Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thunder Bay, District (DIS)More information: Ontario [Census division]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	146,862	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	146,048	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	0.6	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	72,510	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	64,601	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1.4	...	...	1.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	102,895.48	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	146,860	73,090	73,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,630	11,170	10,455	14.7	15.3	14.2
0 to 4 years	6,765	3,455	3,310	4.6	4.7	4.5
5 to 9 years	7,325	3,855	3,475	5.0	5.3	4.7
10 to 14 years	7,535	3,865	3,675	5.1	5.3	5.0
15 to 64 years	93,095	46,665	46,430	63.4	63.8	62.9
15 to 19 years	7,310	3,805	3,505	5.0	5.2	4.8
20 to 24 years	9,005	4,815	4,190	6.1	6.6	5.7
25 to 29 years	9,860	5,050	4,805	6.7	6.9	6.5
30 to 34 years	9,185	4,665	4,525	6.3	6.4	6.1
35 to 39 years	8,665	4,315	4,350	5.9	5.9	5.9
40 to 44 years	8,035	3,940	4,095	5.5	5.4	5.6
45 to 49 years	8,355	4,120	4,240	5.7	5.6	5.7
50 to 54 years	9,270	4,525	4,745	6.3	6.2	6.4
55 to 59 years	11,285	5,515	5,770	7.7	7.5	7.8
60 to 64 years	12,115	5,910	6,210	8.2	8.1	8.4
65 years and over	32,140	15,250	16,890	21.9	20.9	22.9
65 to 69 years	10,445	5,220	5,225	7.1	7.1	7.1
70 to 74 years	8,690	4,285	4,405	5.9	5.9	6.0
75 to 79 years	5,425	2,610	2,815	3.7	3.6	3.8
80 to 84 years	3,700	1,645	2,055	2.5	2.3	2.8
85 years and over	3,880	1,490	2,395	2.6	2.0	3.2
85 to 89 years	2,380	995	1,385	1.6	1.4	1.9
90 to 94 years	1,165	415	755	0.8	0.6	1.0
95 to 99 years	305	75	225	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.3	14.2	14.7	15.3	14.2
15 to 64 years	63.4	63.8	62.9	63.4	63.8	62.9
65 years and over	21.9	20.9	22.9	21.9	20.9	22.9
85 years and over	2.6	2.0	3.2	2.6	2.0	3.2
Average age of the population	43.8	42.9	44.7	43.8	42.9	44.7
Median age of the population	44.8	43.2	46.0	44.8	43.2	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	46,220	...	...	71.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,290	...	...	3.5	...	...
Row house	1,715	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,500	...	...	3.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,495	...	...	13.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,575	...	...	4.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	660	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	21,265	...	...	32.9	...	...
2 persons	23,555	...	...	36.5	...	...
3 persons	8,885	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	7,185	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	3,715	...	...	5.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	144,340	71,855	72,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	125,235	61,915	63,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	68,375	34,075	34,300	54.6	55.0	54.2
Married	52,970	26,405	26,560	42.3	42.6	41.9
Living common-law	15,405	7,665	7,740	12.3	12.4	12.2
Living common law - Never married	11,245	5,625	5,620	9.0	9.1	8.9
Living common law - Separated	805	415	390	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,875	1,445	1,430	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	480	185	295	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	56,860	27,840	29,015	45.4	45.0	45.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,385	20,485	15,900	29.1	33.1	25.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,095	1,820	2,275	3.3	2.9	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,840	3,480	4,360	6.3	5.6	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,545	2,065	6,480	6.8	3.3	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	41,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	23,850	...	...	57.7	...	...
3 persons	8,260	...	...	20.0	...	...
4 persons	6,515	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,685	...	...	6.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	41,305	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	33,570	...	...	81.3	...	...
Married couples	25,865	...	...	62.6	...	...
With children⁶	11,525	...	...	27.9	...	...
Without children	14,350	...	...	34.7	...	...
Common-law couples	7,705	...	...	18.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,005	...	...	7.3	...	...
Without children	4,695	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	7,735	...	...	18.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	5,800	...	...	14.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,930	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	144,340	71,855	72,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	113,075	56,095	56,980	78.3	78.1	78.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	67,140	33,475	33,665	46.5	46.6	46.4
Parents in one-parent families	7,730	1,930	5,805	5.4	2.7	8.0
Children⁶	38,195	20,690	17,505	26.5	28.8	24.2
In a two-parent family	26,185	14,120	12,060	18.1	19.7	16.6
In a one-parent family	12,015	6,565	5,445	8.3	9.1	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	31,270	15,765	15,505	21.7	21.9	21.4
Living alone	21,260	10,210	11,055	14.7	14.2	15.3
Living with other relatives⁷	3,450	1,650	1,795	2.4	2.3	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	6,555	3,900	2,655	4.5	5.4	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	37,440	...	...	58.0	...	...
Couple-family households	31,265	...	...	48.4	...	...
With children⁶	13,505	...	...	20.9	...	...
Without children	17,755	...	...	27.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,175	...	...	9.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,180	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	205	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,725	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,795	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	21,265	...	...	32.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	122,735	60,705	62,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	118,720	58,555	60,165	96.7	96.5	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,400	38,400	43,200	48,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	118,760	58,570	60,185	96.8	96.5	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,200	35,200	38,800	43,200	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	104,850	52,675	52,175	85.4	86.8	84.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	30,400	36,400	43,200	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,775	42,175	39,605	66.6	69.5	63.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	33,600	38,000	43,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	108,125	52,625	55,495	88.1	86.7	89.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	9,400	11,500	10,500	9,400	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,445	6,395	6,050	10.1	10.5	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,000	5,480	5,720	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,070	13,805	15,265	23.7	22.7	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	122,750	60,735	62,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,040	58,755	60,285	97.0	96.7	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,800	58,350	45,440	51,800	58,350	45,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	119,080	58,775	60,305	97.0	96.8	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,120	48,760	39,560	44,120	48,760	39,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,920	52,770	52,150	85.5	86.9	84.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	54,300	39,240	46,800	54,300	39,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,775	42,290	39,485	66.6	69.6	63.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,880	53,000	40,360	46,880	53,000	40,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	108,260	52,825	55,435	88.2	87.0	89.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,590	10,660	12,480	11,590	10,660	12,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,460	6,420	6,035	10.2	10.6	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,960	6,910	7,010	6,960	6,910	7,010
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,765	13,640	15,120	23.4	22.5	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,690	8,430	8,910	8,690	8,430	8,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	122,750	60,740	62,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,425	19,825	16,600	29.7	32.6	26.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	71,500	58,800	65,000	71,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,400	78,700	64,800	72,400	78,700	64,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,240	15,960	17,275	27.1	26.3	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	23,000	18,200	20,200	23,000	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	35,520	24,880	30,000	35,520	24,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.6	83.6	74.8	79.6	83.6	74.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.2	65.4	58.2	62.2	65.4	58.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.4	16.4	25.3	20.4	16.4	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.8	5.9	4.8	3.8	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	4.9	4.1	3.4	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	122,740	60,700	62,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,020	2,150	1,865	3.3	3.5	3.0
With total income	118,720	58,555	60,170	96.7	96.5	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,235	3,645	4,590	6.9	6.2	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	13,570	5,610	7,960	11.4	9.6	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	17,420	7,410	10,005	14.7	12.7	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	15,650	6,900	8,750	13.2	11.8	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	14,295	6,645	7,650	12.0	11.3	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	11,820	5,740	6,080	10.0	9.8	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	9,345	4,925	4,420	7.9	8.4	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	7,205	4,010	3,200	6.1	6.8	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	5,205	3,130	2,075	4.4	5.3	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	4,190	2,535	1,660	3.5	4.3	2.8
$100,000 and over	11,785	8,000	3,780	9.9	13.7	6.3
$100,000 to $149,999	8,780	5,750	3,030	7.4	9.8	5.0
$150,000 and over	3,010	2,255	750	2.5	3.9	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	122,740	60,700	62,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,980	2,130	1,845	3.2	3.5	3.0
With after-tax income	118,760	58,575	60,185	96.8	96.5	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,740	3,760	4,980	7.4	6.4	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	14,065	5,830	8,240	11.8	10.0	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	19,885	8,430	11,450	16.7	14.4	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	18,635	8,615	10,025	15.7	14.7	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	16,585	7,975	8,610	14.0	13.6	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	12,680	6,550	6,130	10.7	11.2	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	8,950	5,070	3,875	7.5	8.7	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	6,370	3,880	2,490	5.4	6.6	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,735	2,795	1,945	4.0	4.8	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,825	1,860	965	2.4	3.2	1.6
$100,000 and over	5,295	3,820	1,480	4.5	6.5	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,120	2,245	880	2.6	3.8	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,175	1,580	595	1.8	2.7	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	122,740	60,700	62,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	40,960	18,530	22,430	33.4	30.5	36.2
With employment income	81,775	42,170	39,600	66.6	69.5	63.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,030	6,065	5,965	14.7	14.4	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	6,000	2,585	3,410	7.3	6.1	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	9,315	4,245	5,065	11.4	10.1	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,560	3,550	4,015	9.2	8.4	10.1
$30,000 to $39,999	7,280	3,450	3,830	8.9	8.2	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	7,205	3,160	4,045	8.8	7.5	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,755	3,260	3,495	8.3	7.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,605	2,920	2,685	6.9	6.9	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,465	2,580	1,890	5.5	6.1	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,595	2,265	1,325	4.4	5.4	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,265	1,900	1,365	4.0	4.5	3.4
$100,000 and over	8,705	6,195	2,515	10.6	14.7	6.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,640	3,050	1,595	5.7	7.2	4.0
$125,000 and over	4,065	3,145	925	5.0	7.5	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	122,735	60,705	62,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,255	57,735	59,520	95.5	95.1	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,600	36,000	41,200	47,600	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,310	57,740	59,570	95.6	95.1	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,400	32,800	37,200	42,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,330	52,265	52,070	85.0	86.1	83.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,800	31,800	37,600	44,800	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	82,895	42,460	40,430	67.5	69.9	65.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	34,000	38,800	45,200	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	102,935	49,925	53,015	83.9	82.2	85.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	3,640	7,450	6,120	3,640	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	10,725	5,650	5,070	8.7	9.3	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,600	5,560	5,600	5,600	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	122,750	60,735	62,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,420	57,810	59,610	95.7	95.2	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,560	56,550	42,800	49,560	56,550	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,450	57,810	59,640	95.7	95.2	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,960	47,000	37,120	41,960	47,000	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,380	52,295	52,085	85.0	86.1	84.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,000	54,650	39,320	47,000	54,650	39,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	82,880	42,605	40,270	67.5	70.1	64.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	53,200	40,000	46,800	53,200	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	102,915	49,915	53,000	83.8	82.2	85.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,860	8,220	9,470	8,860	8,220	9,470
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,615	5,525	5,090	8.6	9.1	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,170	6,760	7,610	7,170	6,760	7,610
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	122,750	60,740	62,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	36,205	19,670	16,535	29.5	32.4	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	68,500	54,800	60,800	68,500	54,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,300	74,800	60,600	68,300	74,800	60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,545	15,075	16,470	25.7	24.8	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	29,200	22,200	25,200	29,200	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,760	41,240	28,800	34,760	41,240	28,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4	87.4	80.4	84.4	87.4	80.4
Employment income (%)	66.6	69.4	63.2	66.6	69.4	63.2
Government transfers (%)	15.7	12.5	19.7	15.7	12.5	19.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	64,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	21,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	43,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	64,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,300	...	...	81,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,840	...	...	49,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,920	...	...	42,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	43,345	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...	117,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	570	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	345	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,210	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,395	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,485	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,440	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,345	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,420	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,625	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,530	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,980	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,765	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,470	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,065	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,705	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,255	...	...	37.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,530	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,405	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,475	...	...	10.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,855	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	620	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	355	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,240	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,460	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,635	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,800	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,795	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,900	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,015	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,925	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,915	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,375	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,045	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,595	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,895	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,035	...	...	29.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,485	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,980	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,570	...	...	10.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	41,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,675	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,270	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	27,820	14,110	13,710	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,600	36,800	38,000	39,600	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,000	34,000	34,800	36,000	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	41,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,200	...	...	118,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...	100,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,070	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...	89,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,715	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,600	...	...	154,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,215	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,900	...	...	76,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	27,740	13,820	13,925	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,480	48,600	44,400	46,480	48,600	44,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,280	41,520	39,040	40,280	41,520	39,040
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	144,340	71,860	72,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,935	13,415	12,525	18.0	18.7	17.3
0 to 5 years	8,225	4,220	4,005	5.7	5.9	5.5
18 to 64 years	87,820	43,755	44,070	60.8	60.9	60.8
65 years and over	30,585	14,695	15,890	21.2	20.4	21.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,790	7,935	8,860	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,005	2,090	1,915	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,425	730	695	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,400	4,520	4,875	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,390	1,320	2,070	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	11.0	12.2	11.6	11.0	12.2
0 to 17 years (%)	15.4	15.6	15.3	15.4	15.6	15.3
0 to 5 years (%)	17.3	17.2	17.4	17.3	17.2	17.4
18 to 64 years (%)	10.7	10.3	11.1	10.7	10.3	11.1
65 years and over (%)	11.1	9.0	13.0	11.1	9.0	13.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	140,730	70,045	70,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,800	12,815	11,985	17.6	18.3	17.0
0 to 5 years	7,880	4,035	3,845	5.6	5.8	5.4
18 to 64 years	85,765	42,745	43,015	60.9	61.0	60.9
65 years and over	30,170	14,480	15,685	21.4	20.7	22.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,410	3,450	2,960	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,010	525	485	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	395	200	200	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,015	2,760	2,250	...	...	...
65 years and over	385	165	220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.9	4.2	4.6	4.9	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	4.9	5.1	5.0	4.9	5.1
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9	6.5	5.2	5.9	6.5	5.2
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	144,340	71,860	72,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	70,165	34,020	36,140	48.6	47.3	49.9
In bottom decile	15,675	7,750	7,925	10.9	10.8	10.9
In second decile	14,090	6,530	7,555	9.8	9.1	10.4
In third decile	13,605	6,570	7,035	9.4	9.1	9.7
In fourth decile	13,215	6,460	6,750	9.2	9.0	9.3
In fifth decile	13,585	6,715	6,875	9.4	9.3	9.5
In top half of the distribution	74,175	37,835	36,340	51.4	52.7	50.1
In sixth decile	14,665	7,305	7,355	10.2	10.2	10.1
In seventh decile	15,350	7,745	7,605	10.6	10.8	10.5
In eighth decile	15,365	7,835	7,525	10.6	10.9	10.4
In ninth decile	15,915	8,195	7,725	11.0	11.4	10.7
In top decile	12,885	6,755	6,125	8.9	9.4	8.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	144,340	...	...	144,340	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.436	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	145,065	72,190	72,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	132,010	66,405	65,610	91.0	92.0	90.0
French only	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	12,300	5,450	6,855	8.5	7.5	9.4
Neither English nor French	545	245	300	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	145,065	72,190	72,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	140,495	69,990	70,505	96.8	97.0	96.7
French	3,880	1,910	1,975	2.7	2.6	2.7
English and French	195	75	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	490	215	275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	145,065	72,190	72,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	141,905	70,645	71,255	97.8	97.9	97.8
Official languages	128,315	64,110	64,205	88.5	88.8	88.1
English	124,210	62,095	62,115	85.6	86.0	85.2
French	4,105	2,015	2,090	2.8	2.8	2.9
Non-official languages	13,590	6,535	7,055	9.4	9.1	9.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,375	575	805	0.9	0.8	1.1
Algonquian languages	1,365	570	800	0.9	0.8	1.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,280	535	740	0.9	0.7	1.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	410	155	250	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ojibway languages	865	380	485	0.6	0.5	0.7
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	845	365	480	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,215	5,960	6,250	8.4	8.3	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	420	235	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	385	220	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	360	200	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	350	130	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	275	100	175	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	700	470	235	0.5	0.7	0.3
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	500	335	160	0.3	0.5	0.2
Tamil	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	125	85	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,585	3,705	3,875	5.2	5.1	5.3
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,795	785	1,015	1.2	1.1	1.4
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,770	770	1,000	1.2	1.1	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	765	320	440	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	410	160	255	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	970	465	505	0.7	0.6	0.7
Frisian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	570	270	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	555	260	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	300	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	265	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,455	840	615	1.0	1.2	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,255	730	525	0.9	1.0	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	350	235	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	270	155	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	265	150	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	200	115	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,210	1,545	1,665	2.2	2.1	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,375	1,135	1,245	1.6	1.6	1.7
Portuguese	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	410	200	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	850	420	425	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	610	300	315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	380	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	240	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
S'gaw Karen	190	100	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,795	775	1,020	1.2	1.1	1.4
Estonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	1,660	715	950	1.1	1.0	1.3
Hungarian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,160	1,545	1,610	2.2	2.1	2.2
English and French	905	430	475	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	2,050	1,020	1,035	1.4	1.4	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	145,065	72,190	72,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	130,530	65,250	65,285	90.0	90.4	89.6
French	1,020	500	520	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	2,080	1,000	1,085	1.4	1.4	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	200	85	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	1,880	915	970	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	2,290	1,005	1,285	1.6	1.4	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	8,725	4,250	4,475	6.0	5.9	6.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	235	90	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	145,065	72,190	72,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	143,080	71,240	71,840	98.6	98.7	98.6
Official languages	138,575	68,990	69,585	95.5	95.6	95.5
English	137,220	68,345	68,880	94.6	94.7	94.5
French	1,350	645	710	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-official languages	4,505	2,250	2,255	3.1	3.1	3.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	375	160	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	375	155	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	345	145	200	0.2	0.2	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway languages	220	95	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	220	95	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,135	2,090	2,040	2.9	2.9	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	260	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	115	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	435	295	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	315	205	105	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	85	70	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,195	1,060	1,135	1.5	1.5	1.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	410	185	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	405	185	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	65	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	815	475	340	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	710	420	290	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	170	120	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	115	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	35	35	0.1	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	865	355	515	0.6	0.5	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	595	230	365	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portuguese	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	500	250	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	325	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	305	130	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	295	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,985	955	1,030	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	375	160	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,575	775	800	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	145,060	72,190	72,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	135,365	67,570	67,795	93.3	93.6	93.0
English	2,285	1,115	1,170	1.6	1.5	1.6
French	1,645	725	920	1.1	1.0	1.3
Non-official language	4,895	2,330	2,565	3.4	3.2	3.5
Indigenous³⁹	930	380	550	0.6	0.5	0.8
Non-Indigenous	3,965	1,950	2,015	2.7	2.7	2.8
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	285	180	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	425	210	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	144,340	71,860	72,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	143,755	71,555	72,200	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	143,610	71,470	72,140	99.5	99.5	99.5
French	12,475	5,610	6,865	8.6	7.8	9.5
Non-official languages	19,235	9,355	9,880	13.3	13.0	13.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,555	1,090	1,465	1.8	1.5	2.0
Algonquian languages	2,525	1,075	1,445	1.7	1.5	2.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,395	1,020	1,370	1.7	1.4	1.9
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	580	205	370	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ojibway languages	1,855	830	1,025	1.3	1.2	1.4
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,805	810	995	1.3	1.1	1.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,700	8,270	8,430	11.6	11.5	11.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	650	380	270	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	620	365	255	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	555	325	225	0.4	0.5	0.3
Aramaic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	90	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	240	90	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	500	160	340	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	435	125	310	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	985	640	340	0.7	0.9	0.5
Kannada	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	685	440	245	0.5	0.6	0.3
Tamil	165	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	235	175	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,855	5,440	5,415	7.5	7.6	7.5
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,035	940	1,095	1.4	1.3	1.5
Baltic languages	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,005	935	1,075	1.4	1.3	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	810	370	440	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	215	120	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	405	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	330	185	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Serbian	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	480	215	270	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,550	720	830	1.1	1.0	1.1
Frisian	25	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	970	440	530	0.7	0.6	0.7
German	935	415	510	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	390	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	315	150	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	230	95	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	205	100	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,195	1,265	930	1.5	1.8	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,945	1,145	800	1.3	1.6	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	210	110	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	475	315	165	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hindi	1,305	835	470	0.9	1.2	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	440	255	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	180	100	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	255	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	230	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,085	2,525	2,560	3.5	3.5	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,495	1,745	1,750	2.4	2.4	2.4
Portuguese	485	260	220	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,200	570	630	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	180	65	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	170	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,115	550	565	0.8	0.8	0.8
Chinese languages	795	360	435	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	525	235	295	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	285	120	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	325	185	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Burmese	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	295	170	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	265	150	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	2,175	1,010	1,165	1.5	1.4	1.6
Estonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	2,035	925	1,110	1.4	1.3	1.5
Hungarian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	144,340	71,855	72,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	23,340	11,140	12,205	16.2	15.5	16.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	22,830	10,905	11,925	15.8	15.2	16.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,115	8,770	9,350	12.6	12.2	12.9
Métis	4,690	2,125	2,570	3.2	3.0	3.5
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	295	115	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	121,000	60,725	60,275	83.8	84.5	83.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	144,340	71,855	72,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	16,240	7,815	8,425	11.3	10.9	11.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	128,100	64,045	64,060	88.7	89.1	88.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	46,135	...	...	71.4	...	...
Renter	17,655	...	...	27.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	805	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,310	...	...	3.6	...	...
Not condominium	62,285	...	...	96.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	230	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	7,075	...	...	11.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,790	...	...	24.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	25,255	...	...	39.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,245	...	...	25.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,860	...	...	23.0	...	...
5 rooms	10,945	...	...	16.9	...	...
6 rooms	10,835	...	...	16.8	...	...
7 rooms	9,135	...	...	14.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,825	...	...	29.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	64,000	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	600	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	62,560	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,040	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	22,790	...	...	35.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	21,420	...	...	33.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,930	...	...	12.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,165	...	...	9.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,625	...	...	2.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,575	...	...	2.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,570	...	...	2.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,520	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	58,965	...	...	91.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,640	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	35,390	...	...	54.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,320	...	...	42.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,890	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	64,600	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,930	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,415	...	...	13.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,380	...	...	14.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,195	...	...	15.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	14,150	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,045	...	...	18.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,185	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	2,290	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	62,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	53,940	...	...	85.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,045	...	...	14.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,260	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	64,605	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,260	...	...	23.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,910	...	...	12.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,560	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,345	...	...	6.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	150	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	955	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	300	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	49,340	...	...	76.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	62,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,370	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not in core need	56,835	...	...	91.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	45,635	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.0	...	...	51.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,109	...	...	1,109	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...	290,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	307,200	...	...	307,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,580	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.9	...	...	22.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.1	...	...	29.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.4	...	...	19.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	805	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	386	...	...	386	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	144,340	71,860	72,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,915	6,235	6,675	8.9	8.7	9.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	12,860	6,195	6,665	8.9	8.6	9.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	12,080	5,850	6,235	8.4	8.1	8.6
Métis single ancestry	765	340	425	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,275	5,415	5,860	7.8	7.5	8.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,975	5,270	5,710	7.6	7.3	7.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,030	3,920	4,115	5.6	5.5	5.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,900	1,330	1,570	2.0	1.9	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	270	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	120,155	60,210	59,945	83.2	83.8	82.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	144,345	71,860	72,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	139,100	69,020	70,080	96.4	96.0	96.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,555	13,195	12,365	17.7	18.4	17.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	113,540	55,825	57,720	78.7	77.7	79.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,240	2,840	2,400	3.6	4.0	3.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	144,345	71,860	72,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	130,210	64,575	65,635	90.2	89.9	90.6
Immigrants⁸¹	11,330	5,595	5,730	7.8	7.8	7.9
Before 1980	5,980	2,995	2,985	4.1	4.2	4.1
1980 to 1990	1,115	480	635	0.8	0.7	0.9
1991 to 2000	950	460	490	0.7	0.6	0.7
2001 to 2010	1,255	645	615	0.9	0.9	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,025	1,020	1,010	1.4	1.4	1.4
2011 to 2015	730	365	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
2016 to 2021	1,295	650	640	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,800	1,685	1,115	1.9	2.3	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,325	5,595	5,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,670	930	745	14.7	16.6	13.0
5 to 14 years	2,470	1,335	1,140	21.8	23.9	19.9
15 to 24 years	2,860	1,365	1,495	25.3	24.4	26.1
25 to 44 years	3,895	1,785	2,105	34.4	31.9	36.7
45 years and over	435	190	240	3.8	3.4	4.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,325	5,595	5,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,640	690	950	14.5	12.3	16.6
Brazil	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombia	70	55	15	0.6	1.0	0.3
El Salvador	25	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Guyana	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	45	20	0.6	0.8	0.3
Mexico	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Peru	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	55	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
United States of America	980	360	620	8.7	6.4	10.8
Other places of birth in Americas	290	135	150	2.6	2.4	2.6
Europe	6,510	3,275	3,240	57.5	58.5	56.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Croatia	170	95	75	1.5	1.7	1.3
France	80	25	55	0.7	0.4	1.0
Germany	565	260	300	5.0	4.6	5.2
Greece	85	40	40	0.8	0.7	0.7
Hungary	60	30	30	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italy	1,770	895	875	15.6	16.0	15.3
Netherlands	240	140	95	2.1	2.5	1.7
Poland	445	210	235	3.9	3.8	4.1
Portugal	270	165	105	2.4	2.9	1.8
Romania	50	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	60	35	20	0.5	0.6	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	65	20	40	0.6	0.4	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,230	670	560	10.9	12.0	9.8
Other places of birth in Europe	1,370	640	725	12.1	11.4	12.7
Africa	520	310	215	4.6	5.5	3.8
Algeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	50	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	40	25	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Somalia	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	95	50	50	0.8	0.9	0.9
Other places of birth in Africa	255	140	115	2.3	2.5	2.0
Asia	2,565	1,260	1,300	22.6	22.5	22.7
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	100	50	55	0.9	0.9	1.0
Iraq	35	15	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lebanon	35	30	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	105	60	40	0.9	1.1	0.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	320	145	170	2.8	2.6	3.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	80	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.8
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	400	115	280	3.5	2.1	4.9
Viet Nam	150	55	95	1.3	1.0	1.7
Bangladesh	110	50	60	1.0	0.9	1.0
India	510	315	195	4.5	5.6	3.4
Pakistan	115	40	70	1.0	0.7	1.2
Sri Lanka	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	545	320	225	4.8	5.7	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	85	65	20	0.8	1.2	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,290	655	640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	200	90	110	15.5	13.7	17.2
Brazil	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	0	1.6	1.5	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	85	35	45	6.6	5.3	7.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	0	1.2	1.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	30	35	4.7	4.6	5.5
Europe	145	80	65	11.2	12.2	10.2
France	20	0	15	1.6	0.0	2.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	1.6	1.5	1.6
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	35	10	3.1	5.3	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	15	2.7	3.1	2.3
Africa	120	65	60	9.3	9.9	9.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	15	10	2.3	2.3	1.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	0	1.6	1.5	0.0
Somalia	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	15	10	10	1.2	1.5	1.6
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	0	15	1.6	0.0	2.3
Asia	805	400	405	62.4	61.1	63.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	35	20	20	2.7	3.1	3.1
China⁹⁰	50	15	40	3.9	2.3	6.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	320	190	130	24.8	29.0	20.3
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	1.6	1.5	2.3
Iraq	25	0	20	1.9	0.0	3.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	30	3.9	3.1	4.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	115	35	80	8.9	5.3	12.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	90	55	40	7.0	8.4	6.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	20	10	0	1.6	1.5	0.0
Viet Nam	25	15	15	1.9	2.3	2.3
Other places of birth in Asia	30	25	0	2.3	3.8	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
Australia	20	20	0	1.6	3.1	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	144,340	71,855	72,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,855	7,670	7,185	10.3	10.7	9.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,840	11,390	11,450	15.8	15.9	15.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	106,645	52,800	53,845	73.9	73.5	74.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,350	2,600	2,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,370	1,205	1,165	44.3	46.3	42.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,025	645	380	19.2	24.8	13.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,345	560	785	25.1	21.5	28.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,900	755	1,145	35.5	29.0	41.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,055	630	425	19.7	24.2	15.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,350	2,600	2,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	165	120	45	3.1	4.6	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	635	295	340	11.9	11.3	12.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	280	95	185	5.2	3.7	6.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	395	225	175	7.4	8.7	6.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	90	35	55	1.7	1.3	2.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,775	1,825	1,950	70.6	70.2	70.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	144,340	71,855	72,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,785	4,785	3,995	6.1	6.7	5.5
South Asian	3,030	1,850	1,175	2.1	2.6	1.6
Chinese	1,080	555	520	0.7	0.8	0.7
Black	1,350	730	620	0.9	1.0	0.9
Filipino	520	190	330	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	465	290	170	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	430	205	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	755	360	390	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	190	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	330	190	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	265	155	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	135,560	67,075	68,485	93.9	93.3	94.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	144,340	71,860	72,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,025	8,130	7,895	11.1	11.3	10.9
English	32,530	15,855	16,665	22.5	22.1	23.0
Irish	25,630	12,165	13,470	17.8	16.9	18.6
Scottish	27,105	13,170	13,935	18.8	18.3	19.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,225	10,290	10,940	14.7	14.3	15.1
German	13,730	6,775	6,955	9.5	9.4	9.6
Chinese	1,210	620	585	0.8	0.9	0.8
Italian	17,885	9,190	8,695	12.4	12.8	12.0
Indian (India)	2,065	1,320	750	1.4	1.8	1.0
Ukrainian	15,520	7,530	7,985	10.8	10.5	11.0
Dutch	4,820	2,330	2,485	3.3	3.2	3.4
Polish	8,005	3,770	4,240	5.5	5.2	5.8
Québécois	335	165	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,645	1,795	1,850	2.5	2.5	2.6
Filipino	565	220	340	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	2,270	1,055	1,215	1.6	1.5	1.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,825	925	900	1.3	1.3	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,895	4,320	4,575	6.2	6.0	6.3
Métis	4,005	1,850	2,155	2.8	2.6	3.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,950	985	960	1.4	1.4	1.3
Russian	1,620	810	820	1.1	1.1	1.1
Norwegian	3,400	1,730	1,670	2.4	2.4	2.3
Welsh	2,415	1,205	1,215	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	1,120	635	485	0.8	0.9	0.7
American	1,315	595	720	0.9	0.8	1.0
Spanish	640	295	350	0.4	0.4	0.5
Swedish	5,330	2,420	2,915	3.7	3.4	4.0
Hungarian	1,165	595	570	0.8	0.8	0.8
Acadian	245	85	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	215	100	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	405	180	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	220	105	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	320	115	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	820	425	395	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	320	160	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	940	420	520	0.7	0.6	0.7
Korean	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	635	325	315	0.4	0.5	0.4
Lebanese	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	250	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	390	205	180	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	1,335	640	700	0.9	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,860	1,470	1,390	2.0	2.0	1.9
Sikh	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	945	485	460	0.7	0.7	0.6
Belgian	510	235	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haitian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	330	215	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	150	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	205	85	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Swiss	585	275	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	14,955	7,240	7,710	10.4	10.1	10.6
Sri Lankan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	1,125	555	575	0.8	0.8	0.8
Japanese	405	235	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	155	105	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	290	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	675	290	385	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	75	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	70	50	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	805	385	420	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombian	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	385	200	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	5,810	2,810	2,995	4.0	3.9	4.1
Newfoundlander	350	160	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	600	280	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	140	100	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	2,295	1,170	1,130	1.6	1.6	1.6
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	380	160	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	100	35	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	355	160	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	205	115	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	335	195	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bulgarian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	75	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	285	160	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	240	90	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	225	100	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	685	335	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	750	315	440	0.5	0.4	0.6
Vincentian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Manitoban	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	70	40	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	265	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	144,340	71,860	72,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	81,015	37,880	43,135	56.1	52.7	59.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,025	3,470	3,560	4.9	4.8	4.9
Anabaptist	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anglican	6,940	3,160	3,775	4.8	4.4	5.2
Baptist	1,770	830	940	1.2	1.2	1.3
Catholic	43,955	20,975	22,985	30.5	29.2	31.7
Christian Orthodox	870	420	450	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	395	155	240	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	180	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	5,695	2,630	3,065	3.9	3.7	4.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	995	455	535	0.7	0.6	0.7
Presbyterian	2,020	940	1,075	1.4	1.3	1.5
Reformed	630	280	350	0.4	0.4	0.5
United Church	7,100	2,920	4,175	4.9	4.1	5.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,100	1,415	1,690	2.1	2.0	2.3
Hindu	1,390	905	485	1.0	1.3	0.7
Jewish	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,090	610	480	0.8	0.8	0.7
Sikh	290	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,035	505	535	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,150	490	660	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	57,960	31,125	26,835	40.2	43.3	37.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	143,165	71,280	71,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	127,640	63,510	64,125	89.2	89.1	89.2
Movers	15,525	7,775	7,750	10.8	10.9	10.8
Non-migrants	11,005	5,555	5,455	7.7	7.8	7.6
Migrants	4,520	2,220	2,305	3.2	3.1	3.2
Internal migrants	3,915	1,915	2,000	2.7	2.7	2.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,220	1,565	1,650	2.2	2.2	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	695	340	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	610	310	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	137,595	68,455	69,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,100	45,325	45,775	66.2	66.2	66.2
Movers	46,490	23,130	23,360	33.8	33.8	33.8
Non-migrants	25,065	12,235	12,830	18.2	17.9	18.6
Migrants	21,430	10,895	10,535	15.6	15.9	15.2
Internal migrants	17,905	8,885	9,020	13.0	13.0	13.0
Intraprovincial migrants	15,350	7,610	7,740	11.2	11.1	11.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,555	1,275	1,280	1.9	1.9	1.9
External migrants	3,520	2,010	1,510	2.6	2.9	2.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	122,745	60,740	62,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,445	13,620	11,825	20.7	22.4	19.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	97,310	47,120	50,185	79.3	77.6	80.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,940	37,475	38,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,345	5,870	4,480	13.6	15.7	11.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	65,600	31,605	33,995	86.4	84.3	88.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	122,750	60,735	62,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	22,050	11,360	10,685	18.0	18.7	17.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	34,135	17,035	17,100	27.8	28.0	27.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	66,565	32,340	34,220	54.2	53.2	55.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,320	21,505	19,815	33.7	35.4	32.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,365	7,600	1,770	7.6	12.5	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,920	2,745	1,175	3.2	4.5	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,445	4,855	590	4.4	8.0	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,625	12,845	16,780	24.1	21.1	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,330	1,060	1,265	1.9	1.7	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,245	10,835	14,405	20.6	17.8	23.2
Bachelor's degree	17,250	7,140	10,105	14.1	11.8	16.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,755	775	980	1.4	1.3	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	480	320	0.7	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	4,570	1,965	2,605	3.7	3.2	4.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	865	470	395	0.7	0.8	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,945	37,470	38,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,715	4,860	3,860	11.5	13.0	10.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,150	10,665	9,485	26.5	28.5	24.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,075	21,945	25,130	62.0	58.6	65.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,295	14,235	14,060	37.3	38.0	36.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,605	4,500	1,105	7.4	12.0	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,450	1,695	755	3.2	4.5	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,150	2,805	345	4.1	7.5	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,405	9,160	12,245	28.2	24.4	31.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,285	575	715	1.7	1.5	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,775	7,715	11,065	24.7	20.6	28.8
Bachelor's degree	12,680	5,175	7,510	16.7	13.8	19.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,240	460	780	1.6	1.2	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	605	325	285	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	3,605	1,425	2,180	4.7	3.8	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	645	325	315	0.8	0.9	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	122,750	60,740	62,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	56,185	28,395	27,790	45.8	46.7	44.8
Education	4,460	1,230	3,230	3.6	2.0	5.2
13. Education	4,460	1,230	3,230	3.6	2.0	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,345	695	655	1.1	1.1	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	110	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,195	580	620	1.0	1.0	1.0
Humanities	2,500	950	1,545	2.0	1.6	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	15	95	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	750	190	560	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	725	285	445	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	140	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	365	220	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	155	35	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,120	1,980	5,140	5.8	3.3	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	20	130	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	430	165	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,950	175	1,770	1.6	0.3	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	695	265	435	0.6	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	250	60	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,685	395	1,290	1.4	0.7	2.1
45. Social sciences	1,965	900	1,060	1.6	1.5	1.7
Business, management and public administration	12,050	4,015	8,030	9.8	6.6	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,470	415	2,050	2.0	0.7	3.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,570	3,600	5,970	7.8	5.9	9.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,515	1,325	1,185	2.0	2.2	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	955	430	525	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	535	275	260	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	845	565	280	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,800	1,030	775	1.5	1.7	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,380	875	505	1.1	1.4	0.8
25. Library science	255	45	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	95	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,350	14,405	950	12.5	23.7	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	270	200	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	2,135	1,810	325	1.7	3.0	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,810	3,480	335	3.1	5.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,990	2,940	55	2.4	4.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,940	3,865	75	3.2	6.4	0.1
48. Precision production	2,205	2,110	95	1.8	3.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,075	1,340	730	1.7	2.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	525	245	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,550	1,095	450	1.3	1.8	0.7
Health and related fields	12,665	2,530	10,140	10.3	4.2	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,075	495	580	0.9	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,245	1,855	9,390	9.2	3.1	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	270	170	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,660	2,830	1,830	3.8	4.7	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,980	580	1,400	1.6	1.0	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,185	890	290	1.0	1.5	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,485	1,350	140	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	75,940	37,475	38,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,865	15,525	13,340	38.0	41.4	34.7
Education	2,955	730	2,235	3.9	1.9	5.8
13. Education	2,955	730	2,235	3.9	1.9	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,010	500	505	1.3	1.3	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	930	440	490	1.2	1.2	1.3
Humanities	1,605	585	1,020	2.1	1.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	460	120	340	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	510	205	305	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	260	145	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	100	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,320	1,340	3,980	7.0	3.6	10.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	0	100	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	130	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,475	135	1,340	1.9	0.4	3.5
22. Legal professions and studies	585	205	380	0.8	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	45	145	0.3	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	1,270	255	1,015	1.7	0.7	2.6
45. Social sciences	1,365	575	790	1.8	1.5	2.1
Business, management and public administration	9,000	2,905	6,095	11.9	7.8	15.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,905	275	1,630	2.5	0.7	4.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,095	2,635	4,460	9.3	7.0	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,865	920	945	2.5	2.5	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	730	315	415	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	420	200	220	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	580	365	215	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,220	725	490	1.6	1.9	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	990	640	350	1.3	1.7	0.9
25. Library science	125	15	105	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,105	9,310	790	13.3	24.8	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	225	155	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,600	1,330	270	2.1	3.5	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,625	2,350	275	3.5	6.3	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,825	1,785	45	2.4	4.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,465	2,400	65	3.2	6.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,360	1,295	60	1.8	3.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,485	885	600	2.0	2.4	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	370	155	215	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,115	730	390	1.5	1.9	1.0
Health and related fields	9,040	1,965	7,075	11.9	5.2	18.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	830	390	440	1.1	1.0	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,910	1,440	6,475	10.4	3.8	16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	75	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	225	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,465	2,080	1,385	4.6	5.6	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,440	425	1,020	1.9	1.1	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	875	630	250	1.2	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,145	1,025	120	1.5	2.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	75,940	37,475	38,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,865	15,525	13,340	38.0	41.4	34.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	47,075	21,950	25,125	62.0	58.6	65.3
Location of study inside Canada	43,740	20,260	23,480	57.6	54.1	61.0
Same as province or territory of residence	40,785	18,940	21,840	53.7	50.5	56.8
Different than province or territory of residence	2,955	1,320	1,640	3.9	3.5	4.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,335	1,690	1,645	4.4	4.5	4.3
Americas	845	390	455	1.1	1.0	1.2
United States of America	665	305	360	0.9	0.8	0.9
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombia	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	645	335	305	0.8	0.9	0.8
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	245	145	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	110	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,590	815	775	2.1	2.2	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	115	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	195	40	150	0.3	0.1	0.4
Viet Nam	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	895	545	345	1.2	1.5	0.9
Pakistan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	122,750	60,735	62,010	...	...	...
In the labour force	70,930	36,660	34,270	...	...	...
Employed	63,235	32,715	30,515	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,695	3,945	3,750	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	51,825	24,080	27,740	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.8	60.4	55.3	57.8	60.4	55.3
Employment rate	51.5	53.9	49.2	51.5	53.9	49.2
Unemployment rate	10.8	10.8	10.9	10.8	10.8	10.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	122,750	60,740	62,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	50,560	23,515	27,045	41.2	38.7	43.6
Worked	72,195	37,225	34,965	58.8	61.3	56.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	37,285	20,355	16,935	30.4	33.5	27.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,900	16,870	18,030	28.4	27.8	29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.3	40.5	40.9	41.3	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	70,925	36,660	34,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,475	845	635	2.1	2.3	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	69,450	35,815	33,635	97.9	97.7	98.2
Employee	63,035	31,845	31,190	88.9	86.9	91.0
Permanent position	51,985	26,300	25,680	73.3	71.7	74.9
Temporary position	11,045	5,545	5,505	15.6	15.1	16.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,445	1,530	1,915	4.9	4.2	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,605	4,015	3,590	10.7	11.0	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,420	3,970	2,445	9.1	10.8	7.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	70,925	36,660	34,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,475	845	635	2.1	2.3	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	69,450	35,815	33,635	97.9	97.7	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	580	350	230	0.8	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,975	2,715	7,265	14.1	7.4	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,150	3,175	975	5.9	8.7	2.8
3 Health occupations	7,560	1,650	5,910	10.7	4.5	17.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,900	3,530	7,365	15.4	9.6	21.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,220	525	690	1.7	1.4	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	17,360	7,750	9,610	24.5	21.1	28.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,400	12,365	1,030	18.9	33.7	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,345	2,005	345	3.3	5.5	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,965	1,755	220	2.8	4.8	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	70,925	36,660	34,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,475	845	635	2.1	2.3	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	69,450	35,815	33,635	97.9	97.7	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,675	1,175	495	2.4	3.2	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,900	1,660	240	2.7	4.5	0.7
22 Utilities	970	780	190	1.4	2.1	0.6
23 Construction	5,185	4,605	580	7.3	12.6	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,745	2,180	565	3.9	5.9	1.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,400	1,105	300	2.0	3.0	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	8,585	4,160	4,425	12.1	11.3	12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,225	3,360	865	6.0	9.2	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,025	620	405	1.4	1.7	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,355	495	855	1.9	1.4	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	735	460	270	1.0	1.3	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,720	2,080	1,635	5.2	5.7	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,360	1,560	800	3.3	4.3	2.3
61 Educational services	6,250	2,040	4,205	8.8	5.6	12.3
62 Health care and social assistance	13,425	2,645	10,780	18.9	7.2	31.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,040	545	500	1.5	1.5	1.5
72 Accommodation and food services	4,500	1,985	2,515	6.3	5.4	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,975	1,605	1,365	4.2	4.4	4.0
91 Public administration	5,355	2,710	2,640	7.6	7.4	7.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	77,180	39,860	37,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	74,540	38,855	35,690	96.6	97.5	95.6
French	460	145	315	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official language	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	35	20	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
English and French	1,300	540	760	1.7	1.4	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	795	295	505	1.0	0.7	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	77,180	39,860	37,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	76,905	39,715	37,190	99.6	99.6	99.7
Official languages	76,770	39,655	37,115	99.5	99.5	99.5
English	76,115	39,445	36,665	98.6	99.0	98.3
French	655	210	445	0.8	0.5	1.2
Non-official languages	135	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	270	145	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and French	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	115	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	77,180	39,860	37,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	75,310	39,150	36,160	97.6	98.2	96.9
English	270	100	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
French	955	395	560	1.2	1.0	1.5
Non-official language	590	210	380	0.8	0.5	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	285	90	190	0.4	0.2	0.5
Non-Indigenous	310	115	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	63,235	32,715	30,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,090	3,960	6,125	16.0	12.1	20.1
Worked outside Canada	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,620	5,895	1,725	12.1	18.0	5.7
Usual place of work	45,450	22,815	22,635	71.9	69.7	74.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	45,445	22,815	22,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	37,005	17,935	19,065	81.4	78.6	84.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,395	4,080	3,315	16.3	17.9	14.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	900	680	220	2.0	3.0	1.0
Commute to a different province or territory	155	115	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	53,070	28,710	24,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	47,320	25,720	21,600	89.2	89.6	88.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	43,730	23,965	19,765	82.4	83.5	81.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,590	1,755	1,835	6.8	6.1	7.5
Public transit	1,575	865	710	3.0	3.0	2.9
Walked	2,620	1,210	1,410	4.9	4.2	5.8
Bicycle	475	335	150	0.9	1.2	0.6
Other method	1,070	585	490	2.0	2.0	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	53,070	28,710	24,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	26,175	12,960	13,215	49.3	45.1	54.2
15 to 29 minutes	18,425	10,150	8,275	34.7	35.4	34.0
30 to 44 minutes	4,910	3,010	1,900	9.3	10.5	7.8
45 to 59 minutes	1,410	915	500	2.7	3.2	2.1
60 minutes and over	2,140	1,670	470	4.0	5.8	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	53,070	28,710	24,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,740	2,110	625	5.2	7.3	2.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,115	4,345	2,765	13.4	15.1	11.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,525	8,500	6,020	27.4	29.6	24.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	14,315	6,180	8,140	27.0	21.5	33.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,275	2,835	3,440	11.8	9.9	14.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,105	4,740	3,365	15.3	16.5	13.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,450	13,700	12,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,710	1,350	1,360	10.2	9.9	10.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	23,740	12,350	11,390	89.8	90.1	89.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	19,195	9,995	9,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,030	1,015	1,020	10.6	10.2	11.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,235	600	635	6.4	6.0	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	795	410	385	4.1	4.1	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,165	8,975	8,185	89.4	89.8	88.9

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 8, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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