Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thunder Bay--Superior NorthMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2013 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	83,325	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	82,651	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.8	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	42,160	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	36,946	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.1	...	...	1.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	76,105.89	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	83,325	41,440	41,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,150	6,250	5,895	14.6	15.1	14.1
0 to 4 years	3,745	1,915	1,830	4.5	4.6	4.4
5 to 9 years	4,090	2,150	1,945	4.9	5.2	4.6
10 to 14 years	4,310	2,185	2,125	5.2	5.3	5.1
15 to 64 years	52,740	26,455	26,280	63.3	63.8	62.7
15 to 19 years	4,155	2,165	2,000	5.0	5.2	4.8
20 to 24 years	5,240	2,800	2,440	6.3	6.8	5.8
25 to 29 years	5,505	2,845	2,655	6.6	6.9	6.3
30 to 34 years	5,135	2,580	2,555	6.2	6.2	6.1
35 to 39 years	4,975	2,480	2,490	6.0	6.0	5.9
40 to 44 years	4,565	2,255	2,305	5.5	5.4	5.5
45 to 49 years	4,755	2,380	2,375	5.7	5.7	5.7
50 to 54 years	5,105	2,495	2,615	6.1	6.0	6.2
55 to 59 years	6,380	3,110	3,270	7.7	7.5	7.8
60 to 64 years	6,930	3,350	3,575	8.3	8.1	8.5
65 years and over	18,440	8,730	9,710	22.1	21.1	23.2
65 to 69 years	6,065	3,020	3,045	7.3	7.3	7.3
70 to 74 years	4,920	2,405	2,515	5.9	5.8	6.0
75 to 79 years	3,105	1,485	1,620	3.7	3.6	3.9
80 to 84 years	2,105	935	1,165	2.5	2.3	2.8
85 years and over	2,245	885	1,365	2.7	2.1	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,430	615	810	1.7	1.5	1.9
90 to 94 years	660	230	430	0.8	0.6	1.0
95 to 99 years	155	35	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.1	14.1	14.6	15.1	14.1
15 to 64 years	63.3	63.8	62.7	63.3	63.8	62.7
65 years and over	22.1	21.1	23.2	22.1	21.1	23.2
85 years and over	2.7	2.1	3.3	2.7	2.1	3.3
Average age of the population	43.9	43.0	44.8	43.9	43.0	44.8
Median age of the population	44.8	43.6	46.4	44.8	43.6	46.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	25,900	...	...	70.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,395	...	...	3.8	...	...
Row house	1,300	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,645	...	...	4.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,515	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,900	...	...	5.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,305	...	...	33.3	...	...
2 persons	13,545	...	...	36.7	...	...
3 persons	4,940	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	4,135	...	...	11.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,020	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	81,915	40,720	41,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	71,180	35,190	35,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	38,925	19,400	19,520	54.7	55.1	54.2
Married	30,005	14,965	15,040	42.2	42.5	41.8
Living common-law	8,925	4,435	4,485	12.5	12.6	12.5
Living common law - Never married	6,570	3,295	3,275	9.2	9.4	9.1
Living common law - Separated	425	225	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,625	805	820	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	300	115	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	32,250	15,790	16,465	45.3	44.9	45.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,660	11,670	8,990	29.0	33.2	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,310	1,010	1,295	3.2	2.9	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,390	1,925	2,465	6.2	5.5	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,895	1,190	3,710	6.9	3.4	10.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,675	...	...	58.3	...	...
3 persons	4,575	...	...	19.5	...	...
4 persons	3,740	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,450	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,440	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,110	...	...	81.5	...	...
Married couples	14,645	...	...	62.5	...	...
With children⁶	6,420	...	...	27.4	...	...
Without children	8,230	...	...	35.1	...	...
Common-law couples	4,460	...	...	19.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,715	...	...	7.3	...	...
Without children	2,750	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,330	...	...	18.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,270	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,055	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	81,915	40,720	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	63,915	31,685	32,230	78.0	77.8	78.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,220	19,060	19,160	46.7	46.8	46.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,330	1,060	3,275	5.3	2.6	7.9
Children⁶	21,365	11,570	9,795	26.1	28.4	23.8
In a two-parent family	14,635	7,955	6,685	17.9	19.5	16.2
In a one-parent family	6,725	3,615	3,115	8.2	8.9	7.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,000	9,035	8,970	22.0	22.2	21.8
Living alone	12,305	5,835	6,475	15.0	14.3	15.7
Living with other relatives⁷	1,935	955	985	2.4	2.3	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	3,755	2,245	1,510	4.6	5.5	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,350	...	...	57.8	...	...
Couple-family households	17,840	...	...	48.3	...	...
With children⁶	7,580	...	...	20.5	...	...
Without children	10,255	...	...	27.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,510	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	635	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	930	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,605	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	12,310	...	...	33.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	69,785	34,475	35,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,510	33,295	34,215	96.7	96.6	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,400	38,800	43,200	48,400	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,535	33,310	34,225	96.8	96.6	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	35,600	38,800	43,200	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,850	30,005	29,845	85.8	87.0	84.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,800	31,000	36,400	42,800	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,430	23,960	22,475	66.5	69.5	63.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	43,600	33,600	38,400	43,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,355	29,805	31,550	87.9	86.5	89.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,400	11,300	10,400	9,400	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,930	3,560	3,365	9.9	10.3	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,000	5,600	5,760	6,000	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,225	7,710	8,515	23.2	22.4	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	69,890	34,560	35,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,740	33,520	34,220	96.9	97.0	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,950	59,750	46,320	52,950	59,750	46,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,780	33,535	34,245	97.0	97.0	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	49,560	40,120	44,800	49,560	40,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,010	30,240	29,775	85.9	87.5	84.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,920	55,600	40,120	47,920	55,600	40,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,465	24,085	22,385	66.5	69.7	63.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,960	54,250	41,200	47,960	54,250	41,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,360	29,975	31,385	87.8	86.7	88.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,590	10,710	12,420	11,590	10,710	12,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,020	3,565	3,455	10.0	10.3	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,810	6,960	6,880	6,810	6,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,885	7,460	8,420	22.7	21.6	23.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,690	8,500	8,860	8,690	8,500	8,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	69,890	34,560	35,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,470	11,065	9,410	29.3	32.0	26.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	73,500	60,800	67,000	73,500	60,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,600	81,200	66,800	74,600	81,200	66,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,010	9,285	9,735	27.2	26.9	27.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	22,800	18,000	20,000	22,800	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	36,680	25,180	30,800	36,680	25,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.2	84.0	75.4	80.2	84.0	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.1	65.2	58.2	62.1	65.2	58.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.8	16.0	24.6	19.8	16.0	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.5	3.6	5.7	4.5	3.6	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.2	4.7	3.9	3.2	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	69,785	34,480	35,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,275	1,185	1,090	3.3	3.4	3.1
With total income	67,510	33,295	34,215	96.7	96.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,785	2,135	2,650	7.1	6.4	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,665	3,225	4,435	11.4	9.7	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	9,925	4,280	5,645	14.7	12.9	16.5
$30,000 to $39,999	8,815	3,940	4,870	13.1	11.8	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	7,865	3,635	4,230	11.7	10.9	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,435	2,990	3,440	9.5	9.0	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,155	2,615	2,540	7.6	7.9	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,060	2,200	1,855	6.0	6.6	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,975	1,755	1,215	4.4	5.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,490	1,510	975	3.7	4.5	2.8
$100,000 and over	7,350	5,000	2,355	10.9	15.0	6.9
$100,000 to $149,999	5,420	3,570	1,850	8.0	10.7	5.4
$150,000 and over	1,930	1,430	500	2.9	4.3	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	69,785	34,480	35,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,250	1,170	1,080	3.2	3.4	3.1
With after-tax income	67,535	33,305	34,230	96.8	96.6	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,060	2,200	2,860	7.5	6.6	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,970	3,360	4,605	11.8	10.1	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,305	4,865	6,435	16.7	14.6	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	10,420	4,840	5,580	15.4	14.5	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,080	4,260	4,820	13.4	12.8	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,960	3,450	3,505	10.3	10.4	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,070	2,800	2,265	7.5	8.4	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,710	2,255	1,455	5.5	6.8	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,875	1,700	1,175	4.3	5.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,735	1,170	570	2.6	3.5	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,360	2,410	950	5.0	7.2	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,975	1,420	555	2.9	4.3	1.6
$125,000 and over	1,385	990	395	2.1	3.0	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	69,785	34,480	35,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,355	10,515	12,835	33.5	30.5	36.3
With employment income	46,435	23,960	22,470	66.5	69.5	63.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,855	3,495	3,365	14.8	14.6	15.0
$5,000 to $9,999	3,505	1,540	1,960	7.5	6.4	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,375	2,480	2,895	11.6	10.4	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	4,195	2,000	2,195	9.0	8.3	9.8
$30,000 to $39,999	3,940	1,845	2,090	8.5	7.7	9.3
$40,000 to $49,999	3,870	1,660	2,215	8.3	6.9	9.9
$50,000 to $59,999	3,640	1,705	1,935	7.8	7.1	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,075	1,525	1,555	6.6	6.4	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,525	1,420	1,105	5.4	5.9	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,055	1,260	795	4.4	5.3	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,935	1,145	785	4.2	4.8	3.5
$100,000 and over	5,460	3,880	1,580	11.8	16.2	7.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,865	1,880	980	6.2	7.8	4.4
$125,000 and over	2,600	1,995	600	5.6	8.3	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	69,785	34,475	35,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,700	32,835	33,855	95.6	95.2	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,200	36,400	41,200	47,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,725	32,845	33,880	95.6	95.3	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,000	33,200	37,200	42,000	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,540	29,805	29,735	85.3	86.5	84.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,400	32,000	37,600	44,400	32,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,155	24,185	22,970	67.6	70.2	65.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	34,000	38,400	44,400	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,555	28,340	30,210	83.9	82.2	85.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	3,680	7,350	6,040	3,680	7,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,120	3,200	2,925	8.8	9.3	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,920	5,720	5,800	5,920	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	69,890	34,560	35,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,895	33,030	33,865	95.7	95.6	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,600	57,800	43,520	50,600	57,800	43,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,910	33,030	33,875	95.7	95.6	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,720	47,960	37,600	42,720	47,960	37,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,780	29,985	29,790	85.5	86.8	84.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,880	55,800	39,920	47,880	55,800	39,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,370	24,425	22,950	67.8	70.7	65.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,560	54,250	40,440	47,560	54,250	40,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,430	28,355	30,070	83.6	82.0	85.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,910	8,350	9,440	8,910	8,350	9,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,000	3,085	2,915	8.6	8.9	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,490	7,120	7,890	7,490	7,120	7,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	69,890	34,560	35,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,370	10,995	9,370	29.1	31.8	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	69,500	55,600	62,400	69,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,800	76,500	62,050	69,800	76,500	62,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,085	8,825	9,265	25.9	25.5	26.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	28,200	22,200	25,000	28,200	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,000	43,240	29,120	36,000	43,240	29,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.6	87.6	80.8	84.6	87.6	80.8
Employment income (%)	66.6	69.4	63.0	66.6	69.4	63.0
Government transfers (%)	15.4	12.4	19.3	15.4	12.4	19.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,260	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	...	...	51,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,280	...	...	44,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,600	...	...	119,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	335	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	670	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	770	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,425	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,415	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,345	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,385	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,510	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,400	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,800	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,685	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,525	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,315	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,070	...	...	38.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,225	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,100	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,805	...	...	10.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,940	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	690	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	810	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,500	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,620	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,595	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,655	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,710	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,630	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,365	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,050	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,875	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,570	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,190	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,110	...	...	30.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,310	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,875	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,920	...	...	10.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,000	...	...	146,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,065	8,075	7,985	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	39,600	37,200	38,400	39,600	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,400	34,400	35,200	36,400	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,100	...	...	120,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...	108,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,500	...	...	90,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,800	...	...	157,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,200	...	...	131,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...	68,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,100	7,895	8,200	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,800	49,960	45,680	47,800	49,960	45,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,320	42,600	40,080	41,320	42,600	40,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	81,920	40,720	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,555	7,490	7,065	17.8	18.4	17.2
0 to 5 years	4,585	2,350	2,240	5.6	5.8	5.4
18 to 64 years	49,745	24,785	24,960	60.7	60.9	60.6
65 years and over	17,615	8,445	9,170	21.5	20.7	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,660	4,485	5,170	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,265	1,140	1,125	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	805	395	415	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,460	2,605	2,850	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,940	735	1,200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.0	12.6	11.8	11.0	12.6
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.2	15.9	15.6	15.2	15.9
0 to 5 years (%)	17.6	16.7	18.5	17.6	16.7	18.5
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	10.5	11.4	11.0	10.5	11.4
65 years and over (%)	11.0	8.7	13.1	11.0	8.7	13.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	79,850	39,690	40,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,895	7,150	6,745	17.4	18.0	16.8
0 to 5 years	4,380	2,245	2,135	5.5	5.7	5.3
18 to 64 years	48,560	24,200	24,360	60.8	61.0	60.6
65 years and over	17,400	8,335	9,060	21.8	21.0	22.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,700	1,995	1,700	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	580	290	285	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	220	110	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,910	1,600	1,310	...	...	...
65 years and over	215	105	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	5.0	4.2	4.6	5.0	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	4.9	5.2	5.0	4.9	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.6	5.4	6.0	6.6	5.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	81,920	40,720	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	39,165	18,890	20,275	47.8	46.4	49.2
In bottom decile	8,950	4,400	4,550	10.9	10.8	11.0
In second decile	8,045	3,675	4,365	9.8	9.0	10.6
In third decile	7,620	3,680	3,945	9.3	9.0	9.6
In fourth decile	7,080	3,440	3,645	8.6	8.4	8.8
In fifth decile	7,465	3,700	3,765	9.1	9.1	9.1
In top half of the distribution	42,755	21,830	20,920	52.2	53.6	50.8
In sixth decile	8,040	3,995	4,045	9.8	9.8	9.8
In seventh decile	8,545	4,310	4,230	10.4	10.6	10.3
In eighth decile	8,890	4,550	4,345	10.9	11.2	10.5
In ninth decile	9,495	4,885	4,605	11.6	12.0	11.2
In top decile	7,780	4,085	3,690	9.5	10.0	9.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	81,915	...	...	81,915	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.320	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.440	...	...	0.440	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	82,430	40,950	41,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	73,600	36,985	36,610	89.3	90.3	88.3
French only	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	8,325	3,740	4,585	10.1	9.1	11.1
Neither English nor French	340	150	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	82,430	40,950	41,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	79,105	39,340	39,760	96.0	96.1	95.9
French	2,875	1,430	1,450	3.5	3.5	3.5
English and French	140	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	310	130	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	82,430	40,950	41,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	80,465	39,975	40,490	97.6	97.6	97.6
Official languages	72,000	35,950	36,050	87.3	87.8	86.9
English	68,975	34,455	34,525	83.7	84.1	83.2
French	3,025	1,500	1,530	3.7	3.7	3.7
Non-official languages	8,460	4,025	4,440	10.3	9.8	10.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	695	275	425	0.8	0.7	1.0
Algonquian languages	690	270	415	0.8	0.7	1.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	645	260	385	0.8	0.6	0.9
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	165	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ojibway languages	485	200	285	0.6	0.5	0.7
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	475	195	280	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,765	3,745	4,020	9.4	9.1	9.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	325	180	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	310	170	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	300	160	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	370	235	135	0.4	0.6	0.3
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	275	180	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamil	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,675	2,285	2,390	5.7	5.6	5.8
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,075	475	600	1.3	1.2	1.4
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,060	470	590	1.3	1.1	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	440	185	265	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	180	70	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	520	245	270	0.6	0.6	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	350	160	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	335	160	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	930	540	385	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	775	455	320	0.9	1.1	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	175	120	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,065	985	1,085	2.5	2.4	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,515	720	795	1.8	1.8	1.9
Portuguese	280	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	250	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	500	250	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	460	225	230	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	325	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,425	605	820	1.7	1.5	2.0
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	1,350	565	780	1.6	1.4	1.9
Hungarian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,970	980	985	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	595	285	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,245	630	615	1.5	1.5	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	82,430	40,950	41,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	72,900	36,435	36,465	88.4	89.0	87.9
French	815	400	420	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official language	1,300	605	695	1.6	1.5	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,210	570	635	1.5	1.4	1.5
English and French	1,650	725	920	2.0	1.8	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	5,445	2,640	2,810	6.6	6.4	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	82,430	40,950	41,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	81,095	40,295	40,800	98.4	98.4	98.4
Official languages	78,310	38,930	39,380	95.0	95.1	94.9
English	77,255	38,435	38,820	93.7	93.9	93.6
French	1,055	495	560	1.3	1.2	1.4
Non-official languages	2,785	1,365	1,420	3.4	3.3	3.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	160	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway languages	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,625	1,305	1,320	3.2	3.2	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	235	150	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	175	115	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	25	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,420	680	735	1.7	1.7	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	260	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	260	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	545	315	230	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	450	265	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	560	230	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	385	155	230	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portuguese	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	250	120	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	280	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	270	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,335	660	680	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	300	130	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,010	515	495	1.2	1.3	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	82,430	40,955	41,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,180	38,010	38,175	92.4	92.8	92.0
English	1,415	670	745	1.7	1.6	1.8
French	1,160	520	640	1.4	1.3	1.5
Non-official language	3,140	1,470	1,670	3.8	3.6	4.0
Indigenous³⁹	545	220	325	0.7	0.5	0.8
Non-Indigenous	2,595	1,250	1,340	3.1	3.1	3.2
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	170	115	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	81,990	40,790	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	81,630	40,605	41,020	99.6	99.5	99.6
English	81,510	40,535	40,970	99.4	99.4	99.5
French	8,565	3,905	4,655	10.4	9.6	11.3
Non-official languages	12,050	5,840	6,210	14.7	14.3	15.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,400	560	840	1.7	1.4	2.0
Algonquian languages	1,380	560	820	1.7	1.4	2.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,305	530	770	1.6	1.3	1.9
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	270	80	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ojibway languages	1,055	450	605	1.3	1.1	1.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,040	445	600	1.3	1.1	1.5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,675	5,290	5,385	13.0	13.0	13.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	315	200	0.6	0.8	0.5
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	500	305	200	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	475	280	195	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	245	80	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	200	65	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	490	315	170	0.6	0.8	0.4
Kannada	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	380	260	120	0.5	0.6	0.3
Tamil	120	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,865	3,440	3,430	8.4	8.4	8.3
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,210	595	615	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baltic languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,200	595	605	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	455	220	235	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	145	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	360	185	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	295	160	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbian	80	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	215	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	875	385	495	1.1	0.9	1.2
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	580	260	320	0.7	0.6	0.8
German	560	255	310	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pennsylvania German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	60	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,460	840	620	1.8	2.1	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,245	740	515	1.5	1.8	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	275	165	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	795	500	290	1.0	1.2	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	60	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	305	200	100	0.4	0.5	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	150	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,335	1,635	1,700	4.1	4.0	4.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,285	1,125	1,165	2.8	2.8	2.8
Portuguese	350	180	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	775	365	410	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	95	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	140	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	680	315	365	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	620	280	340	0.8	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	430	195	235	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,655	790	865	2.0	1.9	2.1
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	1,590	740	845	1.9	1.8	2.1
Hungarian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	81,990	40,790	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	13,620	6,440	7,185	16.6	15.8	17.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	13,360	6,315	7,040	16.3	15.5	17.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,450	5,010	5,445	12.7	12.3	13.2
Métis	2,900	1,305	1,595	3.5	3.2	3.9
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	125	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	68,365	34,355	34,010	83.4	84.2	82.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	81,990	40,790	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	9,385	4,495	4,890	11.4	11.0	11.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	72,600	36,295	36,305	88.5	89.0	88.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,830	...	...	69.9	...	...
Renter	10,535	...	...	28.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	600	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,635	...	...	4.4	...	...
Not condominium	35,325	...	...	95.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,955	...	...	10.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,215	...	...	24.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,440	...	...	39.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,225	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,555	...	...	23.1	...	...
5 rooms	6,345	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	6,165	...	...	16.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,200	...	...	14.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,700	...	...	28.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	36,625	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	335	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	35,895	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,070	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,265	...	...	33.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,075	...	...	32.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,100	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,650	...	...	9.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	960	...	...	2.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	995	...	...	2.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,005	...	...	2.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	910	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,785	...	...	91.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,180	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,415	...	...	55.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,490	...	...	41.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,060	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,240	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,770	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,275	...	...	14.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,785	...	...	15.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,960	...	...	21.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,980	...	...	18.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,585	...	...	9.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,370	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,940	...	...	85.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,150	...	...	14.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,680	...	...	13.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,630	...	...	23.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,565	...	...	12.3	...	...
Not suitable only	825	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,485	...	...	6.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	510	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,330	...	...	76.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,990	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not in core need	32,625	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,715	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.9	...	...	48.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,111	...	...	1,111	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	294,000	...	...	294,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	307,600	...	...	307,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.7	...	...	22.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.0	...	...	28.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	979	...	...	979	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	600	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	324	...	...	324	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	362	...	...	362	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	81,985	40,795	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,455	3,570	3,880	9.1	8.8	9.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	7,435	3,560	3,875	9.1	8.7	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,940	3,350	3,590	8.5	8.2	8.7
Métis single ancestry	490	205	285	0.6	0.5	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,745	3,190	3,550	8.2	7.8	8.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,490	3,070	3,420	7.9	7.5	8.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,740	2,250	2,490	5.8	5.5	6.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,725	810	910	2.1	2.0	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	250	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	67,795	34,030	33,765	82.7	83.4	82.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	81,990	40,795	41,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	78,735	39,005	39,735	96.0	95.6	96.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,270	7,315	6,955	17.4	17.9	16.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	64,470	31,680	32,780	78.6	77.7	79.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,250	1,790	1,460	4.0	4.4	3.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	81,990	40,795	41,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	73,225	36,205	37,015	89.3	88.7	89.8
Immigrants⁸¹	7,090	3,550	3,545	8.6	8.7	8.6
Before 1980	3,775	1,930	1,840	4.6	4.7	4.5
1980 to 1990	665	325	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
1991 to 2000	515	275	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
2001 to 2010	805	385	420	1.0	0.9	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,340	635	705	1.6	1.6	1.7
2011 to 2015	515	230	285	0.6	0.6	0.7
2016 to 2021	825	405	415	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,675	1,040	640	2.0	2.5	1.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,090	3,550	3,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,010	575	440	14.2	16.2	12.4
5 to 14 years	1,470	785	680	20.7	22.1	19.2
15 to 24 years	1,825	925	900	25.7	26.1	25.4
25 to 44 years	2,515	1,160	1,360	35.5	32.7	38.4
45 years and over	270	110	160	3.8	3.1	4.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,090	3,550	3,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	915	380	540	12.9	10.7	15.2
Brazil	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Colombia	45	35	15	0.6	1.0	0.4
El Salvador	25	15	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Guyana	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.6
Mexico	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Peru	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
United States of America	495	180	320	7.0	5.1	9.0
Other places of birth in Americas	185	85	105	2.6	2.4	3.0
Europe	4,145	2,145	1,995	58.5	60.4	56.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.8
Croatia	150	90	65	2.1	2.5	1.8
France	55	10	40	0.8	0.3	1.1
Germany	345	190	160	4.9	5.4	4.5
Greece	35	20	10	0.5	0.6	0.3
Hungary	25	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	1,155	600	550	16.3	16.9	15.5
Netherlands	90	40	45	1.3	1.1	1.3
Poland	245	120	120	3.5	3.4	3.4
Portugal	215	130	85	3.0	3.7	2.4
Romania	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	30	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	665	365	295	9.4	10.3	8.3
Other places of birth in Europe	1,030	500	535	14.5	14.1	15.1
Africa	360	210	145	5.1	5.9	4.1
Algeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Egypt	45	30	15	0.6	0.8	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Somalia	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	35	0.8	0.8	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	195	105	90	2.8	3.0	2.5
Asia	1,610	765	840	22.7	21.5	23.7
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	85	45	40	1.2	1.3	1.1
Iraq	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	100	55	40	1.4	1.5	1.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	230	95	130	3.2	2.7	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	185	60	125	2.6	1.7	3.5
Viet Nam	90	35	60	1.3	1.0	1.7
Bangladesh	55	30	30	0.8	0.8	0.8
India	380	225	155	5.4	6.3	4.4
Pakistan	100	35	60	1.4	1.0	1.7
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	240	110	130	3.4	3.1	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	40	15	0.8	1.1	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	820	405	420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	80	35	45	9.8	8.6	10.7
Brazil	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	0	15	3.0	0.0	3.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	15	4.9	4.9	3.6
Europe	95	45	55	11.6	11.1	13.1
France	20	0	15	2.4	0.0	3.6
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	10	1.8	2.5	2.4
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	20	10	3.0	4.9	2.4
Africa	75	40	35	9.1	9.9	8.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	15	10	3.7	3.7	2.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Somalia	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	15	10	10	1.8	2.5	2.4
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	565	280	285	68.9	69.1	67.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	25	10	10	3.0	2.5	2.4
China⁹⁰	45	15	25	5.5	3.7	6.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	230	125	100	28.0	30.9	23.8
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	1.8	2.5	2.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	20	3.0	2.5	4.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	25	40	7.3	6.2	9.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	55	40	11.0	13.6	9.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	15	0	0	1.8	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	0	1.8	2.5	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	81,990	40,790	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,205	4,845	4,360	11.2	11.9	10.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,400	6,565	6,835	16.3	16.1	16.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	59,385	29,385	30,000	72.4	72.0	72.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,320	1,620	1,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,560	815	745	47.0	50.3	43.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	695	445	255	20.9	27.5	15.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	860	370	485	25.9	22.8	28.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,165	460	700	35.1	28.4	41.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	590	340	245	17.8	21.0	14.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,320	1,620	1,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	120	85	30	3.6	5.2	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	390	160	230	11.7	9.9	13.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	175	55	125	5.3	3.4	7.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	250	150	100	7.5	9.3	5.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	35	35	2.3	2.2	2.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,310	1,130	1,180	69.6	69.8	69.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	81,990	40,790	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,265	2,880	2,385	6.4	7.1	5.8
South Asian	1,870	1,145	725	2.3	2.8	1.8
Chinese	775	390	385	0.9	1.0	0.9
Black	785	420	365	1.0	1.0	0.9
Filipino	215	65	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Arab	410	250	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Latin American	275	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	260	105	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	150	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	76,725	37,915	38,810	93.6	93.0	94.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	81,990	40,795	41,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,035	4,590	4,445	11.0	11.3	10.8
English	17,625	8,635	8,985	21.5	21.2	21.8
Irish	14,015	6,535	7,475	17.1	16.0	18.1
Scottish	14,535	6,970	7,565	17.7	17.1	18.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,440	6,065	6,380	15.2	14.9	15.5
German	7,265	3,600	3,660	8.9	8.8	8.9
Chinese	805	410	400	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italian	9,900	5,020	4,880	12.1	12.3	11.8
Indian (India)	1,200	770	430	1.5	1.9	1.0
Ukrainian	7,430	3,565	3,865	9.1	8.7	9.4
Dutch	2,250	1,010	1,245	2.7	2.5	3.0
Polish	4,130	1,925	2,210	5.0	4.7	5.4
Québécois	210	100	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,150	1,050	1,105	2.6	2.6	2.7
Filipino	240	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
French Canadian	1,505	685	820	1.8	1.7	2.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,090	555	530	1.3	1.4	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,525	2,610	2,915	6.7	6.4	7.1
Métis	2,470	1,150	1,330	3.0	2.8	3.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,040	535	505	1.3	1.3	1.2
Russian	875	440	435	1.1	1.1	1.1
Norwegian	1,950	1,035	920	2.4	2.5	2.2
Welsh	1,375	685	690	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	790	460	325	1.0	1.1	0.8
American	735	325	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
Spanish	350	165	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	3,170	1,385	1,785	3.9	3.4	4.3
Hungarian	620	310	310	0.8	0.8	0.8
Acadian	170	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
Pakistani	140	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	135	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	240	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	460	220	240	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jamaican	205	110	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	120	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	555	235	315	0.7	0.6	0.8
Korean	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	340	170	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	775	400	375	0.9	1.0	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,545	800	745	1.9	2.0	1.8
Sikh	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	625	330	295	0.8	0.8	0.7
Belgian	310	145	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	130	60	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Swiss	355	165	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
Finnish	9,345	4,555	4,790	11.4	11.2	11.6
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	850	440	415	1.0	1.1	1.0
Japanese	180	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	90	75	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	200	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	405	170	235	0.5	0.4	0.6
Muslim	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	535	285	250	0.7	0.7	0.6
Colombian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	3,215	1,585	1,630	3.9	3.9	4.0
Newfoundlander	215	85	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	360	160	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
Persian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	55	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	975	435	535	1.2	1.1	1.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	235	90	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Somali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	270	125	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	125	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	190	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	125	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	145	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	395	205	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	320	130	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
Vincentian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	81,990	40,790	41,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	46,480	21,780	24,700	56.7	53.4	60.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,850	1,940	1,910	4.7	4.8	4.6
Anabaptist	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,785	1,750	2,035	4.6	4.3	4.9
Baptist	815	390	425	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catholic	25,910	12,295	13,610	31.6	30.1	33.0
Christian Orthodox	475	215	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	240	95	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	3,765	1,710	2,055	4.6	4.2	5.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	715	335	385	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	960	450	510	1.2	1.1	1.2
Reformed	140	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
United Church	3,955	1,635	2,320	4.8	4.0	5.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,635	755	880	2.0	1.9	2.1
Hindu	775	495	275	0.9	1.2	0.7
Jewish	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	905	525	380	1.1	1.3	0.9
Sikh	205	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	575	255	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	690	310	380	0.8	0.8	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	32,135	17,205	14,925	39.2	42.2	36.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	81,370	40,510	40,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	72,475	36,055	36,420	89.1	89.0	89.1
Movers	8,900	4,455	4,445	10.9	11.0	10.9
Non-migrants	6,095	3,070	3,030	7.5	7.6	7.4
Migrants	2,805	1,390	1,420	3.4	3.4	3.5
Internal migrants	2,460	1,210	1,245	3.0	3.0	3.0
Intraprovincial migrants	1,980	965	1,015	2.4	2.4	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	480	250	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	345	175	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	78,255	38,835	39,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	51,350	25,540	25,810	65.6	65.8	65.5
Movers	26,900	13,295	13,605	34.4	34.2	34.5
Non-migrants	13,915	6,615	7,295	17.8	17.0	18.5
Migrants	12,990	6,680	6,310	16.6	17.2	16.0
Internal migrants	10,840	5,440	5,400	13.9	14.0	13.7
Intraprovincial migrants	9,235	4,590	4,645	11.8	11.8	11.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,605	855	755	2.1	2.2	1.9
External migrants	2,140	1,230	910	2.7	3.2	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,890	34,560	35,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,440	7,690	6,750	20.7	22.3	19.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,445	26,870	28,580	79.3	77.7	80.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,865	21,090	21,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,585	3,165	2,420	13.0	15.0	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,285	17,930	19,355	87.0	85.0	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,885	34,560	35,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,535	6,390	6,145	17.9	18.5	17.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,845	9,515	9,330	27.0	27.5	26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,510	18,650	19,855	55.1	54.0	56.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,880	11,890	10,990	32.7	34.4	31.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,125	4,155	975	7.3	12.0	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,195	1,575	620	3.1	4.6	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,930	2,575	355	4.2	7.5	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,365	7,090	9,275	23.4	20.5	26.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,385	645	735	2.0	1.9	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,630	6,760	8,865	22.4	19.6	25.1
Bachelor's degree	10,485	4,330	6,150	15.0	12.5	17.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,075	495	580	1.5	1.4	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	500	320	180	0.7	0.9	0.5
Master's degree	2,950	1,280	1,675	4.2	3.7	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	610	335	275	0.9	1.0	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,870	21,095	21,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,750	2,655	2,095	11.1	12.6	9.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,915	5,795	5,115	25.5	27.5	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,205	12,635	14,565	63.5	59.9	66.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,415	7,740	7,680	36.0	36.7	35.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,930	2,335	595	6.8	11.1	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,310	905	405	3.1	4.3	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,620	1,425	190	3.8	6.8	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,720	5,055	6,670	27.3	24.0	30.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	765	355	410	1.8	1.7	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,785	4,900	6,885	27.5	23.2	31.6
Bachelor's degree	7,780	3,165	4,610	18.1	15.0	21.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	750	290	460	1.7	1.4	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	400	230	170	0.9	1.1	0.8
Master's degree	2,385	965	1,415	5.6	4.6	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	470	250	220	1.1	1.2	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,890	34,565	35,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,380	15,910	15,470	44.9	46.0	43.8
Education	2,810	740	2,070	4.0	2.1	5.9
13. Education	2,810	740	2,070	4.0	2.1	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	825	435	395	1.2	1.3	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	75	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	725	355	370	1.0	1.0	1.0
Humanities	1,545	570	975	2.2	1.6	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	490	140	355	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	170	315	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	235	140	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,100	1,155	2,945	5.9	3.3	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	0	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	100	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,115	105	1,010	1.6	0.3	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	445	200	240	0.6	0.6	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	35	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	945	215	725	1.4	0.6	2.1
45. Social sciences	1,085	490	595	1.6	1.4	1.7
Business, management and public administration	6,735	2,360	4,375	9.6	6.8	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,445	255	1,195	2.1	0.7	3.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,285	2,100	3,185	7.6	6.1	9.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,650	920	730	2.4	2.7	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	645	305	340	0.9	0.9	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	180	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	560	395	160	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	990	555	430	1.4	1.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	740	465	275	1.1	1.3	0.8
25. Library science	135	10	120	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,600	8,080	520	12.3	23.4	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	150	120	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,430	1,190	240	2.0	3.4	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,070	1,940	130	3.0	5.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,590	1,565	25	2.3	4.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,170	2,140	30	3.1	6.2	0.1
48. Precision production	1,195	1,130	70	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,210	775	435	1.7	2.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	95	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	960	685	280	1.4	2.0	0.8
Health and related fields	7,530	1,560	5,975	10.8	4.5	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	685	315	365	1.0	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,595	1,110	5,480	9.4	3.2	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,485	1,495	985	3.6	4.3	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,065	285	780	1.5	0.8	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	660	495	165	0.9	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	755	710	40	1.1	2.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	42,865	21,090	21,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,665	8,450	7,215	36.5	40.1	33.1
Education	1,910	465	1,445	4.5	2.2	6.6
13. Education	1,910	465	1,445	4.5	2.2	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	615	315	300	1.4	1.5	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	565	275	290	1.3	1.3	1.3
Humanities	1,030	370	655	2.4	1.8	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	320	90	225	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	325	135	190	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	175	100	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,150	825	2,330	7.3	3.9	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	85	130	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	885	80	800	2.1	0.4	3.7
22. Legal professions and studies	370	160	205	0.9	0.8	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	25	100	0.3	0.1	0.5
42. Psychology	740	140	605	1.7	0.7	2.8
45. Social sciences	755	330	425	1.8	1.6	2.0
Business, management and public administration	4,900	1,655	3,245	11.4	7.8	14.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,105	160	945	2.6	0.8	4.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,795	1,495	2,300	8.9	7.1	10.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,250	640	610	2.9	3.0	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	515	230	285	1.2	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	135	140	0.7	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	380	245	135	0.9	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	680	415	265	1.6	2.0	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	560	370	190	1.3	1.8	0.9
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,605	5,170	435	13.1	24.5	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	125	90	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	1,085	885	200	2.5	4.2	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,380	1,270	110	3.2	6.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	915	895	20	2.1	4.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,350	1,320	30	3.1	6.3	0.1
48. Precision production	750	700	50	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	855	515	335	2.0	2.4	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	170	70	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	680	445	235	1.6	2.1	1.1
Health and related fields	5,420	1,220	4,200	12.6	5.8	19.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	525	245	280	1.2	1.2	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,650	855	3,800	10.8	4.1	17.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	100	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,780	1,045	735	4.2	5.0	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	740	175	565	1.7	0.8	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	485	350	135	1.1	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	555	520	35	1.3	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	42,865	21,090	21,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,665	8,450	7,215	36.5	40.1	33.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,200	12,640	14,560	63.5	59.9	66.9
Location of study inside Canada	25,165	11,590	13,575	58.7	55.0	62.3
Same as province or territory of residence	23,325	10,770	12,550	54.4	51.1	57.6
Different than province or territory of residence	1,835	810	1,025	4.3	3.8	4.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,035	1,050	985	4.7	5.0	4.5
Americas	475	220	255	1.1	1.0	1.2
United States of America	370	170	205	0.9	0.8	0.9
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	350	175	175	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,060	575	485	2.5	2.7	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	110	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	115	25	95	0.3	0.1	0.4
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	540	355	175	1.3	1.7	0.8
Pakistan	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Oceania	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	65	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	69,885	34,560	35,325	...	...	...
In the labour force	40,140	20,835	19,305	...	...	...
Employed	35,840	18,595	17,240	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,310	2,240	2,065	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,745	13,725	16,020	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.4	60.3	54.6	57.4	60.3	54.6
Employment rate	51.3	53.8	48.8	51.3	53.8	48.8
Unemployment rate	10.7	10.8	10.7	10.7	10.8	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	69,890	34,565	35,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,020	13,380	15,635	41.5	38.7	44.3
Worked	40,870	21,185	19,685	58.5	61.3	55.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	20,925	11,355	9,570	29.9	32.9	27.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,955	9,835	10,120	28.6	28.5	28.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	40.8	40.5	40.7	40.8	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	40,145	20,840	19,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	455	370	2.1	2.2	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,315	20,380	18,935	97.9	97.8	98.1
Employee	35,675	18,135	17,540	88.9	87.0	90.9
Permanent position	28,970	14,730	14,245	72.2	70.7	73.8
Temporary position	6,705	3,405	3,300	16.7	16.3	17.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,065	920	1,145	5.1	4.4	5.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,640	2,485	2,150	11.6	11.9	11.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,645	2,245	1,395	9.1	10.8	7.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	40,145	20,840	19,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	455	370	2.1	2.2	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,315	20,380	18,935	97.9	97.8	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	335	200	140	0.8	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,355	1,485	3,875	13.3	7.1	20.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,410	1,880	535	6.0	9.0	2.8
3 Health occupations	4,515	1,080	3,430	11.2	5.2	17.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,510	2,175	4,335	16.2	10.4	22.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	755	315	435	1.9	1.5	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	9,705	4,345	5,365	24.2	20.8	27.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,315	6,785	525	18.2	32.6	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,340	1,170	170	3.3	5.6	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,070	945	130	2.7	4.5	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	40,145	20,840	19,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	830	455	370	2.1	2.2	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	39,315	20,380	18,935	97.9	97.8	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	830	595	235	2.1	2.9	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,420	1,245	175	3.5	6.0	0.9
22 Utilities	550	455	95	1.4	2.2	0.5
23 Construction	2,780	2,495	285	6.9	12.0	1.5
31-33 Manufacturing	1,535	1,195	345	3.8	5.7	1.8
41 Wholesale trade	645	525	120	1.6	2.5	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	4,870	2,370	2,505	12.1	11.4	13.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,195	1,775	420	5.5	8.5	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	600	370	235	1.5	1.8	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	785	285	500	2.0	1.4	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	415	265	150	1.0	1.3	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,030	1,210	820	5.1	5.8	4.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,205	780	430	3.0	3.7	2.2
61 Educational services	4,090	1,385	2,705	10.2	6.6	14.0
62 Health care and social assistance	7,725	1,660	6,065	19.2	8.0	31.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	600	295	305	1.5	1.4	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,495	1,115	1,380	6.2	5.4	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,565	845	715	3.9	4.1	3.7
91 Public administration	2,960	1,500	1,465	7.4	7.2	7.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	43,790	22,715	21,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	41,960	21,965	20,000	95.8	96.7	94.9
French	335	100	235	0.8	0.4	1.1
Non-official language	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	935	415	520	2.1	1.8	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	500	210	290	1.1	0.9	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	43,790	22,715	21,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,585	22,600	20,985	99.5	99.5	99.5
Official languages	43,485	22,555	20,930	99.3	99.3	99.3
English	43,010	22,405	20,605	98.2	98.6	97.7
French	475	150	325	1.1	0.7	1.5
Non-official languages	100	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	205	115	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	125	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	43,790	22,715	21,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,525	22,175	20,345	97.1	97.6	96.5
English	190	80	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
French	670	295	375	1.5	1.3	1.8
Non-official language	360	155	210	0.8	0.7	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	170	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-Indigenous	195	85	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	35,835	18,595	17,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,800	2,355	3,445	16.2	12.7	20.0
Worked outside Canada	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,160	3,205	955	11.6	17.2	5.5
Usual place of work	25,835	13,010	12,820	72.1	70.0	74.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	25,830	13,010	12,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,445	10,335	11,110	83.0	79.4	86.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,720	2,135	1,585	14.4	16.4	12.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	575	470	100	2.2	3.6	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	95	75	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	29,995	16,220	13,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,600	14,450	12,150	88.7	89.1	88.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,585	13,460	11,125	82.0	83.0	80.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,015	985	1,030	6.7	6.1	7.5
Public transit	895	530	365	3.0	3.3	2.6
Walked	1,680	785	895	5.6	4.8	6.5
Bicycle	225	130	95	0.8	0.8	0.7
Other method	600	325	275	2.0	2.0	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	29,995	16,220	13,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,160	7,205	7,950	50.5	44.4	57.7
15 to 29 minutes	9,935	5,675	4,255	33.1	35.0	30.9
30 to 44 minutes	2,735	1,715	1,020	9.1	10.6	7.4
45 to 59 minutes	805	545	265	2.7	3.4	1.9
60 minutes and over	1,355	1,075	280	4.5	6.6	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	29,995	16,220	13,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,605	1,270	335	5.4	7.8	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,895	2,410	1,485	13.0	14.9	10.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,885	4,460	3,425	26.3	27.5	24.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,420	3,665	4,755	28.1	22.6	34.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,565	1,660	1,905	11.9	10.2	13.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,625	2,760	1,865	15.4	17.0	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,850	7,660	7,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,870	945	930	12.6	12.3	12.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,975	6,715	6,260	87.4	87.7	87.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,835	5,600	5,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,415	705	710	13.1	12.6	13.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	940	450	490	8.7	8.0	9.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	475	250	225	4.4	4.5	4.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,420	4,900	4,520	86.9	87.5	86.3

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 10, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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