Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ThompsonMore information: Manitoba [Population centre]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	12,329	...	...
Population, 2016¹	13,037^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 5.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	5,222	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,472	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,578.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7.81	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	12,330	6,225	6,105
0 to 14 years	3,105	1,570	1,530
0 to 4 years	1,010	520	485
5 to 9 years	1,045	530	515
10 to 14 years	1,050	520	530
15 to 64 years	8,305	4,185	4,115
15 to 19 years	840	430	410
20 to 24 years	895	460	435
25 to 29 years	1,020	495	525
30 to 34 years	1,020	505	510
35 to 39 years	865	430	435
40 to 44 years	860	415	445
45 to 49 years	735	360	375
50 to 54 years	760	380	380
55 to 59 years	760	415	345
60 to 64 years	545	300	245
65 years and over	925	465	460
65 to 69 years	380	205	175
70 to 74 years	255	135	125
75 to 79 years	160	80	80
80 to 84 years	85	40	50
85 years and over	40	10	25
85 to 89 years	25	10	20
90 to 94 years	10	0	5
95 to 99 years	5	0	5
100 years and over	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25.2	25.2	25.1
15 to 64 years	67.4	67.2	67.4
65 years and over	7.5	7.5	7.5
85 years and over	0.3	0.2	0.4
Average age of the population	33.1	33.2	33.0
Median age of the population	31.4	31.6	31.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,470	...	...
Single-detached house	2,260	...	...
Semi-detached house	110	...	...
Row house	330	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,175	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	155	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	435	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,475	...	...
1 person	1,140	...	...
2 persons	1,265	...	...
3 persons	800	...	...
4 persons	695	...	...
5 or more persons	570	...	...
Number of persons in private households	12,180	6,130	6,045
Average household size	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	9,230	4,655	4,575
Married or living common-law	4,860	2,445	2,410
Married	3,495	1,775	1,720
Living common-law	1,365	670	690
Living common law - Never married	1,130	550	575
Living common law - Separated	40	15	20
Living common law - Divorced	170	90	80
Living common law - Widowed	25	10	10
Not married and not living common-law	4,375	2,210	2,160
Not married and not living common law - Never married	3,475	1,850	1,625
Not married and not living common law - Separated	245	110	135
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	345	180	165
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	310	75	235
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	3,175	...	...
2 persons	1,355	...	...
3 persons	800	...	...
4 persons	655	...	...
5 or more persons	365	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	3,175	...	...
Total couple families	2,340	...	...
Married couples	1,660	...	...
With children⁶	1,005	...	...
Without children	655	...	...
Common-law couples	680	...	...
With children⁶	395	...	...
Without children	280	...	...
Total one-parent families	830	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	630	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	200	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	12,180	6,130	6,045
Total - Persons in census families	9,765	4,775	4,990
Married spouses or common-law partners	4,680	2,335	2,350
Parents in one-parent families	835	205	635
Children⁶	4,250	2,240	2,010
In a two-parent family	2,670	1,420	1,245
In a one-parent family	1,580	825	760
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,415	1,360	1,050
Living alone	1,140	655	485
Living with other relatives⁷	660	340	315
Living with non-relatives only	610	360	250
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,475	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,570	...	...
Couple-family households	1,995	...	...
With children⁶	1,195	...	...
Without children	795	...	...
One-parent-family households	580	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	170	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	280	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	280	...	...
One-person households	1,140	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	9,085	4,570	4,515
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,640	4,345	4,295
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	54,400	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,660	4,355	4,305
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	46,800	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,425	3,885	3,540
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,200	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,915	3,680	3,240
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,000	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,740	3,830	3,910
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,200	2,600	8,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	915	395	515
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,080	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,250	945	1,305
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	9,065	4,540	4,520
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,595	4,310	4,285
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,750	64,100	51,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,605	4,320	4,285
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,160	50,680	43,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,415	3,815	3,605
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,150	65,400	48,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,920	3,660	3,260
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,700	61,450	49,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,625	3,755	3,875
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,450	7,120	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	905	385	520
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,960	7,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,075	880	1,195
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,840	8,640	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	9,060	4,540	4,520
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,505	1,870	1,630
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,500	84,000	62,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,500	83,800	70,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,485	1,250	1,235
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	27,000	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,520	43,800	29,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	85.4	90.4	79.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	77.6	81.4	73.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	14.5	9.7	20.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.3	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.8	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	9,080	4,565	4,515
Without total income	440	220	220
With total income	8,645	4,350	4,295
Under $10,000 (including loss)	865	405	460
$10,000 to $19,999	855	400	455
$20,000 to $29,999	1,040	440	605
$30,000 to $39,999	940	385	555
$40,000 to $49,999	900	385	515
$50,000 to $59,999	735	335	405
$60,000 to $69,999	600	285	310
$70,000 to $79,999	430	220	210
$80,000 to $89,999	380	200	175
$90,000 to $99,999	370	215	160
$100,000 and over	1,520	1,070	450
$100,000 to $149,999	1,215	855	365
$150,000 and over	305	220	85
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	9,080	4,565	4,515
Without after-tax income	430	210	215
With after-tax income	8,655	4,355	4,300
Under $10,000 (including loss)	890	415	475
$10,000 to $19,999	915	430	485
$20,000 to $29,999	1,220	510	710
$30,000 to $39,999	1,145	515	635
$40,000 to $49,999	1,040	465	575
$50,000 to $59,999	765	365	400
$60,000 to $69,999	595	310	285
$70,000 to $79,999	610	355	255
$80,000 to $89,999	535	345	190
$90,000 to $99,999	375	260	115
$100,000 and over	560	390	175
$100,000 to $124,999	385	265	125
$125,000 and over	175	120	55
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	9,080	4,565	4,515
Without employment income	2,170	890	1,280
With employment income	6,915	3,675	3,235
Under $5,000 (including loss)	780	420	360
$5,000 to $9,999	450	190	260
$10,000 to $19,999	695	310	385
$20,000 to $29,999	665	295	370
$30,000 to $39,999	610	300	315
$40,000 to $49,999	525	235	290
$50,000 to $59,999	520	235	285
$60,000 to $69,999	375	200	175
$70,000 to $79,999	335	185	145
$80,000 to $89,999	290	160	125
$90,000 to $99,999	340	200	145
$100,000 and over	1,330	955	380
$100,000 to $124,999	730	490	235
$125,000 and over	605	455	145
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	9,085	4,570	4,515
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,375	4,210	4,170
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	52,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	8,385	4,210	4,170
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,395	3,850	3,540
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	54,000	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	6,955	3,700	3,255
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	51,200	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,015	3,510	3,505
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,700	980	5,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	770	325	445
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	8,200	6,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	9,065	4,540	4,520
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,255	4,130	4,130
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,200	64,500	47,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,255	4,130	4,130
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,720	50,760	40,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,330	3,755	3,580
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,000	66,300	47,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,855	3,615	3,245
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,950	62,900	48,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,815	3,315	3,500
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,740	5,150	8,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	715	280	435
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,880	8,100	7,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	9,060	4,540	4,520
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	3,465	1,845	1,615
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	82,000	62,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,700	82,600	65,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,270	1,155	1,115
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	34,000	25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	42,280	50,600	33,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.0	93.6	85.4
Employment income (%)	82.6	85.4	79.0
Government transfers (%)	9.9	6.4	14.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,470	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,140	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,335	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,450	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,140	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	3,310	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,470	...	...
Under $5,000	50	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	65	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	95	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	100	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	110	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	135	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	165	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	175	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	265	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	295	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	280	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	260	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	255	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,145	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	555	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	415	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	610	...	...
$200,000 and over	555	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,470	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	40	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	80	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	100	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	115	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	170	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	190	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	185	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	325	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	375	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	350	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	340	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	280	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,690	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	595	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	435	...	...
$150,000 and over	660	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	3,150	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	820	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	1,410	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	755	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,750	1,020	735
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	50,800	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	42,800	39,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	3,110	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	770	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,485	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	695	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,750	915	835
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,950	61,900	51,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,040	50,000	43,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	12,175	6,135	6,045
0 to 17 years	3,605	1,825	1,785
0 to 5 years	1,220	630	595
18 to 64 years	7,685	3,855	3,825
65 years and over	885	450	435
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,715	785	930
0 to 17 years	775	390	380
0 to 5 years	320	165	160
18 to 64 years	865	360	500
65 years and over	80	30	45
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.1	12.8	15.4
0 to 17 years (%)	21.4	21.6	21.3
0 to 5 years (%)	26.5	26.0	26.8
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	9.3	13.2
65 years and over (%)	8.8	6.8	10.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	12,180	6,130	6,045
0 to 17 years	3,610	1,825	1,780
0 to 5 years	1,220	625	595
18 to 64 years	7,685	3,860	3,830
65 years and over	885	450	435
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	550	275	275
0 to 17 years	175	90	85
0 to 5 years	85	40	45
18 to 64 years	360	175	185
65 years and over	10	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	4.5	4.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.8	5.0	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	7.0	6.4	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	4.6	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.6	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	12,175	6,135	6,045
In bottom half of the distribution	6,140	2,995	3,145
In bottom decile	1,570	735	830
In second decile	1,445	685	765
In third decile	1,125	565	560
In fourth decile	1,075	525	550
In fifth decile	920	485	440
In top half of the distribution	6,040	3,140	2,900
In sixth decile	1,160	585	580
In seventh decile	1,120	585	530
In eighth decile	1,140	610	530
In ninth decile	1,410	720	690
In top decile	1,210	640	570
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	12,180	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.338	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.453	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.296	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	12,265	6,195	6,065
English only	11,430	5,805	5,625
French only	10	5	5
English and French	735	350	385
Neither English nor French	85	35	50
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	12,265	6,195	6,065
English	11,970	6,045	5,925
French	190	110	85
English and French	30	10	15
Neither English nor French	75	30	45
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	12,265	6,195	6,065
Single responses	11,695	5,925	5,765
Official languages	9,695	4,970	4,730
English	9,505	4,865	4,640
French	190	100	90
Non-official languages	2,000	955	1,040
Indigenous languages³⁹	620	240	380
Algonquian languages	565	220	345
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	545	210	335
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	545	210	335
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	180	65	115
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.	315	130	185
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	5	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	10	5	5
Ojibway languages	10	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	45	15	30
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	15	30
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	45	15	30
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	5	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,380	720	660
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	30	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	5	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	35	25	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	35	20	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	5	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	105	45	60
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0
Cebuano	5	5	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	30	60
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	5	5
Tamil	5	5	5
Telugu	5	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,090	575	515
Albanian	10	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	60	35	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	55	30	25
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	10	5	5
Russian	10	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	5	5	0
Serbian	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	20	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	60	30	35
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	45	20	25
German	45	20	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	855	450	405
Indo-Aryan languages	845	445	400
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	25	10	10
Gujarati	320	170	155
Hindi	65	35	30
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	20	10	15
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	385	205	180
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5
Urdu	15	10	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	5	0	5
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	55	40
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	5
Portuguese	60	30	25
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	35	25	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	50	30	20
Akan (Twi)	5	10	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	0
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20
Chinese languages	35	15	20
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	10	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	570	270	300
English and French	60	35	25
English and non-official language(s)	475	225	250
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	20	5	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	12,265	6,195	6,065
English	9,870	5,025	4,845
French	50	25	20
Non-official language	510	260	255
Indigenous³⁹	80	40	40
Non-Indigenous	425	215	215
English and French	125	65	60
English and non-official language(s)	1,605	775	835
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	60	30	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	12,265	6,195	6,065
Single responses	11,845	6,005	5,840
Official languages	10,745	5,445	5,295
English	10,670	5,405	5,265
French	75	40	35
Non-official languages	1,105	560	540
Indigenous languages³⁹	175	75	95
Algonquian languages	145	65	75
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	145	65	75
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	145	65	75
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	60	25	35
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	5	10
Cree, n.o.s.	55	25	30
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	10	15
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	5	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	930	480	450
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	55	30	25
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	25	25
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	5	5
Telugu	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	765	395	375
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	5
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	15	5	10
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	15	10	5
German	15	10	5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	5	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	685	360	330
Indo-Aryan languages	680	355	330
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	10	10
Gujarati	270	135	135
Hindi	50	30	20
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	10	5	10
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	165	145
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	15	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	5	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	25	10	15
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	5	5	5
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	20	10	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	5	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10
Chinese languages	20	10	10
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	15	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	420	190	230
English and French	25	10	15
English and non-official language(s)	380	170	205
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	12,265	6,195	6,065
None	10,755	5,445	5,305
English	440	225	215
French	85	40	45
Non-official language	785	370	415
Indigenous³⁹	390	180	215
Non-Indigenous	395	195	200
English and French	15	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	105	55	50
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	30
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	12,005	6,060	5,945
Official languages	11,920	6,025	5,895
English	11,885	6,020	5,870
French	845	390	455
Non-official languages	3,060	1,410	1,645
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,070	405	665
Algonquian languages	935	340	595
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	925	335	590
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	925	335	590
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	420	170	245
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	0	30
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	55	10	40
Cree, n.o.s.	430	150	280
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	10	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	30	10	25
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	25
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	85	35	50
Northern Athabaskan languages	85	35	50
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	85	35	50
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	50	25	20
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	50	25	20
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,005	1,015	990
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	10	10	0
Hausa	10	10	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	50	20	30
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	45	20	25
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	15	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	20	15	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	165	60	100
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	145	60	95
Waray-Waray	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10
Creole languages	25	0	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	15	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	10	10	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	1,495	785	705
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	70	35	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	70	35	35
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	35	15	15
Russian	10	0	10
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	20	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	120	65	50
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	75	35	35
German	75	35	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	25	10
Afrikaans	20	20	0
Dutch	10	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	25	15	10
Indo-Iranian languages	1,085	565	520
Indo-Aryan languages	1,085	565	520
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	20	0	15
Gujarati	295	150	135
Hindi	655	350	305
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	55	20	30
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	630	315	310
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10
Urdu	50	35	15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	170	95	85
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	10	10	0
Portuguese	80	35	40
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	95	50	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	10	0	10
Korean	15	10	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	125	60	60
Akan (Twi)	20	20	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	80	35	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	15	10	10
American Sign Language	15	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	40
Chinese languages	70	30	40
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	70	30	40
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	10	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	12,005	6,060	5,950
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,175	2,500	2,680
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,075	2,445	2,625
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,215	1,935	2,280
Métis	835	495	335
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	10
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	30	10	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	75	40	40
Non-Indigenous identity	6,830	3,565	3,270
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	12,005	6,060	5,950
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,010	1,855	2,150
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	8,000	4,210	3,790
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,450	...	...
Owner	2,415	...	...
Renter	2,035	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,450	...	...
Condominium	130	...	...
Not condominium	4,320	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,450	...	...
No bedrooms	25	...	...
1 bedroom	515	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,030	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,655	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,450	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,480	...	...
5 rooms	805	...	...
6 rooms	685	...	...
7 rooms	560	...	...
8 or more rooms	920	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,450	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,220	...	...
More than one person per room	230	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,450	...	...
Suitable	3,975	...	...
Not suitable	475	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,450	...	...
1960 or before	485	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,770	...	...
1981 to 1990	475	...	...
1991 to 2000	375	...	...
2001 to 2005	95	...	...
2006 to 2010	135	...	...
2011 to 2015	70	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	45	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,450	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	4,005	...	...
Major repairs needed	445	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,450	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,430	...	...
Two-maintainer household	1,855	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	160	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,450	...	...
15 to 24 years	265	...	...
25 to 34 years	980	...	...
35 to 44 years	855	...	...
45 to 54 years	885	...	...
55 to 64 years	815	...	...
65 to 74 years	445	...	...
75 to 84 years	185	...	...
85 years and over	25	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,440	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,815	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	625	...	...
30% to less than 100%	525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,450	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,345	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	485	...	...
Not suitable only	350	...	...
Major repairs needed only	325	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	3,105	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,345	...	...
In core need	405	...	...
Not in core need	3,935	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,420	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,290	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	215,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,030	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,098	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	12,005	6,055	5,950
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,560	1,650	1,910
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,480	1,625	1,860
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,235	1,475	1,765
Métis single ancestry	240	145	90
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	25	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	20	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,580	800	780
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,485	740	750
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,105	535	570
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	375	205	170
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	95	65	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	60	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	6,865	3,605	3,255
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	12,005	6,055	5,945
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	10,830	5,455	5,375
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,315	1,715	1,600
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,520	3,740	3,775
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,175	600	570
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	12,005	6,055	5,945
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	10,090	5,065	5,025
Immigrants⁸¹	1,700	865	835
Before 1980	140	80	65
1980 to 1990	105	75	35
1991 to 2000	80	30	50
2001 to 2010	340	155	180
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,025	525	505
2011 to 2015	435	215	220
2016 to 2021	590	300	285
Non-permanent residents⁸³	220	130	85
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,700	865	835
Under 5 years	155	95	55
5 to 14 years	255	135	120
15 to 24 years	310	145	165
25 to 44 years	835	415	420
45 years and over	140	70	70
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,700	865	835
Americas	165	75	85
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	10	0
Guyana	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	15	35
Mexico	20	0	15
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0
United States of America	35	25	15
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	10
Europe	270	140	125
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	40	25	20
Greece	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Poland	20	10	10
Portugal	40	30	15
Romania	10	0	10
Russian Federation	15	10	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	25	20
Other places of birth in Europe	45	25	25
Africa	205	110	95
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	10	0	10
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	10	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	105	50	60
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	35	20
Asia	1,060	530	530
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	20	10	10
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	30	10	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	140	55	85
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	760	385	375
Pakistan	45	30	20
Sri Lanka	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	590	305	285
Americas	15	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	10	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	80	40	40
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	55	25	35
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	490	250	245
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	355	180	180
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	15	10	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	20	10	10
Philippines	60	30	35
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	12,005	6,060	5,950
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,925	1,000	925
Second generation¹⁰¹	950	455	495
Third generation or more¹⁰²	9,130	4,605	4,525
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,555	785	775
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,245	650	595
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	550	370	175
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	700	280	425
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	255	100	155
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	30	20
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,555	785	775
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	15	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	100	50	55
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	15	20
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	105	65	45
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,285	645	645
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	12,005	6,060	5,950
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,910	970	950
South Asian	1,190	635	550
Chinese	75	40	35
Black	285	140	155
Filipino	140	45	95
Arab	35	15	25
Latin American	65	45	25
Southeast Asian	55	25	30
West Asian	0	0	0
Korean	15	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	0	20
Multiple visible minorities	20	15	10
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	10,090	5,090	5,000
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	12,005	6,060	5,945
Canadian	1,185	660	525
English	1,590	815	780
Irish	1,240	635	600
Scottish	1,465	695	770
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,045	560	485
German	935	490	440
Chinese	90	55	45
Italian	100	50	45
Indian (India)	785	395	390
Ukrainian	930	485	450
Dutch	225	115	110
Polish	335	170	170
Québécois	45	25	20
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	210	120	85
Filipino	155	60	95
French Canadian	125	50	75
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	240	115	125
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,460	620	840
Métis	770	425	345
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	80	35	45
Russian	125	50	75
Norwegian	285	125	160
Welsh	100	50	50
Portuguese	165	65	110
American	60	30	35
Spanish	95	50	45
Swedish	130	35	95
Hungarian	105	55	50
Acadian	15	10	0
Pakistani	55	30	25
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	55	15	35
Jewish	15	0	10
Punjabi	110	75	40
Vietnamese	30	15	15
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	0	10
Greek	25	20	15
Jamaican	70	45	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,685	830	855
Korean	10	0	0
Romanian	50	20	30
Lebanese	20	10	10
Iranian	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	40	30	10
Danish	75	35	35
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	725	345	380
Sikh	145	80	65
Austrian	40	10	35
Belgian	85	50	35
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	130	70	55
Mexican	25	10	15
Mennonite	45	15	30
Swiss	15	10	10
Finnish	40	15	30
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	25	20	0
Japanese	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	10	20
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	85	50	35
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	85	35	45
Muslim	45	25	20
Egyptian	15	10	10
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Icelandic	100	50	50
Colombian	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	10	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15
Serbian	0	0	0
Ojibway	110	55	55
Newfoundlander	155	90	60
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	10
Turkish	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	15
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0
Nigerian	75	35	40
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	25	15	15
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	15	10	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	10
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	10	15
Lithuanian	10	0	0
South African	0	0	0
Australian	25	15	10
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	50	35	25
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15
New Brunswicker	0	0	0
Gujarati	90	45	40
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	15	10	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	145	65	75
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0
Malaysian	10	0	0
Plains Cree	10	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	25	15	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	20
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	70	55	15
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	12,005	6,060	5,950
Buddhist	0	0	0
Christian	5,100	2,475	2,630
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	795	395	400
Anabaptist	55	35	30
Anglican	730	350	380
Baptist	70	40	30
Catholic	2,125	1,060	1,070
Christian Orthodox	35	20	20
Jehovah's Witness	60	30	30
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0
Lutheran	95	55	45
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	50	25
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	245	105	140
Presbyterian	40	15	25
Reformed	10	0	0
United Church	620	270	355
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	125	45	75
Hindu	645	335	310
Jewish	0	0	0
Muslim	135	75	55
Sikh	395	220	185
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	185	95	95
Other religions and spiritual traditions	70	25	45
No religion and secular perspectives	5,475	2,840	2,635
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	11,810	5,960	5,850
Non-movers	9,870	5,065	4,800
Movers	1,945	890	1,050
Non-migrants	1,250	565	685
Migrants	695	325	365
Internal migrants	655	315	340
Intraprovincial migrants	415	205	205
Interprovincial migrants	235	105	135
External migrants	45	15	25
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	11,050	5,560	5,485
Non-movers	6,140	3,215	2,930
Movers	4,905	2,345	2,560
Non-migrants	2,610	1,215	1,395
Migrants	2,295	1,135	1,165
Internal migrants	1,695	825	865
Intraprovincial migrants	1,205	605	600
Interprovincial migrants	485	220	265
External migrants	605	310	300
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,065	4,540	4,520
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,530	1,405	1,125
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,530	3,135	3,395
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,415	3,175	3,240
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,295	715	585
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	5,110	2,465	2,650
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	9,060	4,540	4,515
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,350	1,285	1,065
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,715	1,390	1,330
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,995	1,870	2,125
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,240	1,215	1,025
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	610	525	85
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	200	145	55
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	410	380	30
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,320	570	755
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	315	125	190
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,755	655	1,100
Bachelor's degree	1,205	435	770
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	215	80	135
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	10	30
Master's degree	270	125	145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	0	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	6,410	3,180	3,235
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,150	605	545
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,825	960	865
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,435	1,610	1,825
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,870	1,035	835
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	540	465	75
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	170	120	50
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	370	345	20
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,105	470	630
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	220	90	130
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,570	575	990
Bachelor's degree	1,060	390	670
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	195	65	125
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	45	15	35
Master's degree	250	110	145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	0	15
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	9,060	4,545	4,520
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,065	2,670	2,395
Education	435	100	340
13. Education	435	100	340
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	40	15	25
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	35	10	25
Humanities	200	90	115
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	35	10	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115	55	60
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	15	0
54. History	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	370	115	255
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	15	115
22. Legal professions and studies	60	25	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0
42. Psychology	65	30	40
45. Social sciences	75	40	40
Business, management and public administration	750	205	540
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	170	35	135
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	580	175	405
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140	65	70
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	0	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	45	20	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	50	30	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	190	75	115
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	170	70	100
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,000	915	80
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0
14. Engineering	145	120	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	200	160	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	270	270	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	295	295	0
48. Precision production	75	70	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	70	50	20
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	35	25	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	25	15
Health and related fields	630	130	495
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	15	10	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	600	115	485
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	170	110	65
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	70	20	50
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	65	50	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	35	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	6,415	3,175	3,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	2,975	1,565	1,410
Education	360	75	280
13. Education	360	75	280
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	0	20
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	25	0	20
Humanities	160	55	105
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	35	0	30
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	85	30	55
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0
54. History	15	10	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	310	95	215
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	95	0	90
22. Legal professions and studies	60	20	40
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0
42. Psychology	60	30	35
45. Social sciences	70	35	35
Business, management and public administration	675	185	495
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	155	35	115
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	520	150	375
Physical and life sciences and technologies	125	60	65
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	25	0	25
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	40	20	25
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	50	30	15
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	10	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	130	45	85
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	115	40	75
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	890	815	75
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0
14. Engineering	125	105	25
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	200	155	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	240	240	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	260	250	0
48. Precision production	65	60	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	65	45	20
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	25	20	10
03. Natural resources and conservation	35	25	10
Health and related fields	540	120	415
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	515	110	405
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	150	105	50
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	55	20	35
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	60	50	15
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	35	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	6,415	3,175	3,235
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,975	1,565	1,410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	3,440	1,610	1,825
Location of study inside Canada	2,735	1,265	1,465
Same as province or territory of residence	2,005	900	1,110
Different than province or territory of residence	720	365	355
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	705	345	360
Americas	65	25	40
United States of America	30	10	25
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	20	10	10
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0
Europe	50	15	35
Belgium	0	0	0
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	10	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0
Africa	75	35	35
Nigeria	45	25	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	15	0	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10
Asia	515	270	250
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	15	0	10
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	80	35	45
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	390	215	175
Pakistan	20	10	10
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	9,060	4,540	4,515
In the labour force	6,275	3,270	3,005
Employed	5,720	2,990	2,735
Unemployed	555	280	270
Not in the labour force	2,785	1,275	1,510
Participation rate	69.3	72.0	66.6
Employment rate	63.1	65.9	60.6
Unemployment rate	8.8	8.6	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	9,060	4,545	4,520
Did not work¹⁸⁶	2,875	1,310	1,570
Worked	6,190	3,235	2,950
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	3,560	1,890	1,665
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,630	1,345	1,285
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.6	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	6,275	3,270	3,005
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	70	65
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	6,140	3,195	2,940
Employee	5,855	3,040	2,820
Permanent position	5,050	2,635	2,415
Temporary position	810	405	405
Fixed term (1 year or more)	280	140	145
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	530	270	260
Self-employed¹⁹²	280	160	120
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	6,275	3,270	3,005
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	70	65
All occupations¹⁹¹	6,140	3,195	2,940
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	50	20	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	710	110	595
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	260	195	65
3 Health occupations	600	125	475
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,205	365	845
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	75	10	65
6 Sales and service occupations	1,565	795	770
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,155	1,080	75
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	400	380	15
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	120	115	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	6,275	3,270	3,005
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	70	65
All industries¹⁹¹	6,140	3,195	2,940
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	30	25	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	730	650	80
22 Utilities	105	75	25
23 Construction	355	310	40
31-33 Manufacturing	45	45	0
41 Wholesale trade	95	75	20
44-45 Retail trade	710	390	325
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	390	325	65
51 Information and cultural industries	35	15	25
52 Finance and insurance	125	15	110
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	75	40	35
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	95	45	55
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	0	10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	155	115	45
61 Educational services	675	160	515
62 Health care and social assistance	1,145	195	945
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	35	30	0
72 Accommodation and food services	525	250	280
81 Other services (except public administration)	250	120	130
91 Public administration	540	320	225
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	6,720	3,515	3,200
English	6,375	3,415	2,965
French	65	20	45
Non-official language	15	10	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	10	0	0
English and French	65	15	50
English and non-official language(s)	205	65	140
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	6,720	3,515	3,200
Single responses	6,695	3,515	3,185
Official languages	6,665	3,500	3,170
English	6,575	3,480	3,095
French	95	20	75
Non-official languages	30	15	15
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	0
Algonquian languages	15	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	15	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	0	10
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	0	10
Indo-Aryan languages	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	0	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	6,720	3,515	3,200
None	6,465	3,440	3,025
English	45	10	40
French	40	15	20
Non-official language	155	45	110
Indigenous³⁹	115	25	95
Non-Indigenous	40	25	15
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	5,720	2,985	2,735
Worked at home	305	110	195
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	605	475	135
Usual place of work	4,800	2,405	2,405
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	4,800	2,405	2,405
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,870	1,760	2,115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	560	415	145
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	290	190	100
Commute to a different province or territory	80	40	40
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	5,410	2,875	2,535
Car, truck or van	4,700	2,475	2,225
Car, truck or van - as a driver	4,000	2,240	1,760
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	695	230	465
Public transit	50	25	20
Walked	500	270	230
Bicycle	30	30	0
Other method	125	65	55
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	5,410	2,875	2,535
Less than 15 minutes	4,375	2,205	2,165
15 to 29 minutes	730	485	250
30 to 44 minutes	135	80	55
45 to 59 minutes	30	15	15
60 minutes and over	145	95	50
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	5,410	2,875	2,535
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	370	300	70
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	875	610	270
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,255	685	565
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,580	570	1,010
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	595	260	340
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	735	445	285
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,660	1,850	1,805
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	255	125	130
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,400	1,725	1,675
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,580	1,300	1,280
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	205	95	110
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	150	70	80
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	30	25
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,375	1,205	1,170

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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