Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. Albert, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	68,232	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	65,589	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	27,019	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	25,938	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,426.4	...	...	1,426.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	47.84	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	68,235	33,240	34,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,270	6,320	5,955	18.0	19.0	17.0
0 to 4 years	3,255	1,655	1,605	4.8	5.0	4.6
5 to 9 years	4,360	2,255	2,105	6.4	6.8	6.0
10 to 14 years	4,655	2,410	2,245	6.8	7.3	6.4
15 to 64 years	42,735	20,950	21,785	62.6	63.0	62.3
15 to 19 years	4,335	2,290	2,045	6.4	6.9	5.8
20 to 24 years	3,690	1,940	1,755	5.4	5.8	5.0
25 to 29 years	3,200	1,670	1,530	4.7	5.0	4.4
30 to 34 years	3,655	1,730	1,925	5.4	5.2	5.5
35 to 39 years	4,640	2,235	2,405	6.8	6.7	6.9
40 to 44 years	4,635	2,185	2,450	6.8	6.6	7.0
45 to 49 years	4,560	2,195	2,365	6.7	6.6	6.8
50 to 54 years	4,480	2,145	2,330	6.6	6.5	6.7
55 to 59 years	4,805	2,310	2,495	7.0	6.9	7.1
60 to 64 years	4,730	2,250	2,480	6.9	6.8	7.1
65 years and over	13,225	5,970	7,250	19.4	18.0	20.7
65 to 69 years	4,070	1,905	2,165	6.0	5.7	6.2
70 to 74 years	3,460	1,580	1,880	5.1	4.8	5.4
75 to 79 years	2,345	1,095	1,250	3.4	3.3	3.6
80 to 84 years	1,625	810	820	2.4	2.4	2.3
85 years and over	1,720	580	1,140	2.5	1.7	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,185	435	750	1.7	1.3	2.1
90 to 94 years	405	115	290	0.6	0.3	0.8
95 to 99 years	115	25	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	19.0	17.0	18.0	19.0	17.0
15 to 64 years	62.6	63.0	62.3	62.6	63.0	62.3
65 years and over	19.4	18.0	20.7	19.4	18.0	20.7
85 years and over	2.5	1.7	3.3	2.5	1.7	3.3
Average age of the population	41.8	40.6	43.0	41.8	40.6	43.0
Median age of the population	42.4	40.8	44.0	42.4	40.8	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,260	...	...	70.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,810	...	...	7.0	...	...
Row house	1,865	...	...	7.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	180	...	...	0.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,465	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	290	...	...	1.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,545	...	...	21.4	...	...
2 persons	9,520	...	...	36.7	...	...
3 persons	4,195	...	...	16.2	...	...
4 persons	4,485	...	...	17.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,195	...	...	8.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	66,945	32,775	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	55,960	26,920	29,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	34,715	17,305	17,415	62.0	64.3	60.0
Married	30,310	15,105	15,210	54.2	56.1	52.4
Living common-law	4,400	2,205	2,200	7.9	8.2	7.6
Living common law - Never married	2,995	1,515	1,480	5.4	5.6	5.1
Living common law - Separated	190	105	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,120	535	580	2.0	2.0	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	21,245	9,620	11,625	38.0	35.7	40.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	13,215	7,180	6,035	23.6	26.7	20.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,320	500	820	2.4	1.9	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,560	1,260	2,295	6.4	4.7	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,150	680	2,475	5.6	2.5	8.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	19,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,765	...	...	48.9	...	...
3 persons	4,050	...	...	20.3	...	...
4 persons	4,340	...	...	21.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,795	...	...	9.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	19,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	17,115	...	...	85.7	...	...
Married couples	14,915	...	...	74.7	...	...
With children⁶	8,045	...	...	40.3	...	...
Without children	6,870	...	...	34.4	...	...
Common-law couples	2,205	...	...	11.0	...	...
With children⁶	890	...	...	4.5	...	...
Without children	1,310	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,840	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,190	...	...	11.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	650	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	66,945	32,775	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	58,545	29,155	29,390	87.5	89.0	86.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	34,230	17,090	17,140	51.1	52.1	50.2
Parents in one-parent families	2,840	650	2,195	4.2	2.0	6.4
Children⁶	21,475	11,420	10,055	32.1	34.8	29.4
In a two-parent family	16,995	9,015	7,980	25.4	27.5	23.4
In a one-parent family	4,475	2,400	2,075	6.7	7.3	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,400	3,620	4,780	12.5	11.0	14.0
Living alone	5,545	2,170	3,375	8.3	6.6	9.9
Living with other relatives⁷	1,100	460	645	1.6	1.4	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	1,750	985	765	2.6	3.0	2.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	25,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	18,360	...	...	70.8	...	...
Couple-family households	16,040	...	...	61.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,405	...	...	32.4	...	...
Without children	7,630	...	...	29.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,320	...	...	8.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	460	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	715	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	755	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	5,545	...	...	21.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	54,675	26,460	28,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,190	25,230	26,955	95.5	95.4	95.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,400	68,000	44,800	54,400	68,000	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,255	25,270	26,990	95.6	95.5	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	58,000	40,000	47,600	58,000	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,110	24,080	25,035	89.8	91.0	88.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	63,200	36,800	48,000	63,200	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	38,875	19,785	19,095	71.1	74.8	67.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	66,000	40,800	51,600	66,000	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,755	21,075	23,680	81.9	79.6	83.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,100	5,760	9,500	8,100	5,760	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,730	2,190	2,530	8.7	8.3	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,720	5,560	5,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,565	5,660	6,900	23.0	21.4	24.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	54,670	26,460	28,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,215	25,240	26,970	95.5	95.4	95.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,800	83,900	54,700	68,800	83,900	54,700
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,305	25,295	27,015	95.7	95.6	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,200	67,000	46,080	56,200	67,000	46,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,075	24,015	25,060	89.8	90.8	88.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,100	80,200	48,600	64,100	80,200	48,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	38,880	19,760	19,120	71.1	74.7	67.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,900	77,500	49,880	63,900	77,500	49,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,645	20,955	23,700	81.7	79.2	84.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,060	9,160	10,860	10,060	9,160	10,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,820	2,290	2,530	8.8	8.7	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,130	6,820	7,410	7,130	6,820	7,410
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,510	5,700	6,810	22.9	21.5	24.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,690	8,470	8,870	8,690	8,470	8,870
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	54,675	26,460	28,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,270	10,860	8,410	35.2	41.0	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	85,000	95,000	72,500	85,000	95,000	72,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	95,800	108,000	80,000	95,800	108,000	80,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,030	6,590	8,435	27.5	24.9	29.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	23,600	18,600	20,600	23,600	18,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,040	44,480	27,640	35,040	44,480	27,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.4	91.0	82.6	87.4	91.0	82.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2	72.2	64.6	69.2	72.2	64.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.5	9.1	17.4	12.5	9.1	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.4	2.5	4.8	3.4	2.5	4.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.0	2.3	4.1	3.0	2.3	4.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	54,675	26,460	28,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,485	1,225	1,255	4.5	4.6	4.4
With total income	52,190	25,235	26,960	95.5	95.4	95.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,860	1,540	2,320	7.4	6.1	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	4,295	1,555	2,735	8.2	6.2	10.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,215	2,375	3,840	11.9	9.4	14.2
$30,000 to $39,999	5,045	1,865	3,180	9.7	7.4	11.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,750	1,870	2,875	9.1	7.4	10.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,390	1,885	2,510	8.4	7.5	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,005	1,890	2,120	7.7	7.5	7.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,480	1,855	1,630	6.7	7.4	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,830	1,560	1,270	5.4	6.2	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,760	1,520	1,240	5.3	6.0	4.6
$100,000 and over	10,560	7,330	3,235	20.2	29.0	12.0
$100,000 to $149,999	6,880	4,415	2,460	13.2	17.5	9.1
$150,000 and over	3,685	2,910	770	7.1	11.5	2.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	54,675	26,460	28,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,415	1,190	1,225	4.4	4.5	4.3
With after-tax income	52,260	25,265	26,990	95.6	95.5	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,210	1,635	2,570	8.1	6.5	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	4,530	1,645	2,890	8.7	6.5	10.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,960	2,665	4,300	13.3	10.5	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,125	2,370	3,760	11.7	9.4	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,755	2,345	3,410	11.0	9.3	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	5,220	2,495	2,725	10.0	9.9	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,455	2,385	2,070	8.5	9.4	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,665	2,030	1,640	7.0	8.0	6.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,105	1,725	1,380	5.9	6.8	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,255	1,445	810	4.3	5.7	3.0
$100,000 and over	5,965	4,530	1,435	11.4	17.9	5.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,905	2,100	805	5.6	8.3	3.0
$125,000 and over	3,065	2,430	635	5.9	9.6	2.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	54,675	26,460	28,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	15,795	6,675	9,115	28.9	25.2	32.3
With employment income	38,880	19,785	19,095	71.1	74.8	67.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,820	2,255	2,560	12.4	11.4	13.4
$5,000 to $9,999	2,605	1,090	1,515	6.7	5.5	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	3,710	1,560	2,155	9.5	7.9	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,805	1,135	1,675	7.2	5.7	8.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,535	1,030	1,500	6.5	5.2	7.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,550	1,105	1,445	6.6	5.6	7.6
$50,000 to $59,999	2,545	985	1,560	6.5	5.0	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	2,550	1,185	1,370	6.6	6.0	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,275	1,225	1,050	5.9	6.2	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,970	1,100	865	5.1	5.6	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,275	1,200	1,075	5.9	6.1	5.6
$100,000 and over	8,230	5,915	2,315	21.2	29.9	12.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,675	2,290	1,385	9.5	11.6	7.3
$125,000 and over	4,555	3,625	930	11.7	18.3	4.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	54,675	26,460	28,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,215	24,690	26,525	93.7	93.3	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,200	70,500	44,400	55,200	70,500	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	51,260	24,695	26,560	93.8	93.3	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	59,600	39,600	48,000	59,600	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,575	23,760	24,815	88.8	89.8	87.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	67,500	39,600	51,600	67,500	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,385	19,940	19,450	72.0	75.4	68.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,000	70,000	43,200	54,000	70,000	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	42,375	20,250	22,120	77.5	76.5	78.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,220	1,010	4,800	2,220	1,010	4,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,430	1,560	1,870	6.3	5.9	6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	5,280	6,900	6,080	5,280	6,900
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	54,670	26,460	28,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,065	24,630	26,440	93.4	93.1	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	70,400	87,600	54,450	70,400	87,600	54,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,115	24,635	26,475	93.5	93.1	93.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,900	69,100	45,600	56,900	69,100	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,415	23,630	24,790	88.6	89.3	87.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	68,000	85,900	50,960	68,000	85,900	50,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,285	19,830	19,455	71.9	74.9	69.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	67,100	81,700	52,150	67,100	81,700	52,150
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,075	20,010	22,065	77.0	75.6	78.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,240	6,410	8,000	7,240	6,410	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,345	1,555	1,795	6.1	5.9	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,250	7,430	8,960	8,250	7,430	8,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	54,675	26,460	28,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	19,265	10,815	8,450	35.2	40.9	29.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	83,000	95,000	70,500	83,000	95,000	70,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	94,600	108,200	77,100	94,600	108,200	77,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	14,255	6,210	8,040	26.1	23.5	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,200	36,000	27,200	30,200	36,000	27,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	44,920	57,100	35,480	44,920	57,100	35,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.6	94.0	87.8	91.6	94.0	87.8
Employment income (%)	73.2	75.2	70.4	73.2	75.2	70.4
Government transfers (%)	8.5	5.9	12.3	8.5	5.9	12.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.1	0.8	0.5	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	25,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	56,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,395	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	25,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	113,300	...	...	113,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,395	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	158,200	...	...	158,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	75	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	175	...	...	0.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	415	...	...	1.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	540	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	410	...	...	1.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	490	...	...	1.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	625	...	...	2.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	625	...	...	2.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,335	...	...	5.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,355	...	...	5.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,420	...	...	5.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,435	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,445	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,360	...	...	59.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,370	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,795	...	...	10.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,200	...	...	16.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,995	...	...	19.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	165	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	195	...	...	0.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	455	...	...	1.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	580	...	...	2.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	505	...	...	1.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	625	...	...	2.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	780	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	825	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,590	...	...	6.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,710	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,760	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,865	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,740	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,955	...	...	50.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,815	...	...	14.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,960	...	...	11.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,185	...	...	23.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	19,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,760	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,295	3,160	4,135	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,200	60,400	49,200	53,200	60,400	49,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	51,200	43,200	46,400	51,200	43,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	19,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	157,800	...	...	157,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	141,600	...	...	141,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	115,200	...	...	115,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	190,600	...	...	190,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,200	...	...	154,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,300	...	...	84,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,295	3,145	4,150	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,700	67,900	58,750	62,700	67,900	58,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,400	55,900	49,760	52,400	55,900	49,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	66,940	32,775	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,975	7,745	7,225	22.4	23.6	21.1
0 to 5 years	4,085	2,085	2,000	6.1	6.4	5.9
18 to 64 years	39,960	19,475	20,485	59.7	59.4	60.0
65 years and over	12,005	5,555	6,455	17.9	16.9	18.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,275	1,415	1,860	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	905	470	440	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	270	135	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,785	780	1,010	...	...	...
65 years and over	585	170	415	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	4.9	4.3	5.5	4.9	4.3	5.5
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.0	6.1
0 to 5 years (%)	6.6	6.5	6.7	6.6	6.5	6.7
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	4.0	4.9	4.5	4.0	4.9
65 years and over (%)	4.9	3.0	6.4	4.9	3.0	6.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	66,945	32,780	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,975	7,750	7,230	22.4	23.6	21.2
0 to 5 years	4,090	2,090	2,000	6.1	6.4	5.9
18 to 64 years	39,960	19,475	20,485	59.7	59.4	60.0
65 years and over	12,010	5,555	6,450	17.9	16.9	18.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,005	920	1,085	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	510	260	250	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	140	70	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,280	595	685	...	...	...
65 years and over	220	65	150	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	2.8	3.2	3.0	2.8	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.2	2.4	1.8	1.2	2.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	66,945	32,775	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	20,510	9,385	11,130	30.6	28.6	32.6
In bottom decile	2,945	1,345	1,605	4.4	4.1	4.7
In second decile	3,355	1,450	1,910	5.0	4.4	5.6
In third decile	4,065	1,845	2,215	6.1	5.6	6.5
In fourth decile	4,650	2,165	2,490	6.9	6.6	7.3
In fifth decile	5,490	2,580	2,915	8.2	7.9	8.5
In top half of the distribution	46,435	23,395	23,035	69.4	71.4	67.4
In sixth decile	6,235	3,080	3,155	9.3	9.4	9.2
In seventh decile	7,385	3,675	3,715	11.0	11.2	10.9
In eighth decile	8,935	4,455	4,485	13.3	13.6	13.1
In ninth decile	10,930	5,505	5,420	16.3	16.8	15.9
In top decile	12,940	6,685	6,260	19.3	20.4	18.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	66,945	...	...	66,945	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.381	...	...	0.381	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	67,505	33,075	34,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	60,210	29,800	30,405	89.2	90.1	88.3
French only	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	7,135	3,210	3,930	10.6	9.7	11.4
Neither English nor French	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	67,505	33,075	34,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	65,505	32,150	33,355	97.0	97.2	96.9
French	1,655	775	880	2.5	2.3	2.6
English and French	225	95	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	67,505	33,075	34,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,025	32,425	33,600	97.8	98.0	97.6
Official languages	59,835	29,575	30,260	88.6	89.4	87.9
English	58,070	28,740	29,330	86.0	86.9	85.2
French	1,765	830	930	2.6	2.5	2.7
Non-official languages	6,195	2,855	3,340	9.2	8.6	9.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,150	2,835	3,320	9.1	8.6	9.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	210	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	400	200	195	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	370	185	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,185	510	670	1.8	1.5	1.9
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,015	430	585	1.5	1.3	1.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,650	1,725	1,925	5.4	5.2	5.6
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,150	535	615	1.7	1.6	1.8
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,130	525	605	1.7	1.6	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	260	120	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	195	90	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	410	190	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	950	435	515	1.4	1.3	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	520	230	295	0.8	0.7	0.9
German	515	225	290	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	350	165	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	270	125	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	480	230	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	395	190	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	105	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kacchi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,005	495	510	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	130	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	185	85	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	115	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	480	220	260	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	410	185	230	0.6	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	405	175	225	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	235	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,475	650	830	2.2	2.0	2.4
English and French	465	200	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	895	395	500	1.3	1.2	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	67,505	33,075	34,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,365	29,795	30,575	89.4	90.1	88.8
French	340	160	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	1,010	475	535	1.5	1.4	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,005	470	535	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	1,155	525	630	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	4,355	2,000	2,355	6.5	6.0	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	195	85	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	67,505	33,075	34,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	66,400	32,570	33,825	98.4	98.5	98.2
Official languages	64,050	31,440	32,610	94.9	95.1	94.7
English	63,535	31,195	32,345	94.1	94.3	93.9
French	520	250	270	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	2,345	1,130	1,215	3.5	3.4	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,335	1,130	1,210	3.5	3.4	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	170	95	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	160	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	145	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	715	355	360	1.1	1.1	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	625	305	320	0.9	0.9	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,050	490	565	1.6	1.5	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	330	160	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	325	155	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
German	30	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	265	115	150	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	215	90	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	345	160	190	0.5	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	225	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	65	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,110	505	605	1.6	1.5	1.8
English and French	200	80	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	885	420	465	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	67,505	33,075	34,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	62,710	30,885	31,820	92.9	93.4	92.4
English	1,250	615	640	1.9	1.9	1.9
French	825	375	455	1.2	1.1	1.3
Non-official language	2,255	990	1,265	3.3	3.0	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,235	975	1,255	3.3	2.9	3.6
English and French	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	66,945	32,780	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	66,870	32,765	34,100	99.9	100.0	99.8
English	66,850	32,760	34,090	99.9	99.9	99.8
French	7,115	3,160	3,950	10.6	9.6	11.6
Non-official languages	8,930	4,110	4,815	13.3	12.5	14.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,860	4,080	4,785	13.2	12.4	14.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	800	385	405	1.2	1.2	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	725	345	380	1.1	1.1	1.1
Amharic	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	685	320	365	1.0	1.0	1.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,630	730	905	2.4	2.2	2.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,580	700	880	2.4	2.1	2.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,230	2,480	2,750	7.8	7.6	8.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,250	560	690	1.9	1.7	2.0
Baltic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,235	560	675	1.8	1.7	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	330	160	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	360	140	220	0.5	0.4	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	465	220	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,510	705	810	2.3	2.2	2.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	945	440	510	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	945	440	505	1.4	1.3	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	535	240	295	0.8	0.7	0.9
Afrikaans	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	360	160	200	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	695	345	345	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	585	305	280	0.9	0.9	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	290	160	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	40	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dari	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,900	930	965	2.8	2.8	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	480	265	215	0.7	0.8	0.6
Portuguese	265	135	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	1,185	560	625	1.8	1.7	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	80	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	450	170	280	0.7	0.5	0.8
Chinese languages	450	170	280	0.7	0.5	0.8
Hakka	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	205	70	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	260	110	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lao	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	66,945	32,780	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,685	1,725	1,955	5.5	5.3	5.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,610	1,690	1,915	5.4	5.2	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,000	460	540	1.5	1.4	1.6
Métis	2,565	1,200	1,365	3.8	3.7	4.0
Inuk (Inuit)	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	63,260	31,050	32,210	94.5	94.7	94.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	66,945	32,780	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	785	335	445	1.2	1.0	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	66,160	32,440	33,720	98.8	99.0	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,505	...	...	82.9	...	...
Renter	4,430	...	...	17.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,835	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not condominium	21,100	...	...	81.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,050	...	...	4.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,500	...	...	17.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,885	...	...	34.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,445	...	...	44.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,830	...	...	14.8	...	...
5 rooms	2,930	...	...	11.3	...	...
6 rooms	3,385	...	...	13.1	...	...
7 rooms	3,860	...	...	14.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,930	...	...	46.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	25,715	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	220	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,450	...	...	98.1	...	...
Not suitable	490	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	730	...	...	2.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,345	...	...	32.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,910	...	...	15.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,760	...	...	18.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,180	...	...	8.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,920	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,825	...	...	7.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,265	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	24,760	...	...	95.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,175	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	11,490	...	...	44.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	13,550	...	...	52.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	900	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	355	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,780	...	...	10.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,875	...	...	18.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,105	...	...	19.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,320	...	...	20.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,530	...	...	17.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,285	...	...	8.8	...	...
85 years and over	695	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	25,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,280	...	...	82.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,615	...	...	17.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,215	...	...	16.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	25,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,905	...	...	22.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,265	...	...	16.4	...	...
Not suitable only	390	...	...	1.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	890	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	85	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	270	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,030	...	...	77.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	25,500	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,615	...	...	6.3	...	...
Not in core need	23,885	...	...	93.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.8	...	...	59.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,750	...	...	1,750	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	424,000	...	...	424,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	455,200	...	...	455,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	4,430	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.8	...	...	38.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.5	...	...	18.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,490	...	...	1,490	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,586	...	...	1,586	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	66,940	32,780	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	805	370	430	1.2	1.1	1.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	760	350	415	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	465	210	250	0.7	0.6	0.7
Métis single ancestry	290	130	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,700	1,700	2,005	5.5	5.2	5.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,520	1,620	1,905	5.3	4.9	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,590	660	930	2.4	2.0	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,905	940	965	2.8	2.9	2.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	175	75	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	160	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	62,440	30,710	31,730	93.3	93.7	92.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	66,945	32,775	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	64,255	31,530	32,730	96.0	96.2	95.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,575	7,525	7,050	21.8	23.0	20.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	49,675	24,005	25,675	74.2	73.2	75.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,685	1,250	1,440	4.0	3.8	4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	66,945	32,775	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	58,235	28,675	29,560	87.0	87.5	86.5
Immigrants⁸¹	8,375	3,940	4,430	12.5	12.0	13.0
Before 1980	2,510	1,195	1,310	3.7	3.6	3.8
1980 to 1990	855	390	465	1.3	1.2	1.4
1991 to 2000	835	360	475	1.2	1.1	1.4
2001 to 2010	1,440	645	795	2.2	2.0	2.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,740	1,350	1,385	4.1	4.1	4.1
2011 to 2015	1,460	730	725	2.2	2.2	2.1
2016 to 2021	1,280	620	655	1.9	1.9	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	335	160	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,370	3,945	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	880	455	425	10.5	11.5	9.6
5 to 14 years	1,735	905	825	20.7	22.9	18.6
15 to 24 years	1,595	720	870	19.1	18.3	19.6
25 to 44 years	3,575	1,610	1,965	42.7	40.8	44.4
45 years and over	595	250	350	7.1	6.3	7.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,370	3,945	4,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,105	480	620	13.2	12.2	14.0
Brazil	55	20	30	0.7	0.5	0.7
Colombia	70	35	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
El Salvador	25	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Guyana	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	30	65	1.1	0.8	1.5
Mexico	75	30	40	0.9	0.8	0.9
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.8
United States of America	420	195	225	5.0	4.9	5.1
Other places of birth in Americas	260	110	155	3.1	2.8	3.5
Europe	3,410	1,670	1,735	40.7	42.3	39.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Croatia	50	35	15	0.6	0.9	0.3
France	65	30	40	0.8	0.8	0.9
Germany	330	165	165	3.9	4.2	3.7
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	75	30	45	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italy	135	105	35	1.6	2.7	0.8
Netherlands	270	145	125	3.2	3.7	2.8
Poland	180	90	90	2.2	2.3	2.0
Portugal	65	20	40	0.8	0.5	0.9
Romania	75	45	30	0.9	1.1	0.7
Russian Federation	55	10	45	0.7	0.3	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	130	55	75	1.6	1.4	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,460	715	745	17.4	18.1	16.8
Other places of birth in Europe	465	205	265	5.6	5.2	6.0
Africa	660	325	340	7.9	8.2	7.7
Algeria	25	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Egypt	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	100	70	30	1.2	1.8	0.7
Somalia	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	220	115	100	2.6	2.9	2.3
Other places of birth in Africa	190	80	115	2.3	2.0	2.6
Asia	3,055	1,365	1,690	36.5	34.6	38.1
Afghanistan	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	70	35	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Iraq	115	55	60	1.4	1.4	1.4
Lebanon	50	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	70	40	25	0.8	1.0	0.6
Turkey	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	145	50	95	1.7	1.3	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	60	65	1.4	1.5	1.5
Korea, South⁹²	85	40	40	1.0	1.0	0.9
Taiwan	20	10	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Philippines	1,555	690	865	18.6	17.5	19.5
Viet Nam	45	10	40	0.5	0.3	0.9
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
India	295	155	140	3.5	3.9	3.2
Pakistan	45	15	30	0.5	0.4	0.7
Sri Lanka	60	25	35	0.7	0.6	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	300	120	180	3.6	3.0	4.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	140	100	45	1.7	2.5	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,275	620	655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	175	80	95	13.7	12.9	14.5
Brazil	20	10	15	1.6	1.6	2.3
Colombia	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
United States of America	65	40	30	5.1	6.5	4.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	10	30	3.1	1.6	4.6
Europe	180	95	90	14.1	15.3	13.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.3
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	1.2	1.6	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	15	15	2.4	2.4	2.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	10	15	2.0	1.6	2.3
Other places of birth in Europe	85	50	40	6.7	8.1	6.1
Africa	110	65	40	8.6	10.5	6.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	55	45	15	4.3	7.3	2.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	25	10	2.7	4.0	1.5
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.3
Asia	805	375	425	63.1	60.5	64.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	70	40	35	5.5	6.5	5.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	625	285	335	49.0	46.0	51.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	25	10	3.1	4.0	1.5
Turkey	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	10	10	2.0	1.6	1.5
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	1.2	1.6	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	66,945	32,780	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,270	4,370	4,895	13.8	13.3	14.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,805	5,975	5,835	17.6	18.2	17.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	45,870	22,435	23,435	68.5	68.4	68.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,870	2,750	3,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,655	1,795	1,860	62.3	65.3	59.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,350	745	605	23.0	27.1	19.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,305	1,050	1,255	39.3	38.2	40.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,595	625	970	27.2	22.7	31.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	555	305	245	9.5	11.1	7.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	65	20	45	1.1	0.7	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,870	2,750	3,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	220	110	110	3.7	4.0	3.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,395	660	735	23.8	24.0	23.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	270	130	145	4.6	4.7	4.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	205	85	120	3.5	3.1	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,765	1,760	2,000	64.1	64.0	64.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	66,945	32,780	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,420	3,640	3,780	11.1	11.1	11.1
South Asian	1,170	590	580	1.7	1.8	1.7
Chinese	880	425	455	1.3	1.3	1.3
Black	1,035	560	475	1.5	1.7	1.4
Filipino	2,075	965	1,110	3.1	2.9	3.2
Arab	645	305	340	1.0	0.9	1.0
Latin American	605	275	330	0.9	0.8	1.0
Southeast Asian	260	135	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	130	45	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	120	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	260	135	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	59,520	29,140	30,380	88.9	88.9	88.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	66,945	32,775	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,610	4,420	4,190	12.9	13.5	12.3
English	16,305	7,920	8,385	24.4	24.2	24.5
Irish	12,445	5,925	6,520	18.6	18.1	19.1
Scottish	13,275	6,365	6,910	19.8	19.4	20.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,975	4,430	4,545	13.4	13.5	13.3
German	12,565	6,175	6,390	18.8	18.8	18.7
Chinese	1,045	515	530	1.6	1.6	1.6
Italian	2,440	1,290	1,155	3.6	3.9	3.4
Indian (India)	695	370	320	1.0	1.1	0.9
Ukrainian	10,345	5,000	5,350	15.5	15.3	15.7
Dutch	3,805	1,895	1,905	5.7	5.8	5.6
Polish	4,545	2,040	2,500	6.8	6.2	7.3
Québécois	140	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,845	1,450	1,395	4.2	4.4	4.1
Filipino	2,040	945	1,095	3.0	2.9	3.2
French Canadian	980	495	485	1.5	1.5	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	910	420	485	1.4	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	875	400	475	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	2,385	1,150	1,230	3.6	3.5	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,040	455	585	1.6	1.4	1.7
Russian	1,835	890	945	2.7	2.7	2.8
Norwegian	3,115	1,535	1,580	4.7	4.7	4.6
Welsh	1,810	830	980	2.7	2.5	2.9
Portuguese	465	265	200	0.7	0.8	0.6
American	1,490	785	705	2.2	2.4	2.1
Spanish	600	270	330	0.9	0.8	1.0
Swedish	1,800	795	1,015	2.7	2.4	3.0
Hungarian	940	445	500	1.4	1.4	1.5
Acadian	230	140	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pakistani	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	295	125	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jewish	255	110	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	90	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	275	135	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	245	110	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	200	95	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	130	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	690	265	430	1.0	0.8	1.3
Korean	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	635	270	375	0.9	0.8	1.1
Lebanese	235	90	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iranian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	200	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	980	490	490	1.5	1.5	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	260	115	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,070	555	515	1.6	1.7	1.5
Belgian	590	250	340	0.9	0.8	1.0
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	180	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	125	40	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swiss	280	90	200	0.4	0.3	0.6
Finnish	260	105	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Sri Lankan	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	350	195	155	0.5	0.6	0.5
Japanese	150	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	640	330	305	1.0	1.0	0.9
Muslim	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	130	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	70	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	585	285	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Colombian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	385	200	185	0.6	0.6	0.5
Syrian	105	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	100	50	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	130	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	265	125	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	180	65	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Salvadorean	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	175	75	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australian	160	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	145	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	445	225	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ghanaian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	100	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	50	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indonesian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern Irish	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	65	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	66,945	32,780	34,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	37,100	17,290	19,810	55.4	52.7	58.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,575	2,695	2,880	8.3	8.2	8.4
Anabaptist	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,015	940	1,075	3.0	2.9	3.1
Baptist	735	340	400	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	18,705	8,865	9,840	27.9	27.0	28.8
Christian Orthodox	910	395	510	1.4	1.2	1.5
Jehovah's Witness	170	70	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	470	230	240	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lutheran	1,455	630	825	2.2	1.9	2.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	805	380	425	1.2	1.2	1.2
Presbyterian	325	135	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Reformed	385	200	185	0.6	0.6	0.5
United Church	3,200	1,355	1,840	4.8	4.1	5.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,190	980	1,215	3.3	3.0	3.6
Hindu	280	145	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Muslim	1,040	520	520	1.6	1.6	1.5
Sikh	180	115	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	360	150	210	0.5	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	27,640	14,410	13,230	41.3	44.0	38.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	66,405	32,450	33,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,510	29,075	30,440	89.6	89.6	89.6
Movers	6,895	3,375	3,520	10.4	10.4	10.4
Non-migrants	3,550	1,720	1,830	5.3	5.3	5.4
Migrants	3,345	1,655	1,690	5.0	5.1	5.0
Internal migrants	3,205	1,585	1,620	4.8	4.9	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,575	1,275	1,300	3.9	3.9	3.8
Interprovincial migrants	630	310	320	0.9	1.0	0.9
External migrants	135	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	63,690	31,055	32,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	40,525	19,760	20,760	63.6	63.6	63.6
Movers	23,165	11,300	11,870	36.4	36.4	36.4
Non-migrants	9,275	4,420	4,855	14.6	14.2	14.9
Migrants	13,885	6,875	7,010	21.8	22.1	21.5
Internal migrants	12,945	6,370	6,570	20.3	20.5	20.1
Intraprovincial migrants	10,730	5,295	5,435	16.8	17.1	16.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,215	1,075	1,140	3.5	3.5	3.5
External migrants	945	505	440	1.5	1.6	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,670	26,460	28,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,845	3,835	3,010	12.5	14.5	10.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,830	22,625	25,200	87.5	85.5	89.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,640	16,770	17,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,300	1,435	865	6.6	8.6	4.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	32,340	15,335	17,005	93.4	91.4	95.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,675	26,460	28,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,875	3,185	2,690	10.7	12.0	9.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,470	7,450	8,015	28.3	28.2	28.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,330	15,820	17,510	61.0	59.8	62.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,705	9,530	9,175	34.2	36.0	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,870	3,950	920	8.9	14.9	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,250	715	535	2.3	2.7	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,620	3,235	390	6.6	12.2	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,830	4,850	6,980	21.6	18.3	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,005	735	1,270	3.7	2.8	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,620	6,290	8,330	26.7	23.8	29.5
Bachelor's degree	10,495	4,370	6,130	19.2	16.5	21.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	765	260	500	1.4	1.0	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	320	150	165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	2,665	1,285	1,380	4.9	4.9	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	225	155	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	34,640	16,770	17,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,750	1,065	680	5.1	6.4	3.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,095	4,010	4,085	23.4	23.9	22.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,800	11,690	13,110	71.6	69.7	73.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,700	7,075	6,625	39.5	42.2	37.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,530	2,905	620	10.2	17.3	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	875	555	320	2.5	3.3	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,650	2,355	295	7.7	14.0	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,735	3,645	5,095	25.2	21.7	28.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,445	530	920	4.2	3.2	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,095	4,615	6,480	32.0	27.5	36.3
Bachelor's degree	8,000	3,240	4,765	23.1	19.3	26.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	535	165	375	1.5	1.0	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	100	135	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	2,030	940	1,095	5.9	5.6	6.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	285	165	115	0.8	1.0	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,675	26,460	28,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,345	10,640	10,705	39.0	40.2	37.9
Education	3,295	845	2,450	6.0	3.2	8.7
13. Education	3,295	845	2,450	6.0	3.2	8.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825	285	540	1.5	1.1	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	60	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	740	220	515	1.4	0.8	1.8
Humanities	1,190	460	730	2.2	1.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	115	15	100	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	270	90	180	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	340	115	220	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	40	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	135	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,270	1,140	2,135	6.0	4.3	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	370	155	210	0.7	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	460	20	440	0.8	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	605	205	400	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	730	205	520	1.3	0.8	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,040	525	515	1.9	2.0	1.8
Business, management and public administration	6,905	2,770	4,130	12.6	10.5	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	85	280	0.7	0.3	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,530	2,675	3,850	11.9	10.1	13.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,280	665	615	2.3	2.5	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	470	200	270	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	380	185	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	275	210	75	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	920	570	345	1.7	2.2	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	710	505	205	1.3	1.9	0.7
25. Library science	100	10	90	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,540	6,920	625	13.8	26.2	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	285	180	105	0.5	0.7	0.4
14. Engineering	1,330	1,140	195	2.4	4.3	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,135	1,900	235	3.9	7.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,880	1,840	35	3.4	7.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,255	1,220	40	2.3	4.6	0.1
48. Precision production	660	640	25	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	665	315	355	1.2	1.2	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	385	165	220	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	280	145	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Health and related fields	5,730	1,035	4,695	10.5	3.9	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	485	250	235	0.9	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,120	740	4,380	9.4	2.8	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,700	820	880	3.1	3.1	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	875	205	665	1.6	0.8	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	480	305	170	0.9	1.2	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	300	265	35	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	34,640	16,770	17,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,840	5,075	4,765	28.4	30.3	26.7
Education	2,230	580	1,650	6.4	3.5	9.2
13. Education	2,230	580	1,650	6.4	3.5	9.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	665	230	440	1.9	1.4	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	600	180	425	1.7	1.1	2.4
Humanities	885	335	555	2.6	2.0	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	15	95	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	195	65	130	0.6	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255	85	165	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	90	50	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,565	870	1,695	7.4	5.2	9.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	320	135	185	0.9	0.8	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	365	15	345	1.1	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	495	150	345	1.4	0.9	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	545	170	375	1.6	1.0	2.1
45. Social sciences	790	390	400	2.3	2.3	2.2
Business, management and public administration	5,170	2,050	3,120	14.9	12.2	17.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	265	55	215	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,895	1,990	2,905	14.1	11.9	16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	915	490	430	2.6	2.9	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	160	205	1.1	1.0	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	135	115	0.7	0.8	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	175	125	50	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	65	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	730	480	250	2.1	2.9	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	615	435	180	1.8	2.6	1.0
25. Library science	50	10	45	0.1	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,555	5,035	520	16.0	30.0	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	205	115	90	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	995	830	165	2.9	4.9	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,525	1,335	185	4.4	8.0	1.0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,420	1,385	35	4.1	8.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	945	915	30	2.7	5.5	0.2
48. Precision production	475	460	20	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	480	200	290	1.4	1.2	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	270	80	190	0.8	0.5	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	215	120	90	0.6	0.7	0.5
Health and related fields	4,285	800	3,490	12.4	4.8	19.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385	195	185	1.1	1.2	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,800	560	3,235	11.0	3.3	18.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,310	640	670	3.8	3.8	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	635	145	485	1.8	0.9	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
43. Security and protective services	425	270	155	1.2	1.6	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	185	25	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	34,640	16,770	17,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,840	5,075	4,765	28.4	30.3	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	24,795	11,690	13,110	71.6	69.7	73.4
Location of study inside Canada	22,065	10,440	11,620	63.7	62.3	65.0
Same as province or territory of residence	17,685	8,285	9,395	51.1	49.4	52.6
Different than province or territory of residence	4,380	2,150	2,225	12.6	12.8	12.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,740	1,255	1,485	7.9	7.5	8.3
Americas	750	370	380	2.2	2.2	2.1
United States of America	555	285	270	1.6	1.7	1.5
Mexico	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	675	335	345	1.9	2.0	1.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	295	145	150	0.9	0.9	0.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	75	50	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	145	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,055	400	655	3.0	2.4	3.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
China⁹⁰	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	625	240	380	1.8	1.4	2.1
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	155	80	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	105	70	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Australia	80	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	54,675	26,460	28,215	...	...	...
In the labour force	36,040	18,685	17,355	...	...	...
Employed	32,755	17,000	15,750	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,290	1,685	1,605	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	18,630	7,775	10,860	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.9	70.6	61.5	65.9	70.6	61.5
Employment rate	59.9	64.2	55.8	59.9	64.2	55.8
Unemployment rate	9.1	9.0	9.2	9.1	9.0	9.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	54,675	26,460	28,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	18,770	8,070	10,705	34.3	30.5	37.9
Worked	35,900	18,395	17,510	65.7	69.5	62.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,840	11,195	8,635	36.3	42.3	30.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	16,065	7,195	8,875	29.4	27.2	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.4	40.6	41.5	42.4	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	36,040	18,685	17,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	950	510	440	2.6	2.7	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	35,095	18,180	16,915	97.4	97.3	97.5
Employee	30,170	15,275	14,895	83.7	81.8	85.8
Permanent position	25,280	12,940	12,340	70.1	69.3	71.1
Temporary position	4,895	2,335	2,560	13.6	12.5	14.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,390	640	750	3.9	3.4	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,500	1,695	1,805	9.7	9.1	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,920	2,900	2,020	13.7	15.5	11.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	36,040	18,685	17,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	950	510	440	2.6	2.7	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	35,095	18,180	16,915	97.4	97.3	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	530	375	150	1.5	2.0	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,425	1,905	4,515	17.8	10.2	26.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,795	2,250	545	7.8	12.0	3.1
3 Health occupations	3,260	585	2,675	9.0	3.1	15.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,585	2,200	3,380	15.5	11.8	19.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	900	355	545	2.5	1.9	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	8,005	3,770	4,230	22.2	20.2	24.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,165	5,585	580	17.1	29.9	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	615	490	125	1.7	2.6	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	825	665	160	2.3	3.6	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	36,040	18,685	17,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	950	510	440	2.6	2.7	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	35,095	18,180	16,915	97.4	97.3	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	170	90	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	725	660	60	2.0	3.5	0.3
22 Utilities	385	260	130	1.1	1.4	0.7
23 Construction	3,475	2,910	570	9.6	15.6	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	1,400	1,075	330	3.9	5.8	1.9
41 Wholesale trade	1,580	1,125	460	4.4	6.0	2.7
44-45 Retail trade	4,105	2,015	2,085	11.4	10.8	12.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,610	1,225	385	4.5	6.6	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	495	330	165	1.4	1.8	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,265	530	735	3.5	2.8	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	820	415	410	2.3	2.2	2.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,670	1,605	1,070	7.4	8.6	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,140	675	470	3.2	3.6	2.7
61 Educational services	3,065	845	2,220	8.5	4.5	12.8
62 Health care and social assistance	4,735	820	3,910	13.1	4.4	22.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	645	285	355	1.8	1.5	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	1,560	655	905	4.3	3.5	5.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,380	575	810	3.8	3.1	4.7
91 Public administration	3,775	2,040	1,740	10.5	10.9	10.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	38,185	19,520	18,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,255	19,170	18,090	97.6	98.2	96.9
French	100	25	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	570	195	365	1.5	1.0	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	215	105	105	0.6	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	38,185	19,520	18,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,115	19,490	18,625	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	38,080	19,475	18,605	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	37,880	19,435	18,440	99.2	99.6	98.8
French	205	35	165	0.5	0.2	0.9
Non-official languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	38,185	19,520	18,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	37,445	19,235	18,210	98.1	98.5	97.6
English	115	20	95	0.3	0.1	0.5
French	430	170	265	1.1	0.9	1.4
Non-official language	145	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	32,755	17,000	15,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,890	3,610	4,280	24.1	21.2	27.2
Worked outside Canada	45	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,195	3,090	1,110	12.8	18.2	7.0
Usual place of work	20,625	10,260	10,365	63.0	60.4	65.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	20,620	10,260	10,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,185	3,055	5,130	39.7	29.8	49.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,830	6,750	5,080	57.4	65.8	49.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	495	375	120	2.4	3.7	1.2
Commute to a different province or territory	110	80	30	0.5	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	24,820	13,350	11,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,860	12,420	10,440	92.1	93.0	91.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,645	11,910	9,735	87.2	89.2	84.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,215	510	700	4.9	3.8	6.1
Public transit	490	225	265	2.0	1.7	2.3
Walked	840	365	475	3.4	2.7	4.1
Bicycle	130	95	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
Other method	495	245	250	2.0	1.8	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	24,820	13,350	11,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,765	3,170	4,590	31.3	23.7	40.0
15 to 29 minutes	9,730	5,470	4,270	39.2	41.0	37.2
30 to 44 minutes	5,505	3,425	2,085	22.2	25.7	18.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,150	800	350	4.6	6.0	3.1
60 minutes and over	665	485	180	2.7	3.6	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	24,820	13,350	11,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,550	1,195	350	6.2	9.0	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,750	3,055	1,695	19.1	22.9	14.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,475	3,945	3,530	30.1	29.6	30.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,580	2,075	2,505	18.5	15.5	21.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,080	1,270	1,805	12.4	9.5	15.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,395	1,805	1,590	13.7	13.5	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,250	7,905	7,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,520	770	750	10.0	9.7	10.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,730	7,135	6,595	90.0	90.3	89.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,740	6,120	5,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,175	595	580	10.0	9.7	10.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	595	280	310	5.1	4.6	5.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	580	310	270	4.9	5.1	4.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,560	5,525	5,035	89.9	90.3	89.6

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 23, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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