Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Rocky View County, Municipal district (MD)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	41,028	...	...
Population, 2016¹	39,407^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	14,714	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	13,905	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	10.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,828.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	41,030	20,865	20,160
0 to 14 years	7,065	3,675	3,385
0 to 4 years	1,515	760	750
5 to 9 years	2,440	1,270	1,175
10 to 14 years	3,110	1,645	1,465
15 to 64 years	26,605	13,410	13,195
15 to 19 years	3,050	1,615	1,435
20 to 24 years	2,320	1,265	1,055
25 to 29 years	1,395	730	665
30 to 34 years	1,520	745	775
35 to 39 years	2,080	980	1,100
40 to 44 years	2,640	1,280	1,365
45 to 49 years	2,985	1,480	1,510
50 to 54 years	3,365	1,665	1,695
55 to 59 years	3,635	1,815	1,820
60 to 64 years	3,605	1,835	1,775
65 years and over	7,360	3,785	3,575
65 to 69 years	2,805	1,450	1,360
70 to 74 years	1,980	1,070	910
75 to 79 years	1,235	645	590
80 to 84 years	685	345	340
85 years and over	650	270	380
85 to 89 years	410	185	225
90 to 94 years	185	70	115
95 to 99 years	50	10	45
100 years and over	5	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.2	17.6	16.8
15 to 64 years	64.8	64.3	65.5
65 years and over	17.9	18.1	17.7
85 years and over	1.6	1.3	1.9
Average age of the population	42.4	42.1	42.8
Median age of the population	45.6	45.6	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	13,905	...	...
Single-detached house	12,975	...	...
Semi-detached house	585	...	...
Row house	125	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	150	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	13,905	...	...
1 person	1,785	...	...
2 persons	5,435	...	...
3 persons	2,080	...	...
4 persons	2,680	...	...
5 or more persons	1,925	...	...
Number of persons in private households	40,460	20,665	19,800
Average household size	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	33,965	17,190	16,770
Married or living common-law	23,385	11,695	11,690
Married	21,200	10,600	10,595
Living common-law	2,190	1,095	1,090
Living common law - Never married	1,295	650	645
Living common law - Separated	80	50	30
Living common law - Divorced	755	360	390
Living common law - Widowed	65	35	30
Not married and not living common-law	10,575	5,490	5,080
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,605	4,275	3,325
Not married and not living common law - Separated	480	240	245
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,195	630	570
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,295	355	940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,355	...	...
2 persons	6,000	...	...
3 persons	2,195	...	...
4 persons	2,690	...	...
5 or more persons	1,475	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,360	...	...
Total couple families	11,505	...	...
Married couples	10,415	...	...
With children⁶	5,600	...	...
Without children	4,810	...	...
Common-law couples	1,095	...	...
With children⁶	410	...	...
Without children	685	...	...
Total one-parent families	855	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	530	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	320	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	40,460	20,665	19,800
Total - Persons in census families	37,275	19,050	18,225
Married spouses or common-law partners	23,015	11,510	11,505
Parents in one-parent families	850	320	535
Children⁶	13,415	7,220	6,195
In a two-parent family	12,070	6,465	5,605
In a one-parent family	1,340	755	590
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,185	1,615	1,570
Living alone	1,785	940	845
Living with other relatives⁷	635	245	390
Living with non-relatives only	765	430	335
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	13,905	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,775	...	...
Couple-family households	10,160	...	...
With children⁶	5,290	...	...
Without children	4,875	...	...
One-parent-family households	620	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	565	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	130	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	390	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	250	...	...
One-person households	1,790	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	33,450	17,015	16,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,800	16,230	15,575
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	66,000	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,820	16,240	15,585
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	56,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,965	15,465	14,500
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	63,200	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,280	12,400	10,880
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	57,600	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,925	13,430	12,500
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	4,840	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,985	925	1,060
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,760	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,810	3,770	4,040
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	33,445	16,980	16,465
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,730	16,120	15,610
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	100,200	136,200	62,950
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,750	16,125	15,625
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	75,400	99,000	51,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,930	15,435	14,495
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	98,400	135,000	59,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,385	12,470	10,915
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	86,200	117,000	50,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,835	13,270	12,565
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,050	8,410	9,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,130	1,015	1,115
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,250	7,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,635	3,690	3,945
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,880	8,730	9,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	33,440	16,975	16,465
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,855	6,595	4,260
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	88,000	102,000	70,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	139,400	173,200	86,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,995	4,115	4,880
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	20,600	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,000	60,150	28,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.6	95.0	87.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.4	66.4	56.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	7.4	5.1	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.3	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.4	1.6	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.1	1.5	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	33,455	17,020	16,435
Without total income	1,655	790	860
With total income	31,800	16,225	15,575
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,495	1,450	2,045
$10,000 to $19,999	3,120	1,240	1,880
$20,000 to $29,999	3,745	1,630	2,115
$30,000 to $39,999	2,775	1,145	1,630
$40,000 to $49,999	2,365	1,085	1,280
$50,000 to $59,999	2,080	960	1,120
$60,000 to $69,999	1,890	945	945
$70,000 to $79,999	1,495	785	710
$80,000 to $89,999	1,300	710	590
$90,000 to $99,999	1,255	685	575
$100,000 and over	8,270	5,585	2,685
$100,000 to $149,999	3,550	2,115	1,440
$150,000 and over	4,715	3,475	1,245
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	33,455	17,020	16,435
Without after-tax income	1,630	780	850
With after-tax income	31,825	16,235	15,585
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,770	1,565	2,205
$10,000 to $19,999	3,245	1,295	1,955
$20,000 to $29,999	4,110	1,780	2,330
$30,000 to $39,999	3,270	1,405	1,865
$40,000 to $49,999	2,760	1,290	1,470
$50,000 to $59,999	2,480	1,200	1,275
$60,000 to $69,999	1,965	1,070	890
$70,000 to $79,999	1,660	910	750
$80,000 to $89,999	1,400	775	630
$90,000 to $99,999	1,095	630	460
$100,000 and over	6,080	4,320	1,760
$100,000 to $124,999	1,830	1,170	665
$125,000 and over	4,250	3,155	1,100
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	33,455	17,020	16,435
Without employment income	10,175	4,620	5,560
With employment income	23,275	12,395	10,880
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,960	1,935	2,025
$5,000 to $9,999	1,875	840	1,040
$10,000 to $19,999	2,475	1,080	1,395
$20,000 to $29,999	1,715	795	925
$30,000 to $39,999	1,340	565	775
$40,000 to $49,999	1,240	590	645
$50,000 to $59,999	1,205	550	655
$60,000 to $69,999	1,160	570	590
$70,000 to $79,999	910	495	415
$80,000 to $89,999	835	445	395
$90,000 to $99,999	840	450	395
$100,000 and over	5,710	4,085	1,625
$100,000 to $124,999	1,525	890	630
$125,000 and over	4,185	3,195	995
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	33,450	17,015	16,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,860	15,720	15,140
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,600	71,000	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,890	15,725	15,155
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	59,600	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,370	15,110	14,260
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,200	69,500	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,135	12,300	10,830
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	62,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,060	12,690	11,370
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,110	960	2,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,360	600	765
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,400	5,520	7,350
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	33,445	16,980	16,465
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,880	15,605	15,275
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	108,500	151,400	64,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,905	15,615	15,295
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	79,800	107,600	51,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,290	14,995	14,300
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	109,400	153,000	63,550
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,120	12,265	10,855
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	93,500	128,600	53,850
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,980	12,500	11,480
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,125	5,575	6,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,345	575	765
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,510	6,800	9,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	33,440	16,975	16,465
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,715	6,530	4,180
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	87,000	103,000	68,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	140,000	175,200	85,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,445	3,825	4,620
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	29,800	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	56,650	81,400	36,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.6	97.0	92.2
Employment income (%)	64.6	66.6	59.3
Government transfers (%)	4.4	3.0	7.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.3	0.2	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	13,905	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,120	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	13,905	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	228,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	172,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,775	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	91,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,135	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	248,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	187,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	13,905	...	...
Under $5,000	120	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	120	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	165	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	190	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	180	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	215	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	235	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	520	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	500	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	585	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,585	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,370	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,060	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,915	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	13,905	...	...
Under $5,000	185	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	125	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	170	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	215	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	245	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	270	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	315	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	585	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	715	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	710	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	710	...	...
$100,000 and over	8,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,645	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,505	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,505	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,940	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,980	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,005	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	202,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	740	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,550	1,370	1,180
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	52,400	50,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	45,600	43,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,965	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	249,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	187,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,100	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	208,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	159,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,950	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	298,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	220,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	705	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	114,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,480	1,285	1,190
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	78,500	87,200	69,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,100	66,800	57,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	40,465	20,665	19,800
0 to 17 years	8,875	4,645	4,235
0 to 5 years	1,925	965	960
18 to 64 years	24,560	12,335	12,225
65 years and over	7,025	3,690	3,340
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,330	1,210	1,115
0 to 17 years	555	295	260
0 to 5 years	120	55	65
18 to 64 years	1,385	715	665
65 years and over	385	200	185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.8	5.9	5.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.4	6.1
0 to 5 years (%)	6.1	5.6	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.6	5.8	5.5
65 years and over (%)	5.5	5.4	5.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	40,460	20,665	19,800
0 to 17 years	8,875	4,640	4,235
0 to 5 years	1,925	965	960
18 to 64 years	24,560	12,330	12,225
65 years and over	7,030	3,690	3,340
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,015	540	480
0 to 17 years	235	120	110
0 to 5 years	50	20	25
18 to 64 years	670	355	315
65 years and over	115	60	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.6	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.6	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.4	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	2.9	2.6
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.7	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	40,465	20,665	19,795
In bottom half of the distribution	10,330	5,240	5,095
In bottom decile	2,170	1,125	1,040
In second decile	1,745	885	860
In third decile	1,880	970	910
In fourth decile	2,045	1,025	1,025
In fifth decile	2,490	1,230	1,260
In top half of the distribution	30,130	15,430	14,705
In sixth decile	2,975	1,490	1,480
In seventh decile	3,180	1,650	1,530
In eighth decile	4,435	2,250	2,180
In ninth decile	5,735	2,925	2,810
In top decile	13,805	7,110	6,695
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	40,460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.474	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.526	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.417	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	40,865	20,825	20,035
English only	37,675	19,390	18,285
French only	15	10	5
English and French	2,875	1,315	1,560
Neither English nor French	295	115	180
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	40,865	20,825	20,035
English	40,055	20,455	19,605
French	455	230	225
English and French	65	30	30
Neither English nor French	285	110	180
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	40,865	20,825	20,035
Single responses	40,080	20,430	19,655
Official languages	34,590	17,730	16,860
English	34,115	17,485	16,630
French	475	240	230
Non-official languages	5,495	2,700	2,795
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,490	2,690	2,790
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	105	80
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	180	105	80
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	170	90	75
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	40	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5
Vietnamese	70	35	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	155	55	105
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Cebuano	15	10	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0
Indonesian	5	0	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	120	45	75
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	10
Tamil	10	10	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,200	2,090	2,110
Albanian	10	5	0
Armenian	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	615	285	330
Baltic languages	5	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	5	5	5
Slavic languages	605	280	320
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	0
Czech	65	30	35
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	190	90	100
Russian	105	45	60
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	120	55	65
Bosnian	25	10	20
Croatian	75	40	40
Serbian	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10
Ukrainian	80	40	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Celtic languages	5	5	5
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	5	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	980	500	480
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	640	320	320
German	610	305	305
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	30	15	15
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	280	150	135
Afrikaans	55	30	25
Dutch	215	115	105
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	55	35	20
Danish	40	25	20
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5
Swedish	10	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Greek	45	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	1,945	955	985
Indo-Aryan languages	1,850	910	945
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	5
Gujarati	60	25	35
Hindi	125	55	65
Kacchi	15	10	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	10	5	5
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,415	690	725
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0
Urdu	195	100	95
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	95	50	45
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	5	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	20	10	10
Persian languages	75	40	35
Dari	5	5	5
Iranian Persian	50	25	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	600	315	285
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	190	110	80
Portuguese	70	40	25
Romanian	85	45	40
Spanish	260	125	135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	25	10	15
Korean	90	40	50
Mongolian	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	15	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	5	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	5	0
American Sign Language	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	535	245	290
Chinese languages	535	245	290
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	305	140	160
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	200	90	115
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20
Lao	10	5	5
Thai	15	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	10	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	105	60	50
Estonian	5	5	5
Finnish	20	5	5
Hungarian	85	50	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	780	395	385
English and French	105	50	55
English and non-official language(s)	625	325	305
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	40,865	20,825	20,035
English	35,300	18,105	17,195
French	90	50	40
Non-official language	1,370	665	705
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,370	660	705
English and French	320	145	175
English and non-official language(s)	3,610	1,785	1,820
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	40	65
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	40,865	20,825	20,035
Single responses	40,025	20,410	19,610
Official languages	37,410	19,105	18,305
English	37,285	19,040	18,240
French	125	70	60
Non-official languages	2,610	1,305	1,305
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,610	1,305	1,305
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	70	35	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	65	35	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	35	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	45	25	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,000	1,000	1,000
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	150	70	85
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	150	70	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	20	5	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	50	25	25
Russian	35	15	20
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	10
Bosnian	10	5	5
Croatian	15	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	280	135	140
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	190	95	95
German	180	90	90
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	45	40
Afrikaans	45	25	25
Dutch	40	20	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	15	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,330	665	670
Indo-Aryan languages	1,290	635	650
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	15	10	10
Gujarati	25	10	15
Hindi	65	30	35
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,040	515	525
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0
Urdu	140	80	65
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	25	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	20	20
Dari	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	225	125	105
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	20	10	15
Portuguese	30	15	10
Romanian	35	25	15
Spanish	140	75	70
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	60	25	30
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	5
American Sign Language	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	155	155
Chinese languages	305	155	155
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	215	105	110
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	10
Lao	5	0	5
Thai	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	30	20	15
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	840	415	430
English and French	50	30	20
English and non-official language(s)	790	380	410
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	40,860	20,825	20,035
None	37,475	19,170	18,305
English	1,075	555	515
French	260	110	150
Non-official language	1,700	825	880
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,700	820	880
English and French	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	125	65	60
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	150	75	80
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	40,465	20,645	19,815
Official languages	40,170	20,525	19,645
English	40,150	20,510	19,645
French	2,805	1,225	1,590
Non-official languages	7,715	3,780	3,935
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,705	3,775	3,930
Afro-Asiatic languages	375	215	165
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	375	215	165
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	350	200	155
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	35	20	15
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	80	95
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15
Vietnamese	155	75	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	200	65	135
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	15	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	140	45	95
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30
Creole languages	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	20	10	15
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5,890	2,915	2,970
Albanian	10	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	810	380	430
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	810	375	430
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	80	45	40
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	265	125	140
Russian	215	110	105
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	115	60	50
Bosnian	15	0	10
Croatian	90	50	45
Serbian	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	45	15	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	0	20
Ukrainian	120	60	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,295	665	635
Frisian	15	0	0
High German languages	920	475	440
German	895	470	425
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	35	10	20
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	400	205	195
Afrikaans	55	30	25
Dutch	345	175	170
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	65	35	25
Danish	55	30	20
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0
Swedish	10	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	80	55	25
Indo-Iranian languages	2,405	1,225	1,180
Indo-Aryan languages	2,290	1,160	1,135
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	15
Gujarati	60	30	25
Hindi	535	285	255
Kacchi	10	10	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	15	10	10
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,855	935	915
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	330	180	145
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	125	80	50
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	25	10	15
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	105	65	45
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	75	45	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,485	695	790
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	320	155	160
Portuguese	85	40	50
Romanian	100	60	45
Spanish	1,085	495	590
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	65	30	35
Korean	105	40	65
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	130	80	50
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	10	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	40	20	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	20	15	10
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	40	25	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0
Sign languages	85	35	50
American Sign Language	70	25	45
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	675	310	360
Chinese languages	670	310	360
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	465	215	250
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	220	100	125
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20
Lao	20	10	10
Thai	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	25	20	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	25	20	10
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	135	60	75
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	15	10	0
Hungarian	125	50	75
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,465	20,650	19,815
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,245	580	670
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,190	560	635
First Nations (North American Indian)	375	195	175
Métis	805	360	450
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	20	25
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	10
Non-Indigenous identity	39,215	20,065	19,150
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,465	20,650	19,815
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	230	95	135
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	40,235	20,555	19,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	13,905	...	...
Owner	12,805	...	...
Renter	1,100	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	13,905	...	...
Condominium	995	...	...
Not condominium	12,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	13,905	...	...
No bedrooms	40	...	...
1 bedroom	255	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,010	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,590	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,010	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	13,905	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	735	...	...
5 rooms	1,115	...	...
6 rooms	1,640	...	...
7 rooms	1,805	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,605	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	13,905	...	...
One person or fewer per room	13,785	...	...
More than one person per room	120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	13,905	...	...
Suitable	13,640	...	...
Not suitable	265	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	13,905	...	...
1960 or before	890	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,395	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,340	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,435	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,800	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,640	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,330	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,080	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	13,905	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	13,210	...	...
Major repairs needed	695	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	13,905	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,350	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,880	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	675	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	13,905	...	...
15 to 24 years	70	...	...
25 to 34 years	675	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,150	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,300	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,805	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,490	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,150	...	...
85 years and over	265	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	13,190	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,925	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,260	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,895	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	13,905	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,025	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,100	...	...
Not suitable only	210	...	...
Major repairs needed only	515	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	10,880	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	12,815	...	...
In core need	515	...	...
Not in core need	12,310	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,200	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,276	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,033,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,055	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,768	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	40,460	20,650	19,815
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	300	140	155
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	295	140	155
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	125	65	60
Métis single ancestry	165	75	90
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,210	530	685
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,180	510	675
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	515	235	275
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	665	265	400
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	38,950	19,980	18,970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	40,460	20,650	19,815
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	39,185	20,060	19,130
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,845	4,730	4,115
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	30,335	15,325	15,015
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,280	590	690
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	40,460	20,650	19,815
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	33,700	17,330	16,370
Immigrants⁸¹	6,610	3,240	3,370
Before 1980	1,985	1,050	940
1980 to 1990	1,080	500	580
1991 to 2000	1,135	570	565
2001 to 2010	1,465	720	740
2011 to 2021⁸²	950	405	545
2011 to 2015	565	245	320
2016 to 2021	380	155	230
Non-permanent residents⁸³	155	85	75
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,610	3,240	3,370
Under 5 years	570	275	300
5 to 14 years	1,285	650	630
15 to 24 years	1,545	765	780
25 to 44 years	2,580	1,240	1,335
45 years and over	635	310	325
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,610	3,240	3,370
Americas	835	340	500
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	40	15	25
El Salvador	20	10	10
Guyana	15	10	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	55	30	25
Mexico	55	15	45
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10
United States of America	485	180	305
Other places of birth in Americas	150	80	75
Europe	2,615	1,340	1,275
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0
Croatia	50	25	30
France	0	0	0
Germany	295	125	170
Greece	40	35	10
Hungary	50	30	25
Italy	115	75	40
Netherlands	265	145	120
Poland	150	65	85
Portugal	45	15	25
Romania	55	20	30
Russian Federation	50	20	30
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0
Ukraine	40	20	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,070	570	500
Other places of birth in Europe	350	185	170
Africa	435	255	180
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	30	15	15
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	90	55	30
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	115	75	45
Other places of birth in Africa	180	95	85
Asia	2,605	1,240	1,365
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	75	40	30
Iraq	15	10	0
Lebanon	85	45	45
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	10
Turkey	15	0	10
China⁹⁰	310	140	170
Hong Kong⁹¹	75	20	50
Korea, South⁹²	70	30	40
Taiwan	45	20	20
Philippines	120	45	75
Viet Nam	125	65	60
Bangladesh	25	10	15
India	1,115	545	570
Pakistan	225	115	110
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	270	120	155
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	120	70	55
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	380	155	230
Americas	140	55	85
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	30	15	20
United States of America	70	25	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	0	20
Europe	115	55	60
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	30
Other places of birth in Europe	15	10	10
Africa	25	20	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	100	25	80
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	40	10	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	25	0	20
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	10
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	40,465	20,650	19,815
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,280	3,580	3,700
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,775	3,945	3,830
Third generation or more¹⁰²	25,410	13,125	12,285
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,625	2,195	2,430
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,540	1,285	1,255
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	995	730	260
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,550	555	995
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,695	690	1,005
Refugees¹⁰⁸	375	215	160
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,625	2,195	2,430
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	80	40
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	725	400	325
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	200	110	90
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	205	85	120
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	10	35
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,335	1,515	1,820
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	40,465	20,650	19,815
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,790	2,910	2,885
South Asian	2,715	1,405	1,310
Chinese	840	395	445
Black	505	295	210
Filipino	200	65	130
Arab	370	210	155
Latin American	195	65	130
Southeast Asian	360	180	175
West Asian	85	60	25
Korean	145	60	85
Japanese	120	45	70
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	0	25
Multiple visible minorities	225	110	115
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	34,675	17,740	16,930
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	40,460	20,645	19,815
Canadian	6,035	3,165	2,865
English	9,460	4,760	4,700
Irish	6,330	3,130	3,200
Scottish	8,465	4,300	4,165
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,115	1,515	1,600
German	7,320	3,690	3,620
Chinese	835	405	430
Italian	1,185	575	610
Indian (India)	1,640	855	785
Ukrainian	3,230	1,585	1,645
Dutch	2,400	1,205	1,195
Polish	1,905	985	920
Québécois	50	40	15
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,310	1,190	1,120
Filipino	200	70	130
French Canadian	240	120	115
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	660	325	335
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	385	200	190
Métis	865	360	510
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	735	415	320
Russian	1,205	585	625
Norwegian	1,640	795	845
Welsh	795	390	410
Portuguese	170	65	105
American	945	485	465
Spanish	210	95	120
Swedish	945	445	505
Hungarian	705	320	380
Acadian	115	55	60
Pakistani	275	145	125
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	160	75	90
Jewish	150	65	85
Punjabi	440	220	225
Vietnamese	240	140	105
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	150	95	55
Greek	300	180	120
Jamaican	120	55	60
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	150	70	80
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	80	25	60
Korean	160	70	90
Romanian	335	160	170
Lebanese	330	140	195
Iranian	80	40	40
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	225	115	110
Danish	780	380	400
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	70	45	30
Sikh	395	205	190
Austrian	585	255	330
Belgian	385	180	210
Haitian	30	15	15
Hindu	100	45	55
Mexican	115	50	65
Mennonite	265	165	95
Swiss	430	225	200
Finnish	190	95	95
Sri Lankan	20	10	0
Croatian	220	120	105
Japanese	165	60	100
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	60	30	25
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	0	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	310	150	160
Muslim	70	35	35
Egyptian	55	30	30
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	60	25
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	260	125	135
Colombian	40	10	25
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	335	190	145
Syrian	50	20	25
Guyanese	15	10	10
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	25	10	15
Ojibway	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	50	35	15
Hong Konger	40	10	30
Ontarian	40	15	25
Persian	25	20	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	15
Turkish	50	35	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	20	10	0
Nigerian	50	40	15
Armenian	25	15	15
Slovak	135	40	95
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	125	50	80
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	35	15	30
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	30	10	20
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	25	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	30	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	10	0
Lithuanian	60	55	0
South African	75	40	35
Australian	125	45	75
Palestinian	45	25	20
Chilean	60	40	20
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	20	10	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	20	25
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	30	15	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	100	35	65
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	45	25
New Brunswicker	15	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	205	150	65
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	215	110	105
Ghanaian	25	20	10
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	50	25	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	20
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	10
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	25	10	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	40	30	10
Bengali	20	10	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	30	10	20
Indonesian	55	20	40
Laotian	20	10	10
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	80	55	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	10	40
British Columbian	10	0	10
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	20	10	15
Estonian	25	0	20
Kurdish	20	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	15	20
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	25	0	20
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	35	25	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	20
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	30	15	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10
New Zealander	35	20	15
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	15
Malaysian	25	15	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	60	25	30
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	15	0	15
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	30	20	10
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	30	15	15
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	40,465	20,650	19,815
Buddhist	160	80	80
Christian	19,940	9,875	10,065
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,550	2,270	2,280
Anabaptist	95	40	55
Anglican	1,500	715	785
Baptist	500	245	260
Catholic	6,845	3,450	3,395
Christian Orthodox	275	125	150
Jehovah's Witness	100	45	50
Latter Day Saints	365	180	180
Lutheran	925	475	450
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	45	70
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	145	70	80
Presbyterian	360	165	185
Reformed	200	105	90
United Church	2,340	1,135	1,205
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,635	800	840
Hindu	260	125	135
Jewish	180	60	125
Muslim	865	450	415
Sikh	1,805	905	900
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	15	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	190	85	105
No religion and secular perspectives	17,035	9,055	7,985
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	40,260	20,535	19,725
Non-movers	36,720	18,825	17,900
Movers	3,535	1,715	1,825
Non-migrants	1,640	785	860
Migrants	1,890	925	965
Internal migrants	1,645	805	835
Intraprovincial migrants	1,345	665	680
Interprovincial migrants	300	145	155
External migrants	250	115	130
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	39,035	19,925	19,110
Non-movers	26,575	13,720	12,855
Movers	12,455	6,205	6,250
Non-migrants	1,670	890	775
Migrants	10,785	5,315	5,475
Internal migrants	10,120	4,995	5,125
Intraprovincial migrants	9,185	4,545	4,640
Interprovincial migrants	935	450	485
External migrants	665	315	350
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,440	16,975	16,465
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,530	2,705	1,830
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,910	14,275	14,635
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,080	10,410	10,665
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,490	915	580
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,585	9,495	10,090
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,445	16,980	16,465
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,945	2,265	1,680
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,870	4,105	4,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,625	10,605	10,020
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,995	5,240	4,755
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,885	2,265	620
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	770	385	385
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,115	1,885	235
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,255	2,610	3,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	855	360	495
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,635	5,360	5,270
Bachelor's degree	7,130	3,415	3,715
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	520	220	295
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	515	310	210
Master's degree	2,135	1,185	945
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	335	240	100
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,075	10,410	10,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,185	685	505
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,825	2,290	2,530
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,065	7,435	7,630
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,230	3,735	3,495
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,045	1,615	430
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	505	255	250
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,535	1,355	180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,595	1,865	2,725
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	595	255	345
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,835	3,705	4,135
Bachelor's degree	5,260	2,355	2,905
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	360	140	220
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	215	180
Master's degree	1,610	850	765
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	210	140	70
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,440	16,975	16,465
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,815	6,375	6,440
Education	1,290	250	1,040
13. Education	1,290	250	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	365	90	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	20	15
50. Visual and performing arts	330	65	260
Humanities	700	230	465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	25
23. English language and literature/letters	155	20	140
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	250	80	170
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	50	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	50	65
54. History	65	30	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,890	715	1,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	200	90	115
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	215	10	205
22. Legal professions and studies	440	175	270
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	25	20
42. Psychology	285	60	230
45. Social sciences	680	360	325
Business, management and public administration	4,740	2,060	2,680
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	135	30	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,595	2,020	2,575
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,240	675	570
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	380	130	240
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	290	165	120
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	25
40. Physical sciences	500	350	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	15	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	665	465	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	535	405	130
25. Library science	30	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	45	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,160	4,635	525
04. Architecture and related services	135	105	35
14. Engineering	1,565	1,275	295
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,070	925	145
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	930	910	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	960	945	15
48. Precision production	500	485	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	830	485	340
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	635	365	270
03. Natural resources and conservation	190	120	70
Health and related fields	2,900	650	2,245
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	235	95	140
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,500	460	2,045
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	15	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	85	55
Personal, protective and transportation services	850	355	500
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	490	75	420
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	200	120	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	155	155	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	21,075	10,410	10,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,010	2,975	3,035
Education	775	115	665
13. Education	775	115	665
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	270	60	210
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	10
50. Visual and performing arts	255	55	200
Humanities	505	160	350
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	125	15	110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	65	120
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	30	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	35	45
54. History	45	15	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,495	515	980
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	75	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	175	10	160
22. Legal professions and studies	370	130	240
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	25	15
42. Psychology	215	35	180
45. Social sciences	510	240	270
Business, management and public administration	3,710	1,555	2,155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	15	85
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,610	1,540	2,065
Physical and life sciences and technologies	790	385	405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	80	150
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	190	95	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	0	25
40. Physical sciences	310	195	120
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	550	405	145
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	460	350	110
25. Library science	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	45	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,590	3,175	415
04. Architecture and related services	90	55	30
14. Engineering	1,060	825	240
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	750	640	110
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	685	665	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	630	620	0
48. Precision production	370	365	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615	315	295
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	465	235	230
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	80	65
Health and related fields	2,130	485	1,645
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	65	95
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,865	355	1,515
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	60	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	625	260	365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	340	45	295
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	160	90	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	120	120	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	21,075	10,410	10,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,010	2,975	3,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	15,065	7,435	7,630
Location of study inside Canada	12,820	6,345	6,475
Same as province or territory of residence	9,195	4,505	4,680
Different than province or territory of residence	3,625	1,840	1,790
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,245	1,095	1,155
Americas	690	325	365
United States of America	605	295	315
Mexico	30	0	20
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	0	10
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Americas	20	15	10
Europe	820	450	375
Belgium	25	10	0
France	10	0	0
Germany	60	35	25
Netherlands	50	30	20
Switzerland	25	15	10
Hungary	20	0	15
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0	10
Poland	20	10	15
Romania	20	10	15
Russian Federation	25	10	15
Ukraine	25	10	15
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	450	265	185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	20	30
Africa	75	50	20
Nigeria	20	15	10
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	45	30	10
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	580	215	365
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	10
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	15	15	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	140	50	85
Taiwan	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15
Philippines	45	0	40
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	15	0	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	190	80	115
Pakistan	60	30	30
Other locations of study in Asia	50	10	35
Oceania	80	55	25
Australia	75	50	25
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	33,445	16,980	16,465
In the labour force	21,885	11,950	9,935
Employed	19,850	10,765	9,085
Unemployed	2,040	1,180	860
Not in the labour force	11,560	5,030	6,530
Participation rate	65.4	70.4	60.3
Employment rate	59.4	63.4	55.2
Unemployment rate	9.3	9.9	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	33,445	16,975	16,465
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,665	5,185	6,480
Worked	21,780	11,795	9,990
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,595	7,050	4,545
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,190	4,745	5,445
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	42.3	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	21,885	11,945	9,935
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	585	305	275
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,300	11,640	9,660
Employee	14,890	7,740	7,150
Permanent position	12,215	6,525	5,690
Temporary position	2,675	1,215	1,465
Fixed term (1 year or more)	580	240	335
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,100	970	1,130
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,410	3,905	2,510
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	21,885	11,945	9,935
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	585	305	275
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,300	11,640	9,660
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	875	700	175
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,270	1,275	3,000
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,085	1,545	540
3 Health occupations	1,750	500	1,250
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,985	760	1,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	510	175	335
6 Sales and service occupations	3,890	1,755	2,140
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,690	3,330	365
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,745	1,225	525
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	485	375	110
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	21,885	11,945	9,935
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	585	305	275
All industries¹⁹¹	21,300	11,640	9,660
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,225	740	485
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,405	1,010	395
22 Utilities	270	160	110
23 Construction	2,350	1,875	470
31-33 Manufacturing	865	575	290
41 Wholesale trade	760	480	275
44-45 Retail trade	1,820	825	990
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,080	785	300
51 Information and cultural industries	220	140	80
52 Finance and insurance	805	365	435
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	545	330	220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,545	1,415	1,125
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	85	55
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	960	555	400
61 Educational services	1,045	225	820
62 Health care and social assistance	2,150	515	1,635
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	565	265	295
72 Accommodation and food services	815	330	485
81 Other services (except public administration)	935	495	440
91 Public administration	815	465	345
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	23,585	12,720	10,865
English	22,890	12,385	10,505
French	35	0	30
Non-official language	95	45	50
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	95	45	50
English and French	145	50	95
English and non-official language(s)	415	235	180
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	23,585	12,720	10,865
Single responses	23,465	12,655	10,815
Official languages	23,295	12,565	10,730
English	23,245	12,560	10,685
French	50	0	45
Non-official languages	170	85	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	85	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	120	65	50
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	35	35
Indo-Aryan languages	75	35	35
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	15	10	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	30	30
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	25	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	30	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	0	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	25
Chinese languages	35	15	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	0	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	120	70	55
English and French	15	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	105	70	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	23,585	12,720	10,865
None	23,120	12,495	10,630
English	80	30	50
French	110	50	65
Non-official language	200	100	100
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	195	100	90
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	35	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	19,850	10,765	9,080
Worked at home	6,895	3,370	3,525
Worked outside Canada	60	40	20
No fixed workplace address	2,945	2,170	780
Usual place of work	9,950	5,195	4,760
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	9,950	5,190	4,760
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,185	1,120	1,060
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,240	3,730	3,510
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	365	225	145
Commute to a different province or territory	165	120	45
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	12,895	7,360	5,535
Car, truck or van	12,035	6,820	5,210
Car, truck or van - as a driver	11,565	6,660	4,900
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	470	165	310
Public transit	140	100	40
Walked	335	180	155
Bicycle	35	30	0
Other method	350	225	120
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	12,895	7,360	5,535
Less than 15 minutes	2,205	1,070	1,135
15 to 29 minutes	4,625	2,465	2,160
30 to 44 minutes	4,035	2,475	1,565
45 to 59 minutes	1,260	810	450
60 minutes and over	775	545	230
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	12,895	7,360	5,535
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	830	650	185
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,520	1,730	795
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,770	2,160	1,610
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,550	1,350	1,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,860	770	1,085
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,360	705	655
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	9,110	4,770	4,340
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	635	335	300
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,475	4,435	4,040
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	7,490	3,955	3,535
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	520	270	250
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	220	115	105
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300	155	150
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,970	3,685	3,285

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 9, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table