Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Scarborough CentreMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	113,104	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	112,603	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.4	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,672	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	40,564	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,021.6	...	...	4,021.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	28.12	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	113,105	54,685	58,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,110	8,805	8,300	15.1	16.1	14.2
0 to 4 years	5,310	2,700	2,615	4.7	4.9	4.5
5 to 9 years	5,835	2,995	2,835	5.2	5.5	4.9
10 to 14 years	5,960	3,110	2,855	5.3	5.7	4.9
15 to 64 years	76,340	37,350	38,995	67.5	68.3	66.7
15 to 19 years	6,390	3,270	3,120	5.6	6.0	5.3
20 to 24 years	8,240	4,280	3,955	7.3	7.8	6.8
25 to 29 years	9,040	4,795	4,245	8.0	8.8	7.3
30 to 34 years	8,015	3,955	4,060	7.1	7.2	6.9
35 to 39 years	7,495	3,580	3,915	6.6	6.5	6.7
40 to 44 years	6,895	3,265	3,635	6.1	6.0	6.2
45 to 49 years	6,880	3,105	3,780	6.1	5.7	6.5
50 to 54 years	7,505	3,535	3,970	6.6	6.5	6.8
55 to 59 years	8,370	3,945	4,425	7.4	7.2	7.6
60 to 64 years	7,510	3,625	3,885	6.6	6.6	6.7
65 years and over	19,655	8,525	11,130	17.4	15.6	19.1
65 to 69 years	6,015	2,820	3,195	5.3	5.2	5.5
70 to 74 years	4,605	2,085	2,520	4.1	3.8	4.3
75 to 79 years	3,255	1,435	1,820	2.9	2.6	3.1
80 to 84 years	2,635	1,050	1,585	2.3	1.9	2.7
85 years and over	3,140	1,135	2,005	2.8	2.1	3.4
85 to 89 years	1,800	715	1,090	1.6	1.3	1.9
90 to 94 years	995	345	650	0.9	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	300	75	220	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.1	16.1	14.2	15.1	16.1	14.2
15 to 64 years	67.5	68.3	66.7	67.5	68.3	66.7
65 years and over	17.4	15.6	19.1	17.4	15.6	19.1
85 years and over	2.8	2.1	3.4	2.8	2.1	3.4
Average age of the population	41.3	39.9	42.7	41.3	39.9	42.7
Median age of the population	40.0	38.0	42.0	40.0	38.0	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	13,870	...	...	34.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	805	...	...	2.0	...	...
Row house	2,860	...	...	7.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,960	...	...	9.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,180	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	16,840	...	...	41.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	40,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	10,010	...	...	24.7	...	...
2 persons	11,295	...	...	27.8	...	...
3 persons	7,515	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	6,310	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	5,425	...	...	13.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	111,745	54,220	57,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	95,995	45,875	50,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	47,830	23,935	23,895	49.8	52.2	47.7
Married	43,435	21,765	21,670	45.2	47.4	43.2
Living common-law	4,400	2,175	2,225	4.6	4.7	4.4
Living common law - Never married	3,215	1,570	1,640	3.3	3.4	3.3
Living common law - Separated	205	115	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	865	450	415	0.9	1.0	0.8
Living common law - Widowed	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	48,170	21,940	26,230	50.2	47.8	52.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,660	17,650	16,010	35.1	38.5	31.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,935	1,175	1,760	3.1	2.6	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,680	2,020	3,660	5.9	4.4	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,890	1,095	4,800	6.1	2.4	9.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,065	...	...	43.6	...	...
3 persons	7,645	...	...	25.5	...	...
4 persons	6,200	...	...	20.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,050	...	...	10.2	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	22,635	...	...	75.6	...	...
Married couples	20,440	...	...	68.2	...	...
With children⁶	13,175	...	...	44.0	...	...
Without children	7,260	...	...	24.2	...	...
Common-law couples	2,195	...	...	7.3	...	...
With children⁶	905	...	...	3.0	...	...
Without children	1,290	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,325	...	...	24.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,165	...	...	20.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,160	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	111,745	54,220	57,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	90,205	43,880	46,325	80.7	80.9	80.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	45,260	22,580	22,685	40.5	41.6	39.4
Parents in one-parent families	7,325	1,160	6,165	6.6	2.1	10.7
Children⁶	37,610	20,145	17,470	33.7	37.2	30.4
In a two-parent family	26,275	14,010	12,265	23.5	25.8	21.3
In a one-parent family	11,335	6,130	5,205	10.1	11.3	9.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,540	10,340	11,200	19.3	19.1	19.5
Living alone	10,010	4,295	5,720	9.0	7.9	9.9
Living with other relatives⁷	4,735	1,875	2,860	4.2	3.5	5.0
Living with non-relatives only	6,795	4,170	2,625	6.1	7.7	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	23,070	...	...	56.9	...	...
Couple-family households	17,720	...	...	43.7	...	...
With children⁶	11,240	...	...	27.7	...	...
Without children	6,480	...	...	16.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	5,350	...	...	13.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,285	...	...	5.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	595	...	...	1.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,055	...	...	5.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,545	...	...	6.3	...	...
One-person households	10,015	...	...	24.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,730	45,470	49,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,385	42,775	46,610	94.4	94.1	94.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	35,600	32,400	34,000	35,600	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,405	42,785	46,625	94.4	94.1	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,600	32,800	30,600	31,600	32,800	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,270	36,775	37,495	78.4	80.9	76.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,200	31,200	23,600	27,200	31,200	23,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,500	31,495	30,010	64.9	69.3	60.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	33,600	28,000	31,000	33,600	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,915	39,805	44,110	88.6	87.5	89.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,600	8,600	12,300	10,600	8,600	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,770	4,380	5,390	10.3	9.6	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,035	16,590	16,445	34.9	36.5	33.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,595	45,335	49,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,355	42,755	46,590	94.5	94.3	94.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,560	44,080	39,240	41,560	44,080	39,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,370	42,765	46,605	94.5	94.3	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,480	38,120	34,920	36,480	38,120	34,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,525	36,840	37,685	78.8	81.3	76.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,560	39,920	33,280	36,560	39,920	33,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,405	31,365	30,040	64.9	69.2	61.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	41,240	35,480	38,400	41,240	35,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,855	39,785	44,070	88.6	87.8	89.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,410	13,060	11,800	10,410	13,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,770	4,455	5,320	10.3	9.8	10.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,190	5,915	6,420	6,190	5,915	6,420
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,135	16,790	16,345	35.0	37.0	33.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,160	10,300	10,020	10,160	10,300	10,020
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,590	45,340	49,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,785	13,995	11,785	27.3	30.9	23.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	57,200	54,400	55,600	57,200	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,600	63,900	58,800	61,600	63,900	58,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,785	12,080	12,705	26.2	26.6	25.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	17,400	16,400	17,000	17,400	16,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,680	24,940	22,480	23,680	24,940	22,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	73.4	78.0	68.6	73.4	78.0	68.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.5	68.6	58.3	63.5	68.6	58.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	26.7	22.0	31.5	26.7	22.0	31.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.6	1.4	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	10.1	9.8	10.3	10.1	9.8	10.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	9.1	9.2	9.0	9.1	9.2	9.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,735	45,465	49,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,350	2,695	2,655	5.6	5.9	5.4
With total income	89,380	42,770	46,615	94.3	94.1	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,820	3,970	4,855	9.9	9.3	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,615	5,760	6,860	14.1	13.5	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,580	8,025	9,560	19.7	18.8	20.5
$30,000 to $39,999	13,605	6,300	7,310	15.2	14.7	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,225	4,825	5,405	11.4	11.3	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	7,865	3,640	4,230	8.8	8.5	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,575	2,725	2,855	6.2	6.4	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,795	2,010	1,785	4.2	4.7	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,830	1,665	1,170	3.2	3.9	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,960	1,150	815	2.2	2.7	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,490	2,710	1,775	5.0	6.3	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	3,645	2,160	1,485	4.1	5.1	3.2
$150,000 and over	845	555	295	0.9	1.3	0.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,735	45,465	49,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,325	2,685	2,645	5.6	5.9	5.4
With after-tax income	89,410	42,785	46,620	94.4	94.1	94.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,000	4,045	4,950	10.1	9.5	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	13,060	5,995	7,060	14.6	14.0	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	19,780	9,095	10,685	22.1	21.3	22.9
$30,000 to $39,999	15,230	7,170	8,055	17.0	16.8	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,550	5,460	6,090	12.9	12.8	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,755	3,715	4,040	8.7	8.7	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,085	2,655	2,435	5.7	6.2	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,070	1,785	1,285	3.4	4.2	2.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,160	1,175	990	2.4	2.7	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,085	640	445	1.2	1.5	1.0
$100,000 and over	1,635	1,055	585	1.8	2.5	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	1,050	665	385	1.2	1.6	0.8
$125,000 and over	585	390	195	0.7	0.9	0.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,735	45,465	49,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	33,230	13,970	19,255	35.1	30.7	39.1
With employment income	61,505	31,495	30,005	64.9	69.3	60.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,580	4,610	4,970	15.6	14.6	16.6
$5,000 to $9,999	6,470	3,000	3,465	10.5	9.5	11.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,955	3,905	4,050	12.9	12.4	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,140	3,040	3,095	10.0	9.7	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,295	3,260	3,035	10.2	10.4	10.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,925	2,915	3,010	9.6	9.3	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,170	2,590	2,575	8.4	8.2	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,800	2,030	1,770	6.2	6.4	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,815	1,580	1,235	4.6	5.0	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,230	1,415	820	3.6	4.5	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,680	955	725	2.7	3.0	2.4
$100,000 and over	3,450	2,195	1,255	5.6	7.0	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,160	1,315	845	3.5	4.2	2.8
$125,000 and over	1,290	880	410	2.1	2.8	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,730	45,470	49,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,005	41,515	45,485	91.8	91.3	92.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	32,800	29,000	30,600	32,800	29,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,010	41,520	45,495	91.9	91.3	92.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,800	30,600	27,400	28,800	30,600	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,000	36,135	36,865	77.1	79.5	74.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	33,600	27,600	30,400	33,600	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,315	31,350	29,965	64.7	68.9	60.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	30,800	33,200	35,600	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,825	37,055	41,775	83.2	81.5	84.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,140	1,080	5,120	2,140	1,080	5,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,970	1,980	2,990	5.2	4.4	6.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,600	5,800	5,680	5,600	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,595	45,335	49,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,960	41,495	45,465	91.9	91.5	92.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	40,560	35,680	38,000	40,560	35,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,970	41,495	45,475	91.9	91.5	92.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,360	35,080	31,800	33,360	35,080	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,405	36,195	37,210	77.6	79.8	75.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,320	40,840	33,920	37,320	40,840	33,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,290	31,290	30,000	64.8	69.0	60.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,080	42,080	35,920	39,080	42,080	35,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	78,845	37,055	41,790	83.4	81.7	84.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160	5,505	8,620	7,160	5,505	8,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,040	1,975	3,065	5.3	4.4	6.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,910	7,330	7,170	6,910	7,330
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,590	45,340	49,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,540	13,850	11,695	27.0	30.5	23.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,600	53,600	49,600	51,600	53,600	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,300	60,100	53,950	57,300	60,100	53,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,050	11,305	11,740	24.4	24.9	23.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	24,600	22,600	23,600	24,600	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,280	31,200	27,440	29,280	31,200	27,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0	87.8	77.8	83.0	87.8	77.8
Employment income (%)	72.4	78.2	66.4	72.4	78.2	66.4
Government transfers (%)	17.1	12.1	22.2	17.1	12.1	22.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	40,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	10,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	40,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,500	...	...	91,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,440	...	...	45,440	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,040	...	...	39,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...	106,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	40,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	645	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	480	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	805	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,695	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,405	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,440	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,595	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,530	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,590	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,275	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,150	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,730	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,520	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,515	...	...	35.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,935	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,435	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,720	...	...	9.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,425	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	40,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	670	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	490	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	840	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,790	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,575	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,660	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,725	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,820	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,865	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,745	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,565	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,300	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,045	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,630	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,540	...	...	28.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,730	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,965	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,845	...	...	9.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,805	8,465	8,340	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,800	32,400	32,400	32,800	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	30,600	30,600	30,600	30,600	30,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...	104,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,100	...	...	92,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,500	...	...	85,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,500	...	...	125,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,400	...	...	80,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,200	...	...	72,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,840	8,450	8,390	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,680	39,480	39,920	39,680	39,480	39,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,600	34,360	34,840	34,600	34,360	34,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	111,745	54,220	57,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,750	10,670	10,075	18.6	19.7	17.5
0 to 5 years	6,410	3,265	3,145	5.7	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	72,365	35,325	37,040	64.8	65.2	64.4
65 years and over	18,630	8,220	10,410	16.7	15.2	18.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,835	6,800	8,030	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,575	1,845	1,735	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,210	600	605	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,085	3,735	4,350	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,175	1,225	1,950	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.3	12.6	14.0	13.3	12.6	14.0
0 to 17 years (%)	17.2	17.3	17.2	17.2	17.3	17.2
0 to 5 years (%)	18.8	18.4	19.4	18.8	18.4	19.4
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	10.6	11.7	11.2	10.6	11.7
65 years and over (%)	17.0	14.8	18.8	17.0	14.8	18.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	111,745	54,220	57,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,745	10,675	10,075	18.6	19.7	17.5
0 to 5 years	6,405	3,265	3,145	5.7	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	72,365	35,320	37,040	64.8	65.1	64.4
65 years and over	18,635	8,225	10,410	16.7	15.2	18.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,205	4,655	4,545	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,675	825	850	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	610	310	305	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,535	3,460	3,080	...	...	...
65 years and over	985	365	620	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.2	8.6	7.9	8.2	8.6	7.9
0 to 17 years (%)	8.1	7.8	8.4	8.1	7.8	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	9.4	9.7	9.6	9.4	9.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	9.8	8.3	9.0	9.8	8.3
65 years and over (%)	5.3	4.5	5.9	5.3	4.5	5.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	111,745	54,220	57,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	66,600	31,880	34,720	59.6	58.8	60.4
In bottom decile	14,030	6,850	7,185	12.6	12.6	12.5
In second decile	14,165	6,640	7,525	12.7	12.2	13.1
In third decile	13,930	6,610	7,315	12.5	12.2	12.7
In fourth decile	12,650	6,160	6,490	11.3	11.4	11.3
In fifth decile	11,825	5,610	6,210	10.6	10.3	10.8
In top half of the distribution	45,145	22,340	22,805	40.4	41.2	39.6
In sixth decile	11,235	5,475	5,760	10.1	10.1	10.0
In seventh decile	10,690	5,320	5,370	9.6	9.8	9.3
In eighth decile	9,790	4,845	4,950	8.8	8.9	8.6
In ninth decile	8,645	4,270	4,375	7.7	7.9	7.6
In top decile	4,785	2,430	2,350	4.3	4.5	4.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	111,745	...	...	111,745	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.294	...	...	0.294	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	111,785	54,240	57,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	101,850	50,155	51,700	91.1	92.5	89.9
French only	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,375	2,365	3,010	4.8	4.4	5.2
Neither English nor French	4,425	1,655	2,765	4.0	3.1	4.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	111,785	54,240	57,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	105,485	51,740	53,750	94.4	95.4	93.4
French	1,095	500	595	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	860	385	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
Neither English nor French	4,340	1,620	2,725	3.9	3.0	4.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	111,785	54,240	57,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,490	49,815	52,675	91.7	91.8	91.5
Official languages	49,310	24,475	24,835	44.1	45.1	43.2
English	48,380	24,030	24,350	43.3	44.3	42.3
French	925	445	490	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official languages	53,180	25,345	27,840	47.6	46.7	48.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	53,175	25,340	27,835	47.6	46.7	48.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,975	2,000	1,975	3.6	3.7	3.4
Berber languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	285	135	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Somali	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,680	1,855	1,825	3.3	3.4	3.2
Amharic	460	210	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arabic	2,830	1,475	1,360	2.5	2.7	2.4
Aramaic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	455	200	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	435	190	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	8,605	3,555	5,050	7.7	6.6	8.8
Bikol	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	250	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	170	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	675	290	390	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indonesian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	7,055	2,885	4,165	6.3	5.3	7.2
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	170	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	8,765	4,365	4,400	7.8	8.0	7.6
Kannada	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	725	425	305	0.6	0.8	0.5
Tamil	7,330	3,540	3,795	6.6	6.5	6.6
Telugu	645	380	265	0.6	0.7	0.5
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	21,930	10,940	10,985	19.6	20.2	19.1
Albanian	420	225	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Armenian	495	245	250	0.4	0.5	0.4
Balto-Slavic languages	1,710	755	955	1.5	1.4	1.7
Baltic languages	30	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,685	745	940	1.5	1.4	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	600	290	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Polish	325	140	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	395	175	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	315	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	310	135	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	2,380	1,130	1,255	2.1	2.1	2.2
Indo-Iranian languages	13,320	6,915	6,405	11.9	12.7	11.1
Indo-Aryan languages	10,795	5,655	5,140	9.7	10.4	8.9
Assamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	2,980	1,515	1,470	2.7	2.8	2.6
Gujarati	1,985	1,060	925	1.8	2.0	1.6
Hindi	1,340	755	580	1.2	1.4	1.0
Kacchi	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Marathi	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	715	365	345	0.6	0.7	0.6
Oriya languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	800	455	350	0.7	0.8	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	2,320	1,180	1,145	2.1	2.2	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	2,515	1,250	1,265	2.2	2.3	2.2
Baluchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	170	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Parsi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	475	240	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian languages	1,845	900	940	1.7	1.7	1.6
Dari	1,235	590	645	1.1	1.1	1.1
Iranian Persian	455	235	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	150	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,200	1,510	1,690	2.9	2.8	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	945	435	510	0.8	0.8	0.9
Portuguese	450	220	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	350	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,450	685	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	395	185	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	515	235	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Akan (Twi)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	120	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,230	3,255	3,970	6.5	6.0	6.9
Chinese languages	7,120	3,205	3,915	6.4	5.9	6.8
Hakka	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	3,345	1,485	1,860	3.0	2.7	3.2
Min Dong	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,370	1,520	1,855	3.0	2.8	3.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	490	260	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Azerbaijani	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	390	215	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Uyghur	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	390	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,300	4,430	4,870	8.3	8.2	8.5
English and French	325	140	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	7,885	3,795	4,090	7.1	7.0	7.1
French and non-official language(s)	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	750	350	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	111,785	54,240	57,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	49,835	24,605	25,225	44.6	45.4	43.8
French	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	16,640	7,745	8,885	14.9	14.3	15.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	16,640	7,745	8,885	14.9	14.3	15.4
English and French	765	360	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	41,290	19,995	21,285	36.9	36.9	37.0
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,105	510	595	1.0	0.9	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,740	830	915	1.6	1.5	1.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	111,785	54,240	57,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	100,085	48,570	51,515	89.5	89.5	89.5
Official languages	65,030	31,925	33,100	58.2	58.9	57.5
English	64,490	31,675	32,815	57.7	58.4	57.0
French	540	250	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	35,055	16,640	18,410	31.4	30.7	32.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35,055	16,640	18,410	31.4	30.7	32.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,285	1,115	1,170	2.0	2.1	2.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,130	1,045	1,085	1.9	1.9	1.9
Amharic	225	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	1,720	870	850	1.5	1.6	1.5
Aramaic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	265	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	5,260	2,310	2,955	4.7	4.3	5.1
Bikol	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	375	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,455	1,940	2,510	4.0	3.6	4.4
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	6,810	3,335	3,475	6.1	6.1	6.0
Kannada	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	475	265	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamil	5,835	2,785	3,045	5.2	5.1	5.3
Telugu	470	265	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	13,545	6,640	6,910	12.1	12.2	12.0
Albanian	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Balto-Slavic languages	845	375	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	840	370	465	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Polish	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,325	605	720	1.2	1.1	1.3
Indo-Iranian languages	9,015	4,550	4,465	8.1	8.4	7.8
Indo-Aryan languages	7,310	3,750	3,555	6.5	6.9	6.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,980	965	1,015	1.8	1.8	1.8
Gujarati	1,330	695	635	1.2	1.3	1.1
Hindi	910	495	410	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kacchi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	500	255	245	0.4	0.5	0.4
Oriya languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	580	340	240	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	1,655	820	830	1.5	1.5	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,700	790	910	1.5	1.5	1.6
Baluchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian languages	1,240	575	665	1.1	1.1	1.2
Dari	835	380	460	0.7	0.7	0.8
Iranian Persian	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,755	810	945	1.6	1.5	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	440	180	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portuguese	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	890	425	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	290	135	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,580	2,520	3,060	5.0	4.6	5.3
Chinese languages	5,515	2,495	3,025	4.9	4.6	5.3
Hakka	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	2,630	1,205	1,425	2.4	2.2	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,665	1,180	1,485	2.4	2.2	2.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	350	185	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	270	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Uyghur	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,700	5,675	6,025	10.5	10.5	10.5
English and French	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	11,060	5,385	5,675	9.9	9.9	9.9
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	111,785	54,240	57,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,440	37,155	39,280	68.4	68.5	68.3
English	14,615	7,020	7,590	13.1	12.9	13.2
French	695	345	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	15,290	7,390	7,905	13.7	13.6	13.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15,285	7,385	7,900	13.7	13.6	13.7
English and French	190	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,240	1,125	1,110	2.0	2.1	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	415	185	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,875	925	950	1.7	1.7	1.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	111,560	54,205	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	107,055	52,510	54,545	96.0	96.9	95.1
English	106,905	52,460	54,445	95.8	96.8	94.9
French	5,600	2,525	3,070	5.0	4.7	5.4
Non-official languages	70,945	34,085	36,855	63.6	62.9	64.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70,940	34,085	36,850	63.6	62.9	64.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	6,040	3,065	2,975	5.4	5.7	5.2
Berber languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	410	160	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	270	95	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,695	2,935	2,760	5.1	5.4	4.8
Amharic	750	365	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Arabic	4,770	2,500	2,265	4.3	4.6	3.9
Aramaic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hebrew	70	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	365	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	695	320	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	630	285	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	12,165	5,050	7,115	10.9	9.3	12.4
Bikol	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cebuano	485	205	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	315	125	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ilocano	1,120	465	650	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indonesian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pangasinan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	11,690	4,845	6,845	10.5	8.9	11.9
Waray-Waray	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	220	70	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
Creole languages	420	175	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haitian Creole	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dravidian languages	12,240	6,195	6,050	11.0	11.4	10.5
Kannada	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Malayalam	1,070	605	465	1.0	1.1	0.8
Tamil	10,240	5,030	5,210	9.2	9.3	9.1
Telugu	1,220	735	485	1.1	1.4	0.8
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	31,195	15,845	15,350	28.0	29.2	26.8
Albanian	490	275	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Armenian	500	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Balto-Slavic languages	2,600	1,180	1,420	2.3	2.2	2.5
Baltic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,580	1,170	1,405	2.3	2.2	2.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czech	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	940	405	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
Polish	495	200	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	555	280	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	415	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	740	335	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	610	280	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	590	280	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	3,500	1,715	1,790	3.1	3.2	3.1
Indo-Iranian languages	19,655	10,320	9,340	17.6	19.0	16.3
Indo-Aryan languages	16,985	8,965	8,030	15.2	16.5	14.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	3,745	1,880	1,870	3.4	3.5	3.3
Gujarati	2,995	1,585	1,415	2.7	2.9	2.5
Hindi	6,585	3,655	2,930	5.9	6.7	5.1
Kacchi	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	180	60	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Marathi	365	200	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nepali	960	485	470	0.9	0.9	0.8
Oriya languages	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Odia	85	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,960	1,100	860	1.8	2.0	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	830	410	415	0.7	0.8	0.7
Urdu	4,855	2,510	2,340	4.4	4.6	4.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	175	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages	3,020	1,530	1,490	2.7	2.8	2.6
Baluchi	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	255	140	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	615	360	250	0.6	0.7	0.4
Persian languages	2,325	1,145	1,175	2.1	2.1	2.0
Dari	1,595	745	850	1.4	1.4	1.5
Iranian Persian	685	345	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	175	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,515	2,195	2,320	4.0	4.0	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,405	660	745	1.3	1.2	1.3
Portuguese	585	270	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	335	135	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	2,400	1,230	1,180	2.2	2.3	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	430	190	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,190	535	660	1.1	1.0	1.2
Akan (Twi)	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gikuyu	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	480	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	305	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	8,720	3,875	4,840	7.8	7.1	8.4
Chinese languages	8,605	3,830	4,780	7.7	7.1	8.3
Hakka	220	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mandarin	4,995	2,190	2,810	4.5	4.0	4.9
Min Dong	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	4,735	2,080	2,655	4.2	3.8	4.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	705	360	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Azerbaijani	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	625	310	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Uyghur	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	490	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	410	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,560	54,200	57,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	705	315	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	675	300	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	440	195	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	110,850	53,890	56,965	99.4	99.4	99.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	111,560	54,200	57,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	140	30	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	111,420	54,170	57,250	99.9	99.9	99.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,045	...	...	56.8	...	...
Renter	17,520	...	...	43.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,250	...	...	25.3	...	...
Not condominium	30,315	...	...	74.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	435	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	7,890	...	...	19.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,195	...	...	30.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,895	...	...	29.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,145	...	...	20.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	19,505	...	...	48.1	...	...
5 rooms	6,585	...	...	16.2	...	...
6 rooms	4,685	...	...	11.6	...	...
7 rooms	3,390	...	...	8.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,390	...	...	15.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,705	...	...	90.5	...	...
More than one person per room	3,860	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,075	...	...	81.5	...	...
Not suitable	7,480	...	...	18.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	14,470	...	...	35.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,315	...	...	32.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,880	...	...	7.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,590	...	...	8.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,260	...	...	5.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,550	...	...	3.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,305	...	...	3.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,195	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	37,815	...	...	93.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,745	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,635	...	...	50.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,610	...	...	38.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,310	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	935	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,365	...	...	10.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,650	...	...	16.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,855	...	...	19.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,150	...	...	22.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,155	...	...	15.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,635	...	...	9.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,810	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	40,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,110	...	...	69.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,165	...	...	30.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,010	...	...	27.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	40,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	19,215	...	...	47.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,630	...	...	23.7	...	...
Not suitable only	5,225	...	...	12.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,360	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,615	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	740	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	460	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
Acceptable housing	21,345	...	...	52.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	39,125	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,710	...	...	22.3	...	...
Not in core need	30,415	...	...	77.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,040	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.4	...	...	58.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.0	...	...	26.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520	...	...	1,520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,668	...	...	1,668	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	794,000	...	...	794,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,515	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.8	...	...	35.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	34.0	...	...	34.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,338	...	...	1,338	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	111,555	54,205	57,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	150	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Métis single ancestry	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	745	305	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	730	305	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	535	220	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,615	53,820	56,800	99.2	99.3	99.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	111,560	54,205	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	90,505	43,755	46,745	81.1	80.7	81.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,110	9,445	8,670	16.2	17.4	15.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	72,390	34,310	38,080	64.9	63.3	66.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	21,060	10,455	10,605	18.9	19.3	18.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	111,560	54,205	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	43,560	22,165	21,400	39.0	40.9	37.3
Immigrants⁸¹	61,670	28,425	33,250	55.3	52.4	58.0
Before 1980	8,400	3,730	4,665	7.5	6.9	8.1
1980 to 1990	6,505	2,955	3,550	5.8	5.5	6.2
1991 to 2000	14,715	6,705	8,010	13.2	12.4	14.0
2001 to 2010	16,050	7,495	8,555	14.4	13.8	14.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	16,000	7,540	8,465	14.3	13.9	14.8
2011 to 2015	7,240	3,365	3,875	6.5	6.2	6.8
2016 to 2021	8,760	4,170	4,590	7.9	7.7	8.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,330	3,620	2,705	5.7	6.7	4.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	61,665	28,420	33,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,020	2,065	1,955	6.5	7.3	5.9
5 to 14 years	9,200	4,525	4,675	14.9	15.9	14.1
15 to 24 years	11,630	5,060	6,575	18.9	17.8	19.8
25 to 44 years	29,900	13,790	16,105	48.5	48.5	48.4
45 years and over	6,915	2,975	3,940	11.2	10.5	11.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	61,665	28,420	33,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	8,625	3,625	5,000	14.0	12.8	15.0
Brazil	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyana	2,730	1,195	1,540	4.4	4.2	4.6
Haiti	75	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaica	1,975	795	1,185	3.2	2.8	3.6
Mexico	180	100	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Peru	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	1,125	450	675	1.8	1.6	2.0
United States of America	590	235	360	1.0	0.8	1.1
Other places of birth in Americas	1,525	640	880	2.5	2.3	2.6
Europe	7,000	3,240	3,760	11.4	11.4	11.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	70	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatia	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
France	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	330	155	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greece	1,880	900	985	3.0	3.2	3.0
Hungary	205	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	750	375	380	1.2	1.3	1.1
Netherlands	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	395	160	230	0.6	0.6	0.7
Portugal	215	115	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romania	290	120	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	135	75	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbia⁸⁶	105	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	970	415	555	1.6	1.5	1.7
Other places of birth in Europe	1,365	640	725	2.2	2.3	2.2
Africa	3,200	1,395	1,805	5.2	4.9	5.4
Algeria	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Egypt	305	145	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Eritrea	215	90	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ethiopia	685	320	365	1.1	1.1	1.1
Morocco	135	35	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Nigeria	220	120	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Somalia	215	85	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	1,235	550	690	2.0	1.9	2.1
Asia	42,745	20,125	22,620	69.3	70.8	68.0
Afghanistan	1,350	615	730	2.2	2.2	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	525	295	230	0.9	1.0	0.7
Iraq	495	265	235	0.8	0.9	0.7
Lebanon	830	425	400	1.3	1.5	1.2
Syria⁸⁹	815	400	420	1.3	1.4	1.3
Turkey	235	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
China⁹⁰	4,265	1,960	2,305	6.9	6.9	6.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,350	575	775	2.2	2.0	2.3
Korea, South⁹²	345	155	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	135	45	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	11,515	4,825	6,690	18.7	17.0	20.1
Viet Nam	660	315	345	1.1	1.1	1.0
Bangladesh	2,590	1,280	1,305	4.2	4.5	3.9
India	6,190	3,265	2,925	10.0	11.5	8.8
Pakistan	2,265	1,170	1,100	3.7	4.1	3.3
Sri Lanka	6,445	3,040	3,410	10.5	10.7	10.3
Other places of birth in Asia	2,740	1,385	1,355	4.4	4.9	4.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	105	40	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,760	4,170	4,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	650	265	380	7.4	6.4	8.3
Brazil	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	140	80	65	1.6	1.9	1.4
Mexico	35	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.7
United States of America	115	30	85	1.3	0.7	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	260	105	150	3.0	2.5	3.3
Europe	375	190	180	4.3	4.6	3.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	30	20	15	0.3	0.5	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Russian Federation	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Europe	265	120	145	3.0	2.9	3.2
Africa	685	260	430	7.8	6.2	9.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Côte d'Ivoire	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Egypt	50	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.7
Eritrea	75	30	50	0.9	0.7	1.1
Ethiopia	105	35	70	1.2	0.8	1.5
Morocco	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Nigeria	110	55	55	1.3	1.3	1.2
Somalia	30	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	185	65	115	2.1	1.6	2.5
Asia	7,035	3,445	3,590	80.3	82.6	78.1
Afghanistan	400	180	220	4.6	4.3	4.8
Bangladesh	360	160	200	4.1	3.8	4.4
China⁹⁰	495	210	285	5.7	5.0	6.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	30	25	0.6	0.7	0.5
India	2,215	1,185	1,025	25.3	28.4	22.3
Iran⁸⁸	90	45	45	1.0	1.1	1.0
Iraq	125	75	50	1.4	1.8	1.1
Israel	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Lebanon	100	45	50	1.1	1.1	1.1
Nepal	250	120	130	2.9	2.9	2.8
Pakistan	240	115	120	2.7	2.8	2.6
Philippines	1,360	595	765	15.5	14.3	16.6
Saudi Arabia	170	100	70	1.9	2.4	1.5
Sri Lanka	395	195	195	4.5	4.7	4.2
Syria⁸⁹	520	255	270	5.9	6.1	5.9
Turkey	75	40	30	0.9	1.0	0.7
United Arab Emirates	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	95	55	45	1.1	1.3	1.0
Oceania and other⁹³	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	111,560	54,205	57,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	68,765	32,400	36,360	61.6	59.8	63.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,815	14,980	13,835	25.8	27.6	24.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	13,980	6,820	7,155	12.5	12.6	12.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	53,270	24,690	28,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	24,300	11,715	12,585	45.6	47.4	44.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,200	5,775	5,415	21.0	23.4	18.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	13,105	5,940	7,170	24.6	24.1	25.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	17,835	7,135	10,700	33.5	28.9	37.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10,085	5,375	4,705	18.9	21.8	16.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	1,050	460	590	2.0	1.9	2.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	53,270	24,690	28,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	6,050	3,415	2,635	11.4	13.8	9.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,950	1,885	3,065	9.3	7.6	10.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	560	275	280	1.1	1.1	1.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,455	865	1,590	4.6	3.5	5.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	240	100	145	0.5	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	39,015	18,150	20,865	73.2	73.5	73.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	111,560	54,200	57,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	83,025	40,325	42,700	74.4	74.4	74.4
South Asian	31,780	16,385	15,400	28.5	30.2	26.9
Chinese	8,890	4,060	4,830	8.0	7.5	8.4
Black	11,060	5,100	5,960	9.9	9.4	10.4
Filipino	14,645	6,540	8,110	13.1	12.1	14.1
Arab	3,765	1,965	1,800	3.4	3.6	3.1
Latin American	1,840	945	890	1.6	1.7	1.6
Southeast Asian	1,340	655	685	1.2	1.2	1.2
West Asian	2,960	1,525	1,440	2.7	2.8	2.5
Korean	475	210	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Japanese	330	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	2,630	1,205	1,420	2.4	2.2	2.5
Multiple visible minorities	3,310	1,580	1,730	3.0	2.9	3.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,530	13,880	14,655	25.6	25.6	25.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	111,560	54,205	57,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,480	3,450	3,030	5.8	6.4	5.3
English	5,830	2,835	2,995	5.2	5.2	5.2
Irish	4,925	2,230	2,695	4.4	4.1	4.7
Scottish	4,505	2,060	2,445	4.0	3.8	4.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,875	815	1,055	1.7	1.5	1.8
German	2,115	935	1,180	1.9	1.7	2.1
Chinese	9,685	4,430	5,250	8.7	8.2	9.2
Italian	3,000	1,450	1,555	2.7	2.7	2.7
Indian (India)	11,655	6,150	5,505	10.4	11.3	9.6
Ukrainian	620	280	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Dutch	585	215	370	0.5	0.4	0.6
Polish	1,060	495	565	1.0	0.9	1.0
Québécois	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,740	820	920	1.6	1.5	1.6
Filipino	13,580	6,050	7,530	12.2	11.2	13.1
French Canadian	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	710	335	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Métis	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	635	310	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	425	185	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Welsh	405	165	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	1,315	625	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
American	320	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,640	755	885	1.5	1.4	1.5
Swedish	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	540	310	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Acadian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	2,795	1,475	1,325	2.5	2.7	2.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,255	1,095	1,160	2.0	2.0	2.0
Jewish	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	440	250	190	0.4	0.5	0.3
Vietnamese	715	345	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,635	855	775	1.5	1.6	1.4
Greek	4,120	2,035	2,080	3.7	3.8	3.6
Jamaican	2,545	1,165	1,375	2.3	2.1	2.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,380	1,165	1,220	2.1	2.1	2.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	525	240	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	385	175	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lebanese	1,135	575	560	1.0	1.1	1.0
Iranian	475	270	205	0.4	0.5	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	680	325	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Danish	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sikh	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Belgian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	2,255	1,120	1,135	2.0	2.1	2.0
Mexican	335	200	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mennonite	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	5,525	2,685	2,845	5.0	5.0	5.0
Croatian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	400	185	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,175	1,100	1,075	1.9	2.0	1.9
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,190	580	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
Egyptian	425	225	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	400	200	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	4,610	2,315	2,295	4.1	4.3	4.0
Icelandic	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	235	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	465	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyanese	2,170	1,035	1,135	1.9	1.9	2.0
Afghan	1,875	905	970	1.7	1.7	1.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	1,025	435	590	0.9	0.8	1.0
Serbian	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	370	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ontarian	115	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	360	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	890	400	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Turkish	445	235	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	2,375	1,205	1,170	2.1	2.2	2.0
Algerian	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazilian	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	305	115	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Armenian	575	290	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slovak	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	405	180	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwanese	160	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	330	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Salvadorean	175	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	620	290	330	0.6	0.5	0.6
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	690	345	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	245	150	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	880	420	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	905	355	555	0.8	0.7	1.0
Lithuanian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	270	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chilean	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	525	260	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	615	335	280	0.6	0.6	0.5
Maltese	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	1,010	470	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Slovenian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	365	190	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eritrean	325	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Canadian	265	140	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Israeli	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	385	165	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
African American	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	50	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	840	445	400	0.8	0.8	0.7
Cameroonian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	160	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Irish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	270	155	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Fijian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	705	345	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igbo	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	90	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	285	115	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jordanian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	120	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Malayali	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mayan	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Flemish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	55	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Goan	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Zimbabwean	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	300	115	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ugandan	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tanzanian	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yemeni	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	130	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Roma	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amhara	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	111,560	54,205	57,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,820	765	1,050	1.6	1.4	1.8
Christian	53,500	24,245	29,255	48.0	44.7	51.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,115	4,730	5,390	9.1	8.7	9.4
Anabaptist	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	2,025	845	1,180	1.8	1.6	2.1
Baptist	1,140	530	615	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catholic	26,460	12,060	14,400	23.7	22.2	25.1
Christian Orthodox	6,315	2,995	3,320	5.7	5.5	5.8
Jehovah's Witness	320	115	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	400	175	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	335	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,670	650	1,020	1.5	1.2	1.8
Presbyterian	865	330	530	0.8	0.6	0.9
Reformed	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,500	640	855	1.3	1.2	1.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,185	940	1,250	2.0	1.7	2.2
Hindu	15,505	8,060	7,445	13.9	14.9	13.0
Jewish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	19,375	9,830	9,545	17.4	18.1	16.6
Sikh	710	395	310	0.6	0.7	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	580	290	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	19,930	10,550	9,385	17.9	19.5	16.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	110,525	53,640	56,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,410	48,510	51,905	90.8	90.4	91.3
Movers	10,110	5,135	4,980	9.1	9.6	8.8
Non-migrants	7,435	3,845	3,585	6.7	7.2	6.3
Migrants	2,675	1,285	1,395	2.4	2.4	2.5
Internal migrants	1,240	575	665	1.1	1.1	1.2
Intraprovincial migrants	960	425	535	0.9	0.8	0.9
Interprovincial migrants	280	150	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
External migrants	1,435	710	725	1.3	1.3	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	106,395	51,460	54,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	71,635	34,045	37,590	67.3	66.2	68.4
Movers	34,755	17,415	17,340	32.7	33.8	31.6
Non-migrants	19,780	9,550	10,225	18.6	18.6	18.6
Migrants	14,980	7,860	7,120	14.1	15.3	13.0
Internal migrants	4,380	2,225	2,155	4.1	4.3	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	3,500	1,740	1,765	3.3	3.4	3.2
Interprovincial migrants	880	490	390	0.8	1.0	0.7
External migrants	10,600	5,640	4,965	10.0	11.0	9.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,590	45,335	49,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,970	8,420	9,550	19.0	18.6	19.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,620	36,920	39,705	81.0	81.4	80.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,385	29,685	31,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,655	3,840	3,815	12.5	12.9	12.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,725	25,845	27,880	87.5	87.1	87.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,595	45,335	49,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,805	7,830	8,980	17.8	17.3	18.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	27,495	13,870	13,620	29.1	30.6	27.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,290	23,635	26,655	53.2	52.1	54.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,080	10,850	12,225	24.4	23.9	24.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,725	2,415	1,310	3.9	5.3	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,180	1,305	870	2.3	2.9	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,555	1,110	445	1.6	2.4	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,310	7,020	9,295	17.2	15.5	18.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,045	1,420	1,620	3.2	3.1	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	27,210	12,785	14,425	28.8	28.2	29.3
Bachelor's degree	18,920	8,570	10,350	20.0	18.9	21.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,820	875	945	1.9	1.9	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	495	200	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	5,555	2,870	2,680	5.9	6.3	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	430	270	160	0.5	0.6	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,385	29,685	31,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,935	3,505	3,425	11.3	11.8	10.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,430	8,225	7,200	25.1	27.7	22.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,025	17,950	21,070	63.6	60.5	66.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,980	7,740	9,235	27.7	26.1	29.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,485	1,585	905	4.0	5.3	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,505	900	600	2.5	3.0	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	985	680	300	1.6	2.3	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,320	5,175	7,145	20.1	17.4	22.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,170	990	1,185	3.5	3.3	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,045	10,210	11,840	35.9	34.4	37.4
Bachelor's degree	14,955	6,710	8,240	24.4	22.6	26.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,405	655	750	2.3	2.2	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	440	160	280	0.7	0.5	0.9
Master's degree	4,900	2,480	2,420	8.0	8.4	7.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	350	200	145	0.6	0.7	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,595	45,335	49,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	44,300	21,700	22,605	46.8	47.9	45.9
Education	2,350	520	1,830	2.5	1.1	3.7
13. Education	2,350	520	1,830	2.5	1.1	3.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,445	685	760	1.5	1.5	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,260	570	690	1.3	1.3	1.4
Humanities	2,515	820	1,695	2.7	1.8	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	310	40	270	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	610	165	450	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	890	320	570	0.9	0.7	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	275	105	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,320	1,630	3,690	5.6	3.6	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	550	200	345	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,060	90	965	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	680	205	475	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	745	180	560	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	2,100	900	1,195	2.2	2.0	2.4
Business, management and public administration	12,905	5,675	7,225	13.6	12.5	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	925	200	725	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,930	5,450	6,480	12.6	12.0	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,525	1,155	1,365	2.7	2.5	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,015	435	580	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	630	280	350	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
40. Physical sciences	630	355	275	0.7	0.8	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,670	2,345	1,325	3.9	5.2	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,070	2,050	1,015	3.2	4.5	2.1
25. Library science	100	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	440	240	200	0.5	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,580	8,085	1,495	10.1	17.8	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	490	300	190	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	4,350	3,370	975	4.6	7.4	2.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,955	1,710	245	2.1	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,005	990	15	1.1	2.2	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,225	1,170	60	1.3	2.6	0.1
48. Precision production	555	545	10	0.6	1.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	560	315	250	0.6	0.7	0.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	405	230	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	7,370	1,430	5,940	7.8	3.2	12.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	155	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,025	1,250	5,770	7.4	2.8	11.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,040	970	1,070	2.2	2.1	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,255	355	900	1.3	0.8	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	470	360	110	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	300	240	60	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,380	29,685	31,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,360	11,735	10,625	36.4	39.5	33.5
Education	1,585	330	1,255	2.6	1.1	4.0
13. Education	1,585	330	1,255	2.6	1.1	4.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,065	510	555	1.7	1.7	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	960	455	515	1.6	1.5	1.6
Humanities	1,890	570	1,315	3.1	1.9	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	25	205	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	475	130	350	0.8	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	690	235	455	1.1	0.8	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	200	65	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,365	1,280	3,080	7.1	4.3	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	15	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	470	160	310	0.8	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	850	75	775	1.4	0.3	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	580	160	425	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	560	130	425	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,735	710	1,025	2.8	2.4	3.2
Business, management and public administration	10,170	4,390	5,775	16.6	14.8	18.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	710	165	540	1.2	0.6	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,415	4,210	5,210	15.3	14.2	16.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,825	860	970	3.0	2.9	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	755	355	405	1.2	1.2	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	460	205	255	0.7	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	465	255	205	0.8	0.9	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,115	1,970	1,145	5.1	6.6	3.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,665	1,750	910	4.3	5.9	2.9
25. Library science	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	345	195	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,220	5,950	1,270	11.8	20.0	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	335	195	140	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	3,540	2,680	865	5.8	9.0	2.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,445	1,255	195	2.4	4.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	670	650	20	1.1	2.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	885	850	40	1.4	2.9	0.1
48. Precision production	335	325	10	0.5	1.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	425	215	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	300	155	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	5,825	1,130	4,695	9.5	3.8	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	110	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,545	1,000	4,550	9.0	3.4	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,540	740	800	2.5	2.5	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	930	250	680	1.5	0.8	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	375	290	85	0.6	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	195	35	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,380	29,685	31,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,360	11,735	10,625	36.4	39.5	33.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,025	17,955	21,070	63.6	60.5	66.5
Location of study inside Canada	21,535	9,740	11,795	35.1	32.8	37.2
Same as province or territory of residence	20,750	9,365	11,385	33.8	31.5	35.9
Different than province or territory of residence	785	375	410	1.3	1.3	1.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	17,485	8,210	9,275	28.5	27.7	29.3
Americas	1,425	745	680	2.3	2.5	2.1
United States of America	620	355	265	1.0	1.2	0.8
Mexico	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Brazil	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	365	210	155	0.6	0.7	0.5
Europe	1,350	755	595	2.2	2.5	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	370	205	170	0.6	0.7	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	325	195	135	0.5	0.7	0.4
Africa	760	365	390	1.2	1.2	1.2
Nigeria	190	75	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algeria	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	130	80	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	315	160	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Asia	13,825	6,280	7,545	22.5	21.2	23.8
Iran⁸⁸	130	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	210	90	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,155	535	620	1.9	1.8	2.0
Taiwan	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japan	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	4,435	1,655	2,785	7.2	5.6	8.8
Viet Nam	30	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	1,055	460	590	1.7	1.5	1.9
Sri Lanka	620	230	395	1.0	0.8	1.2
India	4,025	2,180	1,840	6.6	7.3	5.8
Pakistan	765	420	345	1.2	1.4	1.1
Other locations of study in Asia	720	340	385	1.2	1.1	1.2
Oceania	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,595	45,335	49,260	...	...	...
In the labour force	56,025	29,175	26,855	...	...	...
Employed	47,210	25,060	22,145	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,820	4,110	4,705	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,565	16,160	22,405	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.2	64.4	54.5	59.2	64.4	54.5
Employment rate	49.9	55.3	45.0	49.9	55.3	45.0
Unemployment rate	15.7	14.1	17.5	15.7	14.1	17.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,595	45,335	49,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	41,525	17,805	23,720	43.9	39.3	48.2
Worked	53,070	27,530	25,540	56.1	60.7	51.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,570	14,500	12,070	28.1	32.0	24.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,495	13,030	13,470	28.0	28.7	27.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	39.9	38.7	39.3	39.9	38.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	56,030	29,175	26,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,530	1,095	1,440	4.5	3.8	5.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,495	28,075	25,415	95.5	96.2	94.6
Employee	47,280	23,775	23,505	84.4	81.5	87.5
Permanent position	39,185	19,955	19,230	69.9	68.4	71.6
Temporary position	8,095	3,825	4,270	14.4	13.1	15.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,095	1,470	1,625	5.5	5.0	6.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,000	2,355	2,645	8.9	8.1	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,210	4,300	1,910	11.1	14.7	7.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	56,030	29,175	26,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,530	1,095	1,440	4.5	3.8	5.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,495	28,075	25,415	95.5	96.2	94.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	200	110	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,655	3,400	6,260	17.2	11.7	23.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,240	3,935	1,305	9.4	13.5	4.9
3 Health occupations	4,330	780	3,550	7.7	2.7	13.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,715	1,240	3,480	8.4	4.3	13.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,210	620	585	2.2	2.1	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	16,015	8,005	8,010	28.6	27.4	29.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,410	7,570	835	15.0	25.9	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	380	320	65	0.7	1.1	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,345	2,105	1,245	6.0	7.2	4.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	56,030	29,175	26,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,530	1,095	1,440	4.5	3.8	5.4
All industries¹⁹¹	53,495	28,075	25,415	95.5	96.2	94.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	90	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
22 Utilities	225	145	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
23 Construction	2,945	2,620	325	5.3	9.0	1.2
31-33 Manufacturing	4,845	3,360	1,485	8.6	11.5	5.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,730	1,160	575	3.1	4.0	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,220	3,160	3,055	11.1	10.8	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,360	2,695	660	6.0	9.2	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,500	815	685	2.7	2.8	2.6
52 Finance and insurance	4,040	1,865	2,175	7.2	6.4	8.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,270	720	550	2.3	2.5	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,475	2,520	1,955	8.0	8.6	7.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	235	135	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,820	2,165	1,655	6.8	7.4	6.2
61 Educational services	3,175	1,140	2,035	5.7	3.9	7.6
62 Health care and social assistance	7,080	1,350	5,735	12.6	4.6	21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	670	355	315	1.2	1.2	1.2
72 Accommodation and food services	4,030	2,125	1,905	7.2	7.3	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,125	935	1,190	3.8	3.2	4.4
91 Public administration	1,595	715	875	2.8	2.5	3.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,330	30,855	28,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,530	28,630	25,895	91.9	92.8	90.9
French	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	755	355	400	1.3	1.2	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	755	355	400	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	635	225	410	1.1	0.7	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	3,120	1,540	1,580	5.3	5.0	5.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,330	30,855	28,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	58,575	30,465	28,115	98.7	98.7	98.7
Official languages	57,160	29,795	27,360	96.3	96.6	96.1
English	56,950	29,745	27,210	96.0	96.4	95.5
French	205	55	150	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	1,415	660	750	2.4	2.1	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,415	660	750	2.4	2.1	2.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	85	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	150	85	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	310	160	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	150	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	35	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	745	325	420	1.3	1.1	1.5
Chinese languages	745	325	420	1.3	1.1	1.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	420	190	225	0.7	0.6	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	325	130	190	0.5	0.4	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	760	395	365	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	130	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	600	340	260	1.0	1.1	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,330	30,855	28,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,085	29,370	26,710	94.5	95.2	93.8
English	590	270	325	1.0	0.9	1.1
French	440	175	265	0.7	0.6	0.9
Non-official language	1,830	890	940	3.1	2.9	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,830	890	940	3.1	2.9	3.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	260	120	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	47,205	25,060	22,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,590	5,360	6,235	24.6	21.4	28.2
Worked outside Canada	165	130	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,405	4,780	1,625	13.6	19.1	7.3
Usual place of work	29,050	14,795	14,260	61.5	59.0	64.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,050	14,790	14,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,140	11,465	12,670	83.1	77.5	88.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,875	3,305	1,570	16.8	22.3	11.0
Commute to a different province or territory	35	25	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	35,450	19,570	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,775	14,280	8,500	64.2	73.0	53.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	19,890	13,530	6,360	56.1	69.1	40.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,880	745	2,140	8.1	3.8	13.5
Public transit	10,310	4,250	6,060	29.1	21.7	38.2
Walked	1,365	570	800	3.9	2.9	5.0
Bicycle	135	130	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Other method	865	350	515	2.4	1.8	3.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	35,450	19,570	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	6,045	3,045	3,000	17.1	15.6	18.9
15 to 29 minutes	9,745	5,455	4,290	27.5	27.9	27.0
30 to 44 minutes	9,460	5,730	3,730	26.7	29.3	23.5
45 to 59 minutes	4,595	2,505	2,090	13.0	12.8	13.2
60 minutes and over	5,615	2,840	2,775	15.8	14.5	17.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	35,450	19,570	15,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,325	1,535	790	6.6	7.8	5.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,390	3,100	2,285	15.2	15.8	14.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,290	3,850	3,440	20.6	19.7	21.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,630	3,210	3,425	18.7	16.4	21.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,015	3,285	2,725	17.0	16.8	17.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,810	4,595	3,220	22.0	23.5	20.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,190	10,915	10,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,885	950	935	8.9	8.7	9.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,310	9,965	9,345	91.1	91.3	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,550	8,060	7,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,505	755	750	9.7	9.4	10.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,080	520	565	6.9	6.5	7.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	430	235	195	2.8	2.9	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,040	7,305	6,735	90.3	90.6	89.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 15, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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