Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Sarnia, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	72,047	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	71,594	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.6	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	33,902	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	32,188	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	439.6	...	...	439.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	163.90	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	72,045	35,105	36,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10,575	5,275	5,295	14.7	15.0	14.3
0 to 4 years	3,310	1,695	1,610	4.6	4.8	4.4
5 to 9 years	3,515	1,735	1,775	4.9	4.9	4.8
10 to 14 years	3,750	1,845	1,910	5.2	5.3	5.2
15 to 64 years	43,790	21,805	21,985	60.8	62.1	59.5
15 to 19 years	3,565	1,825	1,740	4.9	5.2	4.7
20 to 24 years	3,945	2,025	1,915	5.5	5.8	5.2
25 to 29 years	4,610	2,455	2,160	6.4	7.0	5.8
30 to 34 years	4,490	2,295	2,190	6.2	6.5	5.9
35 to 39 years	4,250	2,115	2,135	5.9	6.0	5.8
40 to 44 years	3,925	1,920	2,005	5.4	5.5	5.4
45 to 49 years	3,945	1,940	2,010	5.5	5.5	5.4
50 to 54 years	4,150	2,050	2,100	5.8	5.8	5.7
55 to 59 years	5,145	2,435	2,705	7.1	6.9	7.3
60 to 64 years	5,770	2,745	3,025	8.0	7.8	8.2
65 years and over	17,680	8,015	9,665	24.5	22.8	26.2
65 to 69 years	5,375	2,535	2,840	7.5	7.2	7.7
70 to 74 years	4,530	2,170	2,360	6.3	6.2	6.4
75 to 79 years	3,280	1,505	1,770	4.6	4.3	4.8
80 to 84 years	2,135	930	1,210	3.0	2.6	3.3
85 years and over	2,360	880	1,485	3.3	2.5	4.0
85 to 89 years	1,490	585	900	2.1	1.7	2.4
90 to 94 years	680	245	440	0.9	0.7	1.2
95 to 99 years	185	55	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.0	14.3	14.7	15.0	14.3
15 to 64 years	60.8	62.1	59.5	60.8	62.1	59.5
65 years and over	24.5	22.8	26.2	24.5	22.8	26.2
85 years and over	3.3	2.5	4.0	3.3	2.5	4.0
Average age of the population	44.8	43.6	45.8	44.8	43.6	45.8
Median age of the population	46.0	44.0	47.6	46.0	44.0	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,685	...	...	67.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,315	...	...	4.1	...	...
Row house	1,765	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	765	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,615	...	...	8.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,945	...	...	12.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	55	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,790	...	...	33.5	...	...
2 persons	11,790	...	...	36.6	...	...
3 persons	4,335	...	...	13.5	...	...
4 persons	3,495	...	...	10.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,780	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	70,930	34,665	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	61,475	29,825	31,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	34,065	17,030	17,030	55.4	57.1	53.8
Married	27,760	13,885	13,875	45.2	46.6	43.8
Living common-law	6,305	3,150	3,155	10.3	10.6	10.0
Living common law - Never married	4,205	2,125	2,080	6.8	7.1	6.6
Living common law - Separated	415	210	205	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,475	725	745	2.4	2.4	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	215	80	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	27,405	12,790	14,620	44.6	42.9	46.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	16,280	9,095	7,185	26.5	30.5	22.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,155	950	1,205	3.5	3.2	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,420	1,775	2,645	7.2	6.0	8.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,560	970	3,585	7.4	3.3	11.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,870	...	...	58.1	...	...
3 persons	4,015	...	...	19.7	...	...
4 persons	3,200	...	...	15.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,340	...	...	6.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,420	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,695	...	...	81.8	...	...
Married couples	13,550	...	...	66.4	...	...
With children⁶	5,830	...	...	28.6	...	...
Without children	7,715	...	...	37.8	...	...
Common-law couples	3,155	...	...	15.5	...	...
With children⁶	1,260	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	1,890	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,730	...	...	18.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,850	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	875	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	70,930	34,665	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	55,690	27,325	28,365	78.5	78.8	78.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	33,390	16,665	16,730	47.1	48.1	46.1
Parents in one-parent families	3,725	875	2,850	5.3	2.5	7.9
Children⁶	18,570	9,785	8,785	26.2	28.2	24.2
In a two-parent family	12,845	6,735	6,115	18.1	19.4	16.9
In a one-parent family	5,725	3,050	2,670	8.1	8.8	7.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,245	7,335	7,905	21.5	21.2	21.8
Living alone	10,795	4,870	5,920	15.2	14.0	16.3
Living with other relatives⁷	1,350	605	745	1.9	1.7	2.1
Living with non-relatives only	3,100	1,860	1,240	4.4	5.4	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	32,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,680	...	...	58.0	...	...
Couple-family households	15,660	...	...	48.7	...	...
With children⁶	6,630	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	9,030	...	...	28.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,015	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	540	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	800	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,290	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	10,795	...	...	33.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	60,375	29,390	30,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,435	28,415	30,020	96.8	96.7	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,400	34,800	40,800	50,400	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,440	28,410	30,025	96.8	96.7	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,800	31,800	37,200	44,800	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,360	25,620	25,740	85.1	87.2	83.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	45,200	25,000	34,000	45,200	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,040	21,040	17,995	64.7	71.6	58.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,400	27,200	32,000	38,400	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	53,855	25,905	27,950	89.2	88.1	90.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	10,200	12,400	11,500	10,200	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,445	3,415	3,035	10.7	11.6	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,880	5,480	5,600	5,880	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,510	7,665	7,845	25.7	26.1	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	60,375	29,370	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,285	28,320	29,965	96.5	96.4	96.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,050	65,600	43,160	54,050	65,600	43,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,290	28,320	29,970	96.5	96.4	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,120	53,400	37,320	45,120	53,400	37,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,245	25,465	25,780	84.9	86.7	83.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,120	61,950	36,400	49,120	61,950	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,040	20,865	18,175	64.7	71.0	58.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,350	36,720	47,200	56,350	36,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	53,725	25,765	27,955	89.0	87.7	90.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,820	10,850	12,700	11,820	10,850	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,215	3,230	2,990	10.3	11.0	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,550	6,610	6,580	6,550	6,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,315	7,485	7,830	25.4	25.5	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,830	8,550	9,100	8,830	8,550	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	60,375	29,370	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,790	8,975	6,815	26.2	30.6	22.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	78,000	54,400	66,500	78,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,300	94,400	64,100	81,300	94,400	64,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,810	7,430	8,375	26.2	25.3	27.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	24,800	16,000	19,000	24,800	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,480	37,080	22,720	29,480	37,080	22,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	85.0	72.6	79.8	85.0	72.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.5	63.3	51.6	58.5	63.3	51.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.0	27.5	20.2	15.0	27.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.8	6.6	5.0	3.8	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.5	4.3	3.5	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	60,375	29,390	30,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,940	980	965	3.2	3.3	3.1
With total income	58,435	28,410	30,025	96.8	96.7	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,580	1,775	2,805	7.8	6.2	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,335	2,770	4,570	12.6	9.8	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	8,920	3,495	5,425	15.3	12.3	18.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,690	3,090	4,595	13.2	10.9	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	6,580	2,975	3,605	11.3	10.5	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,215	2,530	2,680	8.9	8.9	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,105	2,315	1,790	7.0	8.1	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,180	1,825	1,350	5.4	6.4	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,210	1,440	765	3.8	5.1	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,885	1,160	725	3.2	4.1	2.4
$100,000 and over	6,740	5,040	1,705	11.5	17.7	5.7
$100,000 to $149,999	4,240	3,015	1,225	7.3	10.6	4.1
$150,000 and over	2,500	2,025	475	4.3	7.1	1.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	60,375	29,390	30,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,935	975	955	3.2	3.3	3.1
With after-tax income	58,440	28,415	30,025	96.8	96.7	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,975	1,830	3,145	8.5	6.4	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,605	2,900	4,710	13.0	10.2	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	10,115	3,990	6,130	17.3	14.0	20.4
$30,000 to $39,999	8,825	3,735	5,090	15.1	13.1	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	7,420	3,545	3,880	12.7	12.5	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	5,610	3,030	2,580	9.6	10.7	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,960	2,335	1,625	6.8	8.2	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	2,730	1,745	985	4.7	6.1	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,150	1,375	770	3.7	4.8	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,335	950	385	2.3	3.3	1.3
$100,000 and over	3,715	2,980	735	6.4	10.5	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,945	1,550	395	3.3	5.5	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,770	1,425	345	3.0	5.0	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	60,375	29,390	30,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,335	8,350	12,985	35.3	28.4	41.9
With employment income	39,035	21,040	18,000	64.7	71.6	58.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,285	4,235	3,055	18.7	20.1	17.0
$5,000 to $9,999	3,030	1,240	1,790	7.8	5.9	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	4,715	2,070	2,640	12.1	9.8	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	3,695	1,610	2,090	9.5	7.7	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	3,525	1,585	1,935	9.0	7.5	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	3,130	1,460	1,670	8.0	6.9	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,475	1,265	1,210	6.3	6.0	6.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,085	1,195	885	5.3	5.7	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,590	940	650	4.1	4.5	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,235	830	405	3.2	3.9	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,325	740	585	3.4	3.5	3.3
$100,000 and over	4,950	3,875	1,070	12.7	18.4	5.9
$100,000 to $124,999	1,900	1,315	585	4.9	6.3	3.3
$125,000 and over	3,050	2,555	490	7.8	12.1	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	60,375	29,390	30,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,460	27,925	29,535	95.2	95.0	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	50,800	31,600	39,200	50,800	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,535	27,930	29,600	95.3	95.0	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	44,800	29,200	35,600	44,800	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,840	25,345	25,500	84.2	86.2	82.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	48,400	27,200	36,400	48,400	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,500	21,220	18,280	65.4	72.2	59.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,800	29,000	34,800	42,800	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,215	24,635	26,580	84.8	83.8	85.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	3,920	8,400	6,850	3,920	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,045	2,730	2,315	8.4	9.3	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,960	5,320	5,120	4,960	5,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	60,375	29,370	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,335	27,820	29,520	95.0	94.7	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,350	66,500	41,000	53,350	66,500	41,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,375	27,820	29,555	95.0	94.7	95.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,040	53,400	35,200	44,040	53,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,720	25,155	25,565	84.0	85.6	82.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,450	65,800	37,400	51,450	65,800	37,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,460	20,980	18,480	65.4	71.4	59.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,840	60,650	37,560	49,840	60,650	37,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,270	24,645	26,620	84.9	83.9	85.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,760	7,890	9,570	8,760	7,890	9,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,915	2,690	2,225	8.1	9.2	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,510	5,935	7,210	6,510	5,935	7,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	60,375	29,370	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	15,685	8,910	6,775	26.0	30.3	21.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	78,000	51,600	64,000	78,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,900	94,300	61,100	79,900	94,300	61,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,975	7,055	7,920	24.8	24.0	25.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	35,200	20,800	25,600	35,200	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,360	48,360	27,560	37,360	48,360	27,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.4	89.4	79.0	85.4	89.4	79.0
Employment income (%)	64.2	68.8	57.3	64.2	68.8	57.3
Government transfers (%)	14.7	10.5	21.0	14.7	10.5	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	32,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	21,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	32,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,900	...	...	97,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,700	...	...	81,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,200	...	...	52,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,240	...	...	44,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	21,405	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,900	...	...	120,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...	100,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	240	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	470	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	765	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,310	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,265	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,215	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,335	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,340	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,310	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,495	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,380	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,305	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,025	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,870	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,690	...	...	36.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,510	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,520	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,900	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,760	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	275	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	480	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	795	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,390	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,500	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,430	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,505	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,590	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,490	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,900	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,880	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,480	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,335	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,885	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,075	...	...	28.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,485	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,240	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,350	...	...	10.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,895	6,735	7,160	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,000	36,000	38,000	40,000	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,400	33,600	34,800	36,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	121,200	...	...	121,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,500	...	...	100,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,205	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...	89,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,800	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...	131,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,400	...	...	67,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,865	6,655	7,210	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,680	51,350	46,200	48,680	51,350	46,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,640	43,120	40,240	41,640	43,120	40,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	70,930	34,660	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,670	6,375	6,295	17.9	18.4	17.4
0 to 5 years	4,010	2,050	1,965	5.7	5.9	5.4
18 to 64 years	41,440	20,550	20,890	58.4	59.3	57.6
65 years and over	16,820	7,740	9,085	23.7	22.3	25.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,950	3,530	4,415	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,620	785	840	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	580	280	305	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,500	2,140	2,355	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,835	610	1,225	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.2	12.2	11.2	10.2	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	12.8	12.3	13.3	12.8	12.3	13.3
0 to 5 years (%)	14.5	13.6	15.4	14.5	13.6	15.4
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9	10.4	11.3	10.9	10.4	11.3
65 years and over (%)	10.9	7.9	13.5	10.9	7.9	13.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	70,930	34,665	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	12,670	6,375	6,290	17.9	18.4	17.3
0 to 5 years	4,015	2,045	1,965	5.7	5.9	5.4
18 to 64 years	41,440	20,545	20,895	58.4	59.3	57.6
65 years and over	16,820	7,735	9,085	23.7	22.3	25.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,195	1,690	1,505	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	405	205	205	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	125	55	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,520	1,380	1,140	...	...	...
65 years and over	265	110	160	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	4.9	4.2	4.5	4.9	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	2.7	3.5	3.1	2.7	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.7	5.5	6.1	6.7	5.5
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.4	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	70,930	34,660	36,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	36,060	16,915	19,145	50.8	48.8	52.8
In bottom decile	7,305	3,495	3,805	10.3	10.1	10.5
In second decile	7,490	3,280	4,210	10.6	9.5	11.6
In third decile	7,275	3,415	3,865	10.3	9.9	10.7
In fourth decile	7,010	3,335	3,675	9.9	9.6	10.1
In fifth decile	6,980	3,385	3,595	9.8	9.8	9.9
In top half of the distribution	34,875	17,750	17,125	49.2	51.2	47.2
In sixth decile	6,825	3,415	3,405	9.6	9.9	9.4
In seventh decile	6,860	3,405	3,460	9.7	9.8	9.5
In eighth decile	7,095	3,665	3,430	10.0	10.6	9.5
In ninth decile	7,215	3,700	3,510	10.2	10.7	9.7
In top decile	6,880	3,560	3,315	9.7	10.3	9.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	70,930	...	...	70,930	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.337	...	...	0.337	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.464	...	...	0.464	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	71,265	34,775	36,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	65,670	32,310	33,360	92.1	92.9	91.4
French only	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,270	2,320	2,950	7.4	6.7	8.1
Neither English nor French	275	120	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	71,265	34,775	36,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,425	33,920	35,505	97.4	97.5	97.3
French	1,435	685	750	2.0	2.0	2.1
English and French	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	250	100	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	71,265	34,775	36,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,960	34,150	35,810	98.2	98.2	98.1
Official languages	63,880	31,190	32,695	89.6	89.7	89.6
English	62,345	30,450	31,895	87.5	87.6	87.4
French	1,535	740	800	2.2	2.1	2.2
Non-official languages	6,080	2,965	3,115	8.5	8.5	8.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,060	2,960	3,100	8.5	8.5	8.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	165	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	290	160	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	250	140	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	245	100	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195	75	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	310	190	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	180	110	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,445	2,155	2,290	6.2	6.2	6.3
Albanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	610	275	340	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	595	260	330	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	245	110	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	845	380	465	1.2	1.1	1.3
Frisian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	305	130	170	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	295	130	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	225	275	0.7	0.6	0.8
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	470	215	255	0.7	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,095	605	490	1.5	1.7	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,010	555	455	1.4	1.6	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	300	170	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Hindi	200	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	265	135	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,715	805	905	2.4	2.3	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	730	350	380	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portuguese	415	185	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	515	255	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	340	160	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	320	145	170	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	180	70	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,305	625	680	1.8	1.8	1.9
English and French	435	200	235	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	740	365	375	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	71,265	34,775	36,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,720	31,690	33,025	90.8	91.1	90.5
French	270	130	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,205	570	635	1.7	1.6	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,200	565	630	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	915	395	520	1.3	1.1	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	3,855	1,875	1,985	5.4	5.4	5.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	185	70	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	110	50	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	71,265	34,775	36,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,275	34,300	35,975	98.6	98.6	98.6
Official languages	67,820	33,130	34,690	95.2	95.3	95.1
English	67,455	32,960	34,490	94.7	94.8	94.5
French	360	165	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	2,455	1,175	1,285	3.4	3.4	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,445	1,165	1,280	3.4	3.4	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,650	775	880	2.3	2.2	2.4
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	665	355	315	0.9	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	610	325	290	0.9	0.9	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	205	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	180	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	670	295	380	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	215	85	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Romanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	275	135	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	195	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	185	85	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	985	475	515	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	795	385	410	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	71,265	34,775	36,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	67,000	32,770	34,225	94.0	94.2	93.8
English	1,005	460	550	1.4	1.3	1.5
French	695	295	400	1.0	0.8	1.1
Non-official language	1,995	965	1,030	2.8	2.8	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,925	940	990	2.7	2.7	2.7
English and French	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	195	115	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	240	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	70,930	34,680	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	70,585	34,545	36,045	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	70,565	34,535	36,030	99.5	99.6	99.4
French	5,345	2,445	2,900	7.5	7.1	8.0
Non-official languages	8,180	3,925	4,255	11.5	11.3	11.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	75	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,100	3,890	4,205	11.4	11.2	11.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	240	210	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	445	240	210	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	420	220	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	445	160	285	0.6	0.5	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	395	145	255	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	340	225	115	0.5	0.6	0.3
Kannada	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	240	160	85	0.3	0.5	0.2
Tamil	100	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	40	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,065	2,975	3,095	8.6	8.6	8.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	710	290	420	1.0	0.8	1.2
Baltic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	695	280	410	1.0	0.8	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	320	140	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,135	540	595	1.6	1.6	1.6
Frisian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	530	270	260	0.7	0.8	0.7
German	525	270	255	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	585	260	325	0.8	0.7	0.9
Afrikaans	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	525	230	290	0.7	0.7	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	200	125	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,500	815	685	2.1	2.4	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,395	760	630	2.0	2.2	1.7
Assamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	390	200	190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hindi	855	490	370	1.2	1.4	1.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Marathi	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	455	220	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	260	140	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,615	1,250	1,365	3.7	3.6	3.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,015	490	525	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portuguese	545	255	290	0.8	0.7	0.8
Romanian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,100	525	580	1.6	1.5	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	115	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	410	180	225	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	395	180	220	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	295	115	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	115	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	70,930	34,680	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,000	1,545	1,455	4.2	4.5	4.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,835	1,500	1,335	4.0	4.3	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,945	965	975	2.7	2.8	2.7
Métis	880	525	355	1.2	1.5	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	67,930	33,135	34,795	95.8	95.5	96.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	70,930	34,680	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,530	760	770	2.2	2.2	2.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	69,405	33,925	35,480	97.8	97.8	97.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,935	...	...	68.1	...	...
Renter	10,250	...	...	31.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,380	...	...	4.3	...	...
Not condominium	30,810	...	...	95.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,890	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,290	...	...	22.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,385	...	...	38.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,540	...	...	26.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,685	...	...	20.8	...	...
5 rooms	3,900	...	...	12.1	...	...
6 rooms	4,350	...	...	13.5	...	...
7 rooms	4,710	...	...	14.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,545	...	...	39.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	31,990	...	...	99.4	...	...
More than one person per room	200	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,225	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	965	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,555	...	...	35.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,300	...	...	35.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,820	...	...	11.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,085	...	...	6.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	930	...	...	2.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	940	...	...	2.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	860	...	...	2.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	695	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	29,995	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,195	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,425	...	...	57.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,885	...	...	40.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	875	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	790	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,200	...	...	13.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,650	...	...	14.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,770	...	...	14.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,500	...	...	20.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,205	...	...	19.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,655	...	...	11.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,425	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,275	...	...	82.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,750	...	...	18.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,335	...	...	16.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	32,190	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,090	...	...	25.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,050	...	...	15.7	...	...
Not suitable only	725	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,495	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	580	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	115	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	24,105	...	...	74.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	31,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,275	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	28,335	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,865	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.6	...	...	52.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	930	...	...	930	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	436,000	...	...	436,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,245	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.5	...	...	14.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.8	...	...	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	990	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,078	...	...	1,078	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	70,935	34,685	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,420	750	675	2.0	2.2	1.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,420	750	675	2.0	2.2	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,150	605	545	1.6	1.7	1.5
Métis single ancestry	270	140	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,475	1,220	1,255	3.5	3.5	3.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,395	1,190	1,205	3.4	3.4	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,815	890	930	2.6	2.6	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	570	300	270	0.8	0.9	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	67,030	32,715	34,320	94.5	94.3	94.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	70,935	34,680	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	67,895	33,245	34,645	95.7	95.9	95.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	12,460	6,395	6,065	17.6	18.4	16.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	55,435	26,850	28,585	78.1	77.4	78.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,040	1,435	1,600	4.3	4.1	4.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	70,935	34,680	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	61,120	30,095	31,020	86.2	86.8	85.6
Immigrants⁸¹	8,570	3,850	4,720	12.1	11.1	13.0
Before 1980	4,260	1,900	2,360	6.0	5.5	6.5
1980 to 1990	1,050	430	615	1.5	1.2	1.7
1991 to 2000	830	395	430	1.2	1.1	1.2
2001 to 2010	1,125	525	600	1.6	1.5	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,305	595	705	1.8	1.7	1.9
2011 to 2015	585	270	315	0.8	0.8	0.9
2016 to 2021	715	325	390	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,245	735	510	1.8	2.1	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,570	3,850	4,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,050	515	530	12.3	13.4	11.2
5 to 14 years	1,650	765	885	19.3	19.9	18.8
15 to 24 years	2,010	830	1,185	23.5	21.6	25.1
25 to 44 years	3,310	1,500	1,805	38.6	39.0	38.3
45 years and over	550	235	310	6.4	6.1	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,570	3,850	4,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,625	605	1,015	19.0	15.7	21.5
Brazil	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	50	10	35	0.6	0.3	0.7
El Salvador	95	45	55	1.1	1.2	1.2
Guyana	55	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	145	80	65	1.7	2.1	1.4
Mexico	45	30	15	0.5	0.8	0.3
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	105	45	60	1.2	1.2	1.3
United States of America	860	235	625	10.0	6.1	13.3
Other places of birth in Americas	225	125	105	2.6	3.2	2.2
Europe	4,525	2,115	2,405	52.8	54.9	51.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
France	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Germany	280	135	150	3.3	3.5	3.2
Greece	115	65	55	1.3	1.7	1.2
Hungary	80	45	35	0.9	1.2	0.7
Italy	550	260	285	6.4	6.8	6.0
Netherlands	500	230	275	5.8	6.0	5.8
Poland	195	85	105	2.3	2.2	2.2
Portugal	225	105	115	2.6	2.7	2.4
Romania	60	30	25	0.7	0.8	0.5
Russian Federation	50	30	25	0.6	0.8	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,990	905	1,080	23.2	23.5	22.9
Other places of birth in Europe	350	170	175	4.1	4.4	3.7
Africa	320	165	160	3.7	4.3	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	30	15	0.5	0.8	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	75	35	45	0.9	0.9	1.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	40	45	1.1	1.0	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	90	45	45	1.1	1.2	1.0
Asia	2,050	930	1,125	23.9	24.2	23.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	70	35	30	0.8	0.9	0.6
Iraq	120	55	70	1.4	1.4	1.5
Lebanon	65	30	30	0.8	0.8	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	85	50	40	1.0	1.3	0.8
Turkey	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
China⁹⁰	205	70	135	2.4	1.8	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	95	40	55	1.1	1.0	1.2
Taiwan	20	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Philippines	400	150	255	4.7	3.9	5.4
Viet Nam	50	15	40	0.6	0.4	0.8
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
India	545	290	255	6.4	7.5	5.4
Pakistan	125	65	60	1.5	1.7	1.3
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	170	85	90	2.0	2.2	1.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	35	15	0.6	0.9	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	720	330	395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	150	85	70	20.8	25.8	17.7
Brazil	15	0	15	2.1	0.0	3.8
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	20	10	4.2	6.1	2.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	65	40	25	9.0	12.1	6.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	10	4.9	6.1	2.5
Europe	30	15	15	4.2	4.5	3.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	15	3.5	3.0	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	60	20	40	8.3	6.1	10.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	10	10	3.5	3.0	2.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	2.8	3.0	2.5
Asia	475	200	270	66.0	60.6	68.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	1.4	0.0	2.5
China⁹⁰	35	10	25	4.9	3.0	6.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	125	65	60	17.4	19.7	15.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	0	15	2.1	0.0	3.8
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	2.1	0.0	2.5
Lebanon	15	0	10	2.1	0.0	2.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	100	35	65	13.9	10.6	16.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	45	40	11.8	13.6	10.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	20	3.5	0.0	5.1
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	70,930	34,680	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,510	4,975	5,535	14.8	14.3	15.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,540	5,705	5,835	16.3	16.5	16.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	48,880	24,000	24,885	68.9	69.2	68.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,305	1,945	2,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,065	1,030	1,040	48.0	53.0	44.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	840	585	255	19.5	30.1	10.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,230	445	785	28.6	22.9	33.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,685	640	1,045	39.1	32.9	44.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	530	255	270	12.3	13.1	11.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	20	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,305	1,945	2,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	60	65	2.9	3.1	2.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	505	215	295	11.7	11.1	12.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	150	70	80	3.5	3.6	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	205	105	100	4.8	5.4	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	20	55	1.7	1.0	2.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,240	1,475	1,765	75.3	75.8	74.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	70,930	34,680	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,900	2,975	2,925	8.3	8.6	8.1
South Asian	1,915	1,025	890	2.7	3.0	2.5
Chinese	550	255	290	0.8	0.7	0.8
Black	1,125	550	565	1.6	1.6	1.6
Filipino	535	210	320	0.8	0.6	0.9
Arab	365	195	170	0.5	0.6	0.5
Latin American	620	340	280	0.9	1.0	0.8
Southeast Asian	160	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	160	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	120	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	200	110	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	65,035	31,710	33,325	91.7	91.4	91.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	70,930	34,680	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,900	5,900	6,005	16.8	17.0	16.6
English	20,315	9,545	10,770	28.6	27.5	29.7
Irish	15,225	6,875	8,345	21.5	19.8	23.0
Scottish	15,425	7,595	7,835	21.7	21.9	21.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,495	3,935	4,565	12.0	11.3	12.6
German	6,580	3,275	3,305	9.3	9.4	9.1
Chinese	615	290	325	0.9	0.8	0.9
Italian	3,745	1,955	1,790	5.3	5.6	4.9
Indian (India)	1,205	650	555	1.7	1.9	1.5
Ukrainian	1,525	755	770	2.2	2.2	2.1
Dutch	5,640	2,695	2,945	8.0	7.8	8.1
Polish	2,190	1,035	1,160	3.1	3.0	3.2
Québécois	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,900	1,390	1,515	4.1	4.0	4.2
Filipino	460	175	285	0.6	0.5	0.8
French Canadian	1,495	680	815	2.1	2.0	2.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,695	865	835	2.4	2.5	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,495	740	750	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis	915	465	450	1.3	1.3	1.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	975	510	465	1.4	1.5	1.3
Russian	490	225	260	0.7	0.6	0.7
Norwegian	375	140	230	0.5	0.4	0.6
Welsh	1,420	635	785	2.0	1.8	2.2
Portuguese	865	475	390	1.2	1.4	1.1
American	1,195	575	610	1.7	1.7	1.7
Spanish	535	260	275	0.8	0.7	0.8
Swedish	465	195	265	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hungarian	775	375	395	1.1	1.1	1.1
Acadian	190	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	220	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	245	140	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	115	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	615	320	300	0.9	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	520	265	255	0.7	0.8	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	295	150	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	210	120	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	290	150	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	335	175	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	635	290	350	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sikh	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	255	110	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belgian	670	315	360	0.9	0.9	1.0
Haitian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	180	100	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexican	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	160	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	300	105	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lankan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	280	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	100	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	260	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	290	95	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Syrian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	320	165	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
Newfoundlander	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	500	230	270	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	345	200	145	0.5	0.6	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Salvadorean	110	50	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
African Caribbean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	95	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
South African	100	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	100	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	60	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	70,930	34,680	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	115	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Christian	40,315	18,525	21,790	56.8	53.4	60.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,655	2,170	2,480	6.6	6.3	6.8
Anabaptist	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	3,645	1,670	1,975	5.1	4.8	5.4
Baptist	1,935	880	1,055	2.7	2.5	2.9
Catholic	17,890	8,445	9,445	25.2	24.4	26.1
Christian Orthodox	475	260	215	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	250	100	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	200	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	595	265	335	0.8	0.8	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	270	115	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	945	440	510	1.3	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	1,810	755	1,055	2.6	2.2	2.9
Reformed	700	345	355	1.0	1.0	1.0
United Church	5,045	2,115	2,925	7.1	6.1	8.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,875	875	1,005	2.6	2.5	2.8
Hindu	795	455	345	1.1	1.3	1.0
Jewish	105	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	820	435	385	1.2	1.3	1.1
Sikh	275	125	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	385	160	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	28,030	14,825	13,210	39.5	42.7	36.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	70,290	34,355	35,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,625	30,585	32,035	89.1	89.0	89.2
Movers	7,660	3,775	3,890	10.9	11.0	10.8
Non-migrants	4,895	2,395	2,505	7.0	7.0	7.0
Migrants	2,760	1,375	1,385	3.9	4.0	3.9
Internal migrants	2,400	1,200	1,195	3.4	3.5	3.3
Intraprovincial migrants	2,165	1,055	1,105	3.1	3.1	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	240	145	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
External migrants	365	170	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	67,660	32,965	34,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	42,915	20,870	22,045	63.4	63.3	63.5
Movers	24,750	12,095	12,650	36.6	36.7	36.5
Non-migrants	14,135	6,795	7,340	20.9	20.6	21.2
Migrants	10,615	5,300	5,315	15.7	16.1	15.3
Internal migrants	8,760	4,320	4,440	12.9	13.1	12.8
Intraprovincial migrants	7,655	3,745	3,910	11.3	11.4	11.3
Interprovincial migrants	1,100	570	530	1.6	1.7	1.5
External migrants	1,855	985	875	2.7	3.0	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,375	29,370	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,740	4,880	4,860	16.1	16.6	15.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,635	24,490	26,145	83.9	83.4	84.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,055	17,655	18,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,360	1,870	1,485	9.3	10.6	8.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,700	15,780	16,920	90.7	89.4	91.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,375	29,370	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,460	4,065	4,395	14.0	13.8	14.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,450	8,630	9,825	30.6	29.4	31.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,465	16,680	16,785	55.4	56.8	54.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,860	11,735	11,125	37.9	40.0	35.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,240	4,225	1,025	8.7	14.4	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,910	1,245	665	3.2	4.2	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,330	2,975	355	5.5	10.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,710	7,165	9,545	27.7	24.4	30.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	910	345	560	1.5	1.2	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,605	4,945	5,660	17.6	16.8	18.3
Bachelor's degree	7,515	3,410	4,100	12.4	11.6	13.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	745	345	400	1.2	1.2	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	145	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	1,820	860	955	3.0	2.9	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	295	175	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	36,060	17,650	18,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,785	1,525	1,260	7.7	8.6	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,690	4,830	4,860	26.9	27.4	26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,585	11,300	12,285	65.4	64.0	66.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,925	8,010	7,910	44.2	45.4	43.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,105	2,555	555	8.6	14.5	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	990	670	325	2.7	3.8	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,115	1,885	225	5.9	10.7	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,290	5,270	7,025	34.1	29.9	38.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	525	190	335	1.5	1.1	1.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,660	3,285	4,370	21.2	18.6	23.7
Bachelor's degree	5,465	2,370	3,095	15.2	13.4	16.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	490	200	290	1.4	1.1	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	155	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Master's degree	1,375	555	820	3.8	3.1	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	175	85	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,375	29,375	31,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,910	12,695	14,220	44.6	43.2	45.9
Education	1,810	470	1,340	3.0	1.6	4.3
13. Education	1,810	470	1,340	3.0	1.6	4.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	685	295	390	1.1	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	630	250	380	1.0	0.9	1.2
Humanities	1,325	510	815	2.2	1.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	245	45	205	0.4	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	435	160	275	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	100	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	225	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,255	955	2,305	5.4	3.3	7.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	295	135	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,000	80	920	1.7	0.3	3.0
22. Legal professions and studies	440	170	265	0.7	0.6	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	505	115	390	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	950	435	515	1.6	1.5	1.7
Business, management and public administration	5,785	1,865	3,915	9.6	6.3	12.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	765	100	660	1.3	0.3	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,015	1,760	3,255	8.3	6.0	10.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,080	615	455	1.8	2.1	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	290	120	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	100	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	350	250	95	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	135	75	0.3	0.5	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	930	600	325	1.5	2.0	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	705	520	190	1.2	1.8	0.6
25. Library science	85	15	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,715	8,890	820	16.1	30.3	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	150	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,645	1,360	280	2.7	4.6	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,065	2,705	365	5.1	9.2	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,395	2,350	45	4.0	8.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,285	1,255	35	2.1	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,175	1,135	35	1.9	3.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	405	225	180	0.7	0.8	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	265	140	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	85	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	5,995	975	5,015	9.9	3.3	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	450	260	185	0.7	0.9	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,465	660	4,805	9.1	2.2	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,450	1,260	1,190	4.1	4.3	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,140	255	890	1.9	0.9	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	805	545	260	1.3	1.9	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	485	450	35	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	36,060	17,655	18,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,475	6,355	6,120	34.6	36.0	33.3
Education	1,130	255	875	3.1	1.4	4.8
13. Education	1,130	255	875	3.1	1.4	4.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	490	200	285	1.4	1.1	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	450	175	275	1.2	1.0	1.5
Humanities	910	325	585	2.5	1.8	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	190	25	165	0.5	0.1	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	310	115	200	0.9	0.7	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	65	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
54. History	155	70	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,390	645	1,745	6.6	3.7	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	90	145	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	795	55	740	2.2	0.3	4.0
22. Legal professions and studies	335	120	215	0.9	0.7	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	335	80	250	0.9	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	655	285	370	1.8	1.6	2.0
Business, management and public administration	4,305	1,340	2,965	11.9	7.6	16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	80	565	1.8	0.5	3.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,655	1,255	2,400	10.1	7.1	13.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	735	375	360	2.0	2.1	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	95	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	155	70	85	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	210	120	85	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	90	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	695	490	215	1.9	2.8	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	580	450	130	1.6	2.5	0.7
25. Library science	50	10	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,525	5,820	705	18.1	33.0	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	125	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
14. Engineering	1,145	885	255	3.2	5.0	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,100	1,815	280	5.8	10.3	1.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,570	1,530	50	4.4	8.7	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	800	770	30	2.2	4.4	0.2
48. Precision production	780	755	25	2.2	4.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	295	160	130	0.8	0.9	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	190	100	85	0.5	0.6	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	110	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	4,305	715	3,590	11.9	4.0	19.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	200	145	1.0	1.1	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,925	490	3,430	10.9	2.8	18.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,765	955	810	4.9	5.4	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	755	175	580	2.1	1.0	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	670	460	220	1.9	2.6	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	320	15	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	36,060	17,655	18,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,475	6,355	6,120	34.6	36.0	33.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	23,585	11,295	12,285	65.4	64.0	66.7
Location of study inside Canada	21,135	10,150	10,975	58.6	57.5	59.6
Same as province or territory of residence	20,085	9,625	10,460	55.7	54.5	56.8
Different than province or territory of residence	1,050	525	520	2.9	3.0	2.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,450	1,145	1,310	6.8	6.5	7.1
Americas	1,005	415	590	2.8	2.4	3.2
United States of America	715	255	460	2.0	1.4	2.5
Mexico	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazil	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	380	210	170	1.1	1.2	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	175	120	60	0.5	0.7	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	105	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Asia	915	445	465	2.5	2.5	2.5
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	160	50	105	0.4	0.3	0.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	515	300	215	1.4	1.7	1.2
Pakistan	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	60,375	29,370	31,005	...	...	...
In the labour force	33,035	17,180	15,850	...	...	...
Employed	28,760	15,185	13,570	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,280	1,995	2,285	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,340	12,190	15,155	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.7	58.5	51.1	54.7	58.5	51.1
Employment rate	47.6	51.7	43.8	47.6	51.7	43.8
Unemployment rate	13.0	11.6	14.4	13.0	11.6	14.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	60,375	29,375	31,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,520	12,315	15,200	45.6	41.9	49.0
Worked	32,855	17,055	15,805	54.4	58.1	51.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	16,170	9,165	7,005	26.8	31.2	22.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,685	7,890	8,795	27.6	26.9	28.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.3	39.7	40.5	41.3	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	33,035	17,185	15,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	990	505	485	3.0	2.9	3.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	32,050	16,680	15,365	97.0	97.1	96.9
Employee	28,715	14,765	13,950	86.9	85.9	88.0
Permanent position	24,085	12,305	11,775	72.9	71.6	74.3
Temporary position	4,630	2,465	2,170	14.0	14.3	13.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,445	760	690	4.4	4.4	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,180	1,705	1,475	9.6	9.9	9.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,330	1,910	1,425	10.1	11.1	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	33,035	17,185	15,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	990	505	485	3.0	2.9	3.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	32,050	16,680	15,365	97.0	97.1	96.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	200	135	65	0.6	0.8	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,055	1,120	2,935	12.3	6.5	18.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,590	1,970	620	7.8	11.5	3.9
3 Health occupations	3,215	480	2,740	9.7	2.8	17.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,420	1,035	2,385	10.4	6.0	15.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	565	240	320	1.7	1.4	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	9,145	3,790	5,355	27.7	22.1	33.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,320	5,830	495	19.1	33.9	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	635	490	140	1.9	2.9	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,900	1,600	300	5.8	9.3	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	33,035	17,185	15,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	990	505	485	3.0	2.9	3.1
All industries¹⁹¹	32,050	16,680	15,365	97.0	97.1	96.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	445	275	165	1.3	1.6	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	425	355	70	1.3	2.1	0.4
22 Utilities	375	305	70	1.1	1.8	0.4
23 Construction	3,295	2,955	335	10.0	17.2	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	3,295	2,550	740	10.0	14.8	4.7
41 Wholesale trade	700	525	180	2.1	3.1	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	3,980	1,745	2,240	12.0	10.2	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,335	970	365	4.0	5.6	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	260	145	115	0.8	0.8	0.7
52 Finance and insurance	695	260	435	2.1	1.5	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	575	300	280	1.7	1.7	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,835	1,185	645	5.6	6.9	4.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,755	1,055	700	5.3	6.1	4.4
61 Educational services	2,180	625	1,560	6.6	3.6	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	5,180	830	4,345	15.7	4.8	27.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	575	285	295	1.7	1.7	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,595	945	1,650	7.9	5.5	10.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,285	690	595	3.9	4.0	3.8
91 Public administration	1,250	680	570	3.8	4.0	3.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	35,530	18,360	17,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	34,730	18,045	16,680	97.7	98.3	97.1
French	125	35	85	0.4	0.2	0.5
Non-official language	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	420	135	285	1.2	0.7	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	190	100	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	35,530	18,360	17,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,435	18,320	17,120	99.7	99.8	99.7
Official languages	35,365	18,285	17,080	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	35,150	18,235	16,920	98.9	99.3	98.5
French	215	55	160	0.6	0.3	0.9
Non-official languages	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	95	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and French	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	35,530	18,360	17,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	35,000	18,155	16,850	98.5	98.9	98.1
English	110	20	85	0.3	0.1	0.5
French	265	90	170	0.7	0.5	1.0
Non-official language	125	80	40	0.4	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	115	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	28,760	15,185	13,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	4,455	1,855	2,605	15.5	12.2	19.2
Worked outside Canada	185	85	105	0.6	0.6	0.8
No fixed workplace address	3,455	2,515	940	12.0	16.6	6.9
Usual place of work	20,660	10,735	9,925	71.8	70.7	73.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,660	10,735	9,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,330	7,420	7,910	74.2	69.1	79.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,195	2,650	1,550	20.3	24.7	15.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,075	640	430	5.2	6.0	4.3
Commute to a different province or territory	55	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	24,110	13,255	10,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,055	12,295	9,760	91.5	92.8	89.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,305	11,435	8,870	84.2	86.3	81.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,745	855	890	7.2	6.5	8.2
Public transit	510	235	280	2.1	1.8	2.6
Walked	1,000	470	530	4.1	3.5	4.9
Bicycle	185	130	55	0.8	1.0	0.5
Other method	355	130	230	1.5	1.0	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	24,110	13,255	10,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	13,385	6,445	6,945	55.5	48.6	64.0
15 to 29 minutes	7,975	5,120	2,855	33.1	38.6	26.3
30 to 44 minutes	1,665	1,025	645	6.9	7.7	5.9
45 to 59 minutes	440	265	175	1.8	2.0	1.6
60 minutes and over	645	395	245	2.7	3.0	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	24,110	13,255	10,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,755	1,205	550	7.3	9.1	5.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,785	3,355	1,430	19.8	25.3	13.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,345	3,700	2,640	26.3	27.9	24.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,780	1,850	2,925	19.8	14.0	26.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,585	955	1,625	10.7	7.2	15.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,870	2,180	1,690	16.1	16.4	15.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	12,920	6,510	6,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,480	740	740	11.5	11.4	11.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,445	5,775	5,665	88.6	88.7	88.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	9,360	4,690	4,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,115	555	555	11.9	11.8	11.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	765	375	390	8.2	8.0	8.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	350	185	170	3.7	3.9	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,245	4,135	4,115	88.1	88.2	88.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 16, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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