Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	St. John'sMore information: Newfoundland and Labrador [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	185,565	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	181,955^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	86,189	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	79,537	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,042.5	...	...	1,042.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	178.00	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	185,575	90,020	95,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	26,910	13,825	13,085	14.5	15.4	13.7
0 to 4 years	7,870	4,075	3,800	4.2	4.5	4.0
5 to 9 years	9,130	4,660	4,470	4.9	5.2	4.7
10 to 14 years	9,910	5,090	4,815	5.3	5.7	5.0
15 to 64 years	124,595	61,135	63,465	67.1	67.9	66.4
15 to 19 years	9,695	4,970	4,720	5.2	5.5	4.9
20 to 24 years	12,320	6,360	5,965	6.6	7.1	6.2
25 to 29 years	12,360	6,190	6,170	6.7	6.9	6.5
30 to 34 years	13,115	6,495	6,615	7.1	7.2	6.9
35 to 39 years	13,110	6,515	6,595	7.1	7.2	6.9
40 to 44 years	12,685	6,085	6,605	6.8	6.8	6.9
45 to 49 years	12,400	6,035	6,365	6.7	6.7	6.7
50 to 54 years	12,785	6,110	6,670	6.9	6.8	7.0
55 to 59 years	13,460	6,320	7,145	7.3	7.0	7.5
60 to 64 years	12,670	6,055	6,615	6.8	6.7	6.9
65 years and over	34,070	15,055	19,015	18.4	16.7	19.9
65 to 69 years	11,160	5,245	5,915	6.0	5.8	6.2
70 to 74 years	9,310	4,215	5,090	5.0	4.7	5.3
75 to 79 years	6,375	2,850	3,520	3.4	3.2	3.7
80 to 84 years	3,900	1,640	2,260	2.1	1.8	2.4
85 years and over	3,325	1,100	2,220	1.8	1.2	2.3
85 to 89 years	2,090	790	1,300	1.1	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	925	245	680	0.5	0.3	0.7
95 to 99 years	280	60	220	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.4	13.7	14.5	15.4	13.7
15 to 64 years	67.1	67.9	66.4	67.1	67.9	66.4
65 years and over	18.4	16.7	19.9	18.4	16.7	19.9
85 years and over	1.8	1.2	2.3	1.8	1.2	2.3
Average age of the population	42.1	40.9	43.3	42.1	40.9	43.3
Median age of the population	42.0	40.4	43.6	42.0	40.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	79,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	40,200	...	...	50.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,970	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	6,205	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,230	...	...	26.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,135	...	...	9.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	545	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	150	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	95	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	79,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	23,460	...	...	29.5	...	...
2 persons	28,775	...	...	36.2	...	...
3 persons	13,260	...	...	16.7	...	...
4 persons	10,345	...	...	13.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,700	...	...	4.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	181,995	88,210	93,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	158,665	76,190	82,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	87,790	43,785	44,005	55.3	57.5	53.4
Married	69,370	34,600	34,770	43.7	45.4	42.2
Living common-law	18,420	9,185	9,235	11.6	12.1	11.2
Living common law - Never married	14,470	7,150	7,320	9.1	9.4	8.9
Living common law - Separated	505	280	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	3,115	1,615	1,505	2.0	2.1	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	330	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	70,875	32,405	38,470	44.7	42.5	46.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	48,760	25,510	23,245	30.7	33.5	28.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,620	1,465	2,150	2.3	1.9	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,735	3,605	6,135	6.1	4.7	7.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,760	1,825	6,930	5.5	2.4	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	52,595	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	28,415	...	...	54.0	...	...
3 persons	12,205	...	...	23.2	...	...
4 persons	9,460	...	...	18.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,510	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	52,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	43,155	...	...	82.1	...	...
Married couples	33,945	...	...	64.5	...	...
With children⁶	17,630	...	...	33.5	...	...
Without children	16,315	...	...	31.0	...	...
Common-law couples	9,210	...	...	17.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,185	...	...	6.1	...	...
Without children	6,030	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	9,440	...	...	18.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	7,520	...	...	14.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,915	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	181,995	88,210	93,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	144,525	70,965	73,555	79.4	80.5	78.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	86,310	43,080	43,235	47.4	48.8	46.1
Parents in one-parent families	9,440	1,915	7,525	5.2	2.2	8.0
Children⁶	48,775	25,970	22,805	26.8	29.4	24.3
In a two-parent family	35,060	18,605	16,460	19.3	21.1	17.5
In a one-parent family	13,715	7,370	6,345	7.5	8.4	6.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	37,475	17,245	20,230	20.6	19.5	21.6
Living alone	23,460	9,820	13,645	12.9	11.1	14.5
Living with other relatives⁷	4,335	1,815	2,520	2.4	2.1	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	9,670	5,610	4,060	5.3	6.4	4.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	79,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	47,805	...	...	60.1	...	...
Couple-family households	40,010	...	...	50.3	...	...
With children⁶	19,430	...	...	24.4	...	...
Without children	20,580	...	...	25.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	7,790	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,585	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	260	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,985	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,440	...	...	5.6	...	...
One-person households	23,460	...	...	29.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	155,110	74,400	80,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	149,760	71,685	78,080	96.6	96.4	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	46,800	39,200	42,400	46,800	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	149,805	71,705	78,105	96.6	96.4	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	40,400	35,200	37,600	40,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	131,530	64,085	67,445	84.8	86.1	83.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	33,600	38,400	43,600	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	109,650	54,830	54,820	70.7	73.7	67.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	35,600	39,600	44,400	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	116,990	51,585	65,405	75.4	69.3	81.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,400	11,800	11,200	11,400	11,800	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,510	10,900	9,610	13.2	14.7	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,280	5,920	6,000	6,280	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	41,225	20,535	20,690	26.6	27.6	25.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	155,015	74,355	80,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	149,645	71,685	77,965	96.5	96.4	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,900	63,700	48,800	55,900	63,700	48,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	149,710	71,710	77,995	96.6	96.4	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080	50,040	40,520	45,080	50,040	40,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	131,455	63,905	67,550	84.8	85.9	83.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,900	61,650	44,600	52,900	61,650	44,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	109,485	54,620	54,865	70.6	73.5	68.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	60,550	44,600	52,550	60,550	44,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	116,820	51,595	65,225	75.4	69.4	80.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,110	12,110	12,110	12,110	12,110	12,110
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,555	10,770	9,785	13.3	14.5	12.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,020	7,950	8,100	8,020	7,950	8,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,760	20,250	20,505	26.3	27.2	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,910	8,930	8,920	8,910	8,930
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	155,015	74,350	80,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	54,400	27,795	26,605	35.1	37.4	33.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,500	72,500	59,200	65,500	72,500	59,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,700	89,800	69,200	79,700	89,800	69,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	41,240	20,170	21,070	26.6	27.1	26.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	19,400	15,500	17,000	19,400	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,240	34,400	24,320	29,240	34,400	24,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	86.4	79.2	83.0	86.4	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	72.4	64.4	68.8	72.4	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.9	13.7	20.8	16.9	13.7	20.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.9	2.1	2.0	1.9	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.3	5.6	4.9	4.3	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.4	4.0	4.8	4.4	4.0	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	155,110	74,405	80,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	5,350	2,720	2,630	3.4	3.7	3.3
With total income	149,760	71,680	78,075	96.6	96.3	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,945	4,995	5,945	7.3	7.0	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	17,070	7,175	9,895	11.4	10.0	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	23,055	9,990	13,060	15.4	13.9	16.7
$30,000 to $39,999	19,325	8,435	10,895	12.9	11.8	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	17,565	7,660	9,905	11.7	10.7	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	13,665	6,170	7,495	9.1	8.6	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	10,630	5,245	5,385	7.1	7.3	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	8,250	4,340	3,905	5.5	6.1	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	6,690	3,580	3,110	4.5	5.0	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	5,555	2,760	2,795	3.7	3.9	3.6
$100,000 and over	17,005	11,325	5,680	11.4	15.8	7.3
$100,000 to $149,999	11,050	6,950	4,100	7.4	9.7	5.3
$150,000 and over	5,950	4,375	1,575	4.0	6.1	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	155,110	74,405	80,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	5,305	2,695	2,605	3.4	3.6	3.2
With after-tax income	149,805	71,705	78,100	96.6	96.4	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	11,620	5,160	6,460	7.8	7.2	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	17,845	7,595	10,250	11.9	10.6	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	27,765	12,200	15,565	18.5	17.0	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	23,530	10,340	13,190	15.7	14.4	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	20,095	9,055	11,040	13.4	12.6	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	14,670	7,290	7,380	9.8	10.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	10,440	5,460	4,985	7.0	7.6	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	7,965	4,050	3,920	5.3	5.6	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,740	2,740	2,000	3.2	3.8	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,015	1,960	1,055	2.0	2.7	1.4
$100,000 and over	8,115	5,865	2,255	5.4	8.2	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,910	2,785	1,130	2.6	3.9	1.4
$125,000 and over	4,210	3,080	1,125	2.8	4.3	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	155,110	74,405	80,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	45,460	19,570	25,890	29.3	26.3	32.1
With employment income	109,650	54,835	54,815	70.7	73.7	67.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,840	7,275	8,560	14.4	13.3	15.6
$5,000 to $9,999	8,415	3,850	4,560	7.7	7.0	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	12,165	5,720	6,445	11.1	10.4	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,610	4,470	5,140	8.8	8.2	9.4
$30,000 to $39,999	9,040	4,110	4,930	8.2	7.5	9.0
$40,000 to $49,999	9,520	4,265	5,250	8.7	7.8	9.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,340	3,810	4,530	7.6	6.9	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,050	3,655	3,395	6.4	6.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,995	3,195	2,800	5.5	5.8	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	5,300	2,820	2,485	4.8	5.1	4.5
$90,000 to $99,999	4,655	2,255	2,400	4.2	4.1	4.4
$100,000 and over	13,720	9,400	4,320	12.5	17.1	7.9
$100,000 to $124,999	5,990	3,690	2,295	5.5	6.7	4.2
$125,000 and over	7,735	5,715	2,020	7.1	10.4	3.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	155,110	74,400	80,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	146,805	70,100	76,700	94.6	94.2	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	46,800	36,800	41,200	46,800	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	146,920	70,125	76,795	94.7	94.3	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	32,800	36,400	40,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	130,275	63,400	66,880	84.0	85.2	82.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	46,000	34,400	39,600	46,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	110,405	55,060	55,345	71.2	74.0	68.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	35,600	40,400	46,800	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,855	43,925	58,930	66.3	59.0	73.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,900	7,950	7,850	7,900	7,950	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	17,540	9,145	8,400	11.3	12.3	10.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,850	6,950	6,800	6,850	6,950	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	155,015	74,355	80,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	146,800	70,070	76,725	94.7	94.2	95.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,900	64,100	46,480	54,900	64,100	46,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	146,880	70,080	76,800	94.8	94.3	95.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	49,560	38,360	43,720	49,560	38,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	130,430	63,250	67,175	84.1	85.1	83.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,450	64,600	44,840	54,450	64,600	44,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	110,675	55,015	55,660	71.4	74.0	69.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,800	62,850	44,800	53,800	62,850	44,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,760	43,920	58,840	66.3	59.1	72.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,290	9,160	9,380	9,290	9,160	9,380
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,545	9,085	8,465	11.3	12.2	10.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,680	8,470	8,900	8,680	8,470	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	155,015	74,350	80,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	54,120	27,620	26,505	34.9	37.1	32.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	71,000	55,600	62,400	71,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,000	87,500	66,000	77,000	87,500	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	38,645	18,875	19,765	24.9	25.4	24.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	26,000	20,000	22,600	26,000	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,800	44,200	29,760	36,800	44,200	29,760
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	91.0	84.6	88.2	91.0	84.6
Employment income (%)	73.8	77.0	70.0	73.8	77.0	70.0
Government transfers (%)	11.8	9.0	15.5	11.8	9.0	15.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.9	1.7	2.1	1.9	1.7	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	79,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	23,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	56,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	79,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,900	...	...	84,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	23,525	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,680	...	...	50,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,880	...	...	41,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	56,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,900	...	...	102,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	79,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	575	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	710	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,340	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,515	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,335	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,920	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,875	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,125	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,115	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,010	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,640	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,320	...	...	6.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,020	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,750	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,290	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	32,000	...	...	40.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,855	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,710	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,425	...	...	10.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,010	...	...	10.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	79,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	630	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	725	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,355	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,590	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,700	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,485	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,365	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,780	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,825	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,455	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,755	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,465	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,005	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,330	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,625	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,445	...	...	30.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	9,085	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,080	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,280	...	...	11.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	52,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	21,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	33,135	15,425	17,705	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	35,200	35,600	35,600	35,200	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,000	32,800	32,400	32,000	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	52,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,200	...	...	130,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	114,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,700	...	...	91,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	170,400	...	...	170,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,600	...	...	133,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,400	...	...	65,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	33,235	15,260	17,970	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,720	46,680	44,920	45,720	46,680	44,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,280	38,560	38,040	38,280	38,560	38,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	181,995	88,210	93,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,560	16,745	15,815	17.9	19.0	16.9
0 to 5 years	9,690	4,990	4,700	5.3	5.7	5.0
18 to 64 years	117,565	57,160	60,400	64.6	64.8	64.4
65 years and over	31,870	14,305	17,570	17.5	16.2	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	21,385	9,670	11,710	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,595	2,405	2,190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,530	815	715	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	12,390	5,685	6,700	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,395	1,575	2,820	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.0	12.5	11.8	11.0	12.5
0 to 17 years (%)	14.1	14.4	13.9	14.1	14.4	13.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	16.3	15.2	15.8	16.3	15.2
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.0	11.1	10.5	10.0	11.1
65 years and over (%)	13.8	11.0	16.0	13.8	11.0	16.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	181,995	88,210	93,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	32,565	16,740	15,820	17.9	19.0	16.9
0 to 5 years	9,685	4,985	4,700	5.3	5.7	5.0
18 to 64 years	117,565	57,165	60,400	64.6	64.8	64.4
65 years and over	31,875	14,300	17,570	17.5	16.2	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	9,535	4,840	4,695	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,595	845	755	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	535	285	250	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,455	3,815	3,640	...	...	...
65 years and over	485	185	300	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.2	5.5	5.0	5.2	5.5	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.9	5.0	4.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.5	5.6	5.4	5.5	5.6	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	6.3	6.7	6.0	6.3	6.7	6.0
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	182,000	88,210	93,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	88,535	41,500	47,035	48.6	47.0	50.2
In bottom decile	20,285	9,700	10,585	11.1	11.0	11.3
In second decile	17,785	8,030	9,755	9.8	9.1	10.4
In third decile	16,830	7,725	9,100	9.2	8.8	9.7
In fourth decile	16,775	7,895	8,885	9.2	9.0	9.5
In fifth decile	16,870	8,155	8,715	9.3	9.2	9.3
In top half of the distribution	93,455	46,710	46,750	51.3	53.0	49.8
In sixth decile	17,655	8,655	9,005	9.7	9.8	9.6
In seventh decile	18,515	9,225	9,295	10.2	10.5	9.9
In eighth decile	19,240	9,555	9,685	10.6	10.8	10.3
In ninth decile	19,600	9,875	9,725	10.8	11.2	10.4
In top decile	18,445	9,400	9,045	10.1	10.7	9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	181,995	...	...	181,995	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.344	...	...	0.344	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.453	...	...	0.453	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.296	...	...	0.296	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	182,945	88,665	94,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	167,070	82,205	84,860	91.3	92.7	90.0
French only	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	15,220	6,125	9,100	8.3	6.9	9.7
Neither English nor French	600	305	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	182,945	88,665	94,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	181,285	87,840	93,445	99.1	99.1	99.1
French	905	450	450	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	215	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	540	270	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	182,945	88,665	94,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	180,960	87,650	93,315	98.9	98.9	99.0
Official languages	173,050	83,385	89,670	94.6	94.0	95.1
English	172,185	82,955	89,230	94.1	93.6	94.6
French	870	430	435	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	7,910	4,265	3,645	4.3	4.8	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,885	4,250	3,630	4.3	4.8	3.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,560	855	700	0.9	1.0	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,495	825	670	0.8	0.9	0.7
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,285	725	560	0.7	0.8	0.6
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	635	270	365	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	535	225	310	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	265	150	120	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,520	2,015	1,505	1.9	2.3	1.6
Albanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	370	190	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	365	185	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	320	180	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	25	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,000	1,215	785	1.1	1.4	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	990	580	0.9	1.1	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	540	350	190	0.3	0.4	0.2
Gujarati	125	90	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	190	120	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	350	205	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	55	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	205	120	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	430	225	200	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	365	190	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	320	170	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	740	375	360	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	470	235	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	365	195	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	55	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,065	535	530	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	1,040	520	515	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	755	370	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,980	1,010	975	1.1	1.1	1.0
English and French	515	225	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,260	680	580	0.7	0.8	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	182,945	88,665	94,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	172,565	83,320	89,240	94.3	94.0	94.6
French	220	90	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,120	1,140	985	1.2	1.3	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,120	1,135	980	1.2	1.3	1.0
English and French	1,395	590	805	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	6,150	3,265	2,885	3.4	3.7	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	320	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	182,945	88,665	94,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	181,370	87,860	93,510	99.1	99.1	99.2
Official languages	176,970	85,525	91,450	96.7	96.5	97.0
English	176,585	85,345	91,235	96.5	96.3	96.8
French	385	175	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,400	2,335	2,065	2.4	2.6	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,395	2,340	2,060	2.4	2.6	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,045	535	505	0.6	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,000	515	485	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	875	460	415	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	335	150	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	125	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,795	1,005	790	1.0	1.1	0.8
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,225	715	515	0.7	0.8	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	890	540	355	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	300	185	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	60	50	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	85	50	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	230	135	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	330	170	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	280	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	250	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	315	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	220	115	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	85	50	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	665	340	325	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	650	335	320	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	510	260	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,575	800	775	0.9	0.9	0.8
English and French	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,335	685	655	0.7	0.8	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	182,945	88,660	94,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	176,220	85,230	90,990	96.3	96.1	96.5
English	1,960	1,020	945	1.1	1.2	1.0
French	1,140	465	670	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	2,705	1,430	1,275	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,655	1,405	1,250	1.5	1.6	1.3
English and French	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	290	160	130	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	410	245	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	181,890	88,145	93,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	181,280	87,800	93,480	99.7	99.6	99.7
English	181,215	87,765	93,445	99.6	99.6	99.7
French	15,270	6,260	9,010	8.4	7.1	9.6
Non-official languages	13,110	6,815	6,300	7.2	7.7	6.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,015	6,765	6,245	7.2	7.7	6.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,160	1,260	900	1.2	1.4	1.0
Berber languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,100	1,220	880	1.2	1.4	0.9
Amharic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,765	1,030	740	1.0	1.2	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	230	135	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	985	410	575	0.5	0.5	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	790	315	475	0.4	0.4	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	185	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sango	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	430	225	205	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	240	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	75	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,590	3,540	3,050	3.6	4.0	3.3
Albanian	60	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	680	380	305	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	670	380	290	0.4	0.4	0.3
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	390	210	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	45	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,100	560	530	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	750	375	375	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	740	370	370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	215	145	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,865	1,695	1,170	1.6	1.9	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	2,360	1,445	910	1.3	1.6	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	775	480	285	0.4	0.5	0.3
Gujarati	240	200	35	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hindi	1,095	755	340	0.6	0.9	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	620	370	250	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	375	200	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	520	255	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	70	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	470	225	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	420	210	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,135	1,020	1,120	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catalan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	375	210	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	300	135	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	90	50	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,480	670	810	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	970	510	465	0.5	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	180	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	235	120	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	510	200	305	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	495	190	305	0.3	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,295	690	610	0.7	0.8	0.7
Chinese languages	1,250	670	590	0.7	0.8	0.6
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,010	540	465	0.6	0.6	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	181,890	88,145	93,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,195	2,870	3,325	3.4	3.3	3.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,760	2,670	3,090	3.2	3.0	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,820	1,790	2,035	2.1	2.0	2.2
Métis	1,160	505	650	0.6	0.6	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	780	375	405	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	355	175	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	175,690	85,275	90,420	96.6	96.7	96.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	181,890	88,145	93,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,205	1,085	1,120	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	179,690	87,060	92,630	98.8	98.8	98.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	53,375	...	...	67.1	...	...
Renter	26,155	...	...	32.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,865	...	...	4.9	...	...
Not condominium	75,660	...	...	95.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,730	...	...	8.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,655	...	...	22.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	33,135	...	...	41.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	21,740	...	...	27.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,970	...	...	20.1	...	...
5 rooms	10,940	...	...	13.8	...	...
6 rooms	12,355	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	10,705	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	29,565	...	...	37.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	79,100	...	...	99.5	...	...
More than one person per room	430	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	77,865	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,665	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,520	...	...	15.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	21,725	...	...	27.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,470	...	...	14.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,990	...	...	12.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	5,825	...	...	7.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,170	...	...	9.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	7,180	...	...	9.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,645	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	76,160	...	...	95.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,365	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	39,690	...	...	49.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	37,115	...	...	46.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,725	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,075	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	11,985	...	...	15.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	14,080	...	...	17.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	14,375	...	...	18.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	15,475	...	...	19.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,270	...	...	15.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,495	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,770	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	79,280	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	63,495	...	...	80.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	15,780	...	...	19.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,490	...	...	18.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	79,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	19,695	...	...	24.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,765	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,370	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,465	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	190	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	795	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	59,835	...	...	75.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	77,985	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	7,710	...	...	9.9	...	...
Not in core need	70,275	...	...	90.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	53,340	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.8	...	...	63.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.1	...	...	13.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,380	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,434	...	...	1,434	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	304,000	...	...	304,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,155	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	19.1	...	...	19.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.9	...	...	33.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.4	...	...	22.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	996	...	...	996	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	181,895	88,145	93,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,010	1,355	1,655	1.7	1.5	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,905	1,300	1,605	1.6	1.5	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,150	970	1,180	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis single ancestry	310	125	180	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	445	195	245	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,900	3,290	3,610	3.8	3.7	3.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,715	3,220	3,495	3.7	3.7	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,165	2,500	2,665	2.8	2.8	2.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	770	355	415	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	780	365	410	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	185	65	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	171,985	83,500	88,480	94.6	94.7	94.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	181,890	88,145	93,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	173,705	83,735	89,970	95.5	95.0	96.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	31,460	16,180	15,285	17.3	18.4	16.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	142,245	67,550	74,690	78.2	76.6	79.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,185	4,410	3,780	4.5	5.0	4.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	181,890	88,145	93,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	168,685	81,165	87,515	92.7	92.1	93.4
Immigrants⁸¹	8,935	4,565	4,365	4.9	5.2	4.7
Before 1980	1,615	810	805	0.9	0.9	0.9
1980 to 1990	515	320	190	0.3	0.4	0.2
1991 to 2000	645	330	315	0.4	0.4	0.3
2001 to 2010	1,695	895	805	0.9	1.0	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,460	2,210	2,250	2.5	2.5	2.4
2011 to 2015	1,475	765	710	0.8	0.9	0.8
2016 to 2021	2,990	1,445	1,540	1.6	1.6	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,275	2,410	1,870	2.4	2.7	2.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,930	4,565	4,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	995	535	455	11.1	11.7	10.4
5 to 14 years	1,665	835	830	18.6	18.3	19.0
15 to 24 years	1,305	680	630	14.6	14.9	14.4
25 to 44 years	4,295	2,155	2,140	48.1	47.2	49.0
45 years and over	675	370	310	7.6	8.1	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,930	4,565	4,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,315	610	705	14.7	13.4	16.2
Brazil	75	30	40	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombia	120	60	65	1.3	1.3	1.5
El Salvador	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyana	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	135	55	75	1.5	1.2	1.7
Mexico	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	45	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
United States of America	685	340	345	7.7	7.4	7.9
Other places of birth in Americas	200	80	125	2.2	1.8	2.9
Europe	2,355	1,350	1,000	26.4	29.6	22.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	25	10	0.4	0.5	0.2
Croatia	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
France	130	65	65	1.5	1.4	1.5
Germany	150	85	65	1.7	1.9	1.5
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Italy	60	35	25	0.7	0.8	0.6
Netherlands	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Poland	25	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Portugal	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.6
Romania	75	35	40	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian Federation	105	50	50	1.2	1.1	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	45	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,115	650	470	12.5	14.2	10.8
Other places of birth in Europe	495	300	200	5.5	6.6	4.6
Africa	1,480	795	685	16.6	17.4	15.7
Algeria	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	70	35	35	0.8	0.8	0.8
Egypt	125	90	35	1.4	2.0	0.8
Eritrea	155	95	60	1.7	2.1	1.4
Ethiopia	75	40	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	345	175	170	3.9	3.8	3.9
Somalia	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	100	55	45	1.1	1.2	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	560	280	280	6.3	6.1	6.4
Asia	3,720	1,785	1,935	41.7	39.1	44.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	105	55	50	1.2	1.2	1.1
Iraq	110	50	60	1.2	1.1	1.4
Lebanon	65	35	30	0.7	0.8	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	450	220	225	5.0	4.8	5.2
Turkey	45	30	15	0.5	0.7	0.3
China⁹⁰	495	225	270	5.5	4.9	6.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	35	45	0.9	0.8	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	65	15	55	0.7	0.3	1.3
Taiwan	45	15	30	0.5	0.3	0.7
Philippines	780	310	475	8.7	6.8	10.9
Viet Nam	75	35	45	0.8	0.8	1.0
Bangladesh	200	115	80	2.2	2.5	1.8
India	515	300	220	5.8	6.6	5.0
Pakistan	160	65	100	1.8	1.4	2.3
Sri Lanka	70	35	30	0.8	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	445	240	210	5.0	5.3	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	70	25	40	0.8	0.5	0.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,990	1,445	1,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	300	140	160	10.0	9.7	10.4
Brazil	25	10	15	0.8	0.7	1.0
Colombia	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	105	55	50	3.5	3.8	3.2
Mexico	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
United States of America	100	50	50	3.3	3.5	3.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	10	30	1.3	0.7	1.9
Europe	240	135	110	8.0	9.3	7.1
France	30	15	15	1.0	1.0	1.0
Germany	20	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.6
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	15	1.2	1.4	1.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	15	0.8	1.0	1.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	45	15	2.2	3.1	1.0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	30	30	1.8	2.1	1.9
Africa	735	370	365	24.6	25.6	23.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	20	25	1.7	1.4	1.6
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.6
Eritrea	100	60	45	3.3	4.2	2.9
Ethiopia	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	225	120	100	7.5	8.3	6.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	1.0	1.4	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	65	35	30	2.2	2.4	1.9
Tunisia	35	15	15	1.2	1.0	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	180	80	95	6.0	5.5	6.2
Asia	1,705	800	900	57.0	55.4	58.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	70	35	30	2.3	2.4	1.9
China⁹⁰	170	70	95	5.7	4.8	6.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	200	130	65	6.7	9.0	4.2
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15	1.2	1.4	1.0
Iraq	50	15	30	1.7	1.0	1.9
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	10	0.7	1.0	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	35	0	30	1.2	0.0	1.9
Lebanon	55	30	20	1.8	2.1	1.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	80	30	45	2.7	2.1	2.9
Philippines	425	160	270	14.2	11.1	17.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	15	10	0.7	1.0	0.6
Syria⁸⁹	390	205	185	13.0	14.2	12.0
Turkey	25	20	0	0.8	1.4	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.3
Viet Nam	25	10	15	0.8	0.7	1.0
Other places of birth in Asia	70	20	50	2.3	1.4	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	181,890	88,145	93,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,305	7,510	6,795	7.9	8.5	7.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,845	4,965	4,880	5.4	5.6	5.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	157,750	75,670	82,070	86.7	85.8	87.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,315	3,755	3,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,090	2,140	1,950	55.9	57.0	54.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,930	1,205	720	26.4	32.1	20.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,160	930	1,230	29.5	24.8	34.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,560	750	810	21.3	20.0	22.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,615	830	785	22.1	22.1	22.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	35	15	0.7	0.9	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,315	3,755	3,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	160	95	70	2.2	2.5	2.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,420	755	665	19.4	20.1	18.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	360	225	135	4.9	6.0	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	960	550	410	13.1	14.6	11.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,395	2,125	2,270	60.1	56.6	63.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	181,890	88,145	93,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,085	6,380	5,705	6.6	7.2	6.1
South Asian	3,220	1,860	1,355	1.8	2.1	1.4
Chinese	1,640	850	795	0.9	1.0	0.8
Black	2,755	1,460	1,300	1.5	1.7	1.4
Filipino	1,045	450	595	0.6	0.5	0.6
Arab	1,440	850	590	0.8	1.0	0.6
Latin American	615	300	315	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	350	165	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	490	240	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	240	95	145	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	169,810	81,765	88,045	93.4	92.8	93.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	181,890	88,145	93,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	39,140	18,800	20,340	21.5	21.3	21.7
English	67,030	32,050	34,985	36.9	36.4	37.3
Irish	60,485	28,835	31,645	33.3	32.7	33.8
Scottish	14,950	7,090	7,860	8.2	8.0	8.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,170	3,830	4,340	4.5	4.3	4.6
German	3,505	1,750	1,755	1.9	2.0	1.9
Chinese	1,670	855	820	0.9	1.0	0.9
Italian	1,315	620	695	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indian (India)	1,785	1,015	765	1.0	1.2	0.8
Ukrainian	835	445	395	0.5	0.5	0.4
Dutch	910	465	450	0.5	0.5	0.5
Polish	710	365	345	0.4	0.4	0.4
Québécois	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,765	3,245	3,520	3.7	3.7	3.8
Filipino	1,055	475	585	0.6	0.5	0.6
French Canadian	265	115	145	0.1	0.1	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	9,680	4,565	5,115	5.3	5.2	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,540	755	780	0.8	0.9	0.8
Métis	1,285	570	720	0.7	0.6	0.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,665	1,830	1,835	2.0	2.1	2.0
Russian	440	225	215	0.2	0.3	0.2
Norwegian	820	420	410	0.5	0.5	0.4
Welsh	3,045	1,625	1,415	1.7	1.8	1.5
Portuguese	700	320	375	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	1,105	505	595	0.6	0.6	0.6
Spanish	675	345	325	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swedish	475	240	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungarian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	520	240	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	535	260	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	370	230	140	0.2	0.3	0.1
Punjabi	135	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	670	370	300	0.4	0.4	0.3
Greek	220	125	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	345	170	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	100	40	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	175	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanese	410	190	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	415	200	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	640	325	315	0.4	0.4	0.3
Danish	345	185	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	585	260	330	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sikh	90	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austrian	150	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	140	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	90	50	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	40	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	3,725	1,730	1,995	2.0	2.0	2.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	575	310	270	0.3	0.4	0.3
Muslim	280	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	270	175	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	90	60	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	275	165	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	130	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	11,275	5,455	5,820	6.2	6.2	6.2
Hong Konger	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	85	45	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	1,270	585	685	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bangladeshi	490	300	195	0.3	0.3	0.2
Algerian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	375	185	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	135	110	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Australian	105	40	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	105	30	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	225	100	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	230	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	345	155	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	180	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	75	55	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	110	80	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	45	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	150	120	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	210	130	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	45	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	215	90	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Breton	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	1,110	555	550	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	110	75	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	85	60	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Basque	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	181,890	88,145	93,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	325	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	135,950	63,910	72,040	74.7	72.5	76.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,325	3,095	3,230	3.5	3.5	3.4
Anabaptist	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	29,690	13,835	15,855	16.3	15.7	16.9
Baptist	575	290	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catholic	68,445	32,050	36,390	37.6	36.4	38.8
Christian Orthodox	475	275	210	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	495	230	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lutheran	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	5,490	2,680	2,810	3.0	3.0	3.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,910	1,750	2,155	2.1	2.0	2.3
Presbyterian	745	355	390	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	17,945	8,460	9,485	9.9	9.6	10.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,575	750	825	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hindu	930	550	380	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jewish	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	3,300	1,755	1,540	1.8	2.0	1.6
Sikh	505	285	220	0.3	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	610	250	365	0.3	0.3	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	40,060	21,150	18,910	22.0	24.0	20.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	180,350	87,320	93,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	159,375	77,315	82,055	88.4	88.5	88.2
Movers	20,980	10,005	10,975	11.6	11.5	11.8
Non-migrants	13,135	6,175	6,955	7.3	7.1	7.5
Migrants	7,845	3,830	4,015	4.3	4.4	4.3
Internal migrants	7,000	3,355	3,645	3.9	3.8	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	4,805	2,285	2,520	2.7	2.6	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,195	1,065	1,125	1.2	1.2	1.2
External migrants	845	475	375	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	174,060	84,140	89,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	113,705	54,895	58,810	65.3	65.2	65.4
Movers	60,360	29,250	31,110	34.7	34.8	34.6
Non-migrants	25,750	12,570	13,180	14.8	14.9	14.7
Migrants	34,610	16,680	17,930	19.9	19.8	19.9
Internal migrants	28,885	13,660	15,225	16.6	16.2	16.9
Intraprovincial migrants	22,530	10,450	12,075	12.9	12.4	13.4
Interprovincial migrants	6,360	3,210	3,150	3.7	3.8	3.5
External migrants	5,725	3,020	2,705	3.3	3.6	3.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	155,015	74,350	80,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20,395	10,560	9,840	13.2	14.2	12.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	134,620	63,800	70,820	86.8	85.8	87.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	101,190	48,630	52,565	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,855	4,505	3,350	7.8	9.3	6.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	93,335	44,125	49,210	92.2	90.7	93.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	155,015	74,355	80,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	18,800	9,540	9,250	12.1	12.8	11.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	40,950	20,665	20,285	26.4	27.8	25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	95,265	44,150	51,125	61.5	59.4	63.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	52,890	25,450	27,440	34.1	34.2	34.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,680	8,125	3,555	7.5	10.9	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,090	3,300	2,795	3.9	4.4	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,590	4,825	765	3.6	6.5	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	37,060	15,630	21,425	23.9	21.0	26.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,145	1,690	2,455	2.7	2.3	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,380	18,700	23,680	27.3	25.1	29.4
Bachelor's degree	26,935	11,615	15,315	17.4	15.6	19.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,880	955	925	1.2	1.3	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,185	575	610	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	10,370	4,280	6,090	6.7	5.8	7.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,010	1,270	740	1.3	1.7	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	101,190	48,625	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,765	3,815	2,950	6.7	7.8	5.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,955	11,095	9,855	20.7	22.8	18.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	73,475	33,715	39,755	72.6	69.3	75.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	39,955	19,375	20,585	39.5	39.8	39.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,605	6,120	2,490	8.5	12.6	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,440	2,500	1,945	4.4	5.1	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,170	3,620	545	4.1	7.4	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	28,585	12,105	16,480	28.2	24.9	31.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,765	1,155	1,615	2.7	2.4	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,515	14,340	19,170	33.1	29.5	36.5
Bachelor's degree	21,030	9,030	12,000	20.8	18.6	22.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,500	700	800	1.5	1.4	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	985	430	550	1.0	0.9	1.0
Master's degree	8,530	3,320	5,205	8.4	6.8	9.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,470	850	615	1.5	1.7	1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	155,010	74,355	80,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	59,745	30,205	29,540	38.5	40.6	36.6
Education	7,390	2,015	5,380	4.8	2.7	6.7
13. Education	7,390	2,015	5,380	4.8	2.7	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,175	1,000	1,170	1.4	1.3	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	295	235	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,880	765	1,110	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	4,390	1,815	2,575	2.8	2.4	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	350	90	260	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,210	450	765	0.8	0.6	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,040	405	635	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	185	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	375	200	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	385	215	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	495	295	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	345	70	275	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,515	2,825	5,695	5.5	3.8	7.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	175	30	150	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	250	340	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,485	115	1,360	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,185	460	725	0.8	0.6	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	95	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,680	355	1,330	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	3,320	1,585	1,735	2.1	2.1	2.2
Business, management and public administration	22,125	6,925	15,200	14.3	9.3	18.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,415	260	1,155	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20,665	6,645	14,020	13.3	8.9	17.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,860	1,920	1,940	2.5	2.6	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,740	700	1,035	1.1	0.9	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	700	350	350	0.5	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,205	815	395	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,700	2,935	1,760	3.0	3.9	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,910	2,595	1,320	2.5	3.5	1.6
25. Library science	290	40	250	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	430	245	190	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	65	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20,030	17,670	2,355	12.9	23.8	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	235	155	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	4,635	3,670	965	3.0	4.9	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,670	4,715	950	3.7	6.3	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,715	4,570	145	3.0	6.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,185	3,090	95	2.1	4.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,575	1,470	110	1.0	2.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,415	645	770	0.9	0.9	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	815	265	545	0.5	0.4	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	605	380	225	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	14,400	2,725	11,675	9.3	3.7	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	885	415	475	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,025	2,050	10,975	8.4	2.8	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	445	235	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,260	3,665	2,595	4.0	4.9	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,100	930	2,170	2.0	1.3	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,010	745	265	0.7	1.0	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,135	1,975	160	1.4	2.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	101,190	48,630	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,715	14,910	12,805	27.4	30.7	24.4
Education	4,775	1,175	3,600	4.7	2.4	6.8
13. Education	4,775	1,175	3,600	4.7	2.4	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,805	830	975	1.8	1.7	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	165	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,595	665	930	1.6	1.4	1.8
Humanities	3,135	1,300	1,835	3.1	2.7	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	255	80	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	860	315	550	0.8	0.6	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	765	290	470	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	390	250	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	230	35	195	0.2	0.1	0.4
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,895	2,125	4,770	6.8	4.4	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	155	30	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	495	210	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,270	105	1,165	1.3	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	965	315	650	1.0	0.6	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	1,305	260	1,050	1.3	0.5	2.0
45. Social sciences	2,625	1,185	1,435	2.6	2.4	2.7
Business, management and public administration	17,085	5,255	11,830	16.9	10.8	22.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,065	155	910	1.1	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,990	5,085	10,905	15.8	10.5	20.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,870	1,395	1,475	2.8	2.9	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,275	500	775	1.3	1.0	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	525	250	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	945	620	325	0.9	1.3	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,155	2,600	1,555	4.1	5.3	3.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,540	2,345	1,195	3.5	4.8	2.3
25. Library science	240	35	205	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	325	175	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,455	13,385	2,065	15.3	27.5	3.9
04. Architecture and related services	170	110	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	3,770	2,905	860	3.7	6.0	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,440	3,615	825	4.4	7.4	1.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,695	3,560	135	3.7	7.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,155	2,085	75	2.1	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,215	1,110	100	1.2	2.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,185	515	670	1.2	1.1	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	655	200	455	0.6	0.4	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	525	320	215	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	10,955	2,110	8,845	10.8	4.3	16.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	715	340	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,825	1,565	8,260	9.7	3.2	15.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	365	185	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,155	3,030	2,125	5.1	6.2	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,545	775	1,770	2.5	1.6	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	820	600	215	0.8	1.2	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,780	1,640	140	1.8	3.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	101,190	48,630	52,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,715	14,910	12,805	27.4	30.7	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	73,470	33,715	39,760	72.6	69.3	75.6
Location of study inside Canada	68,925	31,575	37,350	68.1	64.9	71.1
Same as province or territory of residence	58,390	26,845	31,545	57.7	55.2	60.0
Different than province or territory of residence	10,535	4,735	5,805	10.4	9.7	11.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,545	2,140	2,410	4.5	4.4	4.6
Americas	1,055	445	610	1.0	0.9	1.2
United States of America	725	330	400	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mexico	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,195	695	500	1.2	1.4	1.0
Belgium	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	80	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	625	380	245	0.6	0.8	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	515	255	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	175	60	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	175	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asia	1,685	705	980	1.7	1.4	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraq	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	180	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	460	175	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Viet Nam	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	315	150	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	155,015	74,355	80,660	...	...	...
In the labour force	98,540	49,710	48,830	...	...	...
Employed	87,925	43,470	44,455	...	...	...
Unemployed	10,610	6,235	4,375	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	56,475	24,640	31,835	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.6	66.9	60.5	63.6	66.9	60.5
Employment rate	56.7	58.5	55.1	56.7	58.5	55.1
Unemployment rate	10.8	12.5	9.0	10.8	12.5	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	155,010	74,355	80,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	56,420	24,775	31,645	36.4	33.3	39.2
Worked	98,590	49,580	49,015	63.6	66.7	60.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	55,255	28,270	26,985	35.6	38.0	33.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	43,335	21,305	22,030	28.0	28.7	27.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	41.2	41.5	41.4	41.2	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	98,540	49,710	48,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,435	1,365	1,065	2.5	2.7	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	96,105	48,345	47,760	97.5	97.3	97.8
Employee	87,285	43,120	44,165	88.6	86.7	90.4
Permanent position	67,505	33,215	34,285	68.5	66.8	70.2
Temporary position	19,780	9,900	9,880	20.1	19.9	20.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	6,430	2,815	3,615	6.5	5.7	7.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	13,350	7,085	6,265	13.5	14.3	12.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,825	5,225	3,595	9.0	10.5	7.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	98,540	49,710	48,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,435	1,365	1,065	2.5	2.7	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	96,105	48,345	47,760	97.5	97.3	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,070	750	315	1.1	1.5	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	16,855	5,105	11,750	17.1	10.3	24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,030	6,870	2,160	9.2	13.8	4.4
3 Health occupations	9,160	1,875	7,285	9.3	3.8	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	13,745	4,510	9,235	13.9	9.1	18.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,925	1,305	1,625	3.0	2.6	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	26,115	12,255	13,860	26.5	24.7	28.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,805	12,825	980	14.0	25.8	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,525	1,325	195	1.5	2.7	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,875	1,525	345	1.9	3.1	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	98,540	49,710	48,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,435	1,365	1,065	2.5	2.7	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	96,105	48,345	47,760	97.5	97.3	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	810	605	205	0.8	1.2	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,645	2,080	570	2.7	4.2	1.2
22 Utilities	1,190	780	410	1.2	1.6	0.8
23 Construction	6,185	5,480	700	6.3	11.0	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	2,880	2,135	750	2.9	4.3	1.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,290	1,725	565	2.3	3.5	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	12,350	5,935	6,415	12.5	11.9	13.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,140	3,205	945	4.2	6.4	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,845	1,000	845	1.9	2.0	1.7
52 Finance and insurance	2,670	1,020	1,650	2.7	2.1	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,175	665	505	1.2	1.3	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,395	4,380	3,015	7.5	8.8	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,660	2,285	1,380	3.7	4.6	2.8
61 Educational services	8,240	2,980	5,255	8.4	6.0	10.8
62 Health care and social assistance	15,305	3,190	12,115	15.5	6.4	24.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,910	915	990	1.9	1.8	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	6,685	3,200	3,485	6.8	6.4	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,995	1,780	2,210	4.1	3.6	4.5
91 Public administration	10,610	4,940	5,665	10.8	9.9	11.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	104,895	52,715	52,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	102,770	51,895	50,880	98.0	98.4	97.5
French	220	65	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	1,440	500	940	1.4	0.9	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	340	185	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	104,895	52,715	52,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,640	52,610	52,030	99.8	99.8	99.7
Official languages	104,520	52,540	51,980	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	103,990	52,415	51,575	99.1	99.4	98.9
French	530	125	405	0.5	0.2	0.8
Non-official languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	260	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	190	70	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	104,895	52,715	52,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	103,330	52,120	51,205	98.5	98.9	98.1
English	340	75	270	0.3	0.1	0.5
French	945	370	575	0.9	0.7	1.1
Non-official language	220	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	87,925	43,470	44,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	16,665	7,420	9,245	19.0	17.1	20.8
Worked outside Canada	205	160	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,150	7,220	2,940	11.5	16.6	6.6
Usual place of work	60,905	28,680	32,225	69.3	66.0	72.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	60,905	28,680	32,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	35,020	15,685	19,340	57.5	54.7	60.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	24,710	12,135	12,580	40.6	42.3	39.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	590	420	170	1.0	1.5	0.5
Commute to a different province or territory	580	440	140	1.0	1.5	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	71,055	35,895	35,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	62,590	31,210	31,380	88.1	86.9	89.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	56,050	28,680	27,370	78.9	79.9	77.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	6,540	2,530	4,015	9.2	7.0	11.4
Public transit	2,465	1,265	1,200	3.5	3.5	3.4
Walked	3,475	1,700	1,770	4.9	4.7	5.0
Bicycle	130	95	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other method	2,395	1,630	765	3.4	4.5	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	71,055	35,895	35,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	31,910	15,155	16,755	44.9	42.2	47.6
15 to 29 minutes	31,335	15,925	15,410	44.1	44.4	43.8
30 to 44 minutes	4,965	2,835	2,130	7.0	7.9	6.1
45 to 59 minutes	845	455	390	1.2	1.3	1.1
60 minutes and over	1,995	1,525	470	2.8	4.2	1.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	71,055	35,895	35,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,195	1,680	515	3.1	4.7	1.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,395	4,760	2,640	10.4	13.3	7.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	22,315	11,800	10,515	31.4	32.9	29.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	20,760	9,255	11,505	29.2	25.8	32.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,530	3,530	4,995	12.0	9.8	14.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,860	4,865	4,990	13.9	13.6	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	33,230	17,075	16,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,335	635	695	4.0	3.7	4.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	31,895	16,440	15,455	96.0	96.3	95.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	24,725	12,680	12,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	970	460	510	3.9	3.6	4.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	515	230	285	2.1	1.8	2.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	455	230	225	1.8	1.8	1.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,755	12,220	11,535	96.1	96.4	95.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 6, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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