Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SquamishMore information: British Columbia [Census agglomeration]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	24,232	...	...
Population, 2016¹	19,893	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	21.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,033	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,308	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	229.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	105.43	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	24,225	12,245	11,985
0 to 14 years	4,555	2,320	2,230
0 to 4 years	1,490	760	725
5 to 9 years	1,560	805	755
10 to 14 years	1,510	760	750
15 to 64 years	16,825	8,565	8,265
15 to 19 years	1,060	575	495
20 to 24 years	980	535	445
25 to 29 years	1,725	865	860
30 to 34 years	2,365	1,150	1,210
35 to 39 years	2,605	1,280	1,325
40 to 44 years	2,315	1,165	1,145
45 to 49 years	2,005	1,035	970
50 to 54 years	1,490	785	700
55 to 59 years	1,245	635	610
60 to 64 years	1,035	530	500
65 years and over	2,845	1,360	1,495
65 to 69 years	960	450	510
70 to 74 years	745	375	370
75 to 79 years	525	275	250
80 to 84 years	325	145	175
85 years and over	295	110	185
85 to 89 years	185	75	110
90 to 94 years	75	25	50
95 to 99 years	25	5	15
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	18.9	18.6
15 to 64 years	69.5	69.9	69.0
65 years and over	11.7	11.1	12.5
85 years and over	1.2	0.9	1.5
Average age of the population	37.8	37.5	38.2
Median age of the population	37.6	37.6	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,310	...	...
Single-detached house	3,810	...	...
Semi-detached house	845	...	...
Row house	1,355	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	610	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,660	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	635	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	370	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,305	...	...
1 person	2,195	...	...
2 persons	3,105	...	...
3 persons	1,670	...	...
4 persons	1,590	...	...
5 or more persons	750	...	...
Number of persons in private households	23,965	12,130	11,835
Average household size	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,675	9,920	9,760
Married or living common-law	12,150	6,070	6,075
Married	8,510	4,250	4,260
Living common-law	3,640	1,825	1,815
Living common law - Never married	3,075	1,555	1,515
Living common law - Separated	100	40	60
Living common law - Divorced	430	215	215
Living common law - Widowed	30	10	25
Not married and not living common-law	7,525	3,845	3,680
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,330	3,000	2,335
Not married and not living common law - Separated	485	225	260
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,050	475	575
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	660	150	510
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,720	...	...
2 persons	3,320	...	...
3 persons	1,490	...	...
4 persons	1,515	...	...
5 or more persons	395	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,720	...	...
Total couple families	5,965	...	...
Married couples	4,145	...	...
With children⁶	2,500	...	...
Without children	1,650	...	...
Common-law couples	1,820	...	...
With children⁶	595	...	...
Without children	1,220	...	...
Total one-parent families	755	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	550	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	210	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	23,970	12,130	11,835
Total - Persons in census families	19,235	9,655	9,585
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,930	5,965	5,965
Parents in one-parent families	760	205	550
Children⁶	6,545	3,480	3,070
In a two-parent family	5,420	2,885	2,535
In a one-parent family	1,130	595	530
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,730	2,485	2,245
Living alone	2,200	1,085	1,115
Living with other relatives⁷	520	225	295
Living with non-relatives only	2,015	1,175	840
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,310	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,550	...	...
Couple-family households	4,985	...	...
With children⁶	2,620	...	...
Without children	2,370	...	...
One-parent-family households	560	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	280	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	515	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	660	...	...
One-person households	2,195	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,415	9,810	9,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,010	9,605	9,405
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	58,400	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,035	9,615	9,420
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	50,800	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,840	9,095	8,750
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	55,600	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,635	8,065	7,570
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,000	55,600	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,540	6,650	7,890
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,300	7,300	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,035	915	1,115
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,840	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,690	2,695	2,995
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,410	9,805	9,600
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,000	9,615	9,390
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,350	73,600	52,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,010	9,615	9,395
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,350	59,200	45,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,800	9,115	8,685
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,450	70,800	47,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,635	8,080	7,555
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,200	68,700	47,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,535	6,740	7,795
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,020	9,310	10,630
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,990	890	1,100
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,890	7,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,655	2,745	2,910
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630	8,320	8,920
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,405	9,810	9,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,725	4,445	3,275
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	78,000	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,900	89,900	71,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,425	2,985	3,445
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	29,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,680	43,520	30,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.0	91.2	83.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	75.6	78.4	71.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.1	8.9	16.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	3.8	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.2	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,415	9,810	9,605
Without total income	410	205	200
With total income	19,010	9,600	9,405
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,330	590	735
$10,000 to $19,999	1,610	665	945
$20,000 to $29,999	2,170	885	1,285
$30,000 to $39,999	2,200	965	1,230
$40,000 to $49,999	2,075	915	1,155
$50,000 to $59,999	1,885	900	980
$60,000 to $69,999	1,510	800	705
$70,000 to $79,999	1,325	725	600
$80,000 to $89,999	1,045	575	470
$90,000 to $99,999	895	510	380
$100,000 and over	2,975	2,060	915
$100,000 to $149,999	1,935	1,285	655
$150,000 and over	1,040	775	260
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,415	9,810	9,605
Without after-tax income	380	195	185
With after-tax income	19,030	9,615	9,415
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,415	625	790
$10,000 to $19,999	1,685	695	985
$20,000 to $29,999	2,530	1,050	1,480
$30,000 to $39,999	2,655	1,205	1,450
$40,000 to $49,999	2,450	1,150	1,295
$50,000 to $59,999	2,070	1,055	1,015
$60,000 to $69,999	1,660	915	745
$70,000 to $79,999	1,340	735	600
$80,000 to $89,999	930	570	360
$90,000 to $99,999	610	390	220
$100,000 and over	1,695	1,225	470
$100,000 to $124,999	875	610	265
$125,000 and over	820	615	205
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,415	9,810	9,605
Without employment income	3,785	1,750	2,040
With employment income	15,630	8,060	7,565
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,645	740	910
$5,000 to $9,999	1,040	435	600
$10,000 to $19,999	1,560	675	890
$20,000 to $29,999	1,335	550	785
$30,000 to $39,999	1,435	650	790
$40,000 to $49,999	1,350	635	720
$50,000 to $59,999	1,235	625	610
$60,000 to $69,999	1,070	570	500
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010	575	430
$80,000 to $89,999	855	470	385
$90,000 to $99,999	715	430	290
$100,000 and over	2,380	1,710	670
$100,000 to $124,999	1,025	690	335
$125,000 and over	1,355	1,020	335
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,415	9,810	9,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,550	9,340	9,210
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,400	57,200	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,590	9,345	9,245
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,200	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,615	8,955	8,660
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	56,000	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,775	8,085	7,695
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	54,000	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,990	4,535	6,450
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,560	1,960	4,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,490	620	870
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,840	6,450
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,410	9,805	9,600
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,565	9,365	9,200
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,450	70,800	52,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,600	9,370	9,235
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,200	56,900	43,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,580	8,995	8,590
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,400	70,100	50,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,755	8,110	7,650
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,600	66,800	47,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,910	4,465	6,445
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	7,180	7,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,480	635	850
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,320	5,700	8,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,405	9,810	9,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,580	4,360	3,215
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	73,500	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,600	84,700	68,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	6,135	2,870	3,265
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,800	37,600	29,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,840	50,480	38,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0	95.2	90.0
Employment income (%)	79.6	81.8	76.4
Government transfers (%)	7.0	4.8	9.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.5	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,305	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,195	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,110	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,300	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,195	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	70,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,110	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,305	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	160	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	180	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	190	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	165	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	205	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	200	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	230	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	515	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	505	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	520	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	540	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	540	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,190	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,185	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,025	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,500	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,475	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,305	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	190	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	220	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	200	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	240	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	245	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	310	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	580	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	650	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	635	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	640	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,390	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,335	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,090	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,960	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,605	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,645	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,085	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	710	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,210	2,260	1,955
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	50,400	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	44,000	40,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,630	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,665	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,075	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	710	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,140	2,190	1,950
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	61,750	67,600	55,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,760	54,300	46,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	23,965	12,135	11,830
0 to 17 years	5,210	2,665	2,540
0 to 5 years	1,790	915	875
18 to 64 years	16,080	8,175	7,905
65 years and over	2,680	1,290	1,390
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,515	700	810
0 to 17 years	375	170	205
0 to 5 years	105	60	50
18 to 64 years	870	425	445
65 years and over	270	110	160
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.3	5.8	6.9
0 to 17 years (%)	7.2	6.5	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	6.2	5.8
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.2	5.6
65 years and over (%)	10.0	8.2	11.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	23,555	11,930	11,620
0 to 17 years	5,105	2,630	2,475
0 to 5 years	1,760	900	860
18 to 64 years	15,805	8,030	7,770
65 years and over	2,645	1,270	1,370
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	725	380	345
0 to 17 years	165	85	75
0 to 5 years	50	30	25
18 to 64 years	510	270	240
65 years and over	45	20	30
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.4	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.4	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.6	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	23,965	12,130	11,830
In bottom half of the distribution	8,860	4,350	4,510
In bottom decile	1,730	865	860
In second decile	1,390	635	755
In third decile	1,775	875	900
In fourth decile	1,875	930	940
In fifth decile	2,095	1,035	1,055
In top half of the distribution	15,110	7,785	7,325
In sixth decile	2,360	1,215	1,145
In seventh decile	2,650	1,350	1,300
In eighth decile	3,095	1,590	1,505
In ninth decile	3,415	1,765	1,650
In top decile	3,580	1,865	1,720
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	23,970	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.377	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	24,130	12,205	11,925
English only	20,740	10,655	10,085
French only	15	5	5
English and French	3,155	1,445	1,710
Neither English nor French	225	105	120
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	24,130	12,205	11,925
English	23,065	11,700	11,365
French	760	375	385
English and French	85	40	50
Neither English nor French	220	100	120
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	24,130	12,205	11,925
Single responses	23,450	11,870	11,580
Official languages	20,070	10,255	9,810
English	19,295	9,880	9,420
French	775	380	390
Non-official languages	3,380	1,610	1,765
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	5
Algonquian languages	5	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,375	1,610	1,765
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	30	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	55	25	30
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	320	135	185
Bikol	10	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	5
Cebuano	15	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5
Ilocano	25	10	15
Indonesian	10	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	255	105	145
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	20	10	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,525	1,235	1,290
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	320	135	185
Baltic languages	15	5	10
Latvian	10	0	5
Lithuanian	10	5	5
Slavic languages	305	125	175
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	5	5
Czech	75	30	40
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	90	35	55
Russian	55	25	30
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	35	10	20
Bosnian	5	0	5
Croatian	10	5	10
Serbian	15	5	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	30	15	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	15	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	10	5	5
Irish	5	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	445	220	225
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	290	140	150
German	270	125	145
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	25	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	30
Afrikaans	5	5	0
Dutch	70	35	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	75	40	40
Danish	25	15	10
Icelandic	5	5	0
Norwegian	10	5	10
Swedish	35	15	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,255	625	630
Indo-Aryan languages	1,205	600	605
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5
Hindi	45	30	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,135	560	580
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	50	25	25
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	40	25	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	35	20	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	490	245	245
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	80	45	40
Portuguese	65	25	35
Romanian	20	5	10
Spanish	325	165	155
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	125	50	70
Korean	65	35	35
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	5	5	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	70	85
Chinese languages	155	70	85
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	85	45	45
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	10	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	50	20	25
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	15	5	10
Hungarian	35	15	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	685	340	345
English and French	195	100	95
English and non-official language(s)	430	210	225
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	24,130	12,205	11,925
English	19,905	10,175	9,730
French	190	105	90
Non-official language	1,015	490	525
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	1,015	490	525
English and French	635	310	325
English and non-official language(s)	2,235	1,065	1,170
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	45	70
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	24,130	12,205	11,925
Single responses	23,590	11,950	11,640
Official languages	21,780	11,065	10,710
English	21,450	10,905	10,550
French	325	165	160
Non-official languages	1,810	880	935
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,810	875	930
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	15	10
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	15	10
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	25	15	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	180	85	100
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	5	5
Indonesian	5	5	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	65	85
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,395	670	725
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	40	50
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	90	45	50
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	25	5	15
Russian	35	15	15
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	70	30	45
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	40	15	25
German	40	15	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10
Danish	5	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	15	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	1,025	495	525
Indo-Aryan languages	995	485	505
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	5	5	5
Hindi	25	15	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	955	460	490
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	30	15	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	5	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	20	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	95	100
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	10
Portuguese	15	5	10
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	150	75	80
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	70	40	35
Korean	40	20	20
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	60	30	30
Chinese languages	60	30	30
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	25	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	5	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	5	5	5
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	545	260	280
English and French	110	50	60
English and non-official language(s)	430	210	220
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	24,130	12,205	11,930
None	21,600	11,010	10,595
English	820	400	420
French	415	205	210
Non-official language	1,070	490	575
Indigenous³⁹	25	5	25
Non-Indigenous	1,040	485	555
English and French	10	5	10
English and non-official language(s)	65	30	35
French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	23,960	12,130	11,830
Official languages	23,725	12,015	11,710
English	23,715	12,005	11,710
French	3,160	1,435	1,725
Non-official languages	5,170	2,475	2,690
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	20	45
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	35	10	25
Halkomelem	15	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	30	10	20
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,110	2,455	2,650
Afro-Asiatic languages	175	115	60
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	175	115	60
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	160	105	55
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	25	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	380	165	220
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0
Ilocano	20	0	20
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	365	155	210
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,885	1,880	2,005
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	525	205	320
Baltic languages	25	10	20
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	495	195	300
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	20	0	15
Czech	160	75	85
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	125	45	85
Russian	125	55	70
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	65	20	45
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	10	0	0
Serbian	45	15	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	55	25	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	15	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	20	10	10
Irish	15	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	790	415	375
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	595	330	260
German	565	310	255
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	50	30	25
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150	85	60
Afrikaans	35	25	15
Dutch	110	65	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	100	40	60
Danish	15	15	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	30	20	15
Swedish	75	25	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	50	30	20
Indo-Iranian languages	1,425	725	695
Indo-Aryan languages	1,380	700	675
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	275	140	135
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,280	640	635
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	45	25	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	45	25	20
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	40	25	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,250	585	665
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	165	90	80
Portuguese	95	40	60
Romanian	30	10	20
Spanish	1,010	460	545
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	240	130	110
Korean	125	55	70
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	20	10	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	30	0	20
American Sign Language	30	0	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	45	120
Chinese languages	170	45	120
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	85	25	55
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	25	65
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	20	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	15	15	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	15	10	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	110	60	50
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	10	0	0
Hungarian	95	50	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,960	12,130	11,830
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,285	630	655
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,235	605	625
First Nations (North American Indian)	920	450	465
Métis	310	155	155
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	0	20
Non-Indigenous identity	22,670	11,500	11,170
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,960	12,130	11,830
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	765	390	370
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	23,195	11,735	11,460
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,300	...	...
Owner	6,460	...	...
Renter	2,765	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	75	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,300	...	...
Condominium	2,540	...	...
Not condominium	6,760	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,300	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...
1 bedroom	1,220	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,980	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,625	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,395	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,300	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,000	...	...
5 rooms	1,685	...	...
6 rooms	1,380	...	...
7 rooms	1,100	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,140	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,300	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,090	...	...
More than one person per room	210	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,300	...	...
Suitable	8,830	...	...
Not suitable	475	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,300	...	...
1960 or before	365	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,760	...	...
1981 to 1990	915	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,365	...	...
2001 to 2005	540	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,000	...	...
2011 to 2015	690	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,300	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,775	...	...
Major repairs needed	525	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,300	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,850	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,715	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	735	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,300	...	...
15 to 24 years	140	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,640	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,575	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,005	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,325	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,015	...	...
75 to 84 years	485	...	...
85 years and over	130	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,160	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,830	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,325	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,065	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,300	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,045	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,080	...	...
Not suitable only	365	...	...
Major repairs needed only	335	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,255	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,895	...	...
In core need	570	...	...
Not in core need	8,325	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,425	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,172	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,113,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,755	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,864	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	75	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	420	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	23,955	12,125	11,830
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	430	185	245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	430	185	245
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	375	175	200
Métis single ancestry	50	10	40
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	970	500	475
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	960	500	460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	725	375	345
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	240	130	110
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	22,555	11,440	11,115
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	23,955	12,130	11,825
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	21,530	10,845	10,685
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,965	2,505	2,465
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	16,565	8,335	8,225
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,430	1,290	1,140
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	23,955	12,130	11,825
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	18,495	9,370	9,125
Immigrants⁸¹	4,775	2,365	2,415
Before 1980	1,020	520	500
1980 to 1990	390	165	220
1991 to 2000	730	360	375
2001 to 2010	805	365	435
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,840	955	885
2011 to 2015	850	440	415
2016 to 2021	990	520	470
Non-permanent residents⁸³	685	395	290
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,775	2,365	2,415
Under 5 years	365	145	220
5 to 14 years	680	365	315
15 to 24 years	855	420	435
25 to 44 years	2,545	1,275	1,265
45 years and over	340	150	185
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,775	2,365	2,415
Americas	650	290	365
Brazil	50	10	40
Colombia	30	20	0
El Salvador	15	10	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	10	0
Mexico	95	35	65
Peru	10	0	10
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	350	155	190
Other places of birth in Americas	85	50	40
Europe	2,080	1,080	995
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	20
Croatia	10	0	0
France	70	45	20
Germany	170	90	80
Greece	10	0	0
Hungary	60	30	25
Italy	60	50	10
Netherlands	105	55	45
Poland	80	30	50
Portugal	0	0	0
Romania	30	15	15
Russian Federation	40	20	20
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	970	530	445
Other places of birth in Europe	415	185	235
Africa	150	85	60
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	25	15	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	55	30	30
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	20
Asia	1,540	700	835
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	20
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	20	15	0
Turkey	10	0	0
China⁹⁰	65	30	35
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	35
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	305	125	185
Viet Nam	15	15	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	830	400	425
Pakistan	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	145	55	85
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	360	210	155
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	985	515	465
Americas	175	90	85
Brazil	10	0	10
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	125	70	60
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10
Europe	410	230	185
France	25	15	10
Germany	40	20	15
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	15
Italy	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	210	135	70
Other places of birth in Europe	100	35	65
Africa	35	20	15
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	15	0
Asia	220	100	115
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	105	50	55
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	40	25	20
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	145	80	65
Australia	120	65	50
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	10	10
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	23,960	12,130	11,830
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,900	3,010	2,890
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,225	2,665	2,565
Third generation or more¹⁰²	12,835	6,460	6,380
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,760	1,845	1,910
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,105	1,090	1,015
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,190	780	405
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	915	305	610
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,435	635	800
Refugees¹⁰⁸	175	100	75
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	20	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,760	1,845	1,910
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55	45	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,210	635	570
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	105	45	60
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	335	155	180
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,040	960	1,075
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	23,960	12,130	11,830
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,595	1,675	1,920
South Asian	1,525	760	770
Chinese	310	80	225
Black	155	85	70
Filipino	440	175	270
Arab	115	70	45
Latin American	350	155	190
Southeast Asian	110	60	50
West Asian	50	30	15
Korean	135	65	65
Japanese	290	145	145
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	10	15
Multiple visible minorities	95	35	60
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	20,360	10,455	9,905
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	23,955	12,130	11,830
Canadian	3,170	1,665	1,505
English	6,090	3,250	2,840
Irish	4,055	1,960	2,090
Scottish	4,970	2,495	2,480
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,170	1,130	1,040
German	3,115	1,475	1,635
Chinese	305	70	235
Italian	950	480	475
Indian (India)	850	415	440
Ukrainian	1,015	495	515
Dutch	1,155	555	595
Polish	985	470	515
Québécois	65	40	25
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,560	800	760
Filipino	425	160	265
French Canadian	260	130	130
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	545	290	255
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	595	310	280
Métis	305	135	170
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	985	495	490
Russian	520	255	265
Norwegian	770	380	390
Welsh	620	255	370
Portuguese	215	95	120
American	340	160	180
Spanish	250	130	115
Swedish	670	250	420
Hungarian	375	165	210
Acadian	90	35	55
Pakistani	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	50	50	0
Jewish	160	65	95
Punjabi	400	205	200
Vietnamese	55	35	20
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	55	35
Greek	80	45	40
Jamaican	50	20	35
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	40	50
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	130	35	100
Korean	145	75	70
Romanian	115	35	85
Lebanese	55	20	30
Iranian	35	25	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	15	10
Danish	365	210	160
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	115	60	55
Sikh	340	165	185
Austrian	270	135	140
Belgian	100	60	35
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	35	30	10
Mexican	185	80	105
Mennonite	155	95	60
Swiss	265	120	145
Finnish	190	95	95
Sri Lankan	25	15	10
Croatian	120	60	60
Japanese	280	135	145
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	95	40	55
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	15	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	230	75	155
Muslim	40	20	20
Egyptian	70	30	40
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	100	35	65
Colombian	60	30	25
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	275	140	145
Syrian	45	35	10
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0
Serbian	45	10	30
Ojibway	10	0	0
Newfoundlander	35	25	15
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	40	25	15
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	10	0
Turkish	40	15	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	65	25	40
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	65	35	30
Slovak	90	30	60
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90	25	70
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	10
Algonquin	15	15	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0
Lithuanian	45	20	25
South African	60	35	25
Australian	335	180	155
Palestinian	10	10	0
Chilean	80	30	50
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	15	0	15
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	25	15	10
Macedonian	10	10	0
Slovenian	35	0	25
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	35	30
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	10	0	0
Israeli	20	10	10
Mohawk	15	0	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	40	30	15
Bulgarian	30	15	15
Albertan	10	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	30	15	15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	20	15
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	0	10
Cuban	20	10	10
Bosnian	30	15	15
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	25	20	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	10	10	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	45	25	20
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	15	15
British Columbian	125	75	55
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	25	0	20
Estonian	30	20	10
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	25	15	15
Jatt	60	25	35
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	10
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	10	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	15	15	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0
New Zealander	110	75	35
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	15	15	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	10	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	15
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	30	20	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	15	10	0
Sicilian	10	10	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	10	0	10
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	25	10	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	23,960	12,125	11,830
Buddhist	60	25	35
Christian	5,155	2,320	2,835
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,200	555	640
Anabaptist	35	20	15
Anglican	610	230	375
Baptist	160	60	105
Catholic	1,815	925	895
Christian Orthodox	155	60	95
Jehovah's Witness	115	50	65
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	180	80	95
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	70	25	45
Presbyterian	75	25	55
Reformed	0	0	0
United Church	470	160	310
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	240	105	135
Hindu	90	55	45
Jewish	70	30	35
Muslim	160	90	70
Sikh	1,260	605	650
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	115	60	60
Other religions and spiritual traditions	260	90	170
No religion and secular perspectives	16,785	8,850	7,930
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	23,645	11,990	11,660
Non-movers	19,190	9,725	9,470
Movers	4,450	2,260	2,190
Non-migrants	2,015	1,060	955
Migrants	2,440	1,205	1,240
Internal migrants	2,205	1,080	1,120
Intraprovincial migrants	1,680	840	845
Interprovincial migrants	520	245	275
External migrants	235	120	115
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	22,460	11,380	11,080
Non-movers	10,735	5,445	5,295
Movers	11,720	5,935	5,790
Non-migrants	4,320	2,140	2,180
Migrants	7,400	3,795	3,610
Internal migrants	6,220	3,170	3,055
Intraprovincial migrants	4,505	2,335	2,170
Interprovincial migrants	1,710	830	885
External migrants	1,180	625	555
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,405	9,810	9,600
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,015	1,170	845
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,395	8,640	8,755
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,760	7,425	7,335
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	880	575	305
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	13,885	6,855	7,030
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,410	9,805	9,600
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,760	985	770
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,175	2,810	2,365
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,470	6,010	6,465
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,845	3,075	2,770
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,705	1,355	350
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	680	410	265
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,025	940	80
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,250	1,405	1,845
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	895	320	575
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,625	2,935	3,700
Bachelor's degree	4,365	2,045	2,325
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	485	145	340
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	50	75
Master's degree	1,450	590	855
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	200	105	105
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	14,765	7,430	7,330
No certificate, diploma or degree	695	450	245
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,400	1,900	1,500
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,665	5,080	5,590
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,715	2,520	2,200
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,360	1,085	275
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	550	335	215
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	815	750	60
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,620	1,155	1,470
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	735	280	455
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,945	2,560	3,385
Bachelor's degree	3,970	1,825	2,140
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	415	125	290
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	30	65
Master's degree	1,285	480	800
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	185	100	90
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,410	9,805	9,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,940	3,800	3,135
Education	735	175	565
13. Education	735	175	565
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	620	270	350
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	580	240	340
Humanities	575	225	350
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	30	55
23. English language and literature/letters	125	35	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220	90	130
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	10	15
54. History	50	35	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,605	560	1,045
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	10	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	250	75	175
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	160	15	145
22. Legal professions and studies	230	75	160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30
42. Psychology	240	45	195
45. Social sciences	675	330	340
Business, management and public administration	2,295	1,025	1,270
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	100	10	90
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,200	1,015	1,185
Physical and life sciences and technologies	745	315	435
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	305	100	205
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	40	110
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15
40. Physical sciences	275	175	100
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	435	285	150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	330	235	100
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	50	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,435	2,125	315
04. Architecture and related services	130	85	45
14. Engineering	675	510	165
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	335	300	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	670	645	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	430	410	15
48. Precision production	195	180	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	475	250	225
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	170	80	90
03. Natural resources and conservation	305	170	135
Health and related fields	1,905	395	1,505
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385	190	195
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,495	205	1,285
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25
Personal, protective and transportation services	635	380	260
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	340	150	195
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	125	95	30
49. Transportation and materials moving	170	135	40
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	14,760	7,430	7,335
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,100	2,350	1,745
Education	520	120	405
13. Education	520	120	405
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	585	250	330
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	30	10
50. Visual and performing arts	545	225	320
Humanities	495	190	305
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	25	50
23. English language and literature/letters	120	35	85
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	190	70	120
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	15	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0
54. History	45	30	15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,465	520	940
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	240	70	170
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	140	15	130
22. Legal professions and studies	190	60	125
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30
42. Psychology	225	45	180
45. Social sciences	610	310	300
Business, management and public administration	2,000	885	1,110
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	0	90
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,905	885	1,020
Physical and life sciences and technologies	660	270	390
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	280	95	190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	25	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10
40. Physical sciences	250	155	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	385	250	130
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	290	210	85
25. Library science	20	0	20
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,975	1,695	280
04. Architecture and related services	115	75	40
14. Engineering	610	455	155
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	240	205	35
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	550	535	15
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	315	295	15
48. Precision production	140	130	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	405	190	215
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	60	85
03. Natural resources and conservation	260	130	130
Health and related fields	1,625	355	1,270
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	180	175
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,245	175	1,070
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	555	345	215
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	315	150	160
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	115	90	25
49. Transportation and materials moving	130	100	30
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	14,760	7,430	7,335
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,100	2,350	1,745
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,665	5,075	5,585
Location of study inside Canada	8,230	3,845	4,390
Same as province or territory of residence	5,320	2,450	2,865
Different than province or territory of residence	2,910	1,395	1,520
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,430	1,235	1,200
Americas	565	235	325
United States of America	425	190	235
Mexico	60	20	40
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	25	10	25
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	15	25
Europe	1,020	545	475
Belgium	0	0	0
France	45	40	10
Germany	55	30	25
Netherlands	20	0	15
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	20	10	10
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	25	15	15
Ukraine	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	45	25	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	635	365	275
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	50	70
Africa	80	40	35
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	25
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0
Asia	445	190	250
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	45	15	30
Korea, South⁹²	30	20	15
Philippines	165	65	95
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	140	65	75
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	10	0
Oceania	325	210	115
Australia	250	175	80
New Zealand	70	35	35
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,410	9,805	9,600
In the labour force	14,825	7,830	7,000
Employed	13,815	7,260	6,550
Unemployed	1,010	565	450
Not in the labour force	4,580	1,975	2,605
Participation rate	76.4	79.9	72.9
Employment rate	71.2	74.0	68.2
Unemployment rate	6.8	7.2	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,410	9,805	9,600
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,575	1,970	2,605
Worked	14,840	7,835	6,995
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,010	4,650	3,360
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,820	3,185	3,635
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.9	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	14,830	7,830	7,000
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	70	80
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	14,680	7,760	6,925
Employee	11,645	6,015	5,635
Permanent position	9,975	5,235	4,735
Temporary position	1,670	775	895
Fixed term (1 year or more)	510	240	275
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,155	535	620
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,040	1,750	1,290
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	14,830	7,830	7,000
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	70	80
All occupations¹⁹¹	14,680	7,760	6,925
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	260	215	50
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,215	630	1,585
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,305	920	385
3 Health occupations	1,160	205	950
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,570	515	1,060
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	845	410	430
6 Sales and service occupations	3,775	1,695	2,075
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,910	2,685	230
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	330	230	100
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	310	255	50
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	14,830	7,830	7,000
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	145	70	80
All industries¹⁹¹	14,680	7,760	6,925
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	195	135	60
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	115	95	15
22 Utilities	95	65	35
23 Construction	1,770	1,600	170
31-33 Manufacturing	455	310	140
41 Wholesale trade	210	125	90
44-45 Retail trade	1,735	925	815
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	605	425	185
51 Information and cultural industries	445	270	175
52 Finance and insurance	320	150	170
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	385	170	215
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,775	925	855
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	650	360	295
61 Educational services	905	365	540
62 Health care and social assistance	1,710	260	1,445
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	480	275	205
72 Accommodation and food services	1,400	675	720
81 Other services (except public administration)	590	235	350
91 Public administration	810	380	425
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	15,720	8,235	7,485
English	15,075	7,960	7,115
French	40	0	40
Non-official language	35	10	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	35	10	25
English and French	250	95	160
English and non-official language(s)	305	160	145
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	15,720	8,235	7,485
Single responses	15,690	8,220	7,465
Official languages	15,600	8,175	7,430
English	15,530	8,160	7,370
French	70	10	65
Non-official languages	85	50	35
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	50	35
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	15	25
Indo-Aryan languages	40	15	25
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	15	25
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	15	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	15	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	10	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	15	20
English and French	20	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	15,720	8,235	7,485
None	15,190	7,990	7,200
English	80	40	35
French	205	80	125
Non-official language	225	105	120
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	215	105	115
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	13,815	7,265	6,555
Worked at home	3,750	1,795	1,960
Worked outside Canada	45	20	20
No fixed workplace address	2,285	1,725	565
Usual place of work	7,735	3,730	4,005
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,735	3,730	4,005
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,905	2,165	2,740
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,095	545	545
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,670	960	710
Commute to a different province or territory	65	50	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,015	5,450	4,570
Car, truck or van	8,540	4,745	3,795
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,865	4,445	3,420
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	675	300	375
Public transit	190	70	120
Walked	545	240	305
Bicycle	440	265	175
Other method	305	135	175
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,015	5,450	4,570
Less than 15 minutes	4,775	2,255	2,515
15 to 29 minutes	1,790	920	870
30 to 44 minutes	780	500	280
45 to 59 minutes	1,335	855	480
60 minutes and over	1,340	915	425
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,015	5,450	4,570
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	635	485	150
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,725	1,105	625
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,605	1,550	1,060
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,380	1,000	1,380
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,490	595	895
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,180	720	460
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,275	2,715	2,560
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	600	320	280
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,675	2,400	2,285
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,680	1,895	1,785
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	410	215	195
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	230	130	100
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	180	85	95
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,270	1,685	1,585

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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