Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. Catharines, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	136,803	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	133,113	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	61,977	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	58,903	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,422.1	...	...	1,422.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	96.20	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	136,805	65,670	71,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,350	9,925	9,420	14.1	15.1	13.2
0 to 4 years	6,125	3,145	2,980	4.5	4.8	4.2
5 to 9 years	6,405	3,325	3,080	4.7	5.1	4.3
10 to 14 years	6,815	3,455	3,360	5.0	5.3	4.7
15 to 64 years	85,590	41,710	43,880	62.6	63.5	61.7
15 to 19 years	6,945	3,570	3,375	5.1	5.4	4.7
20 to 24 years	8,510	4,290	4,215	6.2	6.5	5.9
25 to 29 years	9,385	4,735	4,650	6.9	7.2	6.5
30 to 34 years	8,885	4,355	4,530	6.5	6.6	6.4
35 to 39 years	8,185	3,990	4,195	6.0	6.1	5.9
40 to 44 years	7,455	3,585	3,875	5.4	5.5	5.4
45 to 49 years	7,855	3,765	4,090	5.7	5.7	5.7
50 to 54 years	8,365	4,035	4,330	6.1	6.1	6.1
55 to 59 years	10,165	4,745	5,415	7.4	7.2	7.6
60 to 64 years	9,840	4,630	5,210	7.2	7.1	7.3
65 years and over	31,865	14,040	17,830	23.3	21.4	25.1
65 to 69 years	8,920	4,125	4,800	6.5	6.3	6.7
70 to 74 years	8,150	3,730	4,420	6.0	5.7	6.2
75 to 79 years	5,895	2,655	3,240	4.3	4.0	4.6
80 to 84 years	4,165	1,850	2,310	3.0	2.8	3.2
85 years and over	4,735	1,680	3,060	3.5	2.6	4.3
85 to 89 years	2,790	1,075	1,715	2.0	1.6	2.4
90 to 94 years	1,465	475	985	1.1	0.7	1.4
95 to 99 years	440	110	330	0.3	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	15.1	13.2	14.1	15.1	13.2
15 to 64 years	62.6	63.5	61.7	62.6	63.5	61.7
65 years and over	23.3	21.4	25.1	23.3	21.4	25.1
85 years and over	3.5	2.6	4.3	3.5	2.6	4.3
Average age of the population	44.3	42.9	45.6	44.3	42.9	45.6
Median age of the population	44.8	42.8	46.8	44.8	42.8	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,725	...	...	55.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,425	...	...	5.8	...	...
Row house	5,010	...	...	8.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,500	...	...	4.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,465	...	...	14.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	6,500	...	...	11.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	180	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	19,010	...	...	32.3	...	...
2 persons	20,870	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	8,400	...	...	14.3	...	...
4 persons	6,780	...	...	11.5	...	...
5 or more persons	3,840	...	...	6.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	134,340	64,735	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	117,455	55,745	61,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	62,175	31,020	31,155	52.9	55.6	50.5
Married	50,360	25,130	25,225	42.9	45.1	40.9
Living common-law	11,820	5,895	5,925	10.1	10.6	9.6
Living common law - Never married	8,115	4,060	4,055	6.9	7.3	6.6
Living common law - Separated	765	380	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,535	1,270	1,265	2.2	2.3	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	410	175	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	55,280	24,725	30,555	47.1	44.4	49.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	33,845	17,825	16,020	28.8	32.0	26.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,370	1,820	2,550	3.7	3.3	4.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,570	3,270	5,300	7.3	5.9	8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,490	1,805	6,690	7.2	3.2	10.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,220	...	...	55.8	...	...
3 persons	7,905	...	...	20.8	...	...
4 persons	6,250	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,645	...	...	7.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,305	...	...	79.7	...	...
Married couples	24,420	...	...	64.2	...	...
With children⁶	11,785	...	...	31.0	...	...
Without children	12,630	...	...	33.2	...	...
Common-law couples	5,880	...	...	15.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,085	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	3,795	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,715	...	...	20.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,195	...	...	16.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,515	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	134,335	64,735	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	105,320	51,470	53,850	78.4	79.5	77.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	60,610	30,240	30,365	45.1	46.7	43.6
Parents in one-parent families	7,710	1,515	6,195	5.7	2.3	8.9
Children⁶	37,000	19,715	17,285	27.5	30.5	24.8
In a two-parent family	25,155	13,355	11,805	18.7	20.6	17.0
In a one-parent family	11,845	6,360	5,480	8.8	9.8	7.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	29,015	13,270	15,750	21.6	20.5	22.6
Living alone	19,010	8,110	10,900	14.2	12.5	15.7
Living with other relatives⁷	3,305	1,410	1,890	2.5	2.2	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	6,700	3,745	2,955	5.0	5.8	4.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,610	...	...	57.1	...	...
Couple-family households	27,525	...	...	46.7	...	...
With children⁶	12,565	...	...	21.3	...	...
Without children	14,960	...	...	25.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,085	...	...	10.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,465	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	300	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,635	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,880	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	19,015	...	...	32.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	115,005	54,820	60,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,155	52,830	58,320	96.7	96.4	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,000	34,400	37,600	42,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,215	52,860	58,350	96.7	96.4	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	32,000	34,400	38,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,105	47,100	50,005	84.4	85.9	83.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	36,000	24,000	29,600	36,000	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,210	38,965	37,245	66.3	71.1	61.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,000	34,400	26,000	30,000	34,400	26,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,005	48,445	54,560	89.6	88.4	90.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	10,000	12,900	11,800	10,000	12,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,135	5,800	6,335	10.6	10.6	10.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,985	16,130	17,855	29.6	29.4	29.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	9,500	9,000	8,000	9,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	115,005	54,820	60,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,005	52,720	58,290	96.5	96.2	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,560	53,700	42,000	47,560	53,700	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,060	52,750	58,310	96.6	96.2	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,200	36,840	40,800	45,200	36,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,135	46,975	50,160	84.5	85.7	83.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,400	48,920	34,360	41,400	48,920	34,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,210	38,985	37,225	66.3	71.1	61.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,520	45,440	35,320	40,520	45,440	35,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,885	48,300	54,590	89.5	88.1	90.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,210	11,030	13,240	12,210	11,030	13,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,060	5,705	6,360	10.5	10.4	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,170	5,775	6,530	6,170	5,775	6,530
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,195	16,130	18,065	29.7	29.4	30.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,460	9,310	9,590	9,460	9,310	9,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	115,005	54,825	60,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,725	17,550	14,180	27.6	32.0	23.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	61,600	52,800	57,200	61,600	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	72,700	59,800	66,900	72,700	59,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,895	14,985	17,905	28.6	27.3	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,900	17,200	15,000	15,900	17,200	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,180	27,200	21,660	24,180	27,200	21,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.2	81.2	70.4	76.2	81.2	70.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.5	62.6	53.7	58.5	62.6	53.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.8	18.8	29.6	23.8	18.8	29.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	5.8	8.2	6.9	5.8	8.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.1	5.3	7.1	6.1	5.3	7.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	115,005	54,825	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,850	1,985	1,865	3.3	3.6	3.1
With total income	111,150	52,835	58,320	96.6	96.4	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,145	3,520	4,625	7.3	6.7	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	14,520	5,920	8,600	13.1	11.2	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	19,465	8,045	11,415	17.5	15.2	19.6
$30,000 to $39,999	17,265	7,590	9,675	15.5	14.4	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	13,865	6,420	7,450	12.5	12.2	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	10,405	5,100	5,305	9.4	9.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,415	3,990	3,430	6.7	7.6	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,380	3,115	2,270	4.8	5.9	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,665	2,195	1,475	3.3	4.2	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,995	1,725	1,265	2.7	3.3	2.2
$100,000 and over	8,030	5,210	2,820	7.2	9.9	4.8
$100,000 to $149,999	5,620	3,465	2,155	5.1	6.6	3.7
$150,000 and over	2,410	1,745	665	2.2	3.3	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	115,005	54,825	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,790	1,960	1,830	3.3	3.6	3.0
With after-tax income	111,210	52,860	58,350	96.7	96.4	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,575	3,640	4,930	7.7	6.9	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	15,170	6,200	8,970	13.6	11.7	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	22,235	9,320	12,910	20.0	17.6	22.1
$30,000 to $39,999	19,845	8,955	10,890	17.8	16.9	18.7
$40,000 to $49,999	15,310	7,335	7,970	13.8	13.9	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,105	5,350	4,755	9.1	10.1	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,780	3,920	2,855	6.1	7.4	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,325	2,525	1,800	3.9	4.8	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,275	1,825	1,450	2.9	3.5	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,715	1,085	630	1.5	2.1	1.1
$100,000 and over	3,885	2,705	1,180	3.5	5.1	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,040	1,350	685	1.8	2.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,845	1,350	495	1.7	2.6	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	115,005	54,825	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	38,795	15,860	22,935	33.7	28.9	38.1
With employment income	76,215	38,960	37,250	66.3	71.1	61.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	13,100	6,860	6,235	17.2	17.6	16.7
$5,000 to $9,999	6,935	2,930	4,005	9.1	7.5	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,445	4,625	5,820	13.7	11.9	15.6
$20,000 to $29,999	7,665	3,500	4,165	10.1	9.0	11.2
$30,000 to $39,999	7,365	3,490	3,875	9.7	9.0	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	6,935	3,270	3,665	9.1	8.4	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,680	3,005	2,675	7.5	7.7	7.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,380	2,555	1,820	5.7	6.6	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,265	2,010	1,255	4.3	5.2	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,405	1,525	880	3.2	3.9	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365	1,290	1,070	3.1	3.3	2.9
$100,000 and over	5,670	3,890	1,785	7.4	10.0	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,875	1,855	1,015	3.8	4.8	2.7
$125,000 and over	2,795	2,030	770	3.7	5.2	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	115,005	54,820	60,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,375	51,900	57,475	95.1	94.7	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	40,800	31,200	35,600	40,800	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	109,405	51,905	57,500	95.1	94.7	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,800	29,200	32,400	36,800	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,475	46,750	49,720	83.9	85.3	82.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,000	27,000	32,000	38,000	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,935	39,275	37,655	66.9	71.6	62.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	36,800	29,200	32,400	36,800	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,915	45,780	52,135	85.1	83.5	86.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	2,060	7,800	5,360	2,060	7,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,035	3,600	4,435	7.0	6.6	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,880	4,800	4,960	4,880	4,800	4,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	115,005	54,820	60,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,240	51,755	57,485	95.0	94.4	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,320	51,750	39,560	45,320	51,750	39,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	109,275	51,755	57,520	95.0	94.4	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,680	43,360	34,480	38,680	43,360	34,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,615	46,690	49,925	84.0	85.2	83.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720	50,200	35,720	42,720	50,200	35,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,825	39,140	37,680	66.8	71.4	62.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,400	36,400	42,000	47,400	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,765	45,540	52,225	85.0	83.1	86.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,450	7,360	9,390	8,450	7,360	9,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,915	3,560	4,350	6.9	6.5	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	5,895	6,840	6,420	5,895	6,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	115,005	54,825	60,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,465	17,410	14,055	27.4	31.8	23.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,600	58,800	48,800	53,600	58,800	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,000	70,400	56,250	64,000	70,400	56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,395	14,245	17,145	27.3	26.0	28.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	25,200	21,200	22,800	25,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,720	34,840	27,280	30,720	34,840	27,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.4	78.4	83.4	87.4	78.4
Employment income (%)	65.2	69.2	60.3	65.2	69.2	60.3
Government transfers (%)	16.7	12.5	21.6	16.7	12.5	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	19,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	39,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,600	...	...	89,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	19,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,320	...	...	47,320	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,960	...	...	40,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	39,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,100	...	...	94,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	585	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	315	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	755	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,490	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,570	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,495	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,430	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,565	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,735	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,725	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,080	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,630	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,405	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,780	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,910	...	...	32.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,520	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,365	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,520	...	...	7.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,505	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	650	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	325	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	785	...	...	1.3	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,550	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,720	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,840	...	...	4.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,895	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,975	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,145	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,040	...	...	5.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,700	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,290	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,800	...	...	8.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,230	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,475	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,480	...	...	24.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,120	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,555	...	...	6.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,810	...	...	8.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	25,710	11,855	13,855	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,400	34,400	35,200	36,400	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	33,200	32,400	32,800	33,200	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...	110,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,200	...	...	94,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,900	...	...	99,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,200	...	...	140,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	25,700	11,935	13,770	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,560	44,720	42,560	43,560	44,720	42,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,960	38,600	37,440	37,960	38,600	37,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	134,335	64,740	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,465	12,015	11,455	17.5	18.6	16.5
0 to 5 years	7,380	3,785	3,595	5.5	5.8	5.2
18 to 64 years	80,920	39,280	41,640	60.2	60.7	59.8
65 years and over	29,950	13,440	16,510	22.3	20.8	23.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,700	7,525	9,170	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,650	1,850	1,805	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,270	625	640	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,410	4,385	5,020	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,635	1,290	2,345	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.4	11.6	13.2	12.4	11.6	13.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.4	15.7	15.6	15.4	15.7
0 to 5 years (%)	17.2	16.6	17.8	17.2	16.6	17.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	11.2	12.1	11.6	11.2	12.1
65 years and over (%)	12.2	9.6	14.2	12.2	9.6	14.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	134,335	64,735	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,465	12,015	11,455	17.5	18.6	16.5
0 to 5 years	7,380	3,790	3,595	5.5	5.9	5.2
18 to 64 years	80,915	39,280	41,635	60.2	60.7	59.8
65 years and over	29,955	13,445	16,510	22.3	20.8	23.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,900	3,510	3,385	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,020	535	485	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	340	170	175	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,355	2,765	2,590	...	...	...
65 years and over	525	210	310	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	5.4	4.9	5.1	5.4	4.9
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.5	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.6	7.0	6.2	6.6	7.0	6.2
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	134,335	64,740	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	76,955	36,075	40,875	57.3	55.7	58.7
In bottom decile	15,270	7,160	8,115	11.4	11.1	11.7
In second decile	16,275	7,275	9,000	12.1	11.2	12.9
In third decile	16,000	7,430	8,570	11.9	11.5	12.3
In fourth decile	14,940	7,170	7,775	11.1	11.1	11.2
In fifth decile	14,465	7,045	7,420	10.8	10.9	10.7
In top half of the distribution	57,380	28,665	28,720	42.7	44.3	41.3
In sixth decile	13,650	6,675	6,975	10.2	10.3	10.0
In seventh decile	12,635	6,265	6,365	9.4	9.7	9.1
In eighth decile	11,455	5,770	5,685	8.5	8.9	8.2
In ninth decile	10,545	5,340	5,205	7.8	8.2	7.5
In top decile	9,105	4,610	4,490	6.8	7.1	6.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	134,335	...	...	134,335	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321	...	...	0.321	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.465	...	...	0.465	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	134,840	64,920	69,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	124,605	60,540	64,065	92.4	93.3	91.6
French only	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	8,815	3,760	5,055	6.5	5.8	7.2
Neither English nor French	1,330	580	755	1.0	0.9	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	134,840	64,920	69,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	130,785	63,110	67,675	97.0	97.2	96.8
French	2,340	1,050	1,290	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	425	205	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,285	555	730	1.0	0.9	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	134,840	64,920	69,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	131,185	63,250	67,935	97.3	97.4	97.2
Official languages	109,560	53,160	56,405	81.3	81.9	80.7
English	107,140	52,080	55,060	79.5	80.2	78.7
French	2,420	1,075	1,345	1.8	1.7	1.9
Non-official languages	21,625	10,095	11,535	16.0	15.5	16.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,605	10,080	11,525	16.0	15.5	16.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,885	965	920	1.4	1.5	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,845	955	895	1.4	1.5	1.3
Amharic	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,705	890	820	1.3	1.4	1.2
Aramaic languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	450	195	260	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	350	150	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,010	385	625	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	810	305	510	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	385	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,240	6,680	7,560	10.6	10.3	10.8
Albanian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,605	1,595	2,010	2.7	2.5	2.9
Baltic languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,530	1,560	1,970	2.6	2.4	2.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,530	645	885	1.1	1.0	1.3
Russian	515	235	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	490	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	200	100	105	0.1	0.2	0.2
Serbian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	110	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	550	240	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,785	1,195	1,595	2.1	1.8	2.3
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,630	685	945	1.2	1.1	1.4
German	1,610	675	940	1.2	1.0	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,055	465	585	0.8	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	915	400	510	0.7	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	75	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Danish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,825	930	895	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,410	730	680	1.0	1.1	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	160	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	230	135	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	420	195	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	410	195	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian Persian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,470	2,700	2,765	4.1	4.2	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,935	945	990	1.4	1.5	1.4
Portuguese	495	225	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,855	1,440	1,415	2.1	2.2	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	550	245	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	280	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,815	830	985	1.3	1.3	1.4
Chinese languages	1,805	825	980	1.3	1.3	1.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,390	640	755	1.0	1.0	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	150	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	175	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	425	195	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	335	155	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,660	1,670	1,985	2.7	2.6	2.8
English and French	610	285	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,650	1,215	1,440	2.0	1.9	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	240	95	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	134,840	64,920	69,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	112,710	54,650	58,060	83.6	84.2	83.0
French	500	225	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	5,145	2,365	2,785	3.8	3.6	4.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,145	2,365	2,785	3.8	3.6	4.0
English and French	1,445	630	815	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	14,185	6,685	7,505	10.5	10.3	10.7
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	530	220	310	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	134,840	64,920	69,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	131,400	63,285	68,115	97.4	97.5	97.4
Official languages	121,200	58,495	62,705	89.9	90.1	89.7
English	120,470	58,175	62,300	89.3	89.6	89.1
French	730	320	415	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official languages	10,200	4,790	5,410	7.6	7.4	7.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,190	4,790	5,400	7.6	7.4	7.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,090	530	565	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,080	525	550	0.8	0.8	0.8
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,000	490	510	0.7	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	300	135	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	540	235	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	460	200	260	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,735	2,675	3,065	4.3	4.1	4.4
Albanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,420	635	785	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,405	630	780	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	655	280	375	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	305	140	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	325	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	215	90	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	215	90	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,070	510	560	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	795	385	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,690	1,280	1,405	2.0	2.0	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	510	205	305	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,855	925	930	1.4	1.4	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	440	195	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,280	620	655	0.9	1.0	0.9
Chinese languages	1,275	615	660	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,070	520	555	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,440	1,635	1,810	2.6	2.5	2.6
English and French	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	3,090	1,480	1,615	2.3	2.3	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	134,840	64,915	69,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	121,265	58,625	62,640	89.9	90.3	89.6
English	4,495	2,150	2,350	3.3	3.3	3.4
French	1,160	500	655	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	6,500	2,990	3,505	4.8	4.6	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,480	2,985	3,500	4.8	4.6	5.0
English and French	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	460	220	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	260	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	625	300	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	134,335	64,735	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	132,955	64,195	68,760	99.0	99.2	98.8
English	132,850	64,155	68,695	98.9	99.1	98.7
French	8,905	3,820	5,085	6.6	5.9	7.3
Non-official languages	28,695	13,225	15,465	21.4	20.4	22.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,660	13,210	15,450	21.3	20.4	22.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,715	1,355	1,360	2.0	2.1	2.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,640	1,315	1,320	2.0	2.0	1.9
Amharic	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	2,410	1,220	1,195	1.8	1.9	1.7
Aramaic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	585	260	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	460	210	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,550	595	960	1.2	0.9	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	200	70	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,450	560	890	1.1	0.9	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	210	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	510	295	210	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	310	175	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	185	120	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,225	8,870	10,350	14.3	13.7	14.9
Albanian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	175	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	4,365	1,925	2,435	3.2	3.0	3.5
Baltic languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,300	1,900	2,400	3.2	2.9	3.4
Belarusian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Polish	1,765	690	1,080	1.3	1.1	1.6
Russian	910	440	470	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	650	330	310	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bosnian	220	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Croatian	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	270	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	875	385	490	0.7	0.6	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,885	1,680	2,210	2.9	2.6	3.2
Frisian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,365	1,045	1,315	1.8	1.6	1.9
German	2,350	1,040	1,315	1.7	1.6	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,410	595	820	1.0	0.9	1.2
Afrikaans	150	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,205	515	690	0.9	0.8	1.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	385	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	2,685	1,370	1,315	2.0	2.1	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,265	1,160	1,110	1.7	1.8	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	215	145	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	340	160	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hindi	1,060	595	460	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kacchi	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	515	265	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	955	410	545	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	470	235	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	310	165	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,150	3,810	4,340	6.1	5.9	6.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,010	1,400	1,610	2.2	2.2	2.3
Portuguese	745	360	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	200	110	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	4,600	2,145	2,450	3.4	3.3	3.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	175	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	615	310	305	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	700	325	375	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	205	65	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	175	55	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,085	985	1,100	1.6	1.5	1.6
Chinese languages	2,080	980	1,100	1.5	1.5	1.6
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,770	845	930	1.3	1.3	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	420	200	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	405	185	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lao	310	150	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Thai	170	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	325	185	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	270	150	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	435	170	260	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	350	145	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,335	64,735	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,305	1,535	1,770	2.5	2.4	2.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,155	1,450	1,705	2.3	2.2	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,885	865	1,015	1.4	1.3	1.5
Métis	1,245	565	680	0.9	0.9	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	131,030	63,200	67,830	97.5	97.6	97.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	134,335	64,735	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	925	430	495	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	133,410	64,305	69,105	99.3	99.3	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,945	...	...	64.4	...	...
Renter	20,960	...	...	35.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,310	...	...	10.7	...	...
Not condominium	52,590	...	...	89.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	7,990	...	...	13.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,780	...	...	25.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,540	...	...	40.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,310	...	...	20.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,300	...	...	26.0	...	...
5 rooms	8,820	...	...	15.0	...	...
6 rooms	9,365	...	...	15.9	...	...
7 rooms	8,225	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,195	...	...	29.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	58,135	...	...	98.7	...	...
More than one person per room	765	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	56,445	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,460	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	19,160	...	...	32.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	22,675	...	...	38.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,560	...	...	11.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,460	...	...	7.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,825	...	...	3.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,355	...	...	2.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,205	...	...	2.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,655	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	55,505	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,395	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	31,635	...	...	53.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	24,855	...	...	42.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,410	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,675	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,620	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,395	...	...	14.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,305	...	...	15.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,940	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	10,760	...	...	18.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,455	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	2,755	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	58,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,650	...	...	76.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,970	...	...	23.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	12,810	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	18,110	...	...	30.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	12,475	...	...	21.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,755	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,200	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	485	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	975	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,795	...	...	69.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	57,455	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	7,025	...	...	12.2	...	...
Not in core need	50,435	...	...	87.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.8	...	...	55.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.4	...	...	14.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,306	...	...	1,306	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	581,000	...	...	581,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	20,955	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.9	...	...	15.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.0	...	...	41.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.2	...	...	25.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,168	...	...	1,168	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	134,340	64,740	69,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,060	510	550	0.8	0.8	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,035	495	535	0.8	0.8	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	770	370	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Métis single ancestry	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,600	1,645	1,950	2.7	2.5	2.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,540	1,625	1,910	2.6	2.5	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,600	1,220	1,375	1.9	1.9	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	400	535	0.7	0.6	0.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	129,685	62,580	67,100	96.5	96.7	96.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	134,335	64,740	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	125,595	60,380	65,210	93.5	93.3	93.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,365	11,525	10,845	16.6	17.8	15.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	103,225	48,860	54,370	76.8	75.5	78.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,740	4,350	4,385	6.5	6.7	6.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	134,335	64,740	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,880	50,720	54,160	78.1	78.3	77.8
Immigrants⁸¹	26,235	12,295	13,945	19.5	19.0	20.0
Before 1980	10,025	4,695	5,330	7.5	7.3	7.7
1980 to 1990	2,790	1,265	1,525	2.1	2.0	2.2
1991 to 2000	3,540	1,660	1,880	2.6	2.6	2.7
2001 to 2010	4,485	2,095	2,390	3.3	3.2	3.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,395	2,575	2,815	4.0	4.0	4.0
2011 to 2015	2,135	1,010	1,120	1.6	1.6	1.6
2016 to 2021	3,265	1,565	1,700	2.4	2.4	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,225	1,725	1,500	2.4	2.7	2.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	26,235	12,290	13,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,915	1,465	1,450	11.1	11.9	10.4
5 to 14 years	5,495	2,675	2,820	20.9	21.8	20.2
15 to 24 years	5,535	2,625	2,905	21.1	21.4	20.8
25 to 44 years	10,170	4,540	5,635	38.8	36.9	40.4
45 years and over	2,120	990	1,130	8.1	8.1	8.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	26,235	12,290	13,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	5,305	2,575	2,730	20.2	21.0	19.6
Brazil	135	75	65	0.5	0.6	0.5
Colombia	665	320	345	2.5	2.6	2.5
El Salvador	355	165	185	1.4	1.3	1.3
Guyana	115	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haiti	110	60	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jamaica	610	295	320	2.3	2.4	2.3
Mexico	230	100	125	0.9	0.8	0.9
Peru	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	325	190	135	1.2	1.5	1.0
United States of America	1,370	585	780	5.2	4.8	5.6
Other places of birth in Americas	1,315	700	620	5.0	5.7	4.4
Europe	11,885	5,500	6,380	45.3	44.8	45.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	175	95	85	0.7	0.8	0.6
Croatia	105	60	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	90	25	60	0.3	0.2	0.4
Germany	885	370	510	3.4	3.0	3.7
Greece	190	100	85	0.7	0.8	0.6
Hungary	165	65	95	0.6	0.5	0.7
Italy	1,675	820	860	6.4	6.7	6.2
Netherlands	1,085	485	605	4.1	3.9	4.3
Poland	1,200	450	750	4.6	3.7	5.4
Portugal	155	75	75	0.6	0.6	0.5
Romania	215	100	115	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian Federation	260	100	155	1.0	0.8	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	150	75	70	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ukraine	345	140	205	1.3	1.1	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,925	1,940	1,980	15.0	15.8	14.2
Other places of birth in Europe	1,275	605	670	4.9	4.9	4.8
Africa	1,945	930	1,015	7.4	7.6	7.3
Algeria	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	80	55	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Egypt	225	100	120	0.9	0.8	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Morocco	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	290	145	140	1.1	1.2	1.0
Somalia	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	235	100	135	0.9	0.8	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	940	445	500	3.6	3.6	3.6
Asia	7,010	3,245	3,765	26.7	26.4	27.0
Afghanistan	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	175	90	90	0.7	0.7	0.6
Iraq	200	100	100	0.8	0.8	0.7
Lebanon	145	85	55	0.6	0.7	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	370	180	195	1.4	1.5	1.4
Turkey	125	60	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
China⁹⁰	915	425	485	3.5	3.5	3.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	110	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	405	195	205	1.5	1.6	1.5
Taiwan	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,460	560	900	5.6	4.6	6.5
Viet Nam	270	120	150	1.0	1.0	1.1
Bangladesh	100	65	30	0.4	0.5	0.2
India	795	415	385	3.0	3.4	2.8
Pakistan	505	230	275	1.9	1.9	2.0
Sri Lanka	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,320	610	710	5.0	5.0	5.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	100	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,260	1,565	1,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	760	410	355	23.3	26.2	20.9
Brazil	30	10	20	0.9	0.6	1.2
Colombia	120	65	60	3.7	4.2	3.5
Haiti	30	15	20	0.9	1.0	1.2
Jamaica	115	65	55	3.5	4.2	3.2
Mexico	40	25	15	1.2	1.6	0.9
United States of America	150	80	65	4.6	5.1	3.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	95	55	40	2.9	3.5	2.4
Other places of birth in Americas	185	100	85	5.7	6.4	5.0
Europe	250	105	150	7.7	6.7	8.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	10	40	1.4	0.6	2.4
Ukraine	25	10	20	0.8	0.6	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	35	30	2.0	2.2	1.8
Other places of birth in Europe	85	35	45	2.6	2.2	2.6
Africa	415	200	220	12.7	12.8	12.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	15	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	190	95	90	5.8	6.1	5.3
Somalia	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	0	25	1.1	0.0	1.5
Sudan⁹⁷	50	30	20	1.5	1.9	1.2
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	40	60	2.9	2.6	3.5
Asia	1,820	850	965	55.8	54.3	56.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	35	25	15	1.1	1.6	0.9
China⁹⁰	405	165	240	12.4	10.5	14.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	245	130	115	7.5	8.3	6.8
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15	1.1	1.3	0.9
Iraq	65	20	40	2.0	1.3	2.4
Israel	15	15	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Jordan	25	15	10	0.8	1.0	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	150	80	70	4.6	5.1	4.1
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Nepal	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Pakistan	75	30	40	2.3	1.9	2.4
Philippines	205	80	120	6.3	5.1	7.1
Saudi Arabia	55	25	25	1.7	1.6	1.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	240	120	125	7.4	7.7	7.4
Turkey	40	20	25	1.2	1.3	1.5
United Arab Emirates	55	40	20	1.7	2.6	1.2
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	125	45	85	3.8	2.9	5.0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Australia	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	134,335	64,735	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,765	14,610	16,155	22.9	22.6	23.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,560	14,285	15,275	22.0	22.1	21.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,010	35,845	38,170	55.1	55.4	54.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	16,205	7,590	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,640	3,235	3,400	41.0	42.6	39.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,895	1,615	1,275	17.9	21.3	14.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,745	1,620	2,125	23.1	21.3	24.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,050	2,200	2,850	31.2	29.0	33.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,135	1,995	2,150	25.5	26.3	25.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	375	165	215	2.3	2.2	2.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	16,205	7,590	8,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	2,220	1,135	1,090	13.7	15.0	12.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,725	820	910	10.6	10.8	10.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	520	265	255	3.2	3.5	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	990	435	550	6.1	5.7	6.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	170	65	110	1.0	0.9	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,580	4,875	5,700	65.3	64.2	66.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	134,335	64,735	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	22,215	11,055	11,160	16.5	17.1	16.0
South Asian	3,325	1,815	1,510	2.5	2.8	2.2
Chinese	2,200	1,035	1,170	1.6	1.6	1.7
Black	5,540	2,895	2,645	4.1	4.5	3.8
Filipino	2,015	830	1,175	1.5	1.3	1.7
Arab	1,735	880	860	1.3	1.4	1.2
Latin American	3,065	1,515	1,555	2.3	2.3	2.2
Southeast Asian	1,280	585	695	1.0	0.9	1.0
West Asian	395	220	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	630	320	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	260	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	445	205	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	1,325	650	680	1.0	1.0	1.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	112,120	53,680	58,440	83.5	82.9	84.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	134,335	64,740	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	19,025	9,305	9,720	14.2	14.4	14.0
English	31,030	14,885	16,145	23.1	23.0	23.2
Irish	22,070	10,180	11,890	16.4	15.7	17.1
Scottish	24,775	11,865	12,910	18.4	18.3	18.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,345	5,180	6,165	8.4	8.0	8.9
German	16,000	7,610	8,395	11.9	11.8	12.1
Chinese	2,405	1,110	1,295	1.8	1.7	1.9
Italian	12,515	6,115	6,400	9.3	9.4	9.2
Indian (India)	2,110	1,195	910	1.6	1.8	1.3
Ukrainian	6,955	3,390	3,565	5.2	5.2	5.1
Dutch	9,120	4,345	4,780	6.8	6.7	6.9
Polish	6,930	3,045	3,890	5.2	4.7	5.6
Québécois	290	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,015	2,845	3,170	4.5	4.4	4.6
Filipino	2,020	875	1,135	1.5	1.4	1.6
French Canadian	2,130	1,055	1,075	1.6	1.6	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,215	1,120	1,095	1.6	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,465	665	800	1.1	1.0	1.1
Métis	1,255	550	710	0.9	0.8	1.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,795	865	930	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	2,440	1,115	1,325	1.8	1.7	1.9
Norwegian	705	330	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Welsh	2,600	1,150	1,455	1.9	1.8	2.1
Portuguese	940	475	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	1,985	895	1,090	1.5	1.4	1.6
Spanish	1,550	700	850	1.2	1.1	1.2
Swedish	760	315	450	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hungarian	2,290	1,115	1,170	1.7	1.7	1.7
Acadian	360	145	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	785	355	430	0.6	0.5	0.6
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,240	600	635	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jewish	535	320	215	0.4	0.5	0.3
Punjabi	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	665	320	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	935	475	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Greek	1,040	520	520	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jamaican	1,545	735	810	1.2	1.1	1.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	400	230	170	0.3	0.4	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	635	320	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	705	335	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	310	190	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	190	100	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	605	310	300	0.5	0.5	0.4
Danish	735	375	365	0.5	0.6	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	720	335	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sikh	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austrian	765	380	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	375	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	160	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	460	225	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	1,350	685	665	1.0	1.1	1.0
Swiss	505	275	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	505	210	295	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	785	360	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	330	135	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	225	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	330	175	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	280	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	325	170	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	605	260	350	0.5	0.4	0.5
Tamil	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	820	410	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Moroccan	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	435	175	260	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	265	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	295	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	510	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ojibway	255	150	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	270	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	690	350	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	410	260	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
Turkish	340	190	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigerian	265	120	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	635	295	340	0.5	0.5	0.5
Slovak	690	340	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	305	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	170	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	130	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	480	250	230	0.4	0.4	0.3
African Caribbean	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	185	115	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algonquin	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lithuanian	295	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	200	100	105	0.1	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	230	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	400	215	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Peruvian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	190	115	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	325	185	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	195	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovenian	565	245	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Canadian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	265	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	265	155	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
African American	260	155	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	225	90	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	165	95	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	185	105	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	215	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	160	90	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	225	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	325	170	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ilocano	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	190	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	205	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dominican	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	535	245	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	60	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cherokee	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yemeni	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	134,335	64,735	69,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	865	380	480	0.6	0.6	0.7
Christian	78,270	35,830	42,445	58.3	55.3	61.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	12,610	6,025	6,585	9.4	9.3	9.5
Anabaptist	1,630	780	850	1.2	1.2	1.2
Anglican	8,010	3,490	4,520	6.0	5.4	6.5
Baptist	1,605	720	880	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	34,770	16,150	18,625	25.9	24.9	26.8
Christian Orthodox	1,780	810	970	1.3	1.3	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	565	235	330	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	215	85	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	1,450	670	780	1.1	1.0	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	515	215	300	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,545	690	855	1.2	1.1	1.2
Presbyterian	2,545	1,145	1,405	1.9	1.8	2.0
Reformed	1,150	570	580	0.9	0.9	0.8
United Church	5,450	2,240	3,210	4.1	3.5	4.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,435	2,005	2,435	3.3	3.1	3.5
Hindu	775	460	315	0.6	0.7	0.5
Jewish	445	190	260	0.3	0.3	0.4
Muslim	4,535	2,270	2,265	3.4	3.5	3.3
Sikh	230	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	915	385	530	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	48,235	25,085	23,150	35.9	38.8	33.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	133,135	64,180	68,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	117,050	56,405	60,645	87.9	87.9	87.9
Movers	16,090	7,780	8,310	12.1	12.1	12.1
Non-migrants	8,940	4,260	4,680	6.7	6.6	6.8
Migrants	7,150	3,520	3,630	5.4	5.5	5.3
Internal migrants	6,445	3,125	3,325	4.8	4.9	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	6,040	2,935	3,105	4.5	4.6	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	405	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
External migrants	700	395	305	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	128,210	61,625	66,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	79,285	37,850	41,425	61.8	61.4	62.2
Movers	48,925	23,770	25,155	38.2	38.6	37.8
Non-migrants	22,100	10,660	11,435	17.2	17.3	17.2
Migrants	26,825	13,110	13,715	20.9	21.3	20.6
Internal migrants	21,905	10,590	11,315	17.1	17.2	17.0
Intraprovincial migrants	20,290	9,790	10,500	15.8	15.9	15.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,620	795	820	1.3	1.3	1.2
External migrants	4,925	2,520	2,400	3.8	4.1	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,005	54,825	60,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,990	10,105	9,885	17.4	18.4	16.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	95,020	44,720	50,295	82.6	81.6	83.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,690	33,645	36,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,980	3,865	3,115	10.0	11.5	8.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,710	29,770	32,935	90.0	88.5	91.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	115,005	54,820	60,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,880	8,865	9,005	15.5	16.2	15.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,115	17,490	18,625	31.4	31.9	30.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,010	28,465	32,545	53.0	51.9	54.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,590	17,185	18,405	30.9	31.3	30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,540	5,195	2,345	6.6	9.5	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,575	2,035	1,545	3.1	3.7	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,960	3,155	805	3.4	5.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,940	11,155	14,790	22.6	20.3	24.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,105	840	1,270	1.8	1.5	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,420	11,280	14,140	22.1	20.6	23.5
Bachelor's degree	17,075	7,295	9,780	14.8	13.3	16.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,615	750	860	1.4	1.4	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	385	240	0.5	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	5,175	2,300	2,880	4.5	4.2	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	930	550	380	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,695	33,640	36,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,095	3,370	2,725	8.7	10.0	7.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,240	10,555	9,680	29.0	31.4	26.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,360	19,710	23,645	62.2	58.6	65.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,660	11,780	12,875	35.4	35.0	35.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,535	3,035	1,500	6.5	9.0	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,255	1,265	995	3.2	3.8	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,280	1,775	510	3.3	5.3	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,825	8,215	10,610	27.0	24.4	29.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,300	535	765	1.9	1.6	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,700	7,930	10,770	26.8	23.6	29.9
Bachelor's degree	12,545	5,270	7,270	18.0	15.7	20.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,195	525	670	1.7	1.6	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410	225	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	3,905	1,545	2,360	5.6	4.6	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	640	355	290	0.9	1.1	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	115,005	54,825	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	53,990	26,360	27,630	46.9	48.1	45.9
Education	4,225	1,045	3,180	3.7	1.9	5.3
13. Education	4,225	1,045	3,180	3.7	1.9	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,525	1,200	1,330	2.2	2.2	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	205	140	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,325	1,055	1,270	2.0	1.9	2.1
Humanities	3,645	1,490	2,155	3.2	2.7	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	390	65	320	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	825	250	575	0.7	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	875	320	560	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	305	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	405	275	130	0.4	0.5	0.2
54. History	495	325	175	0.4	0.6	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	210	30	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,675	2,405	5,270	6.7	4.4	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	880	375	505	0.8	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,750	145	1,605	1.5	0.3	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	760	275	485	0.7	0.5	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	225	75	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,425	310	1,120	1.2	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	2,555	1,210	1,345	2.2	2.2	2.2
Business, management and public administration	11,475	4,665	6,810	10.0	8.5	11.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,245	285	960	1.1	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,200	4,355	5,845	8.9	7.9	9.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,240	1,135	1,110	1.9	2.1	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	955	375	575	0.8	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	235	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	670	485	185	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,020	1,350	670	1.8	2.5	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,540	1,110	425	1.3	2.0	0.7
25. Library science	90	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	325	180	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,745	10,055	695	9.3	18.3	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	350	270	80	0.3	0.5	0.1
14. Engineering	1,625	1,350	275	1.4	2.5	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,840	2,650	195	2.5	4.8	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,085	2,035	45	1.8	3.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,110	2,075	30	1.8	3.8	0.0
48. Precision production	1,740	1,670	70	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,250	660	590	1.1	1.2	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	870	445	425	0.8	0.8	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	385	215	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	10,665	2,230	8,435	9.3	4.1	14.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,140	605	535	1.0	1.1	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,280	1,485	7,785	8.1	2.7	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,510	2,220	2,285	3.9	4.0	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,625	825	1,810	2.3	1.5	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,320	905	420	1.1	1.7	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	530	470	60	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,690	33,640	36,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,330	13,930	12,405	37.8	41.4	34.4
Education	2,705	625	2,080	3.9	1.9	5.8
13. Education	2,705	625	2,080	3.9	1.9	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,890	885	1,005	2.7	2.6	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	65	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,780	815	965	2.6	2.4	2.7
Humanities	2,420	985	1,440	3.5	2.9	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	270	40	230	0.4	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	515	160	355	0.7	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	650	220	430	0.9	0.7	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	200	65	0.4	0.6	0.2
54. History	290	185	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	145	25	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,780	1,755	4,025	8.3	5.2	11.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	715	305	410	1.0	0.9	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,395	125	1,270	2.0	0.4	3.5
22. Legal professions and studies	585	190	395	0.8	0.6	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	970	215	760	1.4	0.6	2.1
45. Social sciences	1,915	855	1,060	2.7	2.5	2.9
Business, management and public administration	8,435	3,240	5,200	12.1	9.6	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,010	190	825	1.4	0.6	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,410	3,040	4,370	10.6	9.0	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,490	665	825	2.1	2.0	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	660	235	425	0.9	0.7	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	145	200	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	400	270	130	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,630	1,125	505	2.3	3.3	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,305	955	345	1.9	2.8	1.0
25. Library science	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	230	135	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,145	6,600	550	10.3	19.6	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	235	175	60	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,190	945	240	1.7	2.8	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,975	1,825	150	2.8	5.4	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,315	1,285	30	1.9	3.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,420	1,400	20	2.0	4.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,015	965	45	1.5	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	940	470	470	1.3	1.4	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	300	340	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	300	170	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	7,630	1,685	5,945	10.9	5.0	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	890	470	420	1.3	1.4	1.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,565	1,135	5,425	9.4	3.4	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,285	1,685	1,600	4.7	5.0	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,835	625	1,210	2.6	1.9	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,065	715	350	1.5	2.1	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	360	320	40	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	69,690	33,640	36,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,330	13,930	12,405	37.8	41.4	34.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,360	19,715	23,650	62.2	58.6	65.6
Location of study inside Canada	36,520	16,725	19,795	52.4	49.7	54.9
Same as province or territory of residence	34,960	15,960	19,000	50.2	47.4	52.7
Different than province or territory of residence	1,560	765	790	2.2	2.3	2.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,845	2,990	3,855	9.8	8.9	10.7
Americas	2,715	1,240	1,475	3.9	3.7	4.1
United States of America	1,710	795	915	2.5	2.4	2.5
Mexico	95	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	150	55	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Colombia	300	145	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Peru	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	235	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	1,275	635	640	1.8	1.9	1.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	45	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	485	250	230	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	510	205	295	0.7	0.6	0.8
Nigeria	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	205	70	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
Asia	2,230	870	1,360	3.2	2.6	3.8
Iran⁸⁸	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	280	110	175	0.4	0.3	0.5
Taiwan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	165	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	540	175	365	0.8	0.5	1.0
Viet Nam	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	480	230	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	190	80	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Asia	195	45	150	0.3	0.1	0.4
Oceania	115	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	110	35	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	115,005	54,820	60,180	...	...	...
In the labour force	67,120	34,290	32,830	...	...	...
Employed	56,490	29,205	27,285	...	...	...
Unemployed	10,630	5,080	5,545	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	47,885	20,535	27,350	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.4	62.6	54.6	58.4	62.6	54.6
Employment rate	49.1	53.3	45.3	49.1	53.3	45.3
Unemployment rate	15.8	14.8	16.9	15.8	14.8	16.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	115,005	54,825	60,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,760	20,725	27,035	41.5	37.8	44.9
Worked	67,245	34,095	33,145	58.5	62.2	55.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,485	18,045	14,440	28.2	32.9	24.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,760	16,050	18,710	30.2	29.3	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.7	38.9	39.8	40.7	38.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	67,120	34,290	32,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045	1,085	955	3.0	3.2	2.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	65,075	33,200	31,875	97.0	96.8	97.1
Employee	56,505	28,095	28,405	84.2	81.9	86.5
Permanent position	48,280	24,110	24,175	71.9	70.3	73.6
Temporary position	8,220	3,990	4,235	12.2	11.6	12.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,525	1,115	1,410	3.8	3.3	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,700	2,875	2,825	8.5	8.4	8.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,570	5,105	3,470	12.8	14.9	10.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	67,120	34,290	32,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045	1,085	955	3.0	3.2	2.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	65,075	33,200	31,875	97.0	96.8	97.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	575	410	165	0.9	1.2	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,290	2,905	6,385	13.8	8.5	19.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,655	2,895	760	5.4	8.4	2.3
3 Health occupations	5,780	1,195	4,585	8.6	3.5	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,750	2,550	5,205	11.5	7.4	15.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,905	940	965	2.8	2.7	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	20,410	8,785	11,625	30.4	25.6	35.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,900	9,920	980	16.2	28.9	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,620	1,150	470	2.4	3.4	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,195	2,455	740	4.8	7.2	2.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	67,120	34,290	32,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,045	1,085	955	3.0	3.2	2.9
All industries¹⁹¹	65,075	33,200	31,875	97.0	96.8	97.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,445	855	595	2.2	2.5	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	75	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	425	335	90	0.6	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	5,020	4,400	620	7.5	12.8	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	5,685	4,265	1,415	8.5	12.4	4.3
41 Wholesale trade	2,240	1,440	795	3.3	4.2	2.4
44-45 Retail trade	9,135	4,330	4,805	13.6	12.6	14.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,810	2,165	650	4.2	6.3	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	900	600	295	1.3	1.7	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	2,075	860	1,210	3.1	2.5	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,240	670	575	1.8	2.0	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,095	2,210	1,885	6.1	6.4	5.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,495	1,995	1,500	5.2	5.8	4.6
61 Educational services	5,055	1,615	3,445	7.5	4.7	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	9,185	1,730	7,455	13.7	5.0	22.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,425	775	655	2.1	2.3	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	5,305	2,260	3,045	7.9	6.6	9.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,765	1,215	1,545	4.1	3.5	4.7
91 Public administration	2,615	1,400	1,215	3.9	4.1	3.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	72,330	36,590	35,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,615	35,370	34,245	96.2	96.7	95.8
French	165	55	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	220	125	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	220	125	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	915	380	545	1.3	1.0	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,305	600	710	1.8	1.6	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	72,330	36,590	35,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,995	36,460	35,530	99.5	99.6	99.4
Official languages	71,605	36,255	35,350	99.0	99.1	98.9
English	71,290	36,150	35,135	98.6	98.8	98.3
French	320	105	210	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official languages	390	205	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	390	205	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	195	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	330	130	205	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and French	110	30	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	220	100	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	72,330	36,590	35,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	70,300	35,665	34,635	97.2	97.5	96.9
English	320	125	200	0.4	0.3	0.6
French	660	300	360	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	860	400	460	1.2	1.1	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	850	400	450	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	95	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,490	29,210	27,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	11,620	5,040	6,585	20.6	17.3	24.1
Worked outside Canada	240	185	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
No fixed workplace address	6,735	4,935	1,795	11.9	16.9	6.6
Usual place of work	37,900	19,045	18,850	67.1	65.2	69.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,895	19,045	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,575	10,255	12,320	59.6	53.8	65.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,025	5,790	5,235	29.1	30.4	27.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,245	2,955	1,290	11.2	15.5	6.8
Commute to a different province or territory	60	50	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,635	23,985	20,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,200	21,755	18,445	90.1	90.7	89.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,610	20,205	16,405	82.0	84.2	79.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,590	1,550	2,035	8.0	6.5	9.9
Public transit	1,360	570	790	3.0	2.4	3.8
Walked	1,825	965	860	4.1	4.0	4.2
Bicycle	355	295	65	0.8	1.2	0.3
Other method	895	405	490	2.0	1.7	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,635	23,985	20,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,475	8,630	9,845	41.4	36.0	47.7
15 to 29 minutes	16,450	8,900	7,550	36.9	37.1	36.6
30 to 44 minutes	5,525	3,510	2,015	12.4	14.6	9.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,660	1,095	560	3.7	4.6	2.7
60 minutes and over	2,520	1,850	670	5.6	7.7	3.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,635	23,985	20,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,300	2,235	1,070	7.4	9.3	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,705	4,910	2,795	17.3	20.5	13.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,310	5,725	4,585	23.1	23.9	22.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,635	4,245	5,390	21.6	17.7	26.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,370	2,885	3,490	14.3	12.0	16.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,310	3,990	3,320	16.4	16.6	16.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,915	12,230	11,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,050	1,020	1,035	8.6	8.3	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,860	11,215	10,645	91.4	91.7	91.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,325	8,875	8,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,600	805	795	9.2	9.1	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,000	475	520	5.8	5.4	6.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	600	330	275	3.5	3.7	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,730	8,070	7,660	90.8	90.9	90.6

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 18, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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