Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SookeMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	11,583	...	...
Population, 2016¹	9,936^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	16.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	4,940	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,702	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	757.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	15.30	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	11,580	5,695	5,890
0 to 14 years	1,890	980	910
0 to 4 years	590	325	270
5 to 9 years	670	340	330
10 to 14 years	630	320	310
15 to 64 years	7,480	3,680	3,795
15 to 19 years	620	340	280
20 to 24 years	460	250	215
25 to 29 years	590	285	305
30 to 34 years	730	355	375
35 to 39 years	880	435	445
40 to 44 years	825	390	440
45 to 49 years	770	395	375
50 to 54 years	815	385	430
55 to 59 years	875	440	445
60 to 64 years	900	400	500
65 years and over	2,215	1,035	1,185
65 to 69 years	820	385	435
70 to 74 years	660	325	335
75 to 79 years	365	160	205
80 to 84 years	215	100	115
85 years and over	150	60	90
85 to 89 years	95	45	50
90 to 94 years	45	10	30
95 to 99 years	10	0	5
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	17.2	15.4
15 to 64 years	64.6	64.6	64.4
65 years and over	19.1	18.2	20.1
85 years and over	1.3	1.1	1.5
Average age of the population	42.6	41.6	43.6
Median age of the population	43.6	42.4	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,700	...	...
Single-detached house	2,765	...	...
Semi-detached house	395	...	...
Row house	285	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	550	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	400	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	285	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,705	...	...
1 person	1,190	...	...
2 persons	1,785	...	...
3 persons	750	...	...
4 persons	620	...	...
5 or more persons	360	...	...
Number of persons in private households	11,480	5,670	5,810
Average household size	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	9,690	4,715	4,980
Married or living common-law	5,865	2,925	2,940
Married	4,445	2,215	2,230
Living common-law	1,420	710	710
Living common law - Never married	980	490	490
Living common law - Separated	70	45	25
Living common law - Divorced	335	165	175
Living common law - Widowed	30	15	15
Not married and not living common-law	3,830	1,785	2,040
Not married and not living common law - Never married	2,295	1,270	1,025
Not married and not living common law - Separated	290	115	170
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	780	285	495
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	465	115	350
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,410	...	...
2 persons	1,885	...	...
3 persons	750	...	...
4 persons	555	...	...
5 or more persons	220	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,405	...	...
Total couple families	2,890	...	...
Married couples	2,180	...	...
With children⁶	1,015	...	...
Without children	1,165	...	...
Common-law couples	715	...	...
With children⁶	300	...	...
Without children	410	...	...
Total one-parent families	515	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	385	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	130	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	11,480	5,670	5,810
Total - Persons in census families	9,395	4,685	4,715
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,785	2,880	2,905
Parents in one-parent families	515	130	385
Children⁶	3,100	1,670	1,425
In a two-parent family	2,315	1,245	1,070
In a one-parent family	785	430	355
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,080	985	1,095
Living alone	1,190	530	665
Living with other relatives⁷	305	120	185
Living with non-relatives only	585	340	245
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,705	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,890	...	...
Couple-family households	2,520	...	...
With children⁶	1,125	...	...
Without children	1,395	...	...
One-parent-family households	375	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	140	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	45	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	225	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	205	...	...
One-person households	1,190	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	9,590	4,695	4,895
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,240	4,510	4,730
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,255	4,515	4,740
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,240	4,125	4,120
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	46,400	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,600	3,355	3,250
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,800	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,715	3,555	4,160
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,800	9,400	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	870	395	475
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,640	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,350	1,085	1,265
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	9,540	4,640	4,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,205	4,485	4,725
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,880	57,550	42,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,220	4,485	4,735
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,120	49,200	37,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,225	4,115	4,110
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080	53,350	36,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,550	3,375	3,175
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,400	52,550	37,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,590	3,495	4,095
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,590	11,010	12,090
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	770	330	440
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,180	7,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,205	1,030	1,175
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,230	8,840	9,560
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	9,540	4,635	4,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,040	1,775	1,265
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	69,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,600	73,400	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,640	1,155	1,480
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	22,800	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,440	31,200	24,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	85.0	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	64.8	68.8	59.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	14.9	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.4	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	3.5	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	9,590	4,690	4,900
Without total income	350	180	170
With total income	9,240	4,510	4,730
Under $10,000 (including loss)	675	270	410
$10,000 to $19,999	1,015	385	635
$20,000 to $29,999	1,410	585	830
$30,000 to $39,999	1,240	510	730
$40,000 to $49,999	1,120	480	640
$50,000 to $59,999	950	480	470
$60,000 to $69,999	765	425	345
$70,000 to $79,999	575	375	205
$80,000 to $89,999	440	280	165
$90,000 to $99,999	320	205	115
$100,000 and over	715	520	195
$100,000 to $149,999	560	395	165
$150,000 and over	155	120	35
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	9,590	4,690	4,900
Without after-tax income	335	180	160
With after-tax income	9,250	4,515	4,740
Under $10,000 (including loss)	720	285	435
$10,000 to $19,999	1,075	405	665
$20,000 to $29,999	1,585	660	925
$30,000 to $39,999	1,445	610	835
$40,000 to $49,999	1,295	615	685
$50,000 to $59,999	1,045	565	485
$60,000 to $69,999	735	445	285
$70,000 to $79,999	510	340	175
$80,000 to $89,999	345	230	110
$90,000 to $99,999	180	120	65
$100,000 and over	315	235	80
$100,000 to $124,999	190	135	50
$125,000 and over	125	100	30
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	9,590	4,690	4,900
Without employment income	2,995	1,340	1,650
With employment income	6,600	3,355	3,245
Under $5,000 (including loss)	880	370	510
$5,000 to $9,999	490	190	295
$10,000 to $19,999	755	290	465
$20,000 to $29,999	590	285	305
$30,000 to $39,999	655	290	360
$40,000 to $49,999	615	275	340
$50,000 to $59,999	640	330	310
$60,000 to $69,999	490	290	195
$70,000 to $79,999	425	280	145
$80,000 to $89,999	330	225	100
$90,000 to $99,999	240	160	80
$100,000 and over	495	360	130
$100,000 to $124,999	310	225	85
$125,000 and over	190	135	50
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	9,590	4,695	4,895
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,135	4,455	4,685
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	49,200	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	9,150	4,455	4,695
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,200	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,295	4,145	4,150
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	46,400	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,970	3,540	3,420
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	47,200	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,270	2,650	3,620
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,100	7,800	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	700	315	390
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,720	4,480	4,920
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	9,540	4,640	4,900
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,120	4,440	4,680
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,040	54,600	39,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,145	4,445	4,695
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,520	34,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,325	4,155	4,165
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,520	52,350	36,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,945	3,535	3,410
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,920	49,640	35,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,300	2,660	3,645
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,270	9,430	9,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	720	340	380
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	5,380	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	9,540	4,635	4,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,005	1,750	1,255
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	67,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,800	69,700	58,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,580	1,125	1,450
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	28,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,120	35,400	27,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.4	89.6	82.0
Employment income (%)	69.4	72.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)	13.6	10.3	17.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,700	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,190	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,510	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,690	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,205	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,490	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,700	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	25	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	185	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	125	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	155	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	155	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	170	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	180	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	330	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	355	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	315	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	310	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	330	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,935	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	680	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	440	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	535	...	...
$200,000 and over	280	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,700	...	...
Under $5,000	45	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	85	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	190	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	150	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	165	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	190	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	180	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	220	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	390	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	400	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	385	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	380	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	375	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,500	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	650	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	410	...	...
$150,000 and over	445	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,355	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,450	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,320	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	480	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,775	865	910
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,200	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,400	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,320	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,455	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,325	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	445	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,750	890	860
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,920	49,800	44,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,880	43,000	38,700
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	11,475	5,670	5,805
0 to 17 years	2,275	1,175	1,100
0 to 5 years	710	375	330
18 to 64 years	7,050	3,470	3,575
65 years and over	2,155	1,020	1,135
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,005	480	530
0 to 17 years	225	120	105
0 to 5 years	70	35	30
18 to 64 years	510	240	270
65 years and over	270	120	150
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.8	8.4	9.1
0 to 17 years (%)	9.9	10.2	9.6
0 to 5 years (%)	9.6	9.5	9.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.2	6.8	7.7
65 years and over (%)	12.6	11.8	13.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	11,335	5,595	5,740
0 to 17 years	2,245	1,155	1,090
0 to 5 years	700	370	330
18 to 64 years	6,960	3,425	3,530
65 years and over	2,135	1,010	1,120
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	285	160	130
0 to 17 years	45	20	20
0 to 5 years	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	200	110	85
65 years and over	40	25	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.8	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.0	1.8	2.2
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.9	3.3	2.5
65 years and over (%)	2.0	2.4	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	11,475	5,670	5,810
In bottom half of the distribution	5,720	2,750	2,965
In bottom decile	985	500	480
In second decile	1,025	460	570
In third decile	1,140	520	625
In fourth decile	1,285	640	640
In fifth decile	1,285	635	655
In top half of the distribution	5,755	2,915	2,840
In sixth decile	1,280	645	640
In seventh decile	1,330	675	655
In eighth decile	1,320	680	640
In ninth decile	1,075	535	540
In top decile	750	385	365
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	11,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.274	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.382	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.247	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	11,500	5,680	5,825
English only	10,445	5,205	5,245
French only	5	0	0
English and French	1,045	470	575
Neither English nor French	10	5	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	11,500	5,680	5,825
English	11,260	5,560	5,705
French	215	105	110
English and French	15	5	10
Neither English nor French	10	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	11,500	5,680	5,825
Single responses	11,335	5,600	5,730
Official languages	10,735	5,325	5,410
English	10,515	5,215	5,295
French	220	105	115
Non-official languages	595	275	315
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	595	275	320
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	20	15	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	15	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	65	25	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	5	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	20	35
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	420	200	220
Albanian	5	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	40	45
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	80	40	45
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	15	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	20	10	10
Russian	25	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	5	5	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	0	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	210	95	115
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	130	60	75
German	125	55	70
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	5	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	60	25	35
Afrikaans	10	5	10
Dutch	50	20	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	10
Danish	15	10	5
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5
Swedish	5	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	35	20	15
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	5	5	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	5	10
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	5	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	35	40
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	10
Portuguese	15	5	5
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	40	20	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	5	10
Korean	10	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	10	20
Chinese languages	35	10	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	20	5	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	5	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	5	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	165	80	90
English and French	80	35	45
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	40
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	11,500	5,680	5,825
English	10,850	5,370	5,480
French	45	20	25
Non-official language	85	45	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	85	40	40
English and French	155	70	80
English and non-official language(s)	330	150	180
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	11,500	5,680	5,825
Single responses	11,410	5,640	5,770
Official languages	11,250	5,555	5,690
English	11,180	5,520	5,660
French	75	35	35
Non-official languages	165	80	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	160	80	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	25	15	15
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	15	15
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	40	45
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	20	10	10
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	5	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	5	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	30	15	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	10	5
German	15	10	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	5	0	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	5
Korean	5	0	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	5	5
Chinese languages	15	5	5
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	5	5
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	90	40	50
English and French	25	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	55	25	30
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	11,500	5,680	5,825
None	11,055	5,475	5,580
English	95	50	45
French	105	50	60
Non-official language	200	85	115
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	200	85	115
English and French	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	11,365	5,565	5,805
Official languages	11,350	5,550	5,795
English	11,350	5,550	5,795
French	1,000	420	580
Non-official languages	940	445	495
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	10	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	10	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	930	445	485
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	15	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	15	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	85	35	45
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	75	25	45
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	675	345	330
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	60	40
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	95	60	40
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	15	20
Russian	15	10	0
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	25	25	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	295	130	165
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	185	75	110
German	180	75	105
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	40	40
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	75	40	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	15
Danish	35	20	15
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	45	30	15
Indo-Aryan languages	35	25	15
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	10	10	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	0
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	270	150	120
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	40	25	15
Portuguese	20	0	10
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	240	130	105
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	20	10	10
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	10	20
American Sign Language	35	10	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	10	45
Chinese languages	60	10	45
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	10	30
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	0	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	15	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	11,365	5,565	5,805
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	975	490	485
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	940	470	470
First Nations (North American Indian)	540	275	265
Métis	395	190	200
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	15	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	10,385	5,070	5,320
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	11,365	5,565	5,805
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	265	120	150
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	11,095	5,445	5,650
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,695	...	...
Owner	3,670	...	...
Renter	1,000	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	25	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,695	...	...
Condominium	595	...	...
Not condominium	4,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,695	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...
1 bedroom	430	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,055	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,945	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,695	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,090	...	...
5 rooms	875	...	...
6 rooms	795	...	...
7 rooms	635	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,305	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,695	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,630	...	...
More than one person per room	65	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,695	...	...
Suitable	4,580	...	...
Not suitable	115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,695	...	...
1960 or before	390	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,240	...	...
1981 to 1990	650	...	...
1991 to 2000	625	...	...
2001 to 2005	240	...	...
2006 to 2010	415	...	...
2011 to 2015	500	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	635	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,695	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,450	...	...
Major repairs needed	245	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,695	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,130	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,295	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	275	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,695	...	...
15 to 24 years	65	...	...
25 to 34 years	515	...	...
35 to 44 years	870	...	...
45 to 54 years	835	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,060	...	...
65 to 74 years	875	...	...
75 to 84 years	365	...	...
85 years and over	100	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,630	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,580	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,050	...	...
30% to less than 100%	965	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,695	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,335	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	980	...	...
Not suitable only	95	...	...
Major repairs needed only	180	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	3,360	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,540	...	...
In core need	565	...	...
Not in core need	3,975	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,645	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,540	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,540	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	645,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	649,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	995	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	32.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,504	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	552	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	560	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	11,365	5,560	5,800
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	270	155	120
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	270	155	120
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	210	100	105
Métis single ancestry	65	50	15
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	800	380	415
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	780	370	410
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	510	270	240
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	265	95	165
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	10,300	5,035	5,265
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	11,365	5,560	5,800
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	11,060	5,400	5,665
Canadian citizens aged under 18	2,170	1,060	1,115
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	8,885	4,340	4,550
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	305	165	140
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	11,365	5,560	5,800
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	10,050	4,895	5,155
Immigrants⁸¹	1,285	640	640
Before 1980	550	255	290
1980 to 1990	185	85	100
1991 to 2000	115	80	40
2001 to 2010	235	135	105
2011 to 2021⁸²	200	85	110
2011 to 2015	100	40	60
2016 to 2021	105	45	55
Non-permanent residents⁸³	30	30	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,285	640	645
Under 5 years	150	70	85
5 to 14 years	260	135	125
15 to 24 years	295	140	155
25 to 44 years	500	260	235
45 years and over	85	35	45
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,285	640	645
Americas	225	110	110
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	10	10	0
El Salvador	10	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	25	10	15
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	160	70	85
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0
Europe	785	405	385
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	15	0	15
Germany	85	30	55
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	15	0	10
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	55	30	25
Poland	15	0	10
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	15	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	425	225	200
Other places of birth in Europe	120	85	40
Africa	35	10	25
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	15
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0
Asia	210	80	125
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	25
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	95	35	55
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	20	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35	35	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	100	50	55
Americas	10	10	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	35	15	20
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	45	15	30
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	20	0	15
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	11,360	5,565	5,805
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,460	760	705
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,110	1,010	1,095
Third generation or more¹⁰²	7,795	3,795	4,000
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	740	385	350
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	355	170	185
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	190	100	90
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	165	75	95
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	320	175	150
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	35	10
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	740	385	350
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	140	85	55
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	0	15
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	10	40
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	20	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	490	260	230
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	11,360	5,565	5,805
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	665	340	320
South Asian	65	45	15
Chinese	135	60	75
Black	80	35	40
Filipino	140	65	85
Arab	10	10	0
Latin American	90	50	40
Southeast Asian	15	0	10
West Asian	10	10	0
Korean	0	0	0
Japanese	50	30	25
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	55	25	25
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	10,705	5,220	5,480
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	11,365	5,565	5,800
Canadian	1,565	760	810
English	3,915	1,890	2,025
Irish	2,475	1,130	1,345
Scottish	2,875	1,350	1,530
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,215	515	690
German	1,490	735	760
Chinese	170	75	95
Italian	345	160	185
Indian (India)	105	60	45
Ukrainian	590	265	320
Dutch	670	250	420
Polish	480	235	235
Québécois	30	10	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	595	295	300
Filipino	165	70	95
French Canadian	155	80	80
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	305	160	150
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	425	225	200
Métis	340	150	190
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	325	160	165
Russian	215	105	110
Norwegian	510	200	310
Welsh	440	205	240
Portuguese	75	40	35
American	100	35	65
Spanish	160	65	95
Swedish	330	140	190
Hungarian	140	60	80
Acadian	35	10	25
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	10	0	10
Jewish	55	40	15
Punjabi	10	0	0
Vietnamese	20	10	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	10
Greek	40	10	35
Jamaican	50	25	25
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	10	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	50	20	30
Korean	15	10	0
Romanian	85	30	50
Lebanese	35	10	25
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0
Danish	275	145	130
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	85	40	45
Sikh	10	0	0
Austrian	120	35	85
Belgian	20	10	10
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0
Mexican	10	0	0
Mennonite	15	15	0
Swiss	95	35	55
Finnish	70	25	50
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	25	10	15
Japanese	85	55	30
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	10	0	10
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	105	65	40
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	35	10	30
Colombian	15	0	10
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	55	15	40
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	35	10	25
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	20	15	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0
Turkish	25	0	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	15	15
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	10
Algonquin	30	15	15
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	10	0	10
South African	40	20	20
Australian	40	20	25
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	20	10
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	30	15	10
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	20	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	35	10	20
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	10	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	15	10
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	15	15	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	20	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	25	25	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	0	15
British Columbian	105	70	40
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	10	0	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0
New Zealander	45	20	25
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	11,365	5,565	5,800
Buddhist	45	35	10
Christian	3,600	1,590	2,010
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	625	275	355
Anabaptist	15	10	0
Anglican	520	215	310
Baptist	195	105	90
Catholic	1,125	545	585
Christian Orthodox	10	0	10
Jehovah's Witness	165	65	105
Latter Day Saints	55	25	30
Lutheran	175	80	90
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	50	25	30
Presbyterian	115	60	55
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	340	120	225
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	205	75	125
Hindu	10	10	0
Jewish	35	20	20
Muslim	40	25	20
Sikh	10	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35	15	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	135	60	80
No religion and secular perspectives	7,450	3,805	3,645
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	11,260	5,490	5,770
Non-movers	9,560	4,640	4,915
Movers	1,705	850	855
Non-migrants	715	350	360
Migrants	990	500	490
Internal migrants	955	475	475
Intraprovincial migrants	745	380	360
Interprovincial migrants	210	90	115
External migrants	40	20	15
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	10,755	5,210	5,550
Non-movers	5,310	2,590	2,720
Movers	5,445	2,620	2,825
Non-migrants	1,550	725	825
Migrants	3,895	1,890	2,000
Internal migrants	3,745	1,810	1,930
Intraprovincial migrants	2,750	1,345	1,405
Interprovincial migrants	990	465	525
External migrants	150	85	70
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,540	4,640	4,900
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,730	975	755
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	7,805	3,660	4,145
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,255	3,075	3,180
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	925	575	350
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,330	2,500	2,830
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,540	4,640	4,900
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,420	780	640
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,070	1,545	1,530
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,045	2,315	2,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,480	1,710	1,765
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,065	730	335
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	400	185	210
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	670	540	120
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,150	860	1,285
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	265	125	140
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,570	600	965
Bachelor's degree	1,015	390	620
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	85	35	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	10	20
Master's degree	390	150	235
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	20	30
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,255	3,075	3,180
No certificate, diploma or degree	715	440	275
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,925	995	935
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,610	1,640	1,975
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,515	1,245	1,270
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	765	520	250
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	285	135	155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	485	385	95
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,540	635	905
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	205	90	120
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,095	390	705
Bachelor's degree	750	290	460
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	10	25
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	0	20
Master's degree	260	85	175
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25	0	25
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,535	4,640	4,895
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,490	2,325	2,170
Education	355	90	270
13. Education	355	90	270
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	205	60	145
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	10
50. Visual and performing arts	180	45	135
Humanities	150	60	90
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	50	15	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	35	15	20
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10
54. History	10	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	655	230	425
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	65	20	50
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	155	15	135
22. Legal professions and studies	95	40	60
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	15	0
42. Psychology	125	25	100
45. Social sciences	195	115	80
Business, management and public administration	785	245	540
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	10	55
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	720	230	485
Physical and life sciences and technologies	155	90	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	65	25	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	30	25	10
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	55	45	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	135	95	40
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	90	25
25. Library science	10	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,105	1,015	90
04. Architecture and related services	25	20	10
14. Engineering	95	75	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	255	235	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	415	395	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	195	190	0
48. Precision production	120	105	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	205	80	125
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	35	105
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	45	20
Health and related fields	800	115	685
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	55	20	35
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	735	85	650
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	500	250	245
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	280	75	205
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	0	10
43. Security and protective services	85	65	20
49. Transportation and materials moving	115	105	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,255	3,075	3,175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,645	1,435	1,205
Education	225	45	175
13. Education	225	45	175
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	155	50	105
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	140	40	100
Humanities	105	40	65
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	40	15	25
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	20	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	10	0	0
54. History	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	465	150	315
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	0	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125	15	115
22. Legal professions and studies	85	30	50
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	10	0
42. Psychology	70	10	60
45. Social sciences	140	85	55
Business, management and public administration	570	190	380
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	50	0	45
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	520	185	335
Physical and life sciences and technologies	90	55	35
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	15	15
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	20	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	40	25	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	90	70	20
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	80	65	15
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	795	715	85
04. Architecture and related services	20	10	10
14. Engineering	75	55	20
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	180	165	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	315	295	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	130	125	0
48. Precision production	80	70	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	150	45	105
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	110	20	95
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	25	10
Health and related fields	575	80	495
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	15	30
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	530	65	465
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	395	195	200
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	225	65	160
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	10
43. Security and protective services	65	45	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	90	75	15
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,255	3,075	3,175
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,645	1,435	1,205
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,615	1,635	1,975
Location of study inside Canada	3,225	1,445	1,780
Same as province or territory of residence	2,280	970	1,310
Different than province or territory of residence	940	475	470
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	390	195	190
Americas	125	60	70
United States of America	105	45	60
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	170	90	75
Belgium	0	0	0
France	15	0	10
Germany	30	15	15
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	40	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	20	20
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	75	30	45
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	20	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	35	10	30
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	10	10	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	10	10	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	9,540	4,640	4,900
In the labour force	5,900	3,105	2,790
Employed	5,485	2,885	2,595
Unemployed	410	220	190
Not in the labour force	3,640	1,530	2,105
Participation rate	61.8	66.9	56.9
Employment rate	57.5	62.2	53.0
Unemployment rate	6.9	7.1	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	9,535	4,640	4,895
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,595	1,560	2,035
Worked	5,940	3,080	2,865
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,120	1,820	1,300
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,820	1,260	1,565
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.6	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	5,895	3,110	2,790
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110	55	55
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	5,790	3,055	2,730
Employee	4,765	2,465	2,305
Permanent position	4,145	2,200	1,945
Temporary position	620	265	360
Fixed term (1 year or more)	230	135	95
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	390	125	260
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,020	590	430
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	5,895	3,110	2,790
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110	55	55
All occupations¹⁹¹	5,790	3,055	2,730
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	40	30	10
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	775	210	565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	375	265	105
3 Health occupations	365	35	330
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	825	325	505
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	165	60	100
6 Sales and service occupations	1,535	610	925
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,420	1,280	135
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	145	125	25
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	145	115	25
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	5,895	3,110	2,790
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	110	55	55
All industries¹⁹¹	5,790	3,055	2,730
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	80	80	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	10	10	0
22 Utilities	25	20	0
23 Construction	855	760	95
31-33 Manufacturing	225	160	65
41 Wholesale trade	60	55	10
44-45 Retail trade	750	340	405
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	215	160	60
51 Information and cultural industries	60	35	25
52 Finance and insurance	115	30	85
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	70	40	30
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	385	205	175
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	15	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	385	220	165
61 Educational services	440	145	295
62 Health care and social assistance	660	105	550
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	160	75	85
72 Accommodation and food services	330	110	220
81 Other services (except public administration)	280	115	160
91 Public administration	685	380	305
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,405	3,320	3,085
English	6,210	3,225	2,985
French	0	0	0
Non-official language	10	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0
English and French	95	30	65
English and non-official language(s)	85	50	35
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,405	3,320	3,085
Single responses	6,390	3,310	3,080
Official languages	6,380	3,300	3,080
English	6,360	3,300	3,055
French	20	0	20
Non-official languages	10	10	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0
English and French	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,405	3,320	3,085
None	6,240	3,245	2,995
English	15	0	15
French	65	25	40
Non-official language	85	50	35
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	80	45	35
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,480	2,885	2,600
Worked at home	1,035	485	555
Worked outside Canada	10	10	0
No fixed workplace address	1,165	880	280
Usual place of work	3,270	1,515	1,760
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	3,270	1,515	1,760
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,135	380	755
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,050	1,070	975
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	75	50	30
Commute to a different province or territory	15	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	4,435	2,395	2,045
Car, truck or van	3,890	2,180	1,710
Car, truck or van - as a driver	3,635	2,045	1,590
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	260	140	115
Public transit	180	50	130
Walked	180	65	120
Bicycle	60	30	30
Other method	125	65	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	4,435	2,395	2,045
Less than 15 minutes	1,235	475	760
15 to 29 minutes	655	330	330
30 to 44 minutes	1,095	630	460
45 to 59 minutes	790	520	270
60 minutes and over	665	440	230
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	4,435	2,395	2,045
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	420	280	145
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,025	715	310
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,075	595	480
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	740	300	445
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	500	145	355
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	680	360	315
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	2,325	1,200	1,125
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	205	110	100
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,115	1,090	1,025
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,690	860	825
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	165	85	75
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	25	30
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	105	60	50
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,525	775	755

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 16, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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