Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Simcoe, County (CTY)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	533,169	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	479,635^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	225,087	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	202,824	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	110.6	...	...	110.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	4,818.93	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	533,170	262,935	270,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	87,050	44,850	42,205	16.3	17.1	15.6
0 to 4 years	27,115	13,890	13,215	5.1	5.3	4.9
5 to 9 years	29,520	15,225	14,295	5.5	5.8	5.3
10 to 14 years	30,420	15,730	14,690	5.7	6.0	5.4
15 to 64 years	340,195	169,370	170,830	63.8	64.4	63.2
15 to 19 years	29,245	15,005	14,235	5.5	5.7	5.3
20 to 24 years	28,720	15,190	13,525	5.4	5.8	5.0
25 to 29 years	31,335	16,060	15,280	5.9	6.1	5.7
30 to 34 years	34,770	17,405	17,365	6.5	6.6	6.4
35 to 39 years	35,080	17,370	17,710	6.6	6.6	6.6
40 to 44 years	32,430	15,925	16,505	6.1	6.1	6.1
45 to 49 years	32,935	16,285	16,650	6.2	6.2	6.2
50 to 54 years	34,705	16,940	17,760	6.5	6.4	6.6
55 to 59 years	41,580	20,190	21,395	7.8	7.7	7.9
60 to 64 years	39,400	19,005	20,395	7.4	7.2	7.5
65 years and over	105,920	48,715	57,205	19.9	18.5	21.2
65 to 69 years	33,060	15,625	17,435	6.2	5.9	6.5
70 to 74 years	28,235	13,475	14,760	5.3	5.1	5.5
75 to 79 years	19,330	9,085	10,250	3.6	3.5	3.8
80 to 84 years	12,610	5,685	6,925	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	12,675	4,845	7,835	2.4	1.8	2.9
85 to 89 years	7,715	3,265	4,450	1.4	1.2	1.6
90 to 94 years	3,875	1,305	2,570	0.7	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	955	245	710	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	125	20	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.1	15.6	16.3	17.1	15.6
15 to 64 years	63.8	64.4	63.2	63.8	64.4	63.2
65 years and over	19.9	18.5	21.2	19.9	18.5	21.2
85 years and over	2.4	1.8	2.9	2.4	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	42.6	41.6	43.6	42.6	41.6	43.6
Median age of the population	43.2	41.6	44.4	43.2	41.6	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	202,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	148,130	...	...	73.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	7,415	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	14,360	...	...	7.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,165	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	16,860	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,745	...	...	3.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	425	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	725	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	46,750	...	...	23.0	...	...
2 persons	71,550	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	33,255	...	...	16.4	...	...
4 persons	31,815	...	...	15.7	...	...
5 or more persons	19,460	...	...	9.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	525,085	259,220	265,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	446,115	218,085	228,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	265,075	132,400	132,670	59.4	60.7	58.2
Married	213,915	106,910	107,000	48.0	49.0	46.9
Living common-law	51,165	25,495	25,665	11.5	11.7	11.3
Living common law - Never married	33,850	16,965	16,885	7.6	7.8	7.4
Living common law - Separated	3,320	1,700	1,625	0.7	0.8	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	12,310	6,165	6,150	2.8	2.8	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	1,680	665	1,010	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	181,040	85,685	95,360	40.6	39.3	41.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	113,085	62,595	50,495	25.3	28.7	22.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	14,225	6,145	8,075	3.2	2.8	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	27,875	11,140	16,740	6.2	5.1	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25,855	5,805	20,055	5.8	2.7	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	155,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	79,435	...	...	51.2	...	...
3 persons	33,275	...	...	21.4	...	...
4 persons	30,265	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 or more persons	12,170	...	...	7.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	130,145	...	...	83.9	...	...
Married couples	104,575	...	...	67.4	...	...
With children⁶	54,775	...	...	35.3	...	...
Without children	49,800	...	...	32.1	...	...
Common-law couples	25,570	...	...	16.5	...	...
With children⁶	10,795	...	...	7.0	...	...
Without children	14,775	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	25,010	...	...	16.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	19,090	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5,920	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	525,085	259,220	265,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	444,585	221,255	223,330	84.7	85.4	84.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	260,290	129,920	130,370	49.6	50.1	49.0
Parents in one-parent families	25,005	5,915	19,085	4.8	2.3	7.2
Children⁶	159,285	85,420	73,870	30.3	33.0	27.8
In a two-parent family	120,565	64,010	56,560	23.0	24.7	21.3
In a one-parent family	38,720	21,410	17,315	7.4	8.3	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	80,500	37,965	42,535	15.3	14.6	16.0
Living alone	46,750	20,770	25,980	8.9	8.0	9.8
Living with other relatives⁷	13,755	5,760	7,995	2.6	2.2	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	19,995	11,440	8,555	3.8	4.4	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	129,815	...	...	64.0	...	...
Couple-family households	112,290	...	...	55.4	...	...
With children⁶	56,670	...	...	27.9	...	...
Without children	55,615	...	...	27.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	17,530	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	8,465	...	...	4.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,960	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	8,340	...	...	4.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	7,495	...	...	3.7	...	...
One-person households	46,750	...	...	23.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	438,130	214,430	223,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	423,875	207,070	216,805	96.7	96.6	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,000	36,800	41,600	48,000	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	424,240	207,275	216,970	96.8	96.7	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,800	33,600	37,600	42,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	379,565	189,405	190,160	86.6	88.3	85.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,000	27,600	35,200	44,000	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	306,955	158,865	148,090	70.1	74.1	66.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,800	30,000	36,800	44,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	383,995	184,805	199,190	87.6	86.2	89.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,800	7,850	11,700	9,800	7,850	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,275	18,805	23,480	9.6	8.8	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,600	5,720	5,640	5,600	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	125,930	60,600	65,330	28.7	28.3	29.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	438,150	214,430	223,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	424,385	207,380	217,000	96.9	96.7	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,000	60,900	45,480	53,000	60,900	45,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	424,745	207,575	217,170	96.9	96.8	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,320	49,640	39,200	44,320	49,640	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	379,840	189,225	190,615	86.7	88.2	85.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,920	57,050	38,840	47,920	57,050	38,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	306,950	158,430	148,525	70.1	73.9	66.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	55,100	39,440	47,520	55,100	39,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	384,270	184,915	199,360	87.7	86.2	89.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,190	9,900	12,380	11,190	9,900	12,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,210	18,620	23,595	9.6	8.7	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,570	6,155	6,890	6,570	6,155	6,890
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	125,940	60,680	65,260	28.7	28.3	29.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,910	8,570	9,230	8,910	8,570	9,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	438,145	214,430	223,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	143,965	81,840	62,120	32.9	38.2	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,000	70,000	57,200	64,000	70,000	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,100	80,000	64,000	73,100	80,000	64,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120,880	55,570	65,310	27.6	25.9	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,800	21,200	15,900	17,800	21,200	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,560	32,240	23,600	27,560	32,240	23,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.6	75.0	80.8	85.6	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	69.2	59.4	64.8	69.2	59.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.1	14.5	25.0	19.1	14.5	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.7	1.2	0.9	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	4.5	7.2	5.7	4.5	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	4.1	6.1	5.0	4.1	6.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	438,130	214,430	223,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	14,255	7,360	6,895	3.3	3.4	3.1
With total income	423,875	207,070	216,805	96.7	96.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	32,005	13,435	18,575	7.6	6.5	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	50,955	21,150	29,810	12.0	10.2	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	66,260	28,050	38,210	15.6	13.5	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	54,500	23,110	31,385	12.9	11.2	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	47,505	21,505	26,005	11.2	10.4	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	39,210	18,875	20,330	9.3	9.1	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	31,465	16,680	14,780	7.4	8.1	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	24,520	14,265	10,255	5.8	6.9	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	18,565	11,400	7,170	4.4	5.5	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	14,785	8,955	5,830	3.5	4.3	2.7
$100,000 and over	44,105	29,655	14,445	10.4	14.3	6.7
$100,000 to $149,999	31,610	20,460	11,145	7.5	9.9	5.1
$150,000 and over	12,495	9,195	3,305	2.9	4.4	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	438,130	214,430	223,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	13,890	7,155	6,730	3.2	3.3	3.0
With after-tax income	424,245	207,270	216,970	96.8	96.7	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	34,200	14,170	20,025	8.1	6.8	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	53,345	22,250	31,095	12.6	10.7	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	74,985	31,755	43,225	17.7	15.3	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	63,970	28,245	35,730	15.1	13.6	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	55,105	26,175	28,925	13.0	12.6	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	42,560	22,325	20,235	10.0	10.8	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	31,230	18,150	13,085	7.4	8.8	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	21,955	13,495	8,455	5.2	6.5	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	17,240	10,030	7,210	4.1	4.8	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	9,650	6,320	3,330	2.3	3.0	1.5
$100,000 and over	20,010	14,360	5,655	4.7	6.9	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	10,745	7,585	3,165	2.5	3.7	1.5
$125,000 and over	9,270	6,775	2,495	2.2	3.3	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	438,130	214,430	223,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	131,175	55,560	75,615	29.9	25.9	33.8
With employment income	306,950	158,865	148,085	70.1	74.1	66.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45,555	21,735	23,825	14.8	13.7	16.1
$5,000 to $9,999	25,120	10,655	14,465	8.2	6.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	36,300	15,875	20,430	11.8	10.0	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	27,970	12,615	15,355	9.1	7.9	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	27,215	12,630	14,590	8.9	8.0	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	26,670	12,775	13,895	8.7	8.0	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	23,290	12,210	11,075	7.6	7.7	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	20,140	11,340	8,800	6.6	7.1	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	16,115	9,960	6,155	5.3	6.3	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	13,485	8,525	4,960	4.4	5.4	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	12,130	7,145	4,990	4.0	4.5	3.4
$100,000 and over	32,960	23,400	9,560	10.7	14.7	6.5
$100,000 to $124,999	17,380	11,540	5,835	5.7	7.3	3.9
$125,000 and over	15,585	11,860	3,720	5.1	7.5	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	438,130	214,430	223,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	417,065	203,455	213,605	95.2	94.9	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,200	34,000	40,000	47,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	417,260	203,490	213,770	95.2	94.9	95.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,600	31,400	36,000	41,600	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	376,960	187,705	189,260	86.0	87.5	84.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,600	30,200	37,200	45,600	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	308,935	159,435	149,500	70.5	74.4	66.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,000	32,000	38,400	46,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	361,915	173,380	188,535	82.6	80.9	84.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,680	1,280	6,550	3,680	1,280	6,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	31,765	13,810	17,955	7.3	6.4	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,600	5,840	5,680	5,600	5,840
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	438,150	214,430	223,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	417,305	203,475	213,835	95.2	94.9	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,600	58,850	42,720	50,600	58,850	42,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	417,485	203,495	213,990	95.3	94.9	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,080	47,760	36,680	42,080	47,760	36,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	377,175	187,545	189,630	86.1	87.5	84.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,480	57,650	39,400	48,480	57,650	39,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	309,125	159,150	149,970	70.6	74.2	67.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,480	56,450	40,080	48,480	56,450	40,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	361,760	173,215	188,550	82.6	80.8	84.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,820	6,710	8,840	7,820	6,710	8,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	31,775	13,885	17,895	7.3	6.5	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,310	6,520	7,920	7,310	6,520	7,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	438,145	214,430	223,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	142,880	81,230	61,645	32.6	37.9	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	67,500	53,200	60,800	67,500	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,300	77,800	60,350	70,300	77,800	60,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	115,070	52,945	62,120	26.3	24.7	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,600	21,800	24,400	28,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,320	28,720	33,600	39,320	28,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	90.2	81.8	86.6	90.2	81.8
Employment income (%)	71.0	75.0	65.8	71.0	75.0	65.8
Government transfers (%)	13.4	9.7	18.2	13.4	9.7	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.1	0.8	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	202,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	46,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	156,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	202,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,900	...	...	110,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	46,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,350	...	...	55,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,320	...	...	46,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	156,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,600	...	...	127,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,700	...	...	106,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,410	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	725	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,670	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,060	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,675	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5,920	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5,335	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	6,225	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	6,740	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	6,820	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	13,695	...	...	6.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	13,800	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	13,340	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	13,030	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	12,225	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	93,160	...	...	45.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	27,215	...	...	13.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20,555	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	24,640	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	20,750	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,750	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	780	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,725	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,235	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,020	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,720	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,170	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,190	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	8,100	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,855	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	16,585	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	16,550	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	16,150	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15,350	...	...	7.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	14,180	...	...	7.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	74,460	...	...	36.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	28,025	...	...	13.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	18,830	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	27,605	...	...	13.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	150,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	57,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	66,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	22,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	66,740	32,210	34,535	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	42,000	38,000	39,600	42,000	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	37,600	34,800	36,000	37,600	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	150,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,800	...	...	126,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,800	...	...	105,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	57,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,100	...	...	92,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	66,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,200	...	...	153,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,700	...	...	127,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...	84,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	66,505	32,010	34,495	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,520	53,050	48,200	50,520	53,050	48,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,680	43,880	41,600	42,680	43,880	41,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	525,080	259,220	265,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	104,720	53,920	50,800	19.9	20.8	19.1
0 to 5 years	32,940	16,865	16,075	6.3	6.5	6.0
18 to 64 years	319,845	158,375	161,470	60.9	61.1	60.7
65 years and over	100,520	46,930	53,590	19.1	18.1	20.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	42,435	19,885	22,545	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	9,475	4,930	4,540	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	3,005	1,585	1,420	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	23,125	11,155	11,975	...	...	...
65 years and over	9,830	3,800	6,030	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.1	7.7	8.5	8.1	7.7	8.5
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.2	8.9	9.1	9.2	8.9
0 to 5 years (%)	9.1	9.4	8.9	9.1	9.4	8.9
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	7.0	7.4	7.2	7.0	7.4
65 years and over (%)	9.8	8.1	11.3	9.8	8.1	11.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	523,385	258,420	264,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	104,315	53,725	50,590	19.9	20.8	19.1
0 to 5 years	32,825	16,800	16,025	6.3	6.5	6.0
18 to 64 years	318,745	157,855	160,890	60.9	61.1	60.7
65 years and over	100,320	46,840	53,480	19.2	18.1	20.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	14,675	7,850	6,830	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,435	1,270	1,170	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	720	380	335	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,970	6,005	4,970	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,270	575	695	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.8	3.0	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.8	3.1	3.4	3.8	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	525,080	259,220	265,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	241,750	116,345	125,405	46.0	44.9	47.2
In bottom decile	38,840	19,100	19,740	7.4	7.4	7.4
In second decile	46,420	21,370	25,050	8.8	8.2	9.4
In third decile	49,860	23,680	26,185	9.5	9.1	9.8
In fourth decile	52,645	25,565	27,075	10.0	9.9	10.2
In fifth decile	53,985	26,625	27,360	10.3	10.3	10.3
In top half of the distribution	283,335	142,875	140,455	54.0	55.1	52.8
In sixth decile	57,210	28,565	28,650	10.9	11.0	10.8
In seventh decile	59,020	29,340	29,680	11.2	11.3	11.2
In eighth decile	59,540	29,920	29,625	11.3	11.5	11.1
In ninth decile	58,370	29,800	28,570	11.1	11.5	10.7
In top decile	49,195	25,260	23,935	9.4	9.7	9.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	525,085	...	...	525,085	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.421	...	...	0.421	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	527,940	260,510	267,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	489,855	244,155	245,695	92.8	93.7	91.9
French only	285	125	160	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	33,735	14,475	19,265	6.4	5.6	7.2
Neither English nor French	4,065	1,755	2,315	0.8	0.7	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	527,940	260,510	267,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	513,715	254,135	259,585	97.3	97.6	97.1
French	9,015	4,145	4,875	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	1,250	540	710	0.2	0.2	0.3
Neither English nor French	3,955	1,690	2,260	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	527,940	260,510	267,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	514,970	254,310	260,660	97.5	97.6	97.5
Official languages	447,885	221,695	226,190	84.8	85.1	84.6
English	438,385	217,340	221,050	83.0	83.4	82.7
French	9,495	4,360	5,140	1.8	1.7	1.9
Non-official languages	67,085	32,610	34,475	12.7	12.5	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	175	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	165	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	160	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	140	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	66,890	32,520	34,370	12.7	12.5	12.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,020	1,545	1,475	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,975	1,520	1,450	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,430	765	665	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	1,010	475	540	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	790	365	425	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	190	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	280	165	120	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	175	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,765	775	990	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	440	200	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,320	570	750	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,555	920	1,630	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	170	70	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,115	755	1,365	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	2,210	1,160	1,050	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	575	350	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	1,470	715	760	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	120	75	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	48,910	24,260	24,650	9.3	9.3	9.2
Albanian	190	100	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	12,095	5,760	6,335	2.3	2.2	2.4
Baltic languages	400	180	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	135	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	265	125	145	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	11,690	5,580	6,110	2.2	2.1	2.3
Belarusian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	375	170	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	335	175	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	3,545	1,655	1,890	0.7	0.6	0.7
Russian	4,960	2,405	2,555	0.9	0.9	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	870	430	440	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	430	205	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	345	180	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	260	110	145	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	200	90	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,015	475	540	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	6,155	2,830	3,325	1.2	1.1	1.2
Frisian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,825	1,710	2,115	0.7	0.7	0.8
German	3,700	1,660	2,045	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pennsylvania German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,925	945	985	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	1,790	880	915	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	360	155	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	230	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	775	390	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	9,845	5,155	4,685	1.9	2.0	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	7,185	3,795	3,390	1.4	1.5	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	265	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	1,275	710	565	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	805	445	365	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,390	1,300	1,095	0.5	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,140	1,065	1,080	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,650	1,360	1,295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,395	1,220	1,180	0.5	0.5	0.4
Dari	865	435	430	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	1,220	615	605	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	315	165	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	19,650	9,930	9,725	3.7	3.8	3.6
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	6,385	3,395	2,990	1.2	1.3	1.1
Portuguese	5,985	3,040	2,945	1.1	1.2	1.1
Romanian	775	370	405	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	6,475	3,105	3,375	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	200	60	140	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	1,175	540	635	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	620	300	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	175	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	170	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,650	1,655	1,995	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	3,615	1,640	1,980	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,350	1,085	1,270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,100	490	610	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	285	110	180	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	20	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	580	305	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	480	250	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,685	755	930	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	395	170	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	1,110	505	605	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	12,970	6,195	6,770	2.5	2.4	2.5
English and French	2,870	1,275	1,600	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	8,780	4,320	4,460	1.7	1.7	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	165	70	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	235	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	920	435	485	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	527,940	260,510	267,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	456,530	226,305	230,220	86.5	86.9	86.1
French	1,920	885	1,040	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	14,740	7,110	7,630	2.8	2.7	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	14,720	7,100	7,615	2.8	2.7	2.8
English and French	6,355	2,735	3,620	1.2	1.0	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	45,530	22,140	23,390	8.6	8.5	8.7
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,405	620	785	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	1,400	685	720	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	527,940	260,510	267,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	517,335	255,435	261,900	98.0	98.1	97.9
Official languages	487,325	240,700	246,625	92.3	92.4	92.2
English	484,540	239,435	245,100	91.8	91.9	91.7
French	2,790	1,260	1,525	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	30,010	14,735	15,275	5.7	5.7	5.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	29,970	14,720	15,255	5.7	5.7	5.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,535	745	790	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,515	730	785	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	665	335	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	675	315	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	520	240	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	130	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,125	505	620	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	260	120	140	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	865	390	480	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,030	480	550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	110	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	815	380	435	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,600	815	785	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	405	250	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	1,095	515	575	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,045	9,920	10,130	3.8	3.8	3.8
Albanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,695	2,800	2,895	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,605	2,755	2,845	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belarusian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,345	660	690	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	3,415	1,685	1,725	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	230	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	310	150	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	530	235	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	385	165	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	360	150	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	210	100	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	6,380	3,250	3,130	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	4,740	2,440	2,310	0.9	0.9	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	840	460	380	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	460	235	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,680	875	800	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,435	705	725	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,635	815	825	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,460	725	735	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	450	220	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	780	395	390	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	225	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,095	3,470	3,625	1.3	1.3	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,265	595	675	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	2,365	1,175	1,185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Romanian	290	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,165	1,555	1,610	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	870	415	450	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	215	90	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	165	100	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	145	90	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,380	1,150	1,230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	2,360	1,140	1,220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,650	820	830	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	630	285	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	100	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	350	175	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	315	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	390	190	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	320	155	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10,605	5,075	5,530	2.0	1.9	2.1
English and French	1,270	550	715	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	8,970	4,360	4,615	1.7	1.7	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	85	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	527,940	260,505	267,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	482,190	238,580	243,615	91.3	91.6	91.1
English	12,805	6,330	6,475	2.4	2.4	2.4
French	4,565	1,950	2,610	0.9	0.7	1.0
Non-official language	23,430	11,215	12,215	4.4	4.3	4.6
Indigenous³⁹	220	105	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	23,210	11,110	12,105	4.4	4.3	4.5
English and French	160	80	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,900	970	930	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	750	320	430	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	2,110	1,045	1,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	525,085	259,225	265,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	521,005	257,510	263,495	99.2	99.3	99.1
English	520,785	257,400	263,385	99.2	99.3	99.1
French	33,740	14,535	19,205	6.4	5.6	7.2
Non-official languages	91,985	44,550	47,435	17.5	17.2	17.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	665	300	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	605	270	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	580	260	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	560	250	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	100	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	465	200	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	91,350	44,250	47,100	17.4	17.1	17.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	5,225	2,600	2,630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5,115	2,540	2,575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	2,940	1,500	1,435	0.6	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	1,330	665	655	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	1,015	495	520	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	285	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	75	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	1,100	530	570	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	265	115	150	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrigna	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,370	1,090	1,280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	475	240	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	1,915	855	1,050	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,545	1,300	2,255	0.7	0.5	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	190	75	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	205	70	135	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,350	1,190	2,160	0.6	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	425	250	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	90	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	100	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	3,005	1,560	1,445	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kannada	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	820	490	330	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	2,150	1,050	1,105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	165	90	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	68,050	33,695	34,355	13.0	13.0	12.9
Albanian	300	160	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	290	155	130	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	14,610	7,060	7,555	2.8	2.7	2.8
Baltic languages	525	260	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	215	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	310	160	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	14,245	6,885	7,365	2.7	2.7	2.8
Belarusian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	490	220	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	460	245	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	4,500	2,170	2,325	0.9	0.8	0.9
Russian	6,710	3,205	3,505	1.3	1.2	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,220	630	590	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	135	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	625	305	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	575	305	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	320	130	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	215	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,755	855	895	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	8,905	3,950	4,955	1.7	1.5	1.9
Frisian	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5,995	2,690	3,305	1.1	1.0	1.2
German	5,875	2,625	3,250	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	110	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,555	1,165	1,385	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	305	170	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	2,220	1,000	1,220	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	640	260	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	330	140	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	240	95	140	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	1,385	695	690	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	13,620	7,230	6,390	2.6	2.8	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	10,465	5,580	4,885	2.0	2.2	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	310	160	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	1,895	1,065	830	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	4,250	2,280	1,970	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kacchi	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	80	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,000	2,145	1,860	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	370	170	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	3,490	1,840	1,645	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,345	1,765	1,585	0.6	0.7	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	325	200	125	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	175	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,935	1,535	1,400	0.6	0.6	0.5
Dari	1,205	560	640	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	1,565	840	730	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	240	165	75	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30,655	15,270	15,385	5.8	5.9	5.8
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10,735	5,525	5,210	2.0	2.1	2.0
Portuguese	8,295	4,345	3,950	1.6	1.7	1.5
Romanian	1,010	465	545	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	12,195	5,750	6,445	2.3	2.2	2.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	410	180	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	1,425	655	770	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,730	885	845	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	295	170	130	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	170	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	260	135	120	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	550	270	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	805	215	590	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	735	195	535	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,615	2,070	2,545	0.9	0.8	1.0
Chinese languages	4,525	2,030	2,495	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hakka	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,295	1,455	1,840	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,540	675	865	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	360	160	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	240	125	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	150	50	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,095	605	490	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	925	530	395	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,785	785	1,005	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	205	90	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	380	155	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	1,200	535	670	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	525,080	259,220	265,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	24,545	12,000	12,545	4.7	4.6	4.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	23,625	11,580	12,045	4.5	4.5	4.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,535	5,715	5,820	2.2	2.2	2.2
Métis	11,910	5,790	6,130	2.3	2.2	2.3
Inuk (Inuit)	180	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	415	210	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	500	210	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	500,540	247,225	253,320	95.3	95.4	95.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	525,080	259,220	265,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	7,500	3,605	3,890	1.4	1.4	1.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	517,585	255,615	261,970	98.6	98.6	98.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	158,045	...	...	77.9	...	...
Renter	44,550	...	...	22.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	230	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	16,735	...	...	8.3	...	...
Not condominium	186,090	...	...	91.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	665	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	13,975	...	...	6.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	38,400	...	...	18.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	81,660	...	...	40.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	68,120	...	...	33.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	34,940	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 rooms	29,600	...	...	14.6	...	...
6 rooms	33,670	...	...	16.6	...	...
7 rooms	30,060	...	...	14.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	74,555	...	...	36.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	200,800	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	2,030	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	195,730	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	7,095	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	31,530	...	...	15.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	44,720	...	...	22.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	28,325	...	...	14.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	32,395	...	...	16.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	18,715	...	...	9.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	15,095	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	14,160	...	...	7.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	17,885	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	192,260	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	10,560	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	90,635	...	...	44.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	101,445	...	...	50.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10,740	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,720	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	23,445	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	33,820	...	...	16.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	36,665	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	45,245	...	...	22.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	34,905	...	...	17.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	19,180	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	6,850	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	200,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	154,670	...	...	77.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	45,865	...	...	22.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	41,820	...	...	20.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	202,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	58,780	...	...	29.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	41,655	...	...	20.5	...	...
Not suitable only	5,400	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	7,055	...	...	3.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,170	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	2,980	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	465	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	144,040	...	...	71.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	196,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	19,495	...	...	9.9	...	...
Not in core need	177,005	...	...	90.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,600	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.6	...	...	62.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,624	...	...	1,624	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	752,000	...	...	752,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	44,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.8	...	...	40.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.5	...	...	24.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,436	...	...	1,436	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	230	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	588	...	...	588	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	600	...	...	600	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	525,085	259,220	265,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,755	4,340	4,415	1.7	1.7	1.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,555	4,270	4,290	1.6	1.6	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,325	2,635	2,695	1.0	1.0	1.0
Métis single ancestry	3,165	1,605	1,560	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	195	70	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	180	70	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	21,570	10,470	11,100	4.1	4.0	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	21,045	10,235	10,810	4.0	3.9	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	13,075	6,345	6,725	2.5	2.4	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,795	3,810	3,990	1.5	1.5	1.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	175	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	525	235	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	495	225	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	494,760	244,410	250,350	94.2	94.3	94.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	525,085	259,220	265,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	502,980	248,280	254,690	95.8	95.8	95.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	102,370	52,690	49,680	19.5	20.3	18.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	400,605	195,590	205,015	76.3	75.5	77.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	22,105	10,940	11,170	4.2	4.2	4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	525,085	259,220	265,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	438,010	217,090	220,915	83.4	83.7	83.1
Immigrants⁸¹	82,290	39,395	42,900	15.7	15.2	16.1
Before 1980	28,340	13,615	14,725	5.4	5.3	5.5
1980 to 1990	10,930	5,390	5,540	2.1	2.1	2.1
1991 to 2000	13,075	6,085	6,990	2.5	2.3	2.6
2001 to 2010	14,810	7,020	7,785	2.8	2.7	2.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	15,140	7,280	7,860	2.9	2.8	3.0
2011 to 2015	7,530	3,585	3,945	1.4	1.4	1.5
2016 to 2021	7,605	3,690	3,915	1.4	1.4	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,780	2,735	2,050	0.9	1.1	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	82,295	39,395	42,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	9,785	4,925	4,860	11.9	12.5	11.3
5 to 14 years	17,570	8,860	8,715	21.4	22.5	20.3
15 to 24 years	18,925	8,650	10,280	23.0	22.0	24.0
25 to 44 years	30,995	14,650	16,340	37.7	37.2	38.1
45 years and over	5,010	2,310	2,705	6.1	5.9	6.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	82,295	39,395	42,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	13,605	6,170	7,430	16.5	15.7	17.3
Brazil	650	305	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombia	700	325	380	0.9	0.8	0.9
El Salvador	575	305	265	0.7	0.8	0.6
Guyana	1,125	505	620	1.4	1.3	1.4
Haiti	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	2,100	930	1,165	2.6	2.4	2.7
Mexico	585	245	340	0.7	0.6	0.8
Peru	370	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	895	405	490	1.1	1.0	1.1
United States of America	2,765	1,140	1,625	3.4	2.9	3.8
Other places of birth in Americas	3,755	1,785	1,970	4.6	4.5	4.6
Europe	40,625	19,725	20,895	49.4	50.1	48.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	225	135	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Croatia	295	130	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
France	435	180	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Germany	3,230	1,430	1,795	3.9	3.6	4.2
Greece	570	285	280	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hungary	705	320	385	0.9	0.8	0.9
Italy	4,310	2,370	1,935	5.2	6.0	4.5
Netherlands	1,755	905	845	2.1	2.3	2.0
Poland	2,930	1,380	1,545	3.6	3.5	3.6
Portugal	3,995	2,180	1,815	4.9	5.5	4.2
Romania	805	400	405	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian Federation	2,025	950	1,075	2.5	2.4	2.5
Serbia⁸⁶	300	155	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	1,545	695	845	1.9	1.8	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	12,765	5,940	6,820	15.5	15.1	15.9
Other places of birth in Europe	4,745	2,245	2,495	5.8	5.7	5.8
Africa	3,350	1,715	1,635	4.1	4.4	3.8
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	110	60	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	310	185	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
Eritrea	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	940	490	450	1.1	1.2	1.0
Somalia	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	535	225	305	0.7	0.6	0.7
Other places of birth in Africa	1,220	660	560	1.5	1.7	1.3
Asia	24,255	11,555	12,700	29.5	29.3	29.6
Afghanistan	900	455	445	1.1	1.2	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	1,290	725	560	1.6	1.8	1.3
Iraq	1,305	650	655	1.6	1.6	1.5
Lebanon	250	135	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	480	255	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
Turkey	545	320	230	0.7	0.8	0.5
China⁹⁰	2,360	1,025	1,335	2.9	2.6	3.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	385	185	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	890	405	480	1.1	1.0	1.1
Taiwan	160	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	3,460	1,250	2,210	4.2	3.2	5.2
Viet Nam	1,390	620	770	1.7	1.6	1.8
Bangladesh	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	4,150	2,130	2,025	5.0	5.4	4.7
Pakistan	2,035	1,070	965	2.5	2.7	2.2
Sri Lanka	1,345	655	685	1.6	1.7	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	3,170	1,515	1,655	3.9	3.8	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	460	230	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	7,605	3,690	3,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,150	540	610	15.1	14.6	15.6
Brazil	185	75	110	2.4	2.0	2.8
Colombia	90	35	50	1.2	0.9	1.3
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	115	65	50	1.5	1.8	1.3
Mexico	135	55	75	1.8	1.5	1.9
United States of America	290	145	150	3.8	3.9	3.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	15	25	0.6	0.4	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	265	140	130	3.5	3.8	3.3
Europe	1,405	690	710	18.5	18.7	18.2
France	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Germany	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Italy	50	35	10	0.7	0.9	0.3
Russian Federation	255	100	155	3.4	2.7	4.0
Ukraine	270	100	170	3.6	2.7	4.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	270	170	95	3.6	4.6	2.4
Other places of birth in Europe	505	250	260	6.6	6.8	6.6
Africa	585	300	285	7.7	8.1	7.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	20	15	0.5	0.5	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	295	165	130	3.9	4.5	3.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	20	0.3	0.3	0.5
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	140	70	65	1.8	1.9	1.7
Asia	4,400	2,100	2,295	57.9	56.9	58.7
Afghanistan	55	25	30	0.7	0.7	0.8
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	220	75	145	2.9	2.0	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
India	1,405	735	665	18.5	19.9	17.0
Iran⁸⁸	120	60	60	1.6	1.6	1.5
Iraq	190	75	115	2.5	2.0	2.9
Israel	75	45	35	1.0	1.2	0.9
Japan	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.4
Jordan	35	25	15	0.5	0.7	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	120	45	80	1.6	1.2	2.0
Lebanon	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	500	255	250	6.6	6.9	6.4
Philippines	635	260	380	8.3	7.0	9.7
Saudi Arabia	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	95	50	50	1.2	1.4	1.3
Syria⁸⁹	325	180	140	4.3	4.9	3.6
Turkey	160	90	65	2.1	2.4	1.7
United Arab Emirates	70	45	20	0.9	1.2	0.5
Viet Nam	65	10	60	0.9	0.3	1.5
Other places of birth in Asia	225	95	135	3.0	2.6	3.5
Oceania and other⁹³	80	65	15	1.1	1.8	0.4
Australia	80	65	15	1.1	1.8	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	525,080	259,225	265,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	91,060	43,920	47,140	17.3	16.9	17.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	106,355	53,440	52,915	20.3	20.6	19.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	327,675	161,860	165,810	62.4	62.4	62.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	53,950	25,775	28,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	23,780	11,830	11,945	44.1	45.9	42.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,445	5,700	3,745	17.5	22.1	13.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	14,330	6,125	8,200	26.6	23.8	29.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	19,195	8,085	11,110	35.6	31.4	39.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10,070	5,440	4,630	18.7	21.1	16.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	915	430	490	1.7	1.7	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	53,950	25,775	28,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	4,620	2,605	2,015	8.6	10.1	7.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,020	2,770	3,255	11.2	10.7	11.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,085	510	575	2.0	2.0	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,475	1,195	1,280	4.6	4.6	4.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	365	135	235	0.7	0.5	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	39,385	18,575	20,815	73.0	72.1	73.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	525,080	259,225	265,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	65,245	32,360	32,885	12.4	12.5	12.4
South Asian	16,270	8,485	7,780	3.1	3.3	2.9
Chinese	5,690	2,545	3,145	1.1	1.0	1.2
Black	12,725	6,560	6,165	2.4	2.5	2.3
Filipino	5,090	2,080	3,010	1.0	0.8	1.1
Arab	2,415	1,335	1,080	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latin American	7,820	3,835	3,985	1.5	1.5	1.5
Southeast Asian	3,805	1,780	2,025	0.7	0.7	0.8
West Asian	4,070	2,100	1,970	0.8	0.8	0.7
Korean	1,715	810	905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	525	255	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	2,480	1,185	1,290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	2,630	1,370	1,260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	459,840	226,860	232,980	87.6	87.5	87.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	525,085	259,225	265,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	89,460	45,045	44,415	17.0	17.4	16.7
English	139,580	67,885	71,700	26.6	26.2	27.0
Irish	109,845	52,530	57,310	20.9	20.3	21.6
Scottish	109,065	52,120	56,945	20.8	20.1	21.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	45,595	21,875	23,725	8.7	8.4	8.9
German	46,415	22,500	23,915	8.8	8.7	9.0
Chinese	6,480	3,040	3,445	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italian	42,030	21,640	20,385	8.0	8.3	7.7
Indian (India)	8,770	4,550	4,215	1.7	1.8	1.6
Ukrainian	14,755	6,980	7,770	2.8	2.7	2.9
Dutch	23,465	11,480	11,985	4.5	4.4	4.5
Polish	18,480	8,995	9,485	3.5	3.5	3.6
Québécois	940	490	450	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	25,080	12,370	12,710	4.8	4.8	4.8
Filipino	5,140	2,175	2,965	1.0	0.8	1.1
French Canadian	8,000	3,710	4,290	1.5	1.4	1.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10,795	5,400	5,395	2.1	2.1	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	7,920	3,840	4,090	1.5	1.5	1.5
Métis	11,665	5,710	5,955	2.2	2.2	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	8,025	4,000	4,025	1.5	1.5	1.5
Russian	7,680	3,665	4,015	1.5	1.4	1.5
Norwegian	2,700	1,340	1,360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Welsh	10,265	4,890	5,375	2.0	1.9	2.0
Portuguese	14,035	7,260	6,775	2.7	2.8	2.5
American	5,255	2,515	2,740	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	5,235	2,465	2,770	1.0	1.0	1.0
Swedish	2,780	1,265	1,515	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hungarian	5,140	2,355	2,785	1.0	0.9	1.0
Acadian	1,500	745	755	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	2,740	1,460	1,280	0.5	0.6	0.5
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,580	1,290	1,295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	3,275	1,630	1,645	0.6	0.6	0.6
Punjabi	1,230	660	570	0.2	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	2,290	1,090	1,195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	780	415	370	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	4,510	2,220	2,290	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jamaican	4,895	2,470	2,425	0.9	1.0	0.9
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,650	695	950	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	900	415	485	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	1,700	795	900	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	2,090	905	1,180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lebanese	1,135	545	595	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	1,330	735	600	0.3	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	2,510	1,140	1,370	0.5	0.4	0.5
Danish	3,100	1,390	1,705	0.6	0.5	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,220	1,560	1,660	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	620	350	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	3,280	1,625	1,655	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	1,380	670	710	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	175	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,060	550	505	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	1,295	645	660	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	335	175	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	1,700	780	915	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	3,415	1,680	1,730	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	1,350	655	695	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatian	1,755	840	915	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	775	385	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	620	325	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,325	645	680	0.3	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,750	885	865	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	555	295	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	640	360	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	1,215	595	625	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	1,060	515	540	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	675	295	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	1,020	510	515	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	205	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,830	925	905	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syrian	530	245	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	1,990	985	1,000	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afghan	1,515	755	765	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	730	335	395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	955	460	495	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	3,240	1,575	1,665	0.6	0.6	0.6
Newfoundlander	2,145	1,005	1,140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hong Konger	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	3,600	1,845	1,755	0.7	0.7	0.7
Persian	710	365	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,545	785	750	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkish	995	515	480	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	275	110	165	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	180	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	1,100	550	550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	985	515	465	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	610	335	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	1,045	515	530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	955	490	465	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	170	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	885	460	425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	665	310	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	765	355	415	0.1	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	225	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	460	270	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	715	340	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	555	235	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,100	540	560	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	1,270	550	720	0.2	0.2	0.3
South African	730	360	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	750	380	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	215	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	555	290	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	60	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	450	225	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	560	255	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	590	320	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	310	155	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	665	295	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	345	175	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	2,085	960	1,120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Macedonian	1,485	820	665	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovenian	1,015	480	535	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	520	265	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	295	160	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	460	245	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	345	170	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	660	370	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	710	360	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	565	290	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	490	225	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	425	220	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	545	270	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	390	190	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	495	235	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	530	325	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	605	315	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	220	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	185	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	895	405	490	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	305	165	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	240	115	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	365	205	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	175	50	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	1,000	440	560	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	465	250	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	1,245	645	600	0.2	0.2	0.2
Franco Ontarian	425	240	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	755	415	335	0.1	0.2	0.1
Estonian	725	355	375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	280	195	85	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	320	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	110	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	200	65	140	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	260	135	125	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	720	355	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	440	225	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	205	120	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	325	135	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	205	85	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	200	135	70	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	455	150	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	60	50	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	135	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	155	60	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	145	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	395	170	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	120	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	125	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	220	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	160	60	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	270	145	125	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayali	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	415	180	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sinhalese	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	175	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	130	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	105	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	150	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	220	130	90	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	185	115	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	325	200	130	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	115	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	85	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	285	110	175	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	75	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	475	260	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	175	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	140	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	525,085	259,220	265,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,720	1,245	1,480	0.5	0.5	0.6
Christian	291,855	136,405	155,450	55.6	52.6	58.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	38,945	18,340	20,600	7.4	7.1	7.7
Anabaptist	450	210	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	28,195	12,500	15,695	5.4	4.8	5.9
Baptist	7,795	3,725	4,070	1.5	1.4	1.5
Catholic	134,920	64,825	70,095	25.7	25.0	26.4
Christian Orthodox	7,310	3,590	3,720	1.4	1.4	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	2,725	1,200	1,525	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	720	360	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	3,790	1,700	2,090	0.7	0.7	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	1,470	630	840	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	5,840	2,560	3,275	1.1	1.0	1.2
Presbyterian	13,110	5,975	7,140	2.5	2.3	2.7
Reformed	1,165	570	600	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	31,320	13,660	17,665	6.0	5.3	6.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	14,085	6,560	7,525	2.7	2.5	2.8
Hindu	6,005	3,170	2,840	1.1	1.2	1.1
Jewish	3,370	1,730	1,640	0.6	0.7	0.6
Muslim	9,260	4,825	4,440	1.8	1.9	1.7
Sikh	2,755	1,460	1,295	0.5	0.6	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	650	325	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	3,085	1,245	1,845	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	205,375	108,825	96,550	39.1	42.0	36.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	520,135	256,840	263,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	455,320	224,980	230,340	87.5	87.6	87.5
Movers	64,810	31,860	32,950	12.5	12.4	12.5
Non-migrants	23,700	11,695	11,995	4.6	4.6	4.6
Migrants	41,115	20,165	20,950	7.9	7.9	8.0
Internal migrants	39,670	19,425	20,240	7.6	7.6	7.7
Intraprovincial migrants	38,200	18,725	19,475	7.3	7.3	7.4
Interprovincial migrants	1,470	695	770	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	1,445	735	710	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	498,030	245,555	252,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	287,405	141,935	145,470	57.7	57.8	57.6
Movers	210,630	103,620	107,005	42.3	42.2	42.4
Non-migrants	54,380	26,610	27,765	10.9	10.8	11.0
Migrants	156,250	77,010	79,235	31.4	31.4	31.4
Internal migrants	146,970	72,275	74,695	29.5	29.4	29.6
Intraprovincial migrants	140,250	68,825	71,430	28.2	28.0	28.3
Interprovincial migrants	6,715	3,450	3,270	1.3	1.4	1.3
External migrants	9,280	4,740	4,540	1.9	1.9	1.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	438,145	214,430	223,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	81,270	44,670	36,605	18.5	20.8	16.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	356,880	169,760	187,110	81.5	79.2	83.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	280,010	137,700	142,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	33,695	20,500	13,195	12.0	14.9	9.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	246,315	117,200	129,110	88.0	85.1	90.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	438,145	214,430	223,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	72,425	38,890	33,535	16.5	18.1	15.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	138,420	69,840	68,580	31.6	32.6	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	227,305	105,705	121,600	51.9	49.3	54.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145,735	72,020	73,710	33.3	33.6	32.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	29,200	22,110	7,090	6.7	10.3	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	13,350	8,570	4,785	3.0	4.0	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15,845	13,545	2,300	3.6	6.3	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	108,345	46,300	62,040	24.7	21.6	27.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,195	3,610	4,580	1.9	1.7	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	81,570	33,685	47,885	18.6	15.7	21.4
Bachelor's degree	58,360	23,390	34,970	13.3	10.9	15.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	6,250	2,535	3,715	1.4	1.2	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,015	1,120	895	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	13,575	5,890	7,690	3.1	2.7	3.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,365	755	610	0.3	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	280,015	137,705	142,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	28,800	17,410	11,390	10.3	12.6	8.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	81,665	43,535	38,135	29.2	31.6	26.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	169,545	76,755	92,790	60.5	55.7	65.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	107,165	52,390	54,775	38.3	38.0	38.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	19,595	14,685	4,915	7.0	10.7	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,830	5,605	3,220	3.2	4.1	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10,765	9,075	1,690	3.8	6.6	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	82,225	35,415	46,805	29.4	25.7	32.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,350	2,285	3,060	1.9	1.7	2.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	62,380	24,365	38,015	22.3	17.7	26.7
Bachelor's degree	44,790	17,275	27,520	16.0	12.5	19.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,680	1,750	2,930	1.7	1.3	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,495	680	810	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	10,495	4,210	6,290	3.7	3.1	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	925	455	470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	438,145	214,430	223,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	210,840	108,730	102,115	48.1	50.7	45.6
Education	13,650	3,130	10,515	3.1	1.5	4.7
13. Education	13,650	3,130	10,515	3.1	1.5	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	8,350	3,335	5,015	1.9	1.6	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	905	725	185	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	7,445	2,615	4,835	1.7	1.2	2.2
Humanities	9,910	3,560	6,350	2.3	1.7	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	725	105	615	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	2,675	625	2,050	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,605	930	1,675	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	285	120	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	615	275	340	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	980	590	385	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	1,645	855	785	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	385	65	325	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	29,830	8,290	21,535	6.8	3.9	9.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	315	70	250	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	3,185	1,250	1,935	0.7	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,940	540	6,400	1.6	0.3	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	4,865	1,150	3,715	1.1	0.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	715	200	520	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	4,970	1,200	3,775	1.1	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	8,835	3,885	4,950	2.0	1.8	2.2
Business, management and public administration	43,235	16,590	26,645	9.9	7.7	11.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	4,340	660	3,680	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	38,825	15,895	22,935	8.9	7.4	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,545	2,945	3,605	1.5	1.4	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,660	960	1,700	0.6	0.4	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,830	815	1,015	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,475	980	495	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	445	130	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	7,355	4,840	2,510	1.7	2.3	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	5,870	4,210	1,655	1.3	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	415	15	400	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	900	500	395	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	170	115	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	46,735	43,495	3,240	10.7	20.3	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	1,615	1,135	475	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	6,475	5,370	1,105	1.5	2.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	11,125	10,100	1,025	2.5	4.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	10,930	10,745	185	2.5	5.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10,630	10,435	205	2.4	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	5,960	5,715	245	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,420	2,855	2,570	1.2	1.3	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,550	1,730	1,825	0.8	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,870	1,125	745	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	37,710	6,655	31,060	8.6	3.1	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,025	1,815	2,205	0.9	0.8	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	33,035	4,500	28,535	7.5	2.1	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	110	20	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	545	315	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	18,425	9,975	8,455	4.2	4.7	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	8,410	2,330	6,080	1.9	1.1	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	130	115	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	6,815	4,765	2,045	1.6	2.2	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,030	2,720	310	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	145	40	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	280,010	137,700	142,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	110,465	60,945	49,520	39.5	44.3	34.8
Education	9,315	2,030	7,280	3.3	1.5	5.1
13. Education	9,315	2,030	7,280	3.3	1.5	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,140	2,330	3,810	2.2	1.7	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	545	405	140	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	5,590	1,925	3,665	2.0	1.4	2.6
Humanities	6,890	2,360	4,540	2.5	1.7	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	515	70	445	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,895	415	1,485	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,885	655	1,230	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	205	80	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	435	180	255	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	620	350	260	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	1,115	580	530	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	240	25	215	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	23,220	5,845	17,375	8.3	4.2	12.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	240	45	195	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,640	995	1,645	0.9	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	5,570	350	5,220	2.0	0.3	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	3,980	805	3,170	1.4	0.6	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	550	140	410	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	3,695	790	2,905	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	6,550	2,715	3,830	2.3	2.0	2.7
Business, management and public administration	32,885	12,260	20,620	11.7	8.9	14.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,465	510	2,950	1.2	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	29,355	11,715	17,640	10.5	8.5	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,785	2,020	2,765	1.7	1.5	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,990	715	1,275	0.7	0.5	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,345	535	805	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	110	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,035	645	385	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	310	80	230	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,960	4,070	1,885	2.1	3.0	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,965	3,645	1,320	1.8	2.6	0.9
25. Library science	255	10	250	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	605	325	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	130	90	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	33,655	31,030	2,630	12.0	22.5	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	1,255	865	395	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	4,790	3,840	945	1.7	2.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	8,195	7,400	800	2.9	5.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	7,845	7,720	125	2.8	5.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,370	7,195	175	2.6	5.2	0.1
48. Precision production	4,195	4,005	185	1.5	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,110	2,010	2,095	1.5	1.5	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,690	1,220	1,475	1.0	0.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,420	790	625	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	28,060	4,950	23,110	10.0	3.6	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,140	1,425	1,720	1.1	1.0	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	24,425	3,335	21,100	8.7	2.4	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	80	10	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	410	190	220	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	14,430	7,825	6,610	5.2	5.7	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	6,455	1,760	4,695	2.3	1.3	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	65	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	5,660	3,980	1,680	2.0	2.9	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,210	2,000	215	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	95	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	280,010	137,700	142,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	110,465	60,945	49,520	39.5	44.3	34.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	169,545	76,755	92,790	60.5	55.7	65.2
Location of study inside Canada	149,830	67,650	82,185	53.5	49.1	57.8
Same as province or territory of residence	141,880	63,845	78,035	50.7	46.4	54.8
Different than province or territory of residence	7,955	3,805	4,145	2.8	2.8	2.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	19,710	9,105	10,605	7.0	6.6	7.5
Americas	4,965	2,280	2,680	1.8	1.7	1.9
United States of America	3,225	1,500	1,730	1.2	1.1	1.2
Mexico	250	100	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	115	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	170	105	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Brazil	330	130	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	255	105	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	105	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	435	225	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	5,965	2,925	3,040	2.1	2.1	2.1
Belgium	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	215	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	200	80	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	510	240	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	265	120	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	925	460	470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	655	305	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	110	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,865	940	930	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	90	60	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	685	315	370	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	810	450	360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	275	150	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	110	65	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	245	140	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	7,365	3,195	4,170	2.6	2.3	2.9
Iran⁸⁸	410	215	195	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iraq	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	265	145	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	120	75	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	885	380	505	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	350	130	215	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	1,445	420	1,025	0.5	0.3	0.7
Viet Nam	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	140	45	95	0.0	0.0	0.1
India	2,095	1,050	1,050	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pakistan	595	265	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	555	260	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	615	260	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	545	230	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	438,145	214,430	223,715	...	...	...
In the labour force	275,620	144,515	131,110	...	...	...
Employed	242,975	129,785	113,195	...	...	...
Unemployed	32,650	14,725	17,920	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	162,525	69,920	92,605	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.9	67.4	58.6	62.9	67.4	58.6
Employment rate	55.5	60.5	50.6	55.5	60.5	50.6
Unemployment rate	11.8	10.2	13.7	11.8	10.2	13.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	438,145	214,430	223,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	161,940	70,580	91,360	37.0	32.9	40.8
Worked	276,205	143,850	132,355	63.0	67.1	59.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	147,760	84,250	63,510	33.7	39.3	28.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	128,450	59,600	68,845	29.3	27.8	30.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	42.2	40.1	41.2	42.2	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	275,620	144,510	131,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	6,130	2,840	3,290	2.2	2.0	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	269,495	141,670	127,820	97.8	98.0	97.5
Employee	226,880	115,620	111,255	82.3	80.0	84.9
Permanent position	195,545	100,475	95,070	70.9	69.5	72.5
Temporary position	31,330	15,145	16,185	11.4	10.5	12.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	8,750	3,870	4,880	3.2	2.7	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	22,575	11,270	11,305	8.2	7.8	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	42,615	26,055	16,560	15.5	18.0	12.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	275,620	144,510	131,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	6,130	2,840	3,290	2.2	2.0	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	269,495	141,670	127,820	97.8	98.0	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	2,940	2,130	805	1.1	1.5	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	40,465	10,915	29,555	14.7	7.6	22.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15,930	12,500	3,440	5.8	8.6	2.6
3 Health occupations	21,020	3,440	17,580	7.6	2.4	13.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	31,205	10,515	20,690	11.3	7.3	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	6,750	2,805	3,945	2.4	1.9	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	69,730	29,265	40,465	25.3	20.3	30.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	58,155	53,330	4,830	21.1	36.9	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,785	5,145	1,640	2.5	3.6	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	16,515	11,635	4,880	6.0	8.1	3.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	275,620	144,510	131,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	6,130	2,840	3,290	2.2	2.0	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	269,495	141,670	127,820	97.8	98.0	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,810	2,375	1,440	1.4	1.6	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	695	605	95	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	2,135	1,645	485	0.8	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	30,955	27,155	3,795	11.2	18.8	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	29,610	21,165	8,440	10.7	14.6	6.4
41 Wholesale trade	8,790	6,000	2,790	3.2	4.2	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	33,315	15,210	18,105	12.1	10.5	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	12,700	9,105	3,595	4.6	6.3	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	4,075	2,400	1,675	1.5	1.7	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	7,805	3,055	4,755	2.8	2.1	3.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	5,360	2,645	2,715	1.9	1.8	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15,785	8,040	7,745	5.7	5.6	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	600	290	310	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	13,080	7,465	5,615	4.7	5.2	4.3
61 Educational services	17,620	4,880	12,740	6.4	3.4	9.7
62 Health care and social assistance	33,680	5,295	28,390	12.2	3.7	21.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	5,995	3,120	2,875	2.2	2.2	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	16,135	6,605	9,530	5.9	4.6	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	10,890	5,490	5,400	4.0	3.8	4.1
91 Public administration	16,445	9,125	7,320	6.0	6.3	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	295,880	153,530	142,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	286,140	149,240	136,900	96.7	97.2	96.2
French	785	160	625	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	830	400	440	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	830	400	440	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	3,955	1,565	2,385	1.3	1.0	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	3,980	2,100	1,880	1.3	1.4	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	50	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	295,880	153,530	142,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	294,730	152,990	141,735	99.6	99.6	99.6
Official languages	293,210	152,235	140,980	99.1	99.2	99.0
English	291,965	151,975	139,985	98.7	99.0	98.3
French	1,250	255	995	0.4	0.2	0.7
Non-official languages	1,515	760	755	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,510	760	755	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	965	495	470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	335	140	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	335	140	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	250	100	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	450	265	185	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	165	105	65	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	245	145	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	245	105	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	245	105	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	220	85	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,150	535	615	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	505	190	315	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	630	350	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	295,880	153,530	142,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	288,775	150,295	138,485	97.6	97.9	97.3
English	1,090	420	670	0.4	0.3	0.5
French	3,035	1,290	1,745	1.0	0.8	1.2
Non-official language	2,510	1,300	1,205	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	120	40	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,390	1,260	1,125	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	320	155	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	242,975	129,780	113,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	50,500	21,720	28,780	20.8	16.7	25.4
Worked outside Canada	560	415	145	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	37,770	29,430	8,340	15.5	22.7	7.4
Usual place of work	154,150	78,225	75,935	63.4	60.3	67.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	154,155	78,225	75,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	64,755	28,715	36,040	42.0	36.7	47.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	51,615	26,210	25,405	33.5	33.5	33.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	37,440	23,075	14,365	24.3	29.5	18.9
Commute to a different province or territory	345	220	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	191,925	107,655	84,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	177,560	100,950	76,600	92.5	93.8	90.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	163,325	94,260	69,070	85.1	87.6	82.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	14,225	6,695	7,535	7.4	6.2	8.9
Public transit	3,420	1,475	1,950	1.8	1.4	2.3
Walked	6,535	2,985	3,550	3.4	2.8	4.2
Bicycle	930	640	290	0.5	0.6	0.3
Other method	3,485	1,605	1,880	1.8	1.5	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	191,925	107,655	84,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	60,185	27,915	32,270	31.4	25.9	38.3
15 to 29 minutes	51,400	25,665	25,740	26.8	23.8	30.5
30 to 44 minutes	31,755	19,160	12,590	16.5	17.8	14.9
45 to 59 minutes	19,620	13,335	6,285	10.2	12.4	7.5
60 minutes and over	28,960	21,575	7,385	15.1	20.0	8.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	191,925	107,655	84,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	21,180	16,150	5,030	11.0	15.0	6.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	36,385	23,690	12,695	19.0	22.0	15.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	45,740	25,105	20,640	23.8	23.3	24.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	36,075	15,355	20,710	18.8	14.3	24.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	21,325	8,860	12,465	11.1	8.2	14.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	31,225	18,505	12,720	16.3	17.2	15.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	106,720	54,960	51,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,695	4,930	4,760	9.1	9.0	9.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	97,030	50,035	46,995	90.9	91.0	90.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	77,545	40,030	37,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,380	3,725	3,655	9.5	9.3	9.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	4,245	2,085	2,160	5.5	5.2	5.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,130	1,635	1,490	4.0	4.1	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70,170	36,310	33,860	90.5	90.7	90.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 14, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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