Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SelkirkMore information: Manitoba [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	9,761	...	...
Population, 2016¹	9,604^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	1.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	4,383	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,180	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,646.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	5.93	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	9,760	4,550	5,205
0 to 14 years	1,535	770	765
0 to 4 years	500	245	260
5 to 9 years	525	275	255
10 to 14 years	505	250	255
15 to 64 years	5,855	2,780	3,070
15 to 19 years	510	260	250
20 to 24 years	635	305	330
25 to 29 years	640	310	330
30 to 34 years	620	310	305
35 to 39 years	565	270	295
40 to 44 years	490	230	255
45 to 49 years	495	225	270
50 to 54 years	590	270	315
55 to 59 years	650	285	360
60 to 64 years	660	315	345
65 years and over	2,365	1,000	1,370
65 to 69 years	650	315	330
70 to 74 years	585	265	320
75 to 79 years	425	160	265
80 to 84 years	340	135	205
85 years and over	375	120	255
85 to 89 years	240	90	150
90 to 94 years	95	25	70
95 to 99 years	30	5	20
100 years and over	10	0	10
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.7	16.9	14.7
15 to 64 years	60.0	61.1	59.0
65 years and over	24.2	22.0	26.3
85 years and over	3.8	2.6	4.9
Average age of the population	43.8	42.2	45.3
Median age of the population	43.6	41.2	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,180	...	...
Single-detached house	2,550	...	...
Semi-detached house	140	...	...
Row house	265	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	945	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	265	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,180	...	...
1 person	1,435	...	...
2 persons	1,420	...	...
3 persons	645	...	...
4 persons	435	...	...
5 or more persons	240	...	...
Number of persons in private households	9,310	4,340	4,975
Average household size	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	8,225	3,785	4,440
Married or living common-law	3,965	1,975	1,990
Married	3,040	1,515	1,525
Living common-law	925	460	465
Living common law - Never married	690	345	350
Living common law - Separated	40	20	15
Living common law - Divorced	170	85	85
Living common law - Widowed	25	10	15
Not married and not living common-law	4,255	1,810	2,450
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,465	1,285	1,180
Not married and not living common law - Separated	310	125	190
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	700	260	445
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	780	145	640
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,650	...	...
2 persons	1,485	...	...
3 persons	635	...	...
4 persons	390	...	...
5 or more persons	145	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,650	...	...
Total couple families	1,910	...	...
Married couples	1,445	...	...
With children⁶	630	...	...
Without children	815	...	...
Common-law couples	465	...	...
With children⁶	225	...	...
Without children	240	...	...
Total one-parent families	745	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	615	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	125	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	9,310	4,340	4,975
Total - Persons in census families	7,235	3,460	3,770
Married spouses or common-law partners	3,815	1,900	1,920
Parents in one-parent families	745	130	615
Children⁶	2,670	1,435	1,235
In a two-parent family	1,490	785	700
In a one-parent family	1,180	650	530
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,080	875	1,205
Living alone	1,440	545	890
Living with other relatives⁷	290	145	140
Living with non-relatives only	360	180	175
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,180	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,315	...	...
Couple-family households	1,725	...	...
With children⁶	765	...	...
Without children	960	...	...
One-parent-family households	590	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	110	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	25	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	125	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	165	...	...
One-person households	1,435	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	7,780	3,565	4,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,515	3,435	4,085
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,515	3,435	4,085
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,470	3,005	3,470
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	38,800	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,850	2,375	2,475
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,010	3,130	3,880
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	8,900	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	910	435	475
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,700	735	965
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	7,930	3,625	4,305
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,695	3,505	4,190
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,480	49,720	40,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,695	3,505	4,190
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,760	41,200	34,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,620	3,025	3,595
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,640	46,480	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,985	2,370	2,610
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,920	48,160	34,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,180	3,210	3,975
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,040	10,420	13,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	930	405	515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,340	6,560	6,180
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,800	725	1,075
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,970	8,960	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	7,925	3,625	4,305
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,320	1,215	1,105
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	57,200	47,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,650	66,400	52,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,940	795	1,140
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	20,800	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,040	32,900	22,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	74.8	80.8	68.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.6	65.6	53.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	25.3	19.2	31.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	4.8	7.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.7	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	7,775	3,570	4,210
Without total income	260	135	125
With total income	7,520	3,430	4,085
Under $10,000 (including loss)	605	290	315
$10,000 to $19,999	890	350	535
$20,000 to $29,999	1,385	510	880
$30,000 to $39,999	1,165	460	705
$40,000 to $49,999	955	415	545
$50,000 to $59,999	760	360	405
$60,000 to $69,999	515	255	260
$70,000 to $79,999	370	230	145
$80,000 to $89,999	275	170	100
$90,000 to $99,999	185	110	75
$100,000 and over	400	285	115
$100,000 to $149,999	305	210	95
$150,000 and over	90	70	20
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	7,775	3,570	4,210
Without after-tax income	260	135	125
With after-tax income	7,520	3,430	4,085
Under $10,000 (including loss)	625	290	340
$10,000 to $19,999	980	390	585
$20,000 to $29,999	1,630	620	1,010
$30,000 to $39,999	1,370	555	815
$40,000 to $49,999	1,090	505	580
$50,000 to $59,999	690	375	315
$60,000 to $69,999	455	255	200
$70,000 to $79,999	315	190	125
$80,000 to $89,999	125	80	40
$90,000 to $99,999	85	55	30
$100,000 and over	150	110	40
$100,000 to $124,999	85	55	25
$125,000 and over	70	50	15
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	7,775	3,570	4,210
Without employment income	2,930	1,190	1,735
With employment income	4,850	2,375	2,470
Under $5,000 (including loss)	620	285	340
$5,000 to $9,999	360	140	225
$10,000 to $19,999	630	265	365
$20,000 to $29,999	585	230	355
$30,000 to $39,999	550	235	315
$40,000 to $49,999	515	235	280
$50,000 to $59,999	435	235	200
$60,000 to $69,999	290	180	115
$70,000 to $79,999	225	155	70
$80,000 to $89,999	200	115	90
$90,000 to $99,999	155	95	60
$100,000 and over	275	210	60
$100,000 to $124,999	145	105	45
$125,000 and over	125	105	20
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	7,780	3,565	4,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,355	3,350	4,005
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,355	3,350	4,010
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	36,800	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,425	2,990	3,435
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	39,200	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	4,925	2,425	2,505
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,570	2,925	3,640
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	3,400	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	695	335	355
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,320	6,700	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	7,930	3,625	4,305
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,495	3,395	4,100
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,240	48,560	36,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,495	3,395	4,100
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,680	40,000	32,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,600	3,030	3,570
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,600	46,760	31,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,090	2,430	2,660
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,480	47,360	34,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,705	2,970	3,740
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,220	7,920	10,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	715	330	385
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,260	6,360	8,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	7,925	3,625	4,305
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	2,325	1,220	1,105
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,600	56,800	43,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	55,950	62,500	48,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	1,815	760	1,050
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	29,200	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,520	39,600	27,450
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	80.4	85.8	74.6
Employment income (%)	65.0	69.8	59.9
Government transfers (%)	19.5	14.2	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,180	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,435	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	2,745	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,240	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,450	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,790	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,180	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	225	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	235	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	190	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	205	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	215	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	375	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	325	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	310	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	260	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	240	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,175	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	430	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	285	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	305	...	...
$200,000 and over	155	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,180	...	...
Under $5,000	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	245	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	260	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	230	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	260	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	250	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	205	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	375	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	280	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	210	...	...
$100,000 and over	830	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	400	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	210	...	...
$150,000 and over	215	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,630	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	980	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	870	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	690	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,790	730	1,065
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	38,000	32,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	34,000	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,660	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	83,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	995	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	890	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	690	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,820	760	1,060
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,160	45,900	43,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,400	38,300	36,700
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	9,315	4,335	4,975
0 to 17 years	1,840	930	910
0 to 5 years	600	290	310
18 to 64 years	5,375	2,540	2,840
65 years and over	2,095	870	1,220
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,600	655	945
0 to 17 years	485	235	240
0 to 5 years	175	85	95
18 to 64 years	785	310	470
65 years and over	335	100	230
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.1	15.0	19.0
0 to 17 years (%)	26.2	25.8	26.6
0 to 5 years (%)	29.4	29.2	29.6
18 to 64 years (%)	14.6	12.4	16.6
65 years and over (%)	15.8	11.4	18.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	9,310	4,340	4,975
0 to 17 years	1,840	925	910
0 to 5 years	600	290	310
18 to 64 years	5,380	2,540	2,840
65 years and over	2,090	870	1,225
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	465	220	245
0 to 17 years	110	55	55
0 to 5 years	40	25	15
18 to 64 years	330	155	175
65 years and over	25	10	20
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.0	5.0	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	6.4	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	8.0	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	5.9	6.2
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	9,315	4,335	4,975
In bottom half of the distribution	5,920	2,630	3,285
In bottom decile	1,400	590	805
In second decile	1,360	570	790
In third decile	1,070	480	590
In fourth decile	1,120	540	575
In fifth decile	975	450	525
In top half of the distribution	3,395	1,705	1,685
In sixth decile	915	455	460
In seventh decile	805	390	415
In eighth decile	760	385	370
In ninth decile	580	300	280
In top decile	335	175	160
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	9,310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.467	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	9,325	4,345	4,980
English only	8,810	4,130	4,680
French only	5	0	0
English and French	480	205	275
Neither English nor French	35	15	20
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	9,325	4,345	4,980
English	9,200	4,290	4,910
French	90	40	45
English and French	5	5	0
Neither English nor French	35	15	20
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	9,325	4,345	4,980
Single responses	9,180	4,290	4,895
Official languages	8,455	3,965	4,485
English	8,345	3,920	4,425
French	105	50	60
Non-official languages	730	320	405
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	20	25
Algonquian languages	45	20	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	20	10	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	10	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	10	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	680	300	385
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	40	40
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	35	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	25	10	15
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	525	220	300
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	135	50	85
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	135	50	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	30	10	15
Russian	10	5	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	85	35	55
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	105	40	65
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	65	25	40
German	60	20	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	15	5	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	10	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	0	5
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	250	110	140
Indo-Aryan languages	245	110	140
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10
Hindi	5	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	225	100	125
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0
Portuguese	10	5	5
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	145	60	85
English and French	45	15	30
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	55
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	9,325	4,345	4,980
English	8,675	4,055	4,620
French	15	5	10
Non-official language	135	70	65
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	135	70	65
English and French	45	25	25
English and non-official language(s)	415	185	235
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	9,325	4,345	4,980
Single responses	9,220	4,295	4,925
Official languages	8,890	4,145	4,740
English	8,870	4,140	4,730
French	20	10	10
Non-official languages	330	150	180
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	5	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	325	150	180
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	15	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	20
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	5	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	240	110	130
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	5	5
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	10	5	5
German	10	5	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	95	115
Indo-Aryan languages	210	95	115
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10
Hindi	5	5	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	85	105
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	5	0	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	0	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	105	55	55
English and French	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	105	50	50
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	9,325	4,350	4,980
None	8,915	4,170	4,745
English	155	65	90
French	40	25	15
Non-official language	165	75	95
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10
Non-Indigenous	150	65	85
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	9,530	4,440	5,090
Official languages	9,505	4,425	5,080
English	9,500	4,425	5,075
French	460	145	315
Non-official languages	945	395	545
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	30	80
Algonquian languages	110	30	80
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	55	15	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	55	15	45
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	15	30
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	20	35
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	55	20	35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35	15	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	835	365	470
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	15	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	90	45	40
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	45	40
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	55	30	20
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	55	30	20
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	635	270	365
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	65	85
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	155	65	85
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	30	15	20
Russian	20	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	115	50	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	140	40	95
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	90	35	55
German	90	35	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	15	40
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	20	0	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	25	10	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	310	135	180
Indo-Aryan languages	310	135	180
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	25	15	15
Hindi	125	50	75
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	260	105	155
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	40	25	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	0	10
Portuguese	10	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	20	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	0	10
American Sign Language	10	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,530	4,435	5,090
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,380	1,635	1,740
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,270	1,600	1,665
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,445	700	745
Métis	1,820	900	920
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100	35	65
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	15	0	15
Non-Indigenous identity	6,150	2,800	3,355
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,530	4,435	5,090
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,245	555	685
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,280	3,880	4,400
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,240	...	...
Owner	2,495	...	...
Renter	1,745	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,240	...	...
Condominium	265	...	...
Not condominium	3,975	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,240	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...
1 bedroom	665	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,325	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,485	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,240	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,400	...	...
5 rooms	710	...	...
6 rooms	770	...	...
7 rooms	470	...	...
8 or more rooms	895	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,240	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,160	...	...
More than one person per room	80	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,240	...	...
Suitable	4,030	...	...
Not suitable	210	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,240	...	...
1960 or before	1,260	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,655	...	...
1981 to 1990	325	...	...
1991 to 2000	275	...	...
2001 to 2005	115	...	...
2006 to 2010	130	...	...
2011 to 2015	245	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,240	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,845	...	...
Major repairs needed	395	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,240	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,470	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,610	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	165	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,240	...	...
15 to 24 years	130	...	...
25 to 34 years	585	...	...
35 to 44 years	600	...	...
45 to 54 years	635	...	...
55 to 64 years	795	...	...
65 to 74 years	790	...	...
75 to 84 years	470	...	...
85 years and over	235	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,235	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,425	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	810	...	...
30% to less than 100%	765	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,240	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,285	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	710	...	...
Not suitable only	145	...	...
Major repairs needed only	310	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	2,955	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,190	...	...
In core need	475	...	...
Not in core need	3,710	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,500	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,119	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	260,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	271,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,740	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	35.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	966	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	9,525	4,435	5,090
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,560	765	795
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,495	735	760
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,030	490	535
Métis single ancestry	470	245	225
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	60	25	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	20	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,820	880	935
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,695	845	845
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	705	360	345
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	985	485	500
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	130	40	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	40	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	6,150	2,790	3,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	9,525	4,440	5,090
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	9,145	4,250	4,900
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,855	945	910
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,295	3,305	3,985
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	380	185	190
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	9,525	4,440	5,090
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,785	4,085	4,705
Immigrants⁸¹	665	320	345
Before 1980	195	90	100
1980 to 1990	60	35	20
1991 to 2000	30	15	15
2001 to 2010	110	45	65
2011 to 2021⁸²	270	125	140
2011 to 2015	90	45	50
2016 to 2021	180	85	90
Non-permanent residents⁸³	75	35	45
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	665	320	340
Under 5 years	105	50	60
5 to 14 years	85	50	35
15 to 24 years	125	50	80
25 to 44 years	305	145	160
45 years and over	35	20	20
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	665	320	340
Americas	65	35	35
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	50	25	20
Other places of birth in Americas	10	10	0
Europe	215	120	100
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	50	20	30
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	20	0	10
Poland	0	0	0
Portugal	10	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	15	15	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	95	50	45
Other places of birth in Europe	20	15	0
Africa	20	10	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0
Asia	350	160	190
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	75	35	45
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	240	110	135
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	175	85	90
Americas	10	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	10	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	170	85	85
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	145	65	80
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	15	10	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	9,530	4,440	5,090
First generation¹⁰⁰	795	370	420
Second generation¹⁰¹	985	425	560
Third generation or more¹⁰²	7,750	3,640	4,110
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	470	225	245
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	340	160	180
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	155	85	75
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	185	75	105
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	115	60	55
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	470	225	245
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35	15	20
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	30	10	20
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	395	195	200
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	9,530	4,435	5,090
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	675	330	345
South Asian	370	165	205
Chinese	0	0	0
Black	95	65	30
Filipino	135	65	65
Arab	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	20	0	15
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,855	4,110	4,745
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	9,530	4,440	5,090
Canadian	870	380	485
English	1,725	760	965
Irish	1,065	485	580
Scottish	2,080	1,015	1,065
French, n.o.s.¹²²	915	445	470
German	1,440	700	740
Chinese	0	0	0
Italian	135	30	105
Indian (India)	230	125	105
Ukrainian	1,810	810	1,005
Dutch	400	175	225
Polish	860	375	485
Québécois	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	160	65	95
Filipino	130	70	65
French Canadian	40	15	20
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	80	45	35
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	835	405	430
Métis	1,635	785	850
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	105	45	60
Russian	205	90	115
Norwegian	180	75	110
Welsh	175	75	100
Portuguese	20	15	0
American	85	40	55
Spanish	30	10	20
Swedish	140	70	75
Hungarian	65	25	35
Acadian	20	15	0
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	20	20
Jewish	35	25	15
Punjabi	100	30	70
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Jamaican	45	40	10
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	15	0	15
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	330	185	150
Korean	0	0	0
Romanian	55	30	25
Lebanese	25	15	15
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	50	35	15
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	395	195	200
Sikh	20	15	10
Austrian	60	40	15
Belgian	95	45	45
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	15	0	10
Mexican	0	0	0
Mennonite	100	30	70
Swiss	15	0	10
Finnish	45	20	25
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	10
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	35	10	25
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	875	400	475
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	245	110	135
Newfoundlander	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	15	15	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	25	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	15	0
Lithuanian	15	0	15
South African	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	15	0	10
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	10	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	25	20	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	10	10	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	50	0	45
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	105	45	65
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	0	10
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	25	0	20
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	10	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	9,530	4,435	5,090
Buddhist	20	0	10
Christian	4,430	1,885	2,545
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	605	260	340
Anabaptist	30	0	25
Anglican	975	370	605
Baptist	55	25	35
Catholic	1,305	590	715
Christian Orthodox	45	20	25
Jehovah's Witness	55	20	40
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	430	185	245
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	60	25	35
Presbyterian	125	55	70
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	575	265	315
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	165	70	100
Hindu	60	30	30
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0
Sikh	240	95	145
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	50	10	40
Other religions and spiritual traditions	115	40	75
No religion and secular perspectives	4,595	2,365	2,230
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	9,405	4,365	5,040
Non-movers	8,375	3,910	4,465
Movers	1,025	460	570
Non-migrants	455	195	265
Migrants	570	270	305
Internal migrants	555	255	300
Intraprovincial migrants	450	210	245
Interprovincial migrants	105	50	55
External migrants	20	15	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	8,950	4,130	4,820
Non-movers	5,285	2,505	2,785
Movers	3,665	1,625	2,040
Non-migrants	1,325	605	725
Migrants	2,340	1,020	1,315
Internal migrants	2,135	940	1,195
Intraprovincial migrants	1,915	830	1,080
Interprovincial migrants	225	110	110
External migrants	200	80	120
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,930	3,625	4,305
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,995	1,005	995
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,930	2,620	3,310
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,650	2,160	2,490
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	820	445	385
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	3,825	1,715	2,110
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	7,930	3,625	4,305
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,730	835	885
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,880	1,435	1,445
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,320	1,350	1,970
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,520	1,070	1,450
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	655	465	190
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	325	195	125
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	330	270	65
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,665	510	1,155
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	200	95	105
Bachelor's degree or higher	805	280	520
Bachelor's degree	635	215	415
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	70	20	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0
Master's degree	90	40	50
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,645	2,160	2,490
No certificate, diploma or degree	715	395	320
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,700	895	800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,230	870	1,365
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,615	675	945
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	355	250	100
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	170	105	65
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	180	145	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,110	355	760
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	150	75	80
Bachelor's degree or higher	610	190	425
Bachelor's degree	475	140	335
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	60	15	45
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0
Master's degree	80	35	40
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	7,930	3,625	4,305
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,605	2,275	2,335
Education	305	70	235
13. Education	305	70	235
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	55	20	30
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	55	20	30
Humanities	95	20	70
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	0	50
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	225	30	195
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	70	0	70
22. Legal professions and studies	45	0	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	50	0	45
45. Social sciences	45	15	30
Business, management and public administration	605	175	430
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	60	20	40
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	545	160	385
Physical and life sciences and technologies	80	45	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	15	15
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	15	15	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	70	35	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	35	30
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	710	680	35
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	55	55	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	165	155	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	220	215	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	175	165	15
48. Precision production	90	90	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50	25	20
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	35	25	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	10
Health and related fields	885	145	740
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	20	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	865	135	735
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	240	100	135
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	145	25	120
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	40	30	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	55	50	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,650	2,155	2,490
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,415	1,290	1,120
Education	200	45	160
13. Education	200	45	160
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	15	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	35	15	25
Humanities	70	10	60
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	50	0	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0
54. History	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	160	15	145
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	50	0	50
22. Legal professions and studies	45	0	45
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0
42. Psychology	25	0	25
45. Social sciences	30	10	20
Business, management and public administration	410	140	275
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	45	10	35
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	365	125	235
Physical and life sciences and technologies	50	35	20
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	25	15	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10	10	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60	25	35
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	55	25	30
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	435	405	35
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	35	30	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	100	95	10
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	145	140	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	125	105	15
48. Precision production	30	30	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	35	15	20
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	30	15	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	10
Health and related fields	610	100	510
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	600	95	500
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	155	70	85
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	85	10	70
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	35	30	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	30	10
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,650	2,155	2,490
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,415	1,290	1,120
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,235	870	1,365
Location of study inside Canada	2,000	770	1,230
Same as province or territory of residence	1,765	660	1,100
Different than province or territory of residence	235	110	125
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	240	100	140
Americas	35	10	25
United States of America	35	10	20
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	20	0	10
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	0	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	180	75	105
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	50	25	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	125	50	75
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	7,930	3,625	4,305
In the labour force	4,370	2,125	2,255
Employed	3,930	1,900	2,030
Unemployed	445	225	220
Not in the labour force	3,550	1,505	2,050
Participation rate	55.1	58.6	52.4
Employment rate	49.6	52.4	47.2
Unemployment rate	10.2	10.6	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	7,930	3,625	4,305
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,535	1,545	1,995
Worked	4,390	2,085	2,305
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,375	1,240	1,130
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,015	845	1,175
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	43.1	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	4,375	2,120	2,255
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	125	75	50
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	4,250	2,050	2,205
Employee	3,930	1,845	2,080
Permanent position	3,280	1,580	1,695
Temporary position	650	270	385
Fixed term (1 year or more)	200	70	130
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	450	200	250
Self-employed¹⁹²	325	200	120
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	4,375	2,120	2,255
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	125	75	50
All occupations¹⁹¹	4,250	2,050	2,205
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	35	20	15
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	570	150	420
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	160	140	20
3 Health occupations	575	110	460
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	520	110	410
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	60	30	35
6 Sales and service occupations	1,200	435	760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	875	810	65
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	60	55	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	190	175	20
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	4,375	2,120	2,255
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	125	75	50
All industries¹⁹¹	4,250	2,050	2,205
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	35	35	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	30	25	0
22 Utilities	55	45	10
23 Construction	335	325	10
31-33 Manufacturing	315	255	60
41 Wholesale trade	135	115	20
44-45 Retail trade	585	280	305
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	240	195	45
51 Information and cultural industries	55	40	15
52 Finance and insurance	145	45	95
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	45	30	20
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	80	35	45
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	125	80	45
61 Educational services	360	90	270
62 Health care and social assistance	880	145	740
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	85	30	60
72 Accommodation and food services	330	105	225
81 Other services (except public administration)	180	90	90
91 Public administration	230	90	145
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	4,690	2,230	2,460
English	4,600	2,190	2,405
French	10	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0
English and French	30	0	25
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	4,690	2,230	2,460
Single responses	4,685	2,220	2,460
Official languages	4,670	2,215	2,455
English	4,650	2,210	2,440
French	20	0	10
Non-official languages	20	10	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	15	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	0	10
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	4,690	2,230	2,460
None	4,620	2,215	2,410
English	15	0	15
French	25	0	20
Non-official language	20	10	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	3,930	1,895	2,030
Worked at home	375	160	220
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	540	400	140
Usual place of work	3,005	1,340	1,675
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,005	1,340	1,670
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,065	790	1,275
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	135	65	65
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	800	475	320
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,550	1,740	1,810
Car, truck or van	3,080	1,510	1,570
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,775	1,390	1,385
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	305	125	185
Public transit	35	10	20
Walked	335	165	170
Bicycle	50	35	10
Other method	55	20	35
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,550	1,740	1,810
Less than 15 minutes	1,930	715	1,215
15 to 29 minutes	450	250	195
30 to 44 minutes	680	440	240
45 to 59 minutes	325	230	100
60 minutes and over	155	100	60
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,550	1,740	1,810
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	180	110	65
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	820	525	295
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	890	480	410
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	680	180	500
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	330	130	200
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	640	305	335
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,870	945	925
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	170	85	85
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,700	860	840
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,330	680	650
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	130	65	65
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	80	40	45
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	50	25	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,200	615	585

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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