1,155	485	670	1.4	1.2	1.5
1991 to 2000	1,785	855	925	2.1	2.1	2.1
2001 to 2010	4,025	1,950	2,070	4.7	4.7	4.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,660	1,240	1,420	3.1	3.0	3.3
2011 to 2015	1,925	885	1,040	2.3	2.1	2.4
2016 to 2021	735	355	385	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	395	210	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,640	5,085	5,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,115	510	605	10.5	10.0	10.9
5 to 14 years	1,965	930	1,035	18.5	18.3	18.6
15 to 24 years	1,905	825	1,085	17.9	16.2	19.5
25 to 44 years	5,080	2,590	2,490	47.7	50.9	44.8
45 years and over	570	235	340	5.4	4.6	6.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,640	5,085	5,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,615	2,120	2,495	43.4	41.7	44.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	165	60	105	1.6	1.2	1.9
El Salvador	135	65	70	1.3	1.3	1.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	2,995	1,350	1,650	28.1	26.5	29.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	155	70	85	1.5	1.4	1.5
Peru	215	105	110	2.0	2.1	2.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
United States of America	210	115	95	2.0	2.3	1.7
Other places of birth in Americas	695	340	360	6.5	6.7	6.5
Europe	1,450	730	715	13.6	14.4	12.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
France	485	250	235	4.6	4.9	4.2
Germany	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Greece	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	185	90	95	1.7	1.8	1.7
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Portugal	135	70	65	1.3	1.4	1.2
Romania	110	60	50	1.0	1.2	0.9
Russian Federation	30	0	25	0.3	0.0	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	70	35	35	0.7	0.7	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	290	140	150	2.7	2.8	2.7
Africa	3,920	1,920	2,005	36.8	37.8	36.1
Algeria	1,595	820	780	15.0	16.1	14.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	355	150	205	3.3	2.9	3.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	1,060	510	550	10.0	10.0	9.9
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	890	430	460	8.4	8.5	8.3
Asia	650	315	340	6.1	6.2	6.1
Afghanistan	45	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Iraq	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	60	35	20	0.6	0.7	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Turkey	60	35	25	0.6	0.7	0.5
China⁹⁰	70	35	40	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	25	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	55	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	245	115	125	2.3	2.3	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	735	355	385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	305	160	145	41.5	45.1	37.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	210	110	100	28.6	31.0	26.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	20	15	10	2.7	4.2	2.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	65	30	40	8.8	8.5	10.4
Europe	80	45	35	10.9	12.7	9.1
France	65	40	20	8.8	11.3	5.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	15	0	10	2.0	0.0	2.6
Africa	320	135	185	43.5	38.0	48.1
Algeria	125	50	75	17.0	14.1	19.5
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	10	0	2.0	2.8	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	20	40	8.8	5.6	10.4
Côte d'Ivoire	15	10	10	2.0	2.8	2.6
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	10	25	5.4	2.8	6.5
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	10	2.7	2.8	2.6
Other places of birth in Africa	40	20	15	5.4	5.6	3.9
Asia	30	15	15	4.1	4.2	3.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	2.0	2.8	2.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	84,985	41,325	43,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	11,335	5,420	5,910	13.3	13.1	13.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,870	5,025	4,845	11.6	12.2	11.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	63,780	30,875	32,905	75.0	74.7	75.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	9,620	4,535	5,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,515	2,355	2,155	46.9	51.9	42.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,975	1,325	655	20.5	29.2	12.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,540	1,040	1,505	26.4	22.9	29.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,270	1,295	1,970	34.0	28.6	38.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,655	805	855	17.2	17.8	16.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	180	75	100	1.9	1.7	2.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	9,620	4,535	5,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,395	710	690	14.5	15.7	13.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	495	255	240	5.1	5.6	4.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	135	70	70	1.4	1.5	1.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	190	115	70	2.0	2.5	1.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	15	85	1.1	0.3	1.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,300	3,365	3,930	75.9	74.2	77.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	84,985	41,325	43,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	14,930	7,220	7,710	17.6	17.5	17.7
South Asian	65	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese	280	115	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Black	8,385	4,015	4,370	9.9	9.7	10.0
Filipino	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab	3,330	1,680	1,650	3.9	4.1	3.8
Latin American	1,895	925	970	2.2	2.2	2.2
Southeast Asian	360	170	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	145	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	260	100	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	70,055	34,105	35,950	82.4	82.5	82.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	84,985	41,325	43,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	28,075	13,570	14,500	33.0	32.8	33.2
English	905	370	530	1.1	0.9	1.2
Irish	3,110	1,435	1,670	3.7	3.5	3.8
Scottish	1,030	535	500	1.2	1.3	1.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	17,120	8,540	8,575	20.1	20.7	19.6
German	795	375	415	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italian	3,400	1,730	1,675	4.0	4.2	3.8
Indian (India)	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	425	215	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Québécois	10,845	5,145	5,700	12.8	12.5	13.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Filipino	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	5,780	2,785	2,995	6.8	6.7	6.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,115	565	550	1.3	1.4	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,045	475	575	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	705	370	330	0.8	0.9	0.8
Russian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norwegian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Welsh	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	645	365	275	0.8	0.9	0.6
American	400	205	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Spanish	735	390	345	0.9	0.9	0.8
Swedish	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	880	340	545	1.0	0.8	1.2
Pakistani	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,395	670	725	1.6	1.6	1.7
Jewish	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,495	720	775	1.8	1.7	1.8
Greek	265	145	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	255	145	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lebanese	170	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	590	280	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Danish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	275	145	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Belgian	460	235	225	0.5	0.6	0.5
Haitian	5,335	2,560	2,775	6.3	6.2	6.4
Hindu	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mexican	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lankan	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	175	55	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	325	165	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	280	100	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
Moroccan	1,130	530	605	1.3	1.3	1.4
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	1,200	595	600	1.4	1.4	1.4
Brazilian	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	265	165	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
African Caribbean	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	200	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Congolese	280	105	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	315	150	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	150	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber	855	425	425	1.0	1.0	1.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	135	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	140	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guatemalan	170	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	625	325	300	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	130	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Moldovan	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Norman	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Honduran	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	84,980	41,320	43,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	240	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	59,765	28,515	31,240	70.3	69.0	71.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,660	2,835	2,825	6.7	6.9	6.5
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baptist	685	360	325	0.8	0.9	0.7
Catholic	50,150	23,730	26,425	59.0	57.4	60.5
Christian Orthodox	565	310	260	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	320	120	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	500	235	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Presbyterian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Reformed	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,635	810	825	1.9	2.0	1.9
Hindu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jewish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	4,970	2,445	2,525	5.8	5.9	5.8
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	19,820	10,125	9,695	23.3	24.5	22.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	84,365	41,010	43,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	76,920	37,455	39,460	91.2	91.3	91.0
Movers	7,445	3,555	3,895	8.8	8.7	9.0
Non-migrants	3,245	1,545	1,700	3.8	3.8	3.9
Migrants	4,205	2,010	2,190	5.0	4.9	5.1
Internal migrants	4,045	1,940	2,105	4.8	4.7	4.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,000	1,920	2,080	4.7	4.7	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
External migrants	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	80,905	39,205	41,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,265	26,080	27,185	65.8	66.5	65.2
Movers	27,635	13,115	14,520	34.2	33.5	34.8
Non-migrants	9,300	4,395	4,905	11.5	11.2	11.8
Migrants	18,340	8,725	9,610	22.7	22.3	23.0
Internal migrants	17,565	8,395	9,180	21.7	21.4	22.0
Intraprovincial migrants	17,420	8,315	9,105	21.5	21.2	21.8
Interprovincial migrants	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
External migrants	765	335	440	0.9	0.9	1.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,450	33,375	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,855	6,785	6,070	18.5	20.3	16.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,590	26,585	30,005	81.5	79.7	83.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,595	20,930	22,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,430	3,200	2,235	12.5	15.3	9.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,160	17,735	20,430	87.5	84.7	90.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,450	33,375	36,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,310	5,715	5,595	16.3	17.1	15.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,235	8,010	9,225	24.8	24.0	25.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,905	19,650	21,255	58.9	58.9	58.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,675	14,450	14,230	41.3	43.3	39.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,515	7,465	5,050	18.0	22.4	14.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,825	4,500	4,320	12.7	13.5	12.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,695	2,965	730	5.3	8.9	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,005	5,695	7,310	18.7	17.1	20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,155	1,285	1,865	4.5	3.9	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,230	5,210	7,025	17.6	15.6	19.5
Bachelor's degree	8,800	3,550	5,250	12.7	10.6	14.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,135	545	590	1.6	1.6	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	305	135	175	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	1,695	825	875	2.4	2.5	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	290	150	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	43,590	20,930	22,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,370	2,490	1,875	10.0	11.9	8.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,350	4,070	4,275	19.2	19.4	18.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,875	14,370	16,510	70.8	68.7	72.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,185	10,445	10,735	48.6	49.9	47.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,680	5,580	4,095	22.2	26.7	18.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,815	3,280	3,540	15.6	15.7	15.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,860	2,305	555	6.6	11.0	2.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,200	3,940	5,260	21.1	18.8	23.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,305	925	1,375	5.3	4.4	6.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,690	3,920	5,775	22.2	18.7	25.5
Bachelor's degree	6,960	2,680	4,280	16.0	12.8	18.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	880	405	480	2.0	1.9	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	265	105	160	0.6	0.5	0.7
Master's degree	1,335	610	725	3.1	2.9	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	250	120	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,450	33,380	36,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,550	13,725	14,825	41.1	41.1	41.1
Education	3,200	675	2,525	4.6	2.0	7.0
13. Education	3,200	675	2,525	4.6	2.0	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,275	585	695	1.8	1.8	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195	160	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,080	415	660	1.6	1.2	1.8
Humanities	1,790	725	1,065	2.6	2.2	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	40	170	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,140	490	650	1.6	1.5	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	225	65	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,335	990	2,345	4.8	3.0	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	375	125	250	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	825	70	760	1.2	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	700	230	470	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	585	140	445	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	770	395	370	1.1	1.2	1.0
Business, management and public administration	9,875	3,715	6,160	14.2	11.1	17.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	515	110	405	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,350	3,600	5,755	13.5	10.8	16.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,345	765	575	1.9	2.3	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	360	140	220	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	135	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	280	145	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
40. Physical sciences	260	205	50	0.4	0.6	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	205	130	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,625	1,150	475	2.3	3.4	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,405	1,045	360	2.0	3.1	1.0
25. Library science	120	20	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	60	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,875	8,200	675	12.8	24.6	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	235	105	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
14. Engineering	1,145	1,000	140	1.6	3.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,810	1,605	205	2.6	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,595	2,530	65	3.7	7.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,770	1,715	55	2.5	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,320	1,250	75	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	395	210	185	0.6	0.6	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	305	155	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	5,925	955	4,970	8.5	2.9	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	305	145	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,535	780	4,755	8.0	2.3	13.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,240	1,675	1,570	4.7	5.0	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,655	345	1,310	2.4	1.0	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	925	715	215	1.3	2.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	645	605	40	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	43,590	20,930	22,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,715	6,565	6,155	29.2	31.4	27.2
Education	2,270	440	1,835	5.2	2.1	8.1
13. Education	2,270	440	1,835	5.2	2.1	8.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	985	420	565	2.3	2.0	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	135	110	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	850	305	540	1.9	1.5	2.4
Humanities	1,055	430	625	2.4	2.1	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	160	40	125	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	645	280	365	1.5	1.3	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
54. History	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	35	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,650	720	1,935	6.1	3.4	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	90	225	0.7	0.4	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	700	45	655	1.6	0.2	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	545	170	380	1.3	0.8	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	405	80	325	0.9	0.4	1.4
45. Social sciences	635	325	320	1.5	1.6	1.4
Business, management and public administration	7,525	2,670	4,855	17.3	12.8	21.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	400	75	330	0.9	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,125	2,590	4,530	16.3	12.4	20.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	785	440	345	1.8	2.1	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	300	125	175	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	185	135	50	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	170	105	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,265	925	345	2.9	4.4	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,110	860	250	2.5	4.1	1.1
25. Library science	90	10	70	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,615	6,025	590	15.2	28.8	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	185	70	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
14. Engineering	935	805	135	2.1	3.8	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,310	1,140	175	3.0	5.4	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,970	1,910	60	4.5	9.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,265	1,225	40	2.9	5.9	0.2
48. Precision production	940	880	65	2.2	4.2	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	330	170	155	0.8	0.8	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	125	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Health and related fields	4,720	755	3,965	10.8	3.6	17.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	95	140	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,410	635	3,775	10.1	3.0	16.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,665	1,370	1,290	6.1	6.5	5.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,335	250	1,080	3.1	1.2	4.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	760	585	180	1.7	2.8	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	565	535	35	1.3	2.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	43,590	20,930	22,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,715	6,565	6,155	29.2	31.4	27.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,875	14,365	16,510	70.8	68.6	72.9
Location of study inside Canada	28,200	13,020	15,180	64.7	62.2	67.0
Same as province or territory of residence	27,905	12,870	15,035	64.0	61.5	66.4
Different than province or territory of residence	295	145	145	0.7	0.7	0.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,675	1,350	1,330	6.1	6.5	5.9
Americas	705	355	355	1.6	1.7	1.6
United States of America	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	330	170	155	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Europe	570	335	235	1.3	1.6	1.0
Belgium	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	290	165	130	0.7	0.8	0.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	1,285	620	670	2.9	3.0	3.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	715	370	345	1.6	1.8	1.5
Morocco	275	130	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Tunisia	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	210	70	140	0.5	0.3	0.6
Asia	115	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	69,450	33,375	36,075	...	...	...
In the labour force	44,715	22,520	22,195	...	...	...
Employed	42,065	21,145	20,920	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,650	1,380	1,275	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	24,730	10,855	13,875	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.4	67.5	61.5	64.4	67.5	61.5
Employment rate	60.6	63.4	58.0	60.6	63.4	58.0
Unemployment rate	5.9	6.1	5.7	5.9	6.1	5.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	69,450	33,380	36,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,405	10,500	13,905	35.1	31.5	38.6
Worked	45,050	22,875	22,170	64.9	68.5	61.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,745	13,125	11,625	35.6	39.3	32.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,300	9,755	10,545	29.2	29.2	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.5	41.8	42.2	42.5	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	44,715	22,525	22,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	820	385	430	1.8	1.7	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	43,895	22,135	21,765	98.2	98.3	98.1
Employee	39,415	19,445	19,965	88.1	86.3	90.0
Permanent position	33,925	16,960	16,960	75.9	75.3	76.4
Temporary position	5,495	2,485	3,010	12.3	11.0	13.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,715	705	1,010	3.8	3.1	4.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,780	1,785	1,995	8.5	7.9	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,485	2,685	1,795	10.0	11.9	8.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	44,715	22,525	22,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	820	385	430	1.8	1.7	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	43,895	22,135	21,765	98.2	98.3	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	740	590	150	1.7	2.6	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,275	2,655	5,620	18.5	11.8	25.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,855	2,200	655	6.4	9.8	3.0
3 Health occupations	4,615	770	3,845	10.3	3.4	17.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,600	1,515	4,085	12.5	6.7	18.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,005	530	475	2.2	2.4	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	11,040	5,165	5,870	24.7	22.9	26.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,850	7,250	605	17.6	32.2	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	295	240	50	0.7	1.1	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,620	1,220	400	3.6	5.4	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	44,715	22,525	22,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	820	385	430	1.8	1.7	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	43,895	22,135	21,765	98.2	98.3	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	165	110	55	0.4	0.5	0.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130	95	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	415	305	110	0.9	1.4	0.5
23 Construction	4,020	3,480	540	9.0	15.4	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	3,540	2,650	885	7.9	11.8	4.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,485	1,005	485	3.3	4.5	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	6,240	2,895	3,350	14.0	12.9	15.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,250	1,730	520	5.0	7.7	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	780	515	265	1.7	2.3	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,985	750	1,240	4.4	3.3	5.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	690	390	295	1.5	1.7	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,730	1,460	1,265	6.1	6.5	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,570	945	625	3.5	4.2	2.8
61 Educational services	3,580	945	2,635	8.0	4.2	11.9
62 Health care and social assistance	7,375	1,370	6,005	16.5	6.1	27.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	565	265	300	1.3	1.2	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	2,040	880	1,160	4.6	3.9	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,740	885	855	3.9	3.9	3.9
91 Public administration	2,575	1,450	1,130	5.8	6.4	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	47,420	24,000	23,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	685	450	240	1.4	1.9	1.0
French	37,355	18,100	19,255	78.8	75.4	82.2
Non-official language	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	8,875	5,225	3,645	18.7	21.8	15.6
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	165	60	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	155	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	47,420	24,000	23,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	45,935	23,110	22,825	96.9	96.3	97.5
Official languages	45,870	23,105	22,770	96.7	96.3	97.2
English	1,800	1,135	660	3.8	4.7	2.8
French	44,075	21,965	22,105	92.9	91.5	94.4
Non-official languages	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,480	890	590	3.1	3.7	2.5
English and French	1,400	835	565	3.0	3.5	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	47,420	24,000	23,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	39,475	19,400	20,075	83.2	80.8	85.7
English	6,465	3,750	2,710	13.6	15.6	11.6
French	1,100	670	435	2.3	2.8	1.9
Non-official language	160	65	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	160	65	95	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	160	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	42,060	21,145	20,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,930	3,095	3,835	16.5	14.6	18.3
Worked outside Canada	50	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,295	3,985	1,310	12.6	18.8	6.3
Usual place of work	29,785	14,020	15,760	70.8	66.3	75.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,785	14,020	15,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,600	3,535	6,065	32.2	25.2	38.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,315	610	705	4.4	4.4	4.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	18,830	9,850	8,980	63.2	70.3	57.0
Commute to a different province or territory	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,080	18,005	17,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,550	16,605	14,945	89.9	92.2	87.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,150	16,065	14,080	85.9	89.2	82.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,400	540	860	4.0	3.0	5.0
Public transit	1,830	650	1,180	5.2	3.6	6.9
Walked	1,075	400	680	3.1	2.2	4.0
Bicycle	205	155	50	0.6	0.9	0.3
Other method	415	200	220	1.2	1.1	1.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,080	18,005	17,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,195	3,165	5,030	23.4	17.6	29.5
15 to 29 minutes	10,290	5,145	5,150	29.3	28.6	30.2
30 to 44 minutes	8,840	5,235	3,605	25.2	29.1	21.1
45 to 59 minutes	3,950	2,335	1,620	11.3	13.0	9.5
60 minutes and over	3,805	2,130	1,675	10.8	11.8	9.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,080	18,005	17,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,090	3,255	840	11.7	18.1	4.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,845	3,900	2,945	19.5	21.7	17.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,430	3,495	4,930	24.0	19.4	28.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	5,960	2,290	3,670	17.0	12.7	21.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,185	1,285	1,900	9.1	7.1	11.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,575	3,780	2,795	18.7	21.0	16.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,955	9,715	9,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,990	1,040	950	10.5	10.7	10.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,960	8,675	8,290	89.5	89.3	89.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,480	7,380	7,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,530	795	740	10.6	10.8	10.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,090	555	535	7.5	7.5	7.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	445	240	205	3.1	3.3	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,950	6,585	6,365	89.4	89.2	89.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 17, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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