Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thunder Bay--Rainy RiverMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	82,360	40,925	41,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,620	6,515	6,105	15.3	15.9	14.7
0 to 4 years	3,965	2,040	1,930	4.8	5.0	4.7
5 to 9 years	4,330	2,240	2,090	5.3	5.5	5.0
10 to 14 years	4,325	2,235	2,090	5.3	5.5	5.0
15 to 64 years	51,850	25,900	25,945	63.0	63.3	62.6
15 to 19 years	4,275	2,200	2,075	5.2	5.4	5.0
20 to 24 years	4,745	2,520	2,225	5.8	6.2	5.4
25 to 29 years	5,350	2,725	2,625	6.5	6.7	6.3
30 to 34 years	5,120	2,650	2,470	6.2	6.5	6.0
35 to 39 years	4,620	2,265	2,350	5.6	5.5	5.7
40 to 44 years	4,500	2,190	2,315	5.5	5.4	5.6
45 to 49 years	4,690	2,290	2,400	5.7	5.6	5.8
50 to 54 years	5,355	2,570	2,790	6.5	6.3	6.7
55 to 59 years	6,340	3,110	3,230	7.7	7.6	7.8
60 to 64 years	6,850	3,385	3,465	8.3	8.3	8.4
65 years and over	17,895	8,510	9,380	21.7	20.8	22.6
65 to 69 years	5,755	2,900	2,855	7.0	7.1	6.9
70 to 74 years	4,895	2,460	2,440	5.9	6.0	5.9
75 to 79 years	2,995	1,430	1,560	3.6	3.5	3.8
80 to 84 years	2,080	900	1,180	2.5	2.2	2.8
85 years and over	2,170	820	1,350	2.6	2.0	3.3
85 to 89 years	1,280	525	755	1.6	1.3	1.8
90 to 94 years	680	240	440	0.8	0.6	1.1
95 to 99 years	185	50	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.7	15.3	15.9	14.7
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.3	62.6	63.0	63.3	62.6
65 years and over	21.7	20.8	22.6	21.7	20.8	22.6
85 years and over	2.6	2.0	3.3	2.6	2.0	3.3
Average age of the population	43.6	42.8	44.5	43.6	42.8	44.5
Median age of the population	44.8	43.6	46.0	44.8	43.6	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,255	...	...	76.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	980	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	595	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	935	...	...	2.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,675	...	...	13.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	680	...	...	1.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	540	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,555	...	...	32.3	...	...
2 persons	13,055	...	...	36.5	...	...
3 persons	4,935	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	3,940	...	...	11.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,285	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	80,970	40,290	40,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	69,740	34,415	35,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	38,465	19,165	19,295	55.2	55.7	54.6
Married	30,090	14,990	15,100	43.1	43.6	42.7
Living common-law	8,375	4,175	4,200	12.0	12.1	11.9
Living common law - Never married	6,060	3,025	3,035	8.7	8.8	8.6
Living common law - Separated	470	230	235	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	1,605	820	780	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	240	90	150	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	31,280	15,245	16,030	44.9	44.3	45.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	19,875	11,105	8,765	28.5	32.3	24.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,245	995	1,250	3.2	2.9	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,350	1,995	2,355	6.2	5.8	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,810	1,150	3,660	6.9	3.3	10.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,290	...	...	57.1	...	...
3 persons	4,685	...	...	20.1	...	...
4 persons	3,600	...	...	15.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,690	...	...	7.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	18,870	...	...	81.1	...	...
Married couples	14,685	...	...	63.1	...	...
With children⁶	6,555	...	...	28.2	...	...
Without children	8,130	...	...	34.9	...	...
Common-law couples	4,185	...	...	18.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,755	...	...	7.5	...	...
Without children	2,435	...	...	10.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,400	...	...	18.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,275	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,125	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	80,970	40,290	40,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	64,260	31,850	32,410	79.4	79.1	79.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	37,745	18,825	18,925	46.6	46.7	46.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,400	1,120	3,275	5.4	2.8	8.1
Children⁶	22,115	11,905	10,215	27.3	29.5	25.1
In a two-parent family	15,265	8,120	7,155	18.9	20.2	17.6
In a one-parent family	6,845	3,785	3,060	8.5	9.4	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,705	8,445	8,270	20.6	21.0	20.3
Living alone	11,555	5,650	5,905	14.3	14.0	14.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,025	960	1,065	2.5	2.4	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	3,130	1,835	1,290	3.9	4.6	3.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,030	...	...	58.8	...	...
Couple-family households	17,570	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	7,685	...	...	21.5	...	...
Without children	9,885	...	...	27.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,455	...	...	9.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	710	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	980	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,390	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	11,555	...	...	32.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	68,355	33,785	34,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,130	32,605	33,520	96.7	96.5	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,200	38,000	42,800	49,200	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,160	32,620	33,535	96.8	96.6	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	43,600	34,400	38,800	43,600	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,225	29,340	28,890	85.2	86.8	83.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,600	30,000	36,800	43,600	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,770	23,600	22,175	67.0	69.9	64.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	33,200	38,000	44,000	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,060	29,275	30,790	87.9	86.7	89.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	9,400	11,600	10,500	9,400	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,045	3,590	3,450	10.3	10.6	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	6,040	5,480	5,800	6,040	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,655	7,400	8,255	22.9	21.9	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	68,255	33,735	34,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,205	32,605	33,595	97.0	96.7	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,520	56,950	44,280	50,520	56,950	44,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,230	32,620	33,610	97.0	96.7	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	47,760	38,760	43,200	47,760	38,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,130	29,230	28,905	85.2	86.6	83.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	52,850	38,280	45,600	52,850	38,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,735	23,575	22,170	67.0	69.9	64.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,760	51,500	39,640	45,760	51,500	39,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,190	29,340	30,850	88.2	87.0	89.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,520	10,640	12,350	11,520	10,640	12,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,905	3,635	3,265	10.1	10.8	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,150	7,320	6,950	7,150	7,320	6,950
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,685	7,525	8,155	23.0	22.3	23.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,640	8,370	8,890	8,640	8,370	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	68,255	33,735	34,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,795	11,300	9,500	30.5	33.5	27.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	67,500	57,200	62,400	67,500	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	75,700	62,350	69,600	75,700	62,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,275	8,650	9,620	26.8	25.6	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,400	18,200	20,400	23,400	18,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,200	34,640	24,360	29,200	34,640	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	83.2	74.4	79.2	83.2	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.6	65.4	59.1	62.6	65.4	59.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.7	16.8	25.6	20.7	16.8	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.8	5.9	4.8	3.8	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.4	4.9	4.1	3.4	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	68,355	33,785	34,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,225	1,180	1,045	3.3	3.5	3.0
With total income	66,130	32,605	33,520	96.7	96.5	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,725	2,090	2,635	7.2	6.4	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,720	3,080	4,640	11.7	9.4	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,615	4,040	5,580	14.5	12.4	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	8,545	3,655	4,890	12.9	11.2	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,090	3,795	4,295	12.2	11.6	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	6,880	3,490	3,390	10.4	10.7	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,460	2,965	2,495	8.3	9.1	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,065	2,350	1,715	6.1	7.2	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,905	1,770	1,130	4.4	5.4	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,250	1,360	890	3.4	4.2	2.7
$100,000 and over	5,870	4,015	1,860	8.9	12.3	5.5
$100,000 to $149,999	4,455	2,915	1,540	6.7	8.9	4.6
$150,000 and over	1,415	1,100	315	2.1	3.4	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	68,355	33,785	34,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,195	1,165	1,030	3.2	3.4	3.0
With after-tax income	66,160	32,620	33,535	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,020	2,155	2,865	7.6	6.6	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,005	3,200	4,810	12.1	9.8	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	10,930	4,560	6,375	16.5	14.0	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	10,245	4,640	5,610	15.5	14.2	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,505	4,715	4,780	14.4	14.5	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	7,395	3,990	3,400	11.2	12.2	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,075	2,945	2,130	7.7	9.0	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,460	2,120	1,340	5.2	6.5	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,495	1,465	1,030	3.8	4.5	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,440	920	515	2.2	2.8	1.6
$100,000 and over	2,590	1,905	680	3.9	5.8	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,575	1,135	440	2.4	3.5	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,015	770	240	1.5	2.4	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	68,355	33,785	34,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,580	10,185	12,395	33.0	30.2	35.9
With employment income	45,775	23,600	22,175	67.0	69.9	64.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,765	3,420	3,350	14.8	14.5	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	3,300	1,415	1,885	7.2	6.0	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	5,050	2,245	2,810	11.0	9.5	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	4,230	1,950	2,275	9.2	8.3	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	4,325	1,995	2,325	9.4	8.5	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,205	1,910	2,300	9.2	8.1	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,985	1,955	2,030	8.7	8.3	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	3,275	1,785	1,490	7.2	7.6	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	2,475	1,480	1,000	5.4	6.3	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,055	1,320	735	4.5	5.6	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,780	1,010	765	3.9	4.3	3.4
$100,000 and over	4,330	3,110	1,220	9.4	13.2	5.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,370	1,560	810	5.2	6.6	3.7
$125,000 and over	1,960	1,545	410	4.3	6.6	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	68,355	33,785	34,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,235	32,100	33,135	95.4	95.0	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,400	35,600	41,200	48,400	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,275	32,105	33,175	95.5	95.0	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,800	32,400	37,200	42,800	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,835	29,005	28,830	84.6	85.9	83.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,600	31,400	38,000	45,600	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	46,230	23,680	22,550	67.6	70.1	65.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	34,000	39,200	46,000	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,170	27,790	29,380	83.6	82.3	85.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,360	3,720	7,750	6,360	3,720	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,070	3,165	2,905	8.9	9.4	8.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,560	5,480	5,520	5,560	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	68,255	33,735	34,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,130	31,970	33,155	95.4	94.8	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,600	55,550	41,880	48,600	55,550	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,150	31,970	33,180	95.5	94.8	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,360	46,440	36,440	41,360	46,440	36,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,550	28,860	28,685	84.3	85.5	83.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	53,700	38,600	46,160	53,700	38,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45,855	23,550	22,310	67.2	69.8	64.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,160	52,250	39,720	46,160	52,250	39,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,255	27,805	29,445	83.9	82.4	85.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,160	9,540	8,870	8,160	9,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,030	3,140	2,890	8.8	9.3	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,990	6,650	7,360	6,990	6,650	7,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	68,255	33,735	34,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,575	11,175	9,405	30.1	33.1	27.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	66,000	53,200	59,200	66,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,500	72,900	58,900	66,500	72,900	58,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,230	8,080	9,150	25.2	24.0	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	30,600	22,400	25,600	30,600	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,720	40,040	28,160	33,720	40,040	28,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.0	87.2	79.8	84.0	87.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	67.0	69.2	63.9	67.0	69.2	63.9
Government transfers (%)	16.0	12.8	20.2	16.0	12.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	93,500	...	...	93,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,520	...	...	41,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	115,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,500	...	...	98,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	675	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	815	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,445	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,335	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,260	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,325	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,420	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,425	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,830	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,685	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,495	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,270	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,200	...	...	36.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,255	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,995	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,465	...	...	9.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,485	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,770	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	340	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	685	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	845	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,525	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,530	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,510	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,575	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,685	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,675	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,310	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,015	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,790	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,610	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,175	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,315	...	...	28.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,145	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,735	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,430	...	...	9.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	14,680	7,485	7,200	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,000	36,400	38,000	40,000	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,000	33,600	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,700	...	...	115,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,600	...	...	98,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...	103,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,600	...	...	150,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,800	...	...	126,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...	76,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,900	...	...	68,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	14,540	7,350	7,195	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,480	47,920	42,960	45,480	47,920	42,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,520	41,120	37,880	39,520	41,120	37,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	80,970	40,290	40,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,215	7,845	7,365	18.8	19.5	18.1
0 to 5 years	4,815	2,475	2,335	5.9	6.1	5.7
18 to 64 years	48,795	24,275	24,525	60.3	60.3	60.3
65 years and over	16,960	8,175	8,785	20.9	20.3	21.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,465	4,530	4,935	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,285	1,195	1,090	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	795	420	380	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,125	2,535	2,590	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,060	805	1,255	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	11.3	12.1	11.7	11.3	12.1
0 to 17 years (%)	15.0	15.2	14.8	15.0	15.2	14.8
0 to 5 years (%)	16.6	16.8	16.3	16.6	16.8	16.3
18 to 64 years (%)	10.5	10.4	10.6	10.5	10.4	10.6
65 years and over (%)	12.1	9.8	14.3	12.1	9.8	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	77,760	38,720	39,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,255	7,385	6,875	18.3	19.1	17.6
0 to 5 years	4,535	2,340	2,190	5.8	6.0	5.6
18 to 64 years	46,900	23,330	23,570	60.3	60.3	60.4
65 years and over	16,605	8,010	8,600	21.4	20.7	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,255	1,735	1,520	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	560	295	265	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	105	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,475	1,365	1,115	...	...	...
65 years and over	220	80	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	4.5	3.9	4.2	4.5	3.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9	4.0	3.8	3.9	4.0	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.5	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.3	5.9	4.7	5.3	5.9	4.7
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	80,965	40,290	40,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	40,155	19,535	20,620	49.6	48.5	50.7
In bottom decile	8,705	4,315	4,390	10.8	10.7	10.8
In second decile	7,765	3,585	4,180	9.6	8.9	10.3
In third decile	7,715	3,710	4,005	9.5	9.2	9.8
In fourth decile	7,890	3,915	3,980	9.7	9.7	9.8
In fifth decile	8,075	4,010	4,070	10.0	10.0	10.0
In top half of the distribution	40,815	20,755	20,055	50.4	51.5	49.3
In sixth decile	8,575	4,270	4,305	10.6	10.6	10.6
In seventh decile	8,705	4,385	4,320	10.8	10.9	10.6
In eighth decile	8,500	4,310	4,195	10.5	10.7	10.3
In ninth decile	8,425	4,350	4,075	10.4	10.8	10.0
In top decile	6,600	3,445	3,160	8.2	8.6	7.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	80,965	...	...	80,965	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	81,240	40,440	40,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	76,355	38,340	38,020	94.0	94.8	93.2
French only	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	4,630	1,980	2,650	5.7	4.9	6.5
Neither English nor French	210	95	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	81,240	40,440	40,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	79,805	39,760	40,045	98.2	98.3	98.1
French	1,185	565	625	1.5	1.4	1.5
English and French	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	81,240	40,440	40,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	79,840	39,775	40,070	98.3	98.4	98.2
Official languages	73,945	36,930	37,010	91.0	91.3	90.7
English	72,655	36,315	36,335	89.4	89.8	89.0
French	1,290	615	680	1.6	1.5	1.7
Non-official languages	5,900	2,845	3,060	7.3	7.0	7.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	885	380	505	1.1	0.9	1.2
Algonquian languages	880	380	500	1.1	0.9	1.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	835	355	485	1.0	0.9	1.2
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	250	95	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ojibway languages	585	260	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	565	250	315	0.7	0.6	0.8
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,015	2,465	2,550	6.2	6.1	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	220	85	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	350	245	110	0.4	0.6	0.3
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	240	165	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamil	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	80	65	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,330	1,610	1,725	4.1	4.0	4.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	785	335	445	1.0	0.8	1.1
Baltic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	775	330	445	1.0	0.8	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	340	150	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	265	105	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	745	350	395	0.9	0.9	1.0
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	435	200	235	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	375	175	195	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	225	105	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Danish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	545	310	235	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	500	280	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	175	115	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,200	580	615	1.5	1.4	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	880	420	460	1.1	1.0	1.1
Portuguese	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	360	175	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	170	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Burmese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	410	185	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	340	155	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,400	660	735	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	365	175	190	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	940	455	490	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	81,240	40,440	40,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,415	37,650	37,765	92.8	93.1	92.5
French	240	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	850	420	430	1.0	1.0	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	735	375	365	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	750	320	430	0.9	0.8	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,870	1,880	1,990	4.8	4.6	4.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	81,240	40,440	40,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	80,495	40,095	40,400	99.1	99.1	99.0
Official languages	78,640	39,145	39,490	96.8	96.8	96.8
English	78,295	38,975	39,320	96.4	96.4	96.4
French	340	170	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	1,855	950	910	2.3	2.3	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	225	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	225	105	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	205	95	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway languages	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,630	845	790	2.0	2.1	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	210	150	60	0.3	0.4	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	145	100	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	50	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	850	415	435	1.0	1.0	1.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	155	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	290	165	120	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	270	160	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	310	125	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	75	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	145	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	130	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
S'gaw Karen	120	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	745	340	405	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	645	305	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	81,240	40,440	40,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,150	38,485	38,665	95.0	95.2	94.8
English	935	475	460	1.2	1.2	1.1
French	570	235	335	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	2,195	1,040	1,155	2.7	2.6	2.8
Indigenous³⁹	675	290	385	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-Indigenous	1,515	755	765	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	205	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	80,895	40,220	40,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	80,655	40,095	40,565	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	80,625	40,080	40,550	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	4,465	1,935	2,535	5.5	4.8	6.2
Non-official languages	8,590	4,110	4,480	10.6	10.2	11.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,805	825	980	2.2	2.1	2.4
Algonquian languages	1,785	810	975	2.2	2.0	2.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,735	785	950	2.1	2.0	2.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	310	120	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ojibway languages	1,445	670	775	1.8	1.7	1.9
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,390	650	740	1.7	1.6	1.8
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,790	3,285	3,505	8.4	8.2	8.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	295	95	200	0.4	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	260	75	190	0.3	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	515	340	175	0.6	0.8	0.4
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	330	195	135	0.4	0.5	0.3
Tamil	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	160	130	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,615	2,265	2,355	5.7	5.6	5.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	910	375	535	1.1	0.9	1.3
Baltic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	895	370	525	1.1	0.9	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	370	150	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Russian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	315	120	195	0.4	0.3	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,035	490	540	1.3	1.2	1.3
Frisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	655	295	365	0.8	0.7	0.9
German	555	250	300	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	300	165	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	230	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	775	445	325	1.0	1.1	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	720	425	295	0.9	1.1	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	200	145	50	0.2	0.4	0.1
Hindi	540	350	185	0.7	0.9	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,915	950	965	2.4	2.4	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,235	630	600	1.5	1.6	1.5
Portuguese	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	530	250	285	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	450	240	210	0.6	0.6	0.5
Chinese languages	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	260	155	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Burmese	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	235	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
S'gaw Karen	205	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	555	230	325	0.7	0.6	0.8
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	475	190	285	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hungarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	80,890	40,220	40,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	14,835	7,190	7,640	18.3	17.9	18.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,455	7,035	7,420	17.9	17.5	18.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	11,255	5,515	5,745	13.9	13.7	14.1
Métis	3,175	1,510	1,665	3.9	3.8	4.1
Inuk (Inuit)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	240	85	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-Indigenous identity	66,055	33,030	33,030	81.7	82.1	81.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	80,890	40,220	40,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	10,325	4,990	5,330	12.8	12.4	13.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	70,565	35,225	35,345	87.2	87.6	86.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,495	...	...	74.1	...	...
Renter	8,640	...	...	24.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	615	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	850	...	...	2.4	...	...
Not condominium	34,905	...	...	97.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	105	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	3,960	...	...	11.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,705	...	...	24.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,915	...	...	38.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,065	...	...	25.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,015	...	...	22.4	...	...
5 rooms	6,025	...	...	16.9	...	...
6 rooms	6,165	...	...	17.2	...	...
7 rooms	5,030	...	...	14.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,520	...	...	29.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,420	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	335	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	34,520	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,230	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	13,535	...	...	37.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,660	...	...	32.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,815	...	...	10.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,435	...	...	9.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	950	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	805	...	...	2.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	730	...	...	2.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	825	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	32,420	...	...	90.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,340	...	...	9.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,540	...	...	54.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,180	...	...	42.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,030	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	845	...	...	2.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,610	...	...	12.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,205	...	...	14.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,805	...	...	16.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,940	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,685	...	...	18.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,430	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,230	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	34,270	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,660	...	...	86.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,615	...	...	13.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,240	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,335	...	...	23.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,965	...	...	11.1	...	...
Not suitable only	935	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,605	...	...	7.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	535	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,420	...	...	76.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	33,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,835	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not in core need	31,065	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.2	...	...	52.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,068	...	...	1,068	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	274,000	...	...	274,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	291,600	...	...	291,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	24.3	...	...	24.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.5	...	...	29.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.0	...	...	21.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	890	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	925	...	...	925	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	615	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	300	...	...	300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	366	...	...	366	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	80,895	40,220	40,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,545	4,170	4,375	10.6	10.4	10.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,465	4,125	4,340	10.5	10.3	10.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,780	3,785	3,990	9.6	9.4	9.8
Métis single ancestry	675	330	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,625	3,265	3,365	8.2	8.1	8.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,495	3,200	3,295	8.0	8.0	8.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,505	2,275	2,235	5.6	5.7	5.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,970	915	1,050	2.4	2.3	2.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	125	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	60	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	65,715	32,785	32,935	81.2	81.5	81.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	80,890	40,220	40,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	78,555	39,025	39,530	97.1	97.0	97.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,160	7,805	7,350	18.7	19.4	18.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	63,395	31,220	32,180	78.4	77.6	79.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,335	1,195	1,140	2.9	3.0	2.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	80,890	40,220	40,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	74,470	37,065	37,400	92.1	92.2	92.0
Immigrants⁸¹	5,245	2,470	2,785	6.5	6.1	6.8
Before 1980	2,680	1,260	1,420	3.3	3.1	3.5
1980 to 1990	630	220	405	0.8	0.5	1.0
1991 to 2000	530	220	315	0.7	0.5	0.8
2001 to 2010	525	295	230	0.6	0.7	0.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	880	475	410	1.1	1.2	1.0
2011 to 2015	345	190	155	0.4	0.5	0.4
2016 to 2021	535	285	250	0.7	0.7	0.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,175	685	490	1.5	1.7	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,250	2,470	2,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	860	460	400	16.4	18.6	14.4
5 to 14 years	1,205	635	570	23.0	25.7	20.5
15 to 24 years	1,235	515	720	23.5	20.9	25.9
25 to 44 years	1,735	760	980	33.0	30.8	35.3
45 years and over	210	105	105	4.0	4.3	3.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,250	2,470	2,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,235	525	720	23.5	21.3	25.9
Brazil	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	20	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.5
Mexico	45	15	35	0.9	0.6	1.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	35	25	15	0.7	1.0	0.5
United States of America	930	370	560	17.7	15.0	20.1
Other places of birth in Americas	125	60	70	2.4	2.4	2.5
Europe	2,725	1,285	1,440	51.9	52.0	51.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.5
France	40	15	25	0.8	0.6	0.9
Germany	270	115	160	5.1	4.7	5.8
Greece	50	20	30	1.0	0.8	1.1
Hungary	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italy	635	305	330	12.1	12.3	11.9
Netherlands	190	120	70	3.6	4.9	2.5
Poland	210	80	120	4.0	3.2	4.3
Portugal	70	40	30	1.3	1.6	1.1
Romania	50	20	35	1.0	0.8	1.3
Russian Federation	25	20	10	0.5	0.8	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	45	20	30	0.9	0.8	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	675	355	325	12.9	14.4	11.7
Other places of birth in Europe	400	155	235	7.6	6.3	8.5
Africa	200	105	95	3.8	4.3	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	15	15	0.5	0.6	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	30	1.1	1.2	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	80	35	40	1.5	1.4	1.4
Asia	1,045	530	515	19.9	21.5	18.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.7
Iraq	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	55	50	1.9	2.2	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	20	15	0.8	0.8	0.5
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	245	60	185	4.7	2.4	6.7
Viet Nam	60	25	35	1.1	1.0	1.3
Bangladesh	60	25	35	1.1	1.0	1.3
India	140	95	45	2.7	3.8	1.6
Pakistan	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	310	210	105	5.9	8.5	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	30	10	0.8	1.2	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	535	285	250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	145	75	75	27.1	26.3	30.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	2.8	0.0	4.0
United States of America	80	45	35	15.0	15.8	14.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	15	4.7	3.5	6.0
Europe	60	35	25	11.2	12.3	10.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	30	0	6.5	10.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	1.9	0.0	4.0
Africa	70	40	30	13.1	14.0	12.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	0	0	1.9	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	4.7	5.3	4.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	250	120	130	46.7	42.1	52.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	2.8	3.5	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10	2.8	0.0	4.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	90	60	30	16.8	21.1	12.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	3.7	3.5	6.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	65	10	55	12.1	3.5	22.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	10	0	1.9	3.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	1.9	3.5	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	1.9	3.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	1.9	3.5	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	80,890	40,220	40,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,940	3,390	3,555	8.6	8.4	8.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,100	6,075	6,020	15.0	15.1	14.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	61,850	30,750	31,100	76.5	76.5	76.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,570	1,210	1,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	965	440	520	37.5	36.4	38.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	380	230	145	14.8	19.0	10.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	585	210	375	22.8	17.4	27.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,070	435	635	41.6	36.0	46.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	525	325	200	20.4	26.9	14.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,570	1,210	1,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55	35	20	2.1	2.9	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	330	185	145	12.8	15.3	10.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	50	70	4.7	4.1	5.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	165	85	80	6.4	7.0	5.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100	25	80	3.9	2.1	5.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,795	830	970	69.8	68.6	71.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	80,890	40,220	40,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,855	2,070	1,780	4.8	5.1	4.4
South Asian	1,225	755	470	1.5	1.9	1.2
Chinese	320	175	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Black	625	350	280	0.8	0.9	0.7
Filipino	365	140	225	0.5	0.3	0.6
Arab	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin American	180	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	520	270	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
West Asian	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	130	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	77,040	38,150	38,890	95.2	94.9	95.6
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	80,890	40,220	40,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,455	4,770	4,690	11.7	11.9	11.5
English	19,215	9,330	9,880	23.8	23.2	24.3
Irish	15,235	7,320	7,915	18.8	18.2	19.5
Scottish	16,345	8,090	8,255	20.2	20.1	20.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,285	5,350	5,935	14.0	13.3	14.6
German	8,630	4,210	4,415	10.7	10.5	10.9
Chinese	460	245	215	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italian	8,520	4,425	4,090	10.5	11.0	10.1
Indian (India)	915	580	335	1.1	1.4	0.8
Ukrainian	9,820	4,850	4,970	12.1	12.1	12.2
Dutch	3,440	1,730	1,705	4.3	4.3	4.2
Polish	4,425	2,125	2,300	5.5	5.3	5.7
Québécois	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,920	975	940	2.4	2.4	2.3
Filipino	360	130	225	0.4	0.3	0.6
French Canadian	925	460	465	1.1	1.1	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,240	640	600	1.5	1.6	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,180	2,630	2,550	6.4	6.5	6.3
Métis	2,845	1,355	1,490	3.5	3.4	3.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,135	550	580	1.4	1.4	1.4
Russian	1,010	485	520	1.2	1.2	1.3
Norwegian	2,505	1,210	1,295	3.1	3.0	3.2
Welsh	1,270	645	620	1.6	1.6	1.5
Portuguese	375	205	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
American	985	450	540	1.2	1.1	1.3
Spanish	340	140	200	0.4	0.3	0.5
Swedish	3,340	1,550	1,790	4.1	3.9	4.4
Hungarian	765	410	355	0.9	1.0	0.9
Acadian	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Punjabi	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	205	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	370	220	155	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	130	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	485	225	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	370	180	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	265	135	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	735	335	395	0.9	0.8	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,715	845	870	2.1	2.1	2.1
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	395	200	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	300	145	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	160	120	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexican	145	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mennonite	175	65	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Swiss	645	300	340	0.8	0.7	0.8
Finnish	6,210	2,955	3,255	7.7	7.3	8.0
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	320	130	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
Japanese	250	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	465	225	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	375	160	220	0.5	0.4	0.5
Colombian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	230	135	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Syrian	105	70	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	3,820	1,825	1,995	4.7	4.5	4.9
Newfoundlander	170	110	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	295	145	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	1,365	760	605	1.7	1.9	1.5
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South African	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	245	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	595	285	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	430	180	250	0.5	0.4	0.6
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	205	115	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	80,890	40,220	40,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	43,750	20,315	23,435	54.1	50.5	57.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,455	2,155	2,305	5.5	5.4	5.7
Anabaptist	310	125	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Anglican	3,765	1,735	2,030	4.7	4.3	5.0
Baptist	1,315	620	690	1.6	1.5	1.7
Catholic	21,160	10,050	11,110	26.2	25.0	27.3
Christian Orthodox	480	250	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	205	85	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	185	65	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	2,625	1,215	1,405	3.2	3.0	3.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	470	220	250	0.6	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	1,190	560	630	1.5	1.4	1.5
Reformed	600	255	345	0.7	0.6	0.8
United Church	4,805	1,995	2,810	5.9	5.0	6.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,005	910	1,100	2.5	2.3	2.7
Hindu	620	415	205	0.8	1.0	0.5
Jewish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	205	95	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,455	715	740	1.8	1.8	1.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	595	250	340	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	33,975	18,295	15,680	42.0	45.5	38.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	80,150	39,830	40,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	72,100	35,780	36,320	90.0	89.8	90.1
Movers	8,045	4,050	3,995	10.0	10.2	9.9
Non-migrants	5,805	2,930	2,875	7.2	7.4	7.1
Migrants	2,245	1,120	1,125	2.8	2.8	2.8
Internal migrants	1,950	975	975	2.4	2.4	2.4
Intraprovincial migrants	1,620	815	800	2.0	2.0	2.0
Interprovincial migrants	335	160	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	295	145	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	76,935	38,275	38,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	51,915	25,765	26,150	67.5	67.3	67.6
Movers	25,020	12,505	12,510	32.5	32.7	32.4
Non-migrants	13,065	6,525	6,540	17.0	17.0	16.9
Migrants	11,960	5,985	5,975	15.5	15.6	15.5
Internal migrants	10,460	5,140	5,320	13.6	13.4	13.8
Intraprovincial migrants	8,950	4,410	4,540	11.6	11.5	11.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,510	730	780	2.0	1.9	2.0
External migrants	1,500	845	655	1.9	2.2	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,255	33,730	34,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,660	7,830	6,825	21.5	23.2	19.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,600	25,905	27,695	78.5	76.8	80.2
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,415	20,990	21,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,120	3,470	2,650	14.4	16.5	12.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	36,290	17,515	18,775	85.6	83.4	87.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	68,260	33,735	34,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,620	6,530	6,090	18.5	19.4	17.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,210	9,995	10,215	29.6	29.6	29.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,430	17,205	18,220	51.9	51.0	52.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,820	12,340	11,475	34.9	36.6	33.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,645	4,530	1,115	8.3	13.4	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,360	1,585	770	3.5	4.7	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,285	2,945	340	4.8	8.7	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,945	7,285	9,665	24.8	21.6	28.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,230	525	705	1.8	1.6	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,610	4,870	6,735	17.0	14.4	19.5
Bachelor's degree	8,290	3,360	4,930	12.1	10.0	14.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	825	355	475	1.2	1.1	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	325	175	145	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	1,885	820	1,060	2.8	2.4	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	285	160	125	0.4	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,410	20,985	21,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,015	2,760	2,255	11.8	13.2	10.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,230	6,495	5,730	28.8	31.0	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,165	11,730	13,440	59.3	55.9	62.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,700	8,425	8,280	39.4	40.1	38.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,615	2,890	725	8.5	13.8	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,585	1,090	495	3.7	5.2	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,030	1,800	230	4.8	8.6	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,400	5,260	7,145	29.2	25.1	33.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	685	275	410	1.6	1.3	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,465	3,310	5,160	20.0	15.8	24.1
Bachelor's degree	6,030	2,345	3,690	14.2	11.2	17.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	620	230	385	1.5	1.1	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225	105	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	1,395	535	865	3.3	2.5	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	95	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	68,255	33,735	34,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,830	16,525	16,305	48.1	49.0	47.2
Education	2,330	705	1,625	3.4	2.1	4.7
13. Education	2,330	705	1,625	3.4	2.1	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	635	315	325	0.9	0.9	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	575	265	315	0.8	0.8	0.9
Humanities	1,265	480	780	1.9	1.4	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	335	75	265	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	140	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	155	95	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,725	1,035	2,685	5.5	3.1	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	90	20	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,075	80	995	1.6	0.2	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	325	95	235	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	30	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	860	215	640	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,080	520	565	1.6	1.5	1.6
Business, management and public administration	6,435	1,935	4,505	9.4	5.7	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,315	220	1,095	1.9	0.7	3.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,115	1,715	3,400	7.5	5.1	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,020	480	540	1.5	1.4	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	390	155	230	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	225	105	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	330	195	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	955	540	415	1.4	1.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	725	455	275	1.1	1.3	0.8
25. Library science	155	35	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,520	8,040	485	12.5	23.8	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	135	95	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	805	715	85	1.2	2.1	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,130	1,900	230	3.1	5.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,845	1,810	40	2.7	5.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,330	2,270	60	3.4	6.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,275	1,250	25	1.9	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,200	800	405	1.8	2.4	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400	220	185	0.6	0.7	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	800	585	215	1.2	1.7	0.6
Health and related fields	6,510	1,175	5,335	9.5	3.5	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	495	220	280	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,910	905	5,005	8.7	2.7	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,820	1,705	1,120	4.1	5.1	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,180	345	830	1.7	1.0	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	715	535	180	1.0	1.6	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	925	820	100	1.4	2.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	42,415	20,990	21,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,245	9,260	7,985	40.7	44.1	37.3
Education	1,495	370	1,125	3.5	1.8	5.3
13. Education	1,495	370	1,125	3.5	1.8	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	480	215	260	1.1	1.0	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	435	180	250	1.0	0.9	1.2
Humanities	790	275	515	1.9	1.3	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	190	40	155	0.4	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	95	170	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	70	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	90	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,715	660	2,055	6.4	3.1	9.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	65	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	790	55	735	1.9	0.3	3.4
22. Legal professions and studies	270	65	205	0.6	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	620	135	485	1.5	0.6	2.3
45. Social sciences	750	320	435	1.8	1.5	2.0
Business, management and public administration	4,950	1,450	3,500	11.7	6.9	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,040	160	875	2.5	0.8	4.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,905	1,285	2,620	9.2	6.1	12.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	705	310	395	1.7	1.5	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	250	90	160	0.6	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	165	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	235	140	95	0.6	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	640	355	285	1.5	1.7	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	515	310	205	1.2	1.5	1.0
25. Library science	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,710	5,310	395	13.5	25.3	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	585	515	70	1.4	2.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,515	1,330	190	3.6	6.3	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,200	1,170	30	2.8	5.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,500	1,445	55	3.5	6.9	0.3
48. Precision production	805	785	20	1.9	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	870	525	345	2.1	2.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	290	135	155	0.7	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	580	390	185	1.4	1.9	0.9
Health and related fields	4,625	915	3,710	10.9	4.4	17.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	370	160	205	0.9	0.8	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,180	725	3,450	9.9	3.5	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,200	1,345	855	5.2	6.4	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	895	290	605	2.1	1.4	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	555	385	170	1.3	1.8	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	750	665	90	1.8	3.2	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	42,415	20,990	21,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,245	9,260	7,985	40.7	44.1	37.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	25,170	11,725	13,445	59.3	55.9	62.8
Location of study inside Canada	23,480	10,910	12,570	55.4	52.0	58.7
Same as province or territory of residence	21,580	10,095	11,485	50.9	48.1	53.6
Different than province or territory of residence	1,895	815	1,080	4.5	3.9	5.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,690	820	875	4.0	3.9	4.1
Americas	615	270	350	1.4	1.3	1.6
United States of America	525	230	290	1.2	1.1	1.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	340	180	160	0.8	0.9	0.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	125	85	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	65	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	590	275	315	1.4	1.3	1.5
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	95	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.4
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	375	205	170	0.9	1.0	0.8
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	85	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	68,255	33,735	34,520	...	...	...
In the labour force	39,775	20,450	19,325	...	...	...
Employed	35,595	18,300	17,300	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,180	2,150	2,025	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	28,480	13,285	15,195	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.3	60.6	56.0	58.3	60.6	56.0
Employment rate	52.2	54.2	50.1	52.2	54.2	50.1
Unemployment rate	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5	10.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	68,255	33,735	34,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,735	12,995	14,740	40.6	38.5	42.7
Worked	40,520	20,735	19,785	59.4	61.5	57.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,315	11,605	9,705	31.2	34.4	28.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,205	9,130	10,075	28.1	27.1	29.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.6	40.6	41.1	41.6	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	39,780	20,450	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	505	335	2.1	2.5	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	38,940	19,945	18,990	97.9	97.5	98.2
Employee	34,995	17,470	17,525	88.0	85.4	90.7
Permanent position	29,180	14,645	14,540	73.4	71.6	75.2
Temporary position	5,810	2,825	2,980	14.6	13.8	15.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,755	765	990	4.4	3.7	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,060	2,060	1,990	10.2	10.1	10.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,945	2,475	1,470	9.9	12.1	7.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	39,780	20,450	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	505	335	2.1	2.5	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	38,940	19,945	18,990	97.9	97.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	340	190	150	0.9	0.9	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,740	1,460	4,275	14.4	7.1	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,055	1,545	510	5.2	7.6	2.6
3 Health occupations	3,760	675	3,080	9.5	3.3	15.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,990	1,795	4,190	15.1	8.8	21.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	620	235	380	1.6	1.1	2.0
6 Sales and service occupations	9,540	4,210	5,330	24.0	20.6	27.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,040	7,380	660	20.2	36.1	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,565	1,285	275	3.9	6.3	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,300	1,165	135	3.3	5.7	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	39,780	20,450	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	840	505	335	2.1	2.5	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	38,940	19,945	18,990	97.9	97.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,345	970	375	3.4	4.7	1.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,075	920	155	2.7	4.5	0.8
22 Utilities	575	460	120	1.4	2.2	0.6
23 Construction	2,960	2,625	340	7.4	12.8	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,565	1,285	280	3.9	6.3	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	895	685	210	2.2	3.3	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	4,730	2,295	2,435	11.9	11.2	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,475	1,955	520	6.2	9.6	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	515	310	205	1.3	1.5	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	745	270	470	1.9	1.3	2.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	375	235	145	0.9	1.1	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,920	980	940	4.8	4.8	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,465	945	520	3.7	4.6	2.7
61 Educational services	3,015	850	2,160	7.6	4.2	11.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,320	1,205	6,115	18.4	5.9	31.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	545	305	245	1.4	1.5	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,470	1,095	1,375	6.2	5.4	7.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,730	940	785	4.3	4.6	4.1
91 Public administration	3,195	1,610	1,585	8.0	7.9	8.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	43,255	22,215	21,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	42,270	21,885	20,385	97.7	98.5	96.9
French	125	45	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	425	140	285	1.0	0.6	1.4
English and non-official language(s)	400	130	270	0.9	0.6	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	43,255	22,215	21,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,165	22,170	20,990	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	43,100	22,140	20,960	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	42,915	22,080	20,835	99.2	99.4	99.0
French	185	60	125	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	43,255	22,215	21,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	42,520	21,990	20,530	98.3	99.0	97.6
English	90	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	335	115	220	0.8	0.5	1.0
Non-official language	295	85	215	0.7	0.4	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	180	50	130	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-Indigenous	120	30	85	0.3	0.1	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	35,600	18,295	17,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,105	1,930	3,175	14.3	10.5	18.4
Worked outside Canada	80	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	4,635	3,550	1,080	13.0	19.4	6.2
Usual place of work	25,780	12,765	13,015	72.4	69.8	75.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	25,775	12,765	13,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,290	9,210	10,085	74.8	72.2	77.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,890	3,140	2,755	22.9	24.6	21.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	490	335	150	1.9	2.6	1.2
Commute to a different province or territory	110	85	20	0.4	0.7	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,415	16,320	14,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	27,320	14,710	12,615	89.8	90.1	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	25,265	13,715	11,545	83.1	84.0	81.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,060	995	1,070	6.8	6.1	7.6
Public transit	805	415	380	2.6	2.5	2.7
Walked	1,365	620	740	4.5	3.8	5.3
Bicycle	305	240	65	1.0	1.5	0.5
Other method	615	325	290	2.0	2.0	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,415	16,320	14,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,145	7,605	7,540	49.8	46.6	53.5
15 to 29 minutes	9,870	5,190	4,680	32.5	31.8	33.2
30 to 44 minutes	3,000	1,785	1,215	9.9	10.9	8.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,020	670	345	3.4	4.1	2.4
60 minutes and over	1,380	1,070	310	4.5	6.6	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,415	16,320	14,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,755	1,315	440	5.8	8.1	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,465	2,835	1,630	14.7	17.4	11.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,635	5,050	3,585	28.4	30.9	25.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,845	3,150	4,695	25.8	19.3	33.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,280	1,395	1,885	10.8	8.5	13.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,430	2,575	1,855	14.6	15.8	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,515	8,005	7,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,040	510	530	6.7	6.4	7.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,470	7,490	6,975	93.3	93.6	92.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,240	5,815	5,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	770	390	380	6.9	6.7	7.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	350	180	170	3.1	3.1	3.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	415	210	210	3.7	3.6	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,470	5,425	5,045	93.1	93.3	93.0

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 5, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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