Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thunder Bay District Health UnitMore information: Ontario [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	152,885	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	74,175	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	66,079	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	152,885	76,105	76,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23,725	12,205	11,520	15.5	16.0	15.0
0 to 4 years	7,420	3,770	3,650	4.9	5.0	4.8
5 to 9 years	8,060	4,210	3,850	5.3	5.5	5.0
10 to 14 years	8,250	4,230	4,020	5.4	5.6	5.2
15 to 64 years	96,685	48,505	48,180	63.2	63.7	62.8
15 to 19 years	7,870	4,115	3,760	5.1	5.4	4.9
20 to 24 years	9,450	5,050	4,400	6.2	6.6	5.7
25 to 29 years	10,330	5,290	5,040	6.8	7.0	6.6
30 to 34 years	9,605	4,890	4,720	6.3	6.4	6.1
35 to 39 years	8,990	4,480	4,510	5.9	5.9	5.9
40 to 44 years	8,395	4,130	4,265	5.5	5.4	5.6
45 to 49 years	8,635	4,250	4,385	5.6	5.6	5.7
50 to 54 years	9,570	4,660	4,910	6.3	6.1	6.4
55 to 59 years	11,525	5,640	5,880	7.5	7.4	7.7
60 to 64 years	12,315	6,000	6,315	8.1	7.9	8.2
65 years and over	32,475	15,400	17,075	21.2	20.2	22.2
65 to 69 years	10,575	5,290	5,285	6.9	7.0	6.9
70 to 74 years	8,780	4,320	4,460	5.7	5.7	5.8
75 to 79 years	5,475	2,630	2,845	3.6	3.5	3.7
80 to 84 years	3,735	1,655	2,075	2.4	2.2	2.7
85 years and over	3,910	1,500	2,410	2.6	2.0	3.1
85 to 89 years	2,405	1,005	1,400	1.6	1.3	1.8
90 to 94 years	1,170	415	755	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	305	75	225	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	16.0	15.0	15.5	16.0	15.0
15 to 64 years	63.2	63.7	62.8	63.2	63.7	62.8
65 years and over	21.2	20.2	22.2	21.2	20.2	22.2
85 years and over	2.6	2.0	3.1	2.6	2.0	3.1
Average age of the population	43.2	42.3	44.0	43.2	42.3	44.0
Median age of the population	44.0	42.4	45.2	44.0	42.4	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	47,520	...	...	71.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,390	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	1,765	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,520	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,520	...	...	12.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,580	...	...	3.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	140	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	640	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	66,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	21,490	...	...	32.5	...	...
2 persons	23,755	...	...	36.0	...	...
3 persons	9,100	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	7,415	...	...	11.2	...	...
5 or more persons	4,320	...	...	6.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	150,355	74,875	75,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	129,160	63,900	65,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	70,015	34,885	35,130	54.2	54.6	53.8
Married	53,860	26,845	27,015	41.7	42.0	41.4
Living common-law	16,155	8,040	8,115	12.5	12.6	12.4
Living common law - Never married	11,935	5,975	5,965	9.2	9.4	9.1
Living common law - Separated	840	425	420	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,890	1,450	1,435	2.2	2.3	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	490	190	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	59,140	29,015	30,125	45.8	45.4	46.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	38,275	21,525	16,755	29.6	33.7	25.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,280	1,900	2,375	3.3	3.0	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,875	3,490	4,385	6.1	5.5	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	8,710	2,100	6,610	6.7	3.3	10.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	42,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,295	...	...	56.8	...	...
3 persons	8,660	...	...	20.2	...	...
4 persons	6,775	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,055	...	...	7.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	42,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	34,370	...	...	80.3	...	...
Married couples	26,290	...	...	61.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,865	...	...	27.7	...	...
Without children	14,425	...	...	33.7	...	...
Common-law couples	8,075	...	...	18.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,305	...	...	7.7	...	...
Without children	4,775	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,410	...	...	19.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,300	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,115	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	150,360	74,880	75,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	118,375	58,705	59,670	78.7	78.4	79.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	68,740	34,265	34,470	45.7	45.8	45.7
Parents in one-parent families	8,415	2,110	6,295	5.6	2.8	8.3
Children⁶	41,220	22,325	18,900	27.4	29.8	25.0
In a two-parent family	27,800	14,980	12,820	18.5	20.0	17.0
In a one-parent family	13,425	7,345	6,080	8.9	9.8	8.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	31,980	16,170	15,810	21.3	21.6	20.9
Living alone	21,490	10,360	11,125	14.3	13.8	14.7
Living with other relatives⁷	3,885	1,880	2,005	2.6	2.5	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	6,610	3,930	2,680	4.4	5.2	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	38,210	...	...	57.8	...	...
Couple-family households	31,750	...	...	48.0	...	...
With children⁶	13,915	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	17,830	...	...	27.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,460	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,470	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,850	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,840	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	21,490	...	...	32.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	126,660	62,690	63,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,130	60,245	61,890	96.4	96.1	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	47,600	38,400	42,400	47,600	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	122,170	60,265	61,905	96.5	96.1	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,400	34,800	38,400	42,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	107,290	53,945	53,345	84.7	86.1	83.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	30,200	36,000	42,400	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,150	43,415	40,735	66.4	69.3	63.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	33,200	37,600	42,400	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	111,265	54,140	57,125	87.8	86.4	89.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	9,300	11,600	10,500	9,300	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,775	6,585	6,185	10.1	10.5	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,000	5,480	5,720	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,495	14,035	15,465	23.3	22.4	24.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	126,670	62,725	63,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	122,450	60,450	62,000	96.7	96.4	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	57,450	45,120	51,200	57,450	45,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	122,495	60,465	62,025	96.7	96.4	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,720	48,120	39,400	43,720	48,120	39,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	107,360	54,045	53,315	84.8	86.2	83.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,360	53,650	39,000	46,360	53,650	39,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	84,145	43,530	40,615	66.4	69.4	63.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,320	52,250	40,000	46,320	52,250	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	111,405	54,335	57,065	87.9	86.6	89.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,590	10,560	12,570	11,590	10,560	12,570
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,785	6,605	6,175	10.1	10.5	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,940	6,890	6,990	6,940	6,890	6,990
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,185	13,860	15,325	23.0	22.1	24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,680	8,430	8,890	8,680	8,430	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	126,670	62,725	63,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,630	20,455	17,170	29.7	32.6	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	70,000	58,000	63,600	70,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,200	77,400	63,900	71,200	77,400	63,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	33,665	16,200	17,465	26.6	25.8	27.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	23,000	18,200	20,200	23,000	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,840	35,240	24,800	29,840	35,240	24,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	83.4	74.4	79.4	83.4	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.2	65.4	58.1	62.2	65.4	58.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.6	16.5	25.7	20.6	16.5	25.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.3	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.8	5.9	4.8	3.8	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.4	4.9	4.0	3.4	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	126,655	62,685	63,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,525	2,445	2,085	3.6	3.9	3.3
With total income	122,135	60,245	61,885	96.4	96.1	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,010	4,135	4,875	7.4	6.9	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	14,125	5,905	8,220	11.6	9.8	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	17,975	7,655	10,325	14.7	12.7	16.7
$30,000 to $39,999	16,135	7,145	8,990	13.2	11.9	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	14,690	6,830	7,860	12.0	11.3	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	12,085	5,835	6,245	9.9	9.7	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	9,515	4,995	4,520	7.8	8.3	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	7,310	4,050	3,265	6.0	6.7	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	5,240	3,140	2,100	4.3	5.2	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	4,215	2,540	1,680	3.5	4.2	2.7
$100,000 and over	11,825	8,020	3,805	9.7	13.3	6.1
$100,000 to $149,999	8,815	5,765	3,050	7.2	9.6	4.9
$150,000 and over	3,015	2,260	755	2.5	3.7	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	126,655	62,685	63,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,485	2,425	2,065	3.5	3.9	3.2
With after-tax income	122,170	60,265	61,905	96.5	96.1	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,515	4,245	5,265	7.8	7.1	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	14,630	6,130	8,495	12.0	10.2	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	20,450	8,675	11,770	16.7	14.4	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	19,115	8,850	10,265	15.6	14.7	16.6
$40,000 to $49,999	16,980	8,160	8,820	13.9	13.5	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	12,945	6,650	6,295	10.6	11.0	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	9,110	5,130	3,980	7.5	8.5	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	6,485	3,925	2,560	5.3	6.5	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,770	2,805	1,970	3.9	4.7	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,850	1,865	980	2.3	3.1	1.6
$100,000 and over	5,330	3,830	1,500	4.4	6.4	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	3,145	2,245	900	2.6	3.7	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,185	1,585	600	1.8	2.6	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	126,655	62,685	63,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	42,510	19,270	23,235	33.6	30.7	36.3
With employment income	84,145	43,415	40,730	66.4	69.2	63.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	12,510	6,325	6,185	14.9	14.6	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	6,250	2,715	3,535	7.4	6.3	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	9,625	4,425	5,205	11.4	10.2	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	7,900	3,725	4,170	9.4	8.6	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,715	3,670	4,045	9.2	8.5	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	7,435	3,270	4,160	8.8	7.5	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,885	3,325	3,555	8.2	7.7	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,680	2,960	2,715	6.8	6.8	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,525	2,615	1,915	5.4	6.0	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,615	2,275	1,340	4.3	5.2	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,285	1,905	1,380	3.9	4.4	3.4
$100,000 and over	8,725	6,205	2,520	10.4	14.3	6.2
$100,000 to $124,999	4,650	3,055	1,595	5.5	7.0	3.9
$125,000 and over	4,080	3,150	930	4.8	7.3	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	126,660	62,690	63,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	120,625	59,410	61,220	95.2	94.8	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,800	35,600	40,400	46,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	120,680	59,415	61,270	95.3	94.8	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,600	32,800	36,800	41,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,420	53,340	53,075	84.0	85.1	83.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,000	31,600	37,200	44,000	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,935	43,520	41,410	67.1	69.4	64.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,400	33,600	38,000	44,400	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,060	51,425	54,630	83.7	82.0	85.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	3,360	7,600	6,080	3,360	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,085	5,860	5,225	8.8	9.3	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,640	5,600	5,640	5,640	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	126,670	62,725	63,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	120,790	59,485	61,305	95.4	94.8	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,880	55,550	42,400	48,880	55,550	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	120,820	59,485	61,335	95.4	94.8	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,480	46,280	36,840	41,480	46,280	36,840
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	106,470	53,375	53,090	84.1	85.1	83.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	54,050	39,080	46,600	54,050	39,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,915	43,670	41,250	67.0	69.6	64.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,280	52,550	39,680	46,280	52,550	39,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	106,035	51,420	54,615	83.7	82.0	85.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,890	8,140	9,600	8,890	8,140	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,980	5,735	5,245	8.7	9.1	8.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,190	6,810	7,600	7,190	6,810	7,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	126,670	62,725	63,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	37,245	20,215	17,035	29.4	32.2	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	67,000	54,000	60,000	67,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,300	73,600	59,800	67,300	73,600	59,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,855	15,245	16,610	25.1	24.3	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	28,800	22,200	25,000	28,800	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,600	41,000	28,720	34,600	41,000	28,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	87.4	79.8	84.0	87.4	79.8
Employment income (%)	66.6	69.4	63.0	66.6	69.4	63.0
Government transfers (%)	16.0	12.7	20.2	16.0	12.7	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	66,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	21,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	44,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	66,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,640	...	...	49,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,760	...	...	42,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	44,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	66,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	655	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,255	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,450	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,550	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,510	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,405	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,495	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,680	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,580	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,125	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,900	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,580	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,165	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,780	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	24,595	...	...	37.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,680	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,490	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,545	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,880	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	66,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	705	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	380	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,285	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,510	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,695	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,875	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,860	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,970	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,065	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,980	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,060	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,505	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,160	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,705	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,970	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,365	...	...	29.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	7,635	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5,065	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,665	...	...	10.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	42,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	7,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,095	14,290	13,805	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	39,200	36,800	37,600	39,200	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	35,600	34,000	34,800	35,600	34,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	42,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,800	...	...	105,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,365	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,700	...	...	127,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...	75,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,300	...	...	68,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,015	14,000	14,020	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,280	48,280	44,320	46,280	48,280	44,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,160	41,280	39,000	40,160	41,280	39,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	150,360	74,875	75,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	28,400	14,655	13,745	18.9	19.6	18.2
0 to 5 years	9,010	4,595	4,415	6.0	6.1	5.8
18 to 64 years	91,040	45,380	45,665	60.5	60.6	60.5
65 years and over	30,915	14,845	16,065	20.6	19.8	21.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,835	8,965	9,870	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,955	2,560	2,390	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,740	890	850	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,360	5,025	5,335	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,520	1,380	2,145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.5	12.0	13.1	12.5	12.0	13.1
0 to 17 years (%)	17.4	17.5	17.4	17.4	17.5	17.4
0 to 5 years (%)	19.3	19.4	19.3	19.3	19.4	19.3
18 to 64 years (%)	11.4	11.1	11.7	11.4	11.1	11.7
65 years and over (%)	11.4	9.3	13.3	11.4	9.3	13.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	140,755	70,045	70,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,810	12,820	11,995	17.6	18.3	17.0
0 to 5 years	7,885	4,035	3,850	5.6	5.8	5.4
18 to 64 years	85,780	42,750	43,025	60.9	61.0	60.8
65 years and over	30,165	14,475	15,690	21.4	20.7	22.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,420	3,455	2,960	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,015	525	485	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	400	195	195	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,015	2,760	2,255	...	...	...
65 years and over	385	165	220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	4.9	4.2	4.6	4.9	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	4.9	5.2	5.0	4.9	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	5.9	6.5	5.2	5.9	6.5	5.2
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	150,355	74,875	75,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	75,015	36,450	38,570	49.9	48.7	51.1
In bottom decile	17,480	8,660	8,815	11.6	11.6	11.7
In second decile	15,190	7,065	8,125	10.1	9.4	10.8
In third decile	14,370	6,955	7,415	9.6	9.3	9.8
In fourth decile	13,860	6,795	7,065	9.2	9.1	9.4
In fifth decile	14,120	6,980	7,145	9.4	9.3	9.5
In top half of the distribution	75,340	38,425	36,915	50.1	51.3	48.9
In sixth decile	15,035	7,490	7,545	10.0	10.0	10.0
In seventh decile	15,700	7,930	7,775	10.4	10.6	10.3
In eighth decile	15,615	7,955	7,655	10.4	10.6	10.1
In ninth decile	16,020	8,250	7,765	10.7	11.0	10.3
In top decile	12,965	6,795	6,170	8.6	9.1	8.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	150,360	...	...	150,360	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.319	...	...	0.319	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.442	...	...	0.442	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.283	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	151,080	75,210	75,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	137,940	69,385	68,555	91.3	92.3	90.4
French only	205	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	12,315	5,455	6,860	8.2	7.3	9.0
Neither English nor French	625	275	345	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	151,080	75,210	75,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	146,435	72,970	73,460	96.9	97.0	96.8
French	3,885	1,910	1,970	2.6	2.5	2.6
English and French	195	80	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	570	245	320	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	151,080	75,210	75,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	147,485	73,455	74,030	97.6	97.7	97.6
Official languages	130,955	65,470	65,485	86.7	87.0	86.3
English	126,850	63,455	63,395	84.0	84.4	83.6
French	4,105	2,015	2,090	2.7	2.7	2.8
Non-official languages	16,530	7,985	8,545	10.9	10.6	11.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	4,310	2,020	2,290	2.9	2.7	3.0
Algonquian languages	4,300	2,015	2,285	2.8	2.7	3.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	200	115	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	4,035	1,875	2,160	2.7	2.5	2.8
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	2,705	1,280	1,430	1.8	1.7	1.9
Ojibway languages	1,325	595	730	0.9	0.8	1.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,305	585	720	0.9	0.8	0.9
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,220	5,965	6,255	8.1	7.9	8.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	420	230	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	390	220	170	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	360	200	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	180	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	350	135	220	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	270	105	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	705	470	230	0.5	0.6	0.3
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	500	335	165	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamil	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	125	90	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,585	3,705	3,880	5.0	4.9	5.1
Albanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,800	785	1,015	1.2	1.0	1.3
Baltic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,775	775	1,005	1.2	1.0	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	765	320	445	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	225	115	105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	95	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	415	160	250	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	970	465	505	0.6	0.6	0.7
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	570	265	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	550	260	290	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,455	840	620	1.0	1.1	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,255	730	530	0.8	1.0	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	345	235	110	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	270	150	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	270	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	200	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,210	1,545	1,665	2.1	2.1	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,380	1,130	1,240	1.6	1.5	1.6
Portuguese	365	185	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	410	200	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	850	420	430	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	610	295	315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	380	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	220	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	195	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,795	780	1,020	1.2	1.0	1.3
Estonian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	1,660	715	945	1.1	1.0	1.2
Hungarian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,595	1,755	1,840	2.4	2.3	2.4
English and French	905	430	475	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,485	1,230	1,255	1.6	1.6	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	151,080	75,210	75,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	133,195	66,615	66,585	88.2	88.6	87.8
French	1,025	500	520	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	2,885	1,390	1,495	1.9	1.8	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	1,000	475	525	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-Indigenous	1,885	915	970	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	2,290	1,005	1,285	1.5	1.3	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	11,260	5,505	5,755	7.5	7.3	7.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	235	95	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	151,080	75,210	75,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	148,480	73,960	74,520	98.3	98.3	98.2
Official languages	142,275	70,830	71,445	94.2	94.2	94.2
English	140,925	70,185	70,735	93.3	93.3	93.2
French	1,350	645	705	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	6,210	3,130	3,075	4.1	4.2	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,070	1,035	1,035	1.4	1.4	1.4
Algonquian languages	2,065	1,030	1,035	1.4	1.4	1.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,915	945	970	1.3	1.3	1.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	1,495	750	750	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ojibway languages	420	195	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	420	195	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,135	2,095	2,045	2.7	2.8	2.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	255	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	230	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	215	120	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	435	300	140	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	315	210	110	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tamil	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	85	70	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,200	1,065	1,140	1.5	1.4	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	410	185	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	410	185	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	820	475	345	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	710	415	290	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	175	115	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	130	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	110	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	35	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	40	0.0	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	865	355	510	0.6	0.5	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	595	235	360	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portuguese	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	500	255	240	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	320	160	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	215	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	305	125	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	295	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,600	1,245	1,350	1.7	1.7	1.8
English and French	375	160	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,190	1,070	1,120	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	151,080	75,210	75,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	139,445	69,620	69,825	92.3	92.6	92.0
English	3,155	1,590	1,565	2.1	2.1	2.1
French	1,650	730	920	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official language	5,940	2,815	3,135	3.9	3.7	4.1
Indigenous³⁹	1,975	860	1,115	1.3	1.1	1.5
Non-Indigenous	3,970	1,950	2,020	2.6	2.6	2.7
English and French	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	310	190	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	420	215	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	150,360	74,875	75,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	149,690	74,545	75,140	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	149,545	74,455	75,090	99.5	99.4	99.5
French	12,490	5,620	6,865	8.3	7.5	9.1
Non-official languages	23,265	11,345	11,920	15.5	15.2	15.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	6,575	3,080	3,500	4.4	4.1	4.6
Algonquian languages	6,545	3,060	3,480	4.4	4.1	4.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	500	265	235	0.3	0.4	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	490	265	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	360	200	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	6,110	2,840	3,270	4.1	3.8	4.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	3,770	1,765	2,005	2.5	2.4	2.7
Ojibway languages	2,520	1,150	1,365	1.7	1.5	1.8
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	2,470	1,130	1,340	1.6	1.5	1.8
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,710	8,275	8,435	11.1	11.1	11.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	650	380	265	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	620	365	250	0.4	0.5	0.3
Amharic	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	550	325	225	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	240	90	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	240	90	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	500	165	340	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	435	125	310	0.3	0.2	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	985	640	345	0.7	0.9	0.5
Kannada	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	685	440	250	0.5	0.6	0.3
Tamil	165	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	235	170	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,865	5,445	5,420	7.2	7.3	7.2
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,040	940	1,095	1.4	1.3	1.5
Baltic languages	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,005	935	1,070	1.3	1.2	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	810	365	445	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	215	120	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	405	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	335	185	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	90	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	480	210	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,550	720	830	1.0	1.0	1.1
Frisian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	970	440	530	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	930	420	515	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	390	200	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	315	150	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	230	95	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	205	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,205	1,275	930	1.5	1.7	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,950	1,145	805	1.3	1.5	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	210	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	480	315	165	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hindi	1,315	840	475	0.9	1.1	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	75	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	445	260	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	180	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	230	110	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	190	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,085	2,525	2,560	3.4	3.4	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,490	1,740	1,750	2.3	2.3	2.3
Portuguese	485	260	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,200	570	630	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	180	65	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	170	55	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,115	550	570	0.7	0.7	0.8
Chinese languages	795	360	430	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	525	235	290	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	320	185	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	295	165	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	2,175	1,010	1,165	1.4	1.3	1.5
Estonian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	2,035	925	1,110	1.4	1.2	1.5
Hungarian	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	150,355	74,875	75,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	29,320	14,140	15,180	19.5	18.9	20.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	28,780	13,885	14,885	19.1	18.5	19.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	24,060	11,750	12,310	16.0	15.7	16.3
Métis	4,690	2,125	2,570	3.1	2.8	3.4
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	220	120	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	325	130	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	121,035	60,735	60,300	80.5	81.1	79.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	150,355	74,875	75,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	22,145	10,790	11,355	14.7	14.4	15.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	128,210	64,085	64,125	85.3	85.6	85.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	46,205	...	...	69.9	...	...
Renter	17,675	...	...	26.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	2,195	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,335	...	...	3.5	...	...
Not condominium	63,740	...	...	96.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	230	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	7,195	...	...	10.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,180	...	...	24.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	25,805	...	...	39.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	16,670	...	...	25.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,360	...	...	23.2	...	...
5 rooms	11,385	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	11,155	...	...	16.9	...	...
7 rooms	9,275	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	18,900	...	...	28.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	65,140	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	940	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	63,540	...	...	96.2	...	...
Not suitable	2,535	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	22,815	...	...	34.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	21,655	...	...	32.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,210	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,610	...	...	10.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,790	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,680	...	...	2.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,645	...	...	2.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,680	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	59,755	...	...	90.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,330	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	36,235	...	...	54.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,780	...	...	42.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,060	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,005	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,700	...	...	13.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,720	...	...	14.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	10,500	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	14,430	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,165	...	...	18.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,245	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	2,310	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	62,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	53,945	...	...	85.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,045	...	...	14.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,255	...	...	13.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	66,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,200	...	...	24.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,915	...	...	12.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,815	...	...	2.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,795	...	...	7.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	145	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	960	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	545	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	49,875	...	...	75.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	62,200	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,375	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not in core need	56,825	...	...	91.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	45,630	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.0	...	...	51.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,109	...	...	1,109	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...	290,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	307,200	...	...	307,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,590	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.9	...	...	22.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.1	...	...	29.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.5	...	...	19.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,200	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	300	...	...	300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	357	...	...	357	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	150,355	74,880	75,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	18,825	9,195	9,625	12.5	12.3	12.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	18,770	9,155	9,610	12.5	12.2	12.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	17,990	8,805	9,185	12.0	11.8	12.2
Métis single ancestry	770	340	425	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,335	5,450	5,885	7.5	7.3	7.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	11,035	5,305	5,725	7.3	7.1	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,085	3,950	4,130	5.4	5.3	5.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,905	1,335	1,575	1.9	1.8	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	300	145	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	275	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	120,200	60,230	59,975	79.9	80.4	79.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	150,355	74,875	75,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	145,110	72,035	73,075	96.5	96.2	96.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,020	14,430	13,585	18.6	19.3	18.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	117,095	57,600	59,490	77.9	76.9	78.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,245	2,840	2,405	3.5	3.8	3.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	150,355	74,875	75,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	136,205	67,580	68,625	90.6	90.3	90.9
Immigrants⁸¹	11,350	5,610	5,740	7.5	7.5	7.6
Before 1980	5,985	3,000	2,985	4.0	4.0	4.0
1980 to 1990	1,115	475	635	0.7	0.6	0.8
1991 to 2000	955	465	490	0.6	0.6	0.6
2001 to 2010	1,260	645	615	0.8	0.9	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,035	1,025	1,015	1.4	1.4	1.3
2011 to 2015	740	365	370	0.5	0.5	0.5
2016 to 2021	1,300	655	640	0.9	0.9	0.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,800	1,685	1,115	1.9	2.3	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,350	5,610	5,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,675	930	745	14.8	16.6	13.0
5 to 14 years	2,470	1,335	1,140	21.8	23.8	19.9
15 to 24 years	2,870	1,370	1,500	25.3	24.4	26.1
25 to 44 years	3,900	1,790	2,110	34.4	31.9	36.8
45 years and over	430	185	245	3.8	3.3	4.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,350	5,610	5,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,640	690	955	14.4	12.3	16.6
Brazil	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombia	70	55	20	0.6	1.0	0.3
El Salvador	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Guyana	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	45	25	0.6	0.8	0.4
Mexico	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Peru	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	60	25	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
United States of America	980	355	625	8.6	6.3	10.9
Other places of birth in Americas	290	140	150	2.6	2.5	2.6
Europe	6,520	3,275	3,245	57.4	58.4	56.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Croatia	165	90	75	1.5	1.6	1.3
France	80	25	55	0.7	0.4	1.0
Germany	565	265	305	5.0	4.7	5.3
Greece	80	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hungary	65	30	30	0.6	0.5	0.5
Italy	1,765	895	870	15.6	16.0	15.2
Netherlands	240	140	100	2.1	2.5	1.7
Poland	445	205	240	3.9	3.7	4.2
Portugal	265	165	105	2.3	2.9	1.8
Romania	55	25	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	55	35	20	0.5	0.6	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	60	20	45	0.5	0.4	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,230	670	560	10.8	11.9	9.8
Other places of birth in Europe	1,365	635	730	12.0	11.3	12.7
Africa	525	310	210	4.6	5.5	3.7
Algeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	50	35	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	40	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Somalia	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	100	45	45	0.9	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	255	140	115	2.2	2.5	2.0
Asia	2,575	1,270	1,305	22.7	22.6	22.7
Afghanistan	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	105	50	55	0.9	0.9	1.0
Iraq	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lebanon	30	25	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	105	60	45	0.9	1.1	0.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	320	150	175	2.8	2.7	3.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	80	40	40	0.7	0.7	0.7
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	400	115	285	3.5	2.0	5.0
Viet Nam	145	55	90	1.3	1.0	1.6
Bangladesh	115	50	65	1.0	0.9	1.1
India	510	315	195	4.5	5.6	3.4
Pakistan	110	45	70	1.0	0.8	1.2
Sri Lanka	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	545	315	230	4.8	5.6	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	90	65	20	0.8	1.2	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,300	660	640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	200	90	110	15.4	13.6	17.2
Brazil	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	0	1.5	1.5	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	85	35	45	6.5	5.3	7.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	15	10	1.2	2.3	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	65	30	35	5.0	4.5	5.5
Europe	145	80	65	11.2	12.1	10.2
France	20	0	15	1.5	0.0	2.3
Germany	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	10	1.5	1.5	1.6
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	35	10	3.1	5.3	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	15	2.7	3.0	2.3
Africa	120	65	55	9.2	9.8	8.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	10	2.3	3.0	1.6
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	0	1.5	1.5	0.0
Somalia	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	15	10	10	1.2	1.5	1.6
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	0	15	1.5	0.0	2.3
Asia	805	400	410	61.9	60.6	64.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	35	20	20	2.7	3.0	3.1
China⁹⁰	50	15	40	3.8	2.3	6.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	320	190	135	24.6	28.8	21.1
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	1.5	1.5	2.3
Iraq	25	0	20	1.9	0.0	3.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	20	30	3.8	3.0	4.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	120	35	80	9.2	5.3	12.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	100	60	40	7.7	9.1	6.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	10	0	1.2	1.5	0.0
Viet Nam	25	15	15	1.9	2.3	2.3
Other places of birth in Asia	30	20	10	2.3	3.0	1.6
Oceania and other⁹³	20	20	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Australia	20	20	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	150,355	74,880	75,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,880	7,690	7,195	9.9	10.3	9.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,865	11,405	11,460	15.2	15.2	15.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	112,610	55,785	56,820	74.9	74.5	75.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,365	2,615	2,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,380	1,215	1,170	44.4	46.5	42.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,030	650	385	19.2	24.9	14.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,345	565	785	25.1	21.6	28.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,905	760	1,145	35.5	29.1	41.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,060	635	425	19.8	24.3	15.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,365	2,615	2,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	165	120	45	3.1	4.6	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	640	295	340	11.9	11.3	12.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	280	95	180	5.2	3.6	6.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	395	225	175	7.4	8.6	6.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	90	35	55	1.7	1.3	2.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,790	1,835	1,955	70.6	70.2	71.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	150,355	74,875	75,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,795	4,795	4,005	5.8	6.4	5.3
South Asian	3,035	1,850	1,185	2.0	2.5	1.6
Chinese	1,080	555	525	0.7	0.7	0.7
Black	1,345	725	620	0.9	1.0	0.8
Filipino	520	190	325	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab	460	290	175	0.3	0.4	0.2
Latin American	435	205	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	750	360	395	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	195	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	330	190	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	200	90	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	265	150	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	141,560	70,085	71,480	94.2	93.6	94.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	150,355	74,875	75,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,030	8,135	7,900	10.7	10.9	10.5
English	32,530	15,860	16,670	21.6	21.2	22.1
Irish	25,640	12,165	13,475	17.1	16.2	17.9
Scottish	27,135	13,185	13,945	18.0	17.6	18.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,230	10,290	10,940	14.1	13.7	14.5
German	13,735	6,780	6,960	9.1	9.1	9.2
Chinese	1,210	620	590	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italian	17,885	9,190	8,700	11.9	12.3	11.5
Indian (India)	2,070	1,320	750	1.4	1.8	1.0
Ukrainian	15,515	7,530	7,990	10.3	10.1	10.6
Dutch	4,815	2,335	2,485	3.2	3.1	3.3
Polish	8,005	3,765	4,240	5.3	5.0	5.6
Québécois	335	165	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,650	1,800	1,850	2.4	2.4	2.5
Filipino	565	225	340	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	2,270	1,055	1,215	1.5	1.4	1.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,830	930	900	1.2	1.2	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10,295	5,045	5,250	6.8	6.7	7.0
Métis	4,005	1,855	2,155	2.7	2.5	2.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,950	985	960	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	1,630	805	825	1.1	1.1	1.1
Norwegian	3,400	1,725	1,670	2.3	2.3	2.2
Welsh	2,420	1,210	1,210	1.6	1.6	1.6
Portuguese	1,120	635	485	0.7	0.8	0.6
American	1,320	595	720	0.9	0.8	1.0
Spanish	645	295	350	0.4	0.4	0.5
Swedish	5,335	2,415	2,915	3.5	3.2	3.9
Hungarian	1,160	595	565	0.8	0.8	0.7
Acadian	245	85	160	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	400	180	225	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vietnamese	320	115	210	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	265	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	820	425	390	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	320	160	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,415	645	765	0.9	0.9	1.0
Korean	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	640	320	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	235	110	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	395	215	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	1,335	640	695	0.9	0.9	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,885	1,490	1,395	1.9	2.0	1.8
Sikh	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	950	490	460	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belgian	505	235	270	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	335	215	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexican	150	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	200	85	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Swiss	580	280	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	14,960	7,245	7,710	9.9	9.7	10.2
Sri Lankan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	1,130	555	575	0.8	0.7	0.8
Japanese	405	235	175	0.3	0.3	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	155	105	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	285	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	675	290	385	0.4	0.4	0.5
Muslim	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	70	50	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	805	380	420	0.5	0.5	0.6
Colombian	90	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	390	200	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Syrian	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	50	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	7,585	3,690	3,895	5.0	4.9	5.2
Newfoundlander	350	165	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	600	280	320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	110	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	145	100	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	2,295	1,170	1,125	1.5	1.6	1.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	380	160	220	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	165	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	350	160	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	205	115	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	335	195	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bulgarian	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	285	155	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	240	90	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	100	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	225	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	690	340	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	3,270	1,545	1,725	2.2	2.1	2.3
Vincentian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Manitoban	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	35	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	265	150	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	150,360	74,875	75,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	285	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	84,065	39,420	44,645	55.9	52.6	59.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,250	3,575	3,680	4.8	4.8	4.9
Anabaptist	95	35	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anglican	9,125	4,260	4,870	6.1	5.7	6.5
Baptist	1,765	830	940	1.2	1.1	1.2
Catholic	44,325	21,180	23,145	29.5	28.3	30.7
Christian Orthodox	870	420	455	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	390	150	240	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	185	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	5,695	2,635	3,060	3.8	3.5	4.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,175	555	620	0.8	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	2,015	945	1,075	1.3	1.3	1.4
Reformed	630	280	350	0.4	0.4	0.5
United Church	7,150	2,940	4,205	4.8	3.9	5.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,120	1,425	1,695	2.1	1.9	2.2
Hindu	1,390	905	485	0.9	1.2	0.6
Jewish	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,095	610	485	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sikh	290	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,625	800	825	1.1	1.1	1.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,185	510	675	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	60,295	32,285	28,010	40.1	43.1	37.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	149,055	74,235	74,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	133,280	66,345	66,935	89.4	89.4	89.5
Movers	15,775	7,890	7,885	10.6	10.6	10.5
Non-migrants	11,175	5,640	5,535	7.5	7.6	7.4
Migrants	4,595	2,245	2,350	3.1	3.0	3.1
Internal migrants	3,985	1,940	2,050	2.7	2.6	2.7
Intraprovincial migrants	3,290	1,595	1,690	2.2	2.1	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	700	345	355	0.5	0.5	0.5
External migrants	605	305	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	142,955	71,155	71,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	95,250	47,405	47,850	66.6	66.6	66.6
Movers	47,705	23,755	23,950	33.4	33.4	33.4
Non-migrants	25,850	12,640	13,210	18.1	17.8	18.4
Migrants	21,855	11,115	10,745	15.3	15.6	15.0
Internal migrants	18,330	9,105	9,230	12.8	12.8	12.9
Intraprovincial migrants	15,750	7,815	7,940	11.0	11.0	11.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,580	1,290	1,290	1.8	1.8	1.8
External migrants	3,525	2,005	1,515	2.5	2.8	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	126,670	62,720	63,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	28,235	15,085	13,150	22.3	24.1	20.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	98,430	47,640	50,795	77.7	76.0	79.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,525	38,765	39,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,050	6,780	5,275	15.3	17.5	13.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	66,475	31,985	34,490	84.7	82.5	86.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	126,665	62,725	63,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,685	12,720	11,965	19.5	20.3	18.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	34,860	17,365	17,495	27.5	27.7	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	67,125	32,640	34,485	53.0	52.0	53.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	41,805	21,775	20,025	33.0	34.7	31.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,570	7,755	1,815	7.6	12.4	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,075	2,860	1,215	3.2	4.6	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,500	4,895	605	4.3	7.8	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,845	12,935	16,915	23.6	20.6	26.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,390	1,090	1,295	1.9	1.7	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,320	10,860	14,460	20.0	17.3	22.6
Bachelor's degree	17,315	7,160	10,155	13.7	11.4	15.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,760	775	985	1.4	1.2	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	800	480	320	0.6	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	4,580	1,975	2,605	3.6	3.1	4.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	865	470	395	0.7	0.7	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,525	38,765	39,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,290	5,680	4,610	13.1	14.7	11.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,680	10,895	9,785	26.3	28.1	24.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,560	22,190	25,365	60.6	57.2	63.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,710	14,460	14,245	36.6	37.3	35.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,775	4,635	1,145	7.4	12.0	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,585	1,795	785	3.3	4.6	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,195	2,835	360	4.1	7.3	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,585	9,230	12,355	27.5	23.8	31.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,345	600	740	1.7	1.5	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,850	7,735	11,120	24.0	20.0	28.0
Bachelor's degree	12,745	5,185	7,555	16.2	13.4	19.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,245	465	780	1.6	1.2	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	605	325	285	0.8	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	3,610	1,430	2,180	4.6	3.7	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	640	325	315	0.8	0.8	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	126,670	62,725	63,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	59,545	30,085	29,460	47.0	48.0	46.1
Education	4,540	1,250	3,295	3.6	2.0	5.2
13. Education	4,540	1,250	3,295	3.6	2.0	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,345	695	655	1.1	1.1	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	150	110	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,200	580	620	0.9	0.9	1.0
Humanities	2,540	965	1,575	2.0	1.5	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	25	115	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	755	190	560	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	740	290	455	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	370	220	145	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	150	35	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,170	1,995	5,175	5.7	3.2	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	155	20	135	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	430	160	270	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,975	180	1,795	1.6	0.3	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	695	265	430	0.5	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	250	65	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,690	390	1,300	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,965	900	1,065	1.6	1.4	1.7
Business, management and public administration	12,125	4,040	8,085	9.6	6.4	12.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,510	425	2,085	2.0	0.7	3.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,610	3,615	5,995	7.6	5.8	9.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,515	1,330	1,185	2.0	2.1	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	960	430	525	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	530	280	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	845	565	280	0.7	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	25	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,820	1,045	775	1.4	1.7	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,390	880	510	1.1	1.4	0.8
25. Library science	260	40	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,475	14,515	960	12.2	23.1	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	275	200	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	2,140	1,815	325	1.7	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,840	3,505	335	3.0	5.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,065	3,005	60	2.4	4.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,950	3,875	75	3.1	6.2	0.1
48. Precision production	2,210	2,120	90	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,085	1,345	740	1.6	2.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	520	240	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,560	1,100	455	1.2	1.8	0.7
Health and related fields	12,730	2,550	10,190	10.0	4.1	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,080	495	585	0.9	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,310	1,870	9,435	8.9	3.0	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	275	165	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,745	2,900	1,855	3.7	4.6	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,995	585	1,410	1.6	0.9	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,215	915	295	1.0	1.5	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,530	1,385	145	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	78,530	38,765	39,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,965	16,570	14,395	39.4	42.7	36.2
Education	3,035	745	2,295	3.9	1.9	5.8
13. Education	3,035	745	2,295	3.9	1.9	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,005	505	505	1.3	1.3	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	930	440	490	1.2	1.1	1.2
Humanities	1,645	600	1,045	2.1	1.5	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	460	115	340	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	215	310	0.7	0.6	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	255	145	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	0	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,360	1,345	4,015	6.8	3.5	10.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	110	0	105	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	130	210	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,500	135	1,365	1.9	0.3	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	580	200	380	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	40	145	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	1,275	255	1,020	1.6	0.7	2.6
45. Social sciences	1,365	575	790	1.7	1.5	2.0
Business, management and public administration	9,075	2,930	6,140	11.6	7.6	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,940	280	1,660	2.5	0.7	4.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,125	2,645	4,480	9.1	6.8	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,865	925	940	2.4	2.4	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	735	315	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	420	200	220	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	580	365	215	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,225	735	495	1.6	1.9	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,000	650	350	1.3	1.7	0.9
25. Library science	125	20	105	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,200	9,400	800	13.0	24.2	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	225	155	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,600	1,335	265	2.0	3.4	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,650	2,375	280	3.4	6.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,885	1,835	50	2.4	4.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,475	2,410	65	3.2	6.2	0.2
48. Precision production	1,365	1,300	65	1.7	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,495	885	610	1.9	2.3	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	375	155	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,120	735	390	1.4	1.9	1.0
Health and related fields	9,100	1,980	7,120	11.6	5.1	17.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	835	390	445	1.1	1.0	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,965	1,455	6,515	10.1	3.8	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	75	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	230	125	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,540	2,135	1,405	4.5	5.5	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,450	425	1,025	1.8	1.1	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	905	650	255	1.2	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,180	1,055	120	1.5	2.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	78,530	38,765	39,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,965	16,570	14,395	39.4	42.7	36.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	47,560	22,195	25,365	60.6	57.3	63.8
Location of study inside Canada	44,220	20,500	23,720	56.3	52.9	59.7
Same as province or territory of residence	41,245	19,175	22,070	52.5	49.5	55.5
Different than province or territory of residence	2,970	1,325	1,650	3.8	3.4	4.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,340	1,695	1,645	4.3	4.4	4.1
Americas	845	395	450	1.1	1.0	1.1
United States of America	660	305	355	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mexico	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombia	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	645	335	305	0.8	0.9	0.8
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	245	140	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	110	60	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,595	820	775	2.0	2.1	1.9
Iran⁸⁸	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	190	45	150	0.2	0.1	0.4
Viet Nam	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	895	550	345	1.1	1.4	0.9
Pakistan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	110	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	126,665	62,725	63,945	...	...	...
In the labour force	72,790	37,655	35,130	...	...	...
Employed	64,970	33,650	31,320	...	...	...
Unemployed	7,820	4,010	3,815	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	53,885	25,070	28,810	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.5	60.0	54.9	57.5	60.0	54.9
Employment rate	51.3	53.6	49.0	51.3	53.6	49.0
Unemployment rate	10.7	10.6	10.9	10.7	10.6	10.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	126,670	62,725	63,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	52,670	24,535	28,140	41.6	39.1	44.0
Worked	74,000	38,195	35,810	58.4	60.9	56.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	38,595	21,040	17,550	30.5	33.5	27.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	35,410	17,150	18,255	28.0	27.3	28.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.3	40.6	41.0	41.3	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	72,785	37,655	35,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,525	870	645	2.1	2.3	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	71,265	36,780	34,480	97.9	97.7	98.1
Employee	64,830	32,800	32,030	89.1	87.1	91.2
Permanent position	53,405	27,040	26,365	73.4	71.8	75.0
Temporary position	11,425	5,765	5,665	15.7	15.3	16.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,570	1,590	1,980	4.9	4.2	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	7,855	4,165	3,690	10.8	11.1	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,435	3,980	2,455	8.8	10.6	7.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	72,785	37,655	35,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,525	870	645	2.1	2.3	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	71,265	36,780	34,480	97.9	97.7	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	630	395	235	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,220	2,770	7,445	14.0	7.4	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,165	3,190	975	5.7	8.5	2.8
3 Health occupations	7,630	1,665	5,965	10.5	4.4	17.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	11,400	3,695	7,710	15.7	9.8	21.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,235	540	700	1.7	1.4	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	17,835	7,995	9,845	24.5	21.2	28.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,765	12,715	1,050	18.9	33.8	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,380	2,035	345	3.3	5.4	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,000	1,785	220	2.7	4.7	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	72,785	37,655	35,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,525	870	645	2.1	2.3	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	71,265	36,780	34,480	97.9	97.7	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,685	1,180	505	2.3	3.1	1.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,910	1,665	245	2.6	4.4	0.7
22 Utilities	1,005	820	190	1.4	2.2	0.5
23 Construction	5,350	4,765	580	7.4	12.7	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,755	2,190	570	3.8	5.8	1.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,405	1,105	305	1.9	2.9	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	8,740	4,245	4,495	12.0	11.3	12.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,270	3,385	880	5.9	9.0	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	1,025	620	410	1.4	1.6	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,355	495	855	1.9	1.3	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	740	470	275	1.0	1.2	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,725	2,090	1,645	5.1	5.6	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,445	1,615	825	3.4	4.3	2.3
61 Educational services	6,600	2,150	4,445	9.1	5.7	12.7
62 Health care and social assistance	13,845	2,785	11,065	19.0	7.4	31.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,045	545	500	1.4	1.4	1.4
72 Accommodation and food services	4,530	2,000	2,530	6.2	5.3	7.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,015	1,640	1,375	4.1	4.4	3.9
91 Public administration	5,770	2,975	2,795	7.9	7.9	8.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	79,210	40,960	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,495	39,370	36,120	95.3	96.1	94.4
French	460	145	315	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official language	195	105	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	40	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	1,300	535	760	1.6	1.3	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,725	785	945	2.2	1.9	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	79,210	40,960	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	78,725	40,705	38,025	99.4	99.4	99.4
Official languages	78,150	40,390	37,760	98.7	98.6	98.7
English	77,495	40,180	37,315	97.8	98.1	97.6
French	655	210	445	0.8	0.5	1.2
Non-official languages	580	310	265	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	510	270	240	0.6	0.7	0.6
Algonquian languages	510	270	240	0.6	0.7	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	490	260	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	385	215	170	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ojibway languages	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	480	260	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	325	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	79,210	40,960	38,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	76,615	39,870	36,755	96.7	97.3	96.1
English	560	270	295	0.7	0.7	0.8
French	950	395	560	1.2	1.0	1.5
Non-official language	1,015	425	590	1.3	1.0	1.5
Indigenous³⁹	700	305	395	0.9	0.7	1.0
Non-Indigenous	310	115	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	64,965	33,650	31,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,135	3,980	6,155	15.6	11.8	19.7
Worked outside Canada	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	7,995	6,195	1,800	12.3	18.4	5.7
Usual place of work	46,760	23,425	23,335	72.0	69.6	74.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	46,760	23,425	23,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	37,915	18,340	19,580	81.1	78.3	83.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	7,795	4,290	3,505	16.7	18.3	15.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	890	685	210	1.9	2.9	0.9
Commute to a different province or territory	155	115	40	0.3	0.5	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	54,750	29,620	25,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	48,470	26,365	22,110	88.5	89.0	88.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	44,665	24,525	20,140	81.6	82.8	80.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,810	1,845	1,970	7.0	6.2	7.8
Public transit	1,580	870	710	2.9	2.9	2.8
Walked	3,105	1,435	1,670	5.7	4.8	6.6
Bicycle	485	340	145	0.9	1.1	0.6
Other method	1,110	610	500	2.0	2.1	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	54,750	29,620	25,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	27,725	13,790	13,940	50.6	46.6	55.5
15 to 29 minutes	18,520	10,200	8,320	33.8	34.4	33.1
30 to 44 minutes	4,940	3,035	1,905	9.0	10.2	7.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,415	915	500	2.6	3.1	2.0
60 minutes and over	2,150	1,675	475	3.9	5.7	1.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	54,750	29,620	25,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,750	2,125	625	5.0	7.2	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,155	4,380	2,775	13.1	14.8	11.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	14,670	8,615	6,045	26.8	29.1	24.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	15,030	6,545	8,485	27.5	22.1	33.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,900	3,120	3,780	12.6	10.5	15.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,250	4,835	3,415	15.1	16.3	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	28,960	14,960	14,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,715	1,350	1,365	9.4	9.0	9.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,245	13,615	12,635	90.6	91.0	90.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	21,005	10,915	10,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,035	1,020	1,020	9.7	9.3	10.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,235	605	635	5.9	5.5	6.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	800	415	385	3.8	3.8	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,970	9,900	9,070	90.3	90.7	89.9

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 10, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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