Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thunder Bay--Superior NorthMore information: Ontario [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	86,145	42,865	43,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,140	6,775	6,370	15.3	15.8	14.7
0 to 4 years	4,065	2,080	1,985	4.7	4.9	4.6
5 to 9 years	4,455	2,330	2,115	5.2	5.4	4.9
10 to 14 years	4,620	2,360	2,260	5.4	5.5	5.2
15 to 64 years	54,385	27,275	27,115	63.1	63.6	62.7
15 to 19 years	4,425	2,295	2,125	5.1	5.4	4.9
20 to 24 years	5,425	2,890	2,540	6.3	6.7	5.9
25 to 29 years	5,720	2,960	2,760	6.6	6.9	6.4
30 to 34 years	5,325	2,670	2,655	6.2	6.2	6.1
35 to 39 years	5,105	2,545	2,565	5.9	5.9	5.9
40 to 44 years	4,730	2,350	2,380	5.5	5.5	5.5
45 to 49 years	4,875	2,435	2,445	5.7	5.7	5.6
50 to 54 years	5,240	2,555	2,690	6.1	6.0	6.2
55 to 59 years	6,510	3,185	3,325	7.6	7.4	7.7
60 to 64 years	7,030	3,395	3,635	8.2	7.9	8.4
65 years and over	18,620	8,825	9,795	21.6	20.6	22.6
65 to 69 years	6,140	3,060	3,080	7.1	7.1	7.1
70 to 74 years	4,970	2,430	2,540	5.8	5.7	5.9
75 to 79 years	3,135	1,500	1,635	3.6	3.5	3.8
80 to 84 years	2,115	940	1,175	2.5	2.2	2.7
85 years and over	2,260	890	1,370	2.6	2.1	3.2
85 to 89 years	1,435	620	820	1.7	1.4	1.9
90 to 94 years	665	230	430	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	155	40	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.8	14.7	15.3	15.8	14.7
15 to 64 years	63.1	63.6	62.7	63.1	63.6	62.7
65 years and over	21.6	20.6	22.6	21.6	20.6	22.6
85 years and over	2.6	2.1	3.2	2.6	2.1	3.2
Average age of the population	43.4	42.5	44.3	43.4	42.5	44.3
Median age of the population	44.0	42.8	45.6	44.0	42.8	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,565	...	...	70.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,450	...	...	3.8	...	...
Row house	1,315	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,655	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,530	...	...	12.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,900	...	...	5.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,705	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,435	...	...	33.0	...	...
2 persons	13,675	...	...	36.3	...	...
3 persons	5,060	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	4,250	...	...	11.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,285	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	84,735	42,150	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,005	36,095	36,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	39,665	19,770	19,895	54.3	54.8	53.9
Married	30,305	15,110	15,190	41.5	41.9	41.2
Living common-law	9,365	4,660	4,705	12.8	12.9	12.7
Living common law - Never married	6,985	3,505	3,485	9.6	9.7	9.4
Living common law - Separated	445	235	210	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	1,630	805	825	2.2	2.2	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	305	115	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	33,340	16,325	17,010	45.7	45.2	46.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,535	12,115	9,420	29.5	33.6	25.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,390	1,050	1,340	3.3	2.9	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,420	1,940	2,475	6.1	5.4	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,990	1,220	3,775	6.8	3.4	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,910	...	...	57.6	...	...
3 persons	4,740	...	...	19.6	...	...
4 persons	3,860	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,635	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,470	...	...	80.7	...	...
Married couples	14,790	...	...	61.3	...	...
With children⁶	6,525	...	...	27.0	...	...
Without children	8,265	...	...	34.2	...	...
Common-law couples	4,680	...	...	19.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,890	...	...	7.8	...	...
Without children	2,790	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,660	...	...	19.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,505	...	...	14.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,155	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	84,735	42,150	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	66,390	32,920	33,470	78.4	78.1	78.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,945	19,420	19,530	46.0	46.1	45.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,660	1,155	3,510	5.5	2.7	8.2
Children⁶	22,785	12,345	10,435	26.9	29.3	24.5
In a two-parent family	15,375	8,355	7,025	18.1	19.8	16.5
In a one-parent family	7,405	3,995	3,410	8.7	9.5	8.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,345	9,225	9,120	21.6	21.9	21.4
Living alone	12,435	5,920	6,520	14.7	14.0	15.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,130	1,050	1,075	2.5	2.5	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	3,785	2,255	1,520	4.5	5.3	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,785	...	...	57.8	...	...
Couple-family households	18,090	...	...	48.0	...	...
With children⁶	7,780	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	10,310	...	...	27.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,690	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	745	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	120	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	995	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,630	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	12,435	...	...	33.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	71,615	35,385	36,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,110	34,065	35,040	96.5	96.3	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	47,600	38,800	42,800	47,600	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,135	34,080	35,050	96.5	96.3	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	42,400	35,200	38,800	42,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,960	30,565	30,400	85.1	86.4	83.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	30,800	36,000	42,400	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,510	24,500	23,010	66.3	69.2	63.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	42,400	33,200	37,600	42,400	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,810	30,485	32,320	87.7	86.2	89.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,300	11,400	10,400	9,300	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,100	3,645	3,445	9.9	10.3	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	6,000	5,600	5,800	6,000	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,515	7,840	8,670	23.1	22.2	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	71,720	35,470	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,345	34,295	35,050	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450	59,000	46,000	52,450	59,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,385	34,310	35,070	96.7	96.7	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,480	49,080	39,960	44,480	49,080	39,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,135	30,800	30,330	85.2	86.8	83.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,520	55,050	39,880	47,520	55,050	39,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,550	24,630	22,920	66.3	69.4	63.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,480	53,650	40,840	47,480	53,650	40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,815	30,660	32,155	87.6	86.4	88.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,610	10,670	12,520	11,610	10,670	12,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,190	3,655	3,535	10.0	10.3	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,830	6,940	6,880	6,830	6,940
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,170	7,590	8,580	22.5	21.4	23.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,710	8,520	8,870	8,710	8,520	8,870
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	71,720	35,470	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,980	11,325	9,660	29.3	31.9	26.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	72,500	60,000	66,000	72,500	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,600	80,100	66,000	73,600	80,100	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,255	9,400	9,855	26.8	26.5	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	22,600	18,000	19,800	22,600	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,680	36,520	25,080	30,680	36,520	25,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	83.8	75.0	80.0	83.8	75.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.1	65.2	58.1	62.1	65.2	58.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.1	16.2	25.0	20.1	16.2	25.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.6	5.8	4.6	3.6	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.2	4.7	3.9	3.2	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	71,615	35,385	36,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,505	1,320	1,190	3.5	3.7	3.3
With total income	69,105	34,070	35,040	96.5	96.3	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,145	2,365	2,780	7.5	6.9	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,920	3,355	4,560	11.5	9.8	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	10,195	4,390	5,810	14.8	12.9	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	9,040	4,045	4,995	13.1	11.9	14.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,050	3,705	4,335	11.6	10.9	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,565	3,045	3,515	9.5	8.9	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,215	2,645	2,570	7.5	7.8	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,110	2,230	1,885	6.0	6.5	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,995	1,760	1,235	4.3	5.2	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,505	1,510	990	3.6	4.4	2.8
$100,000 and over	7,370	5,010	2,365	10.7	14.7	6.7
$100,000 to $149,999	5,435	3,575	1,860	7.9	10.5	5.3
$150,000 and over	1,930	1,435	500	2.8	4.2	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	71,615	35,385	36,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,480	1,305	1,175	3.5	3.7	3.3
With after-tax income	69,135	34,080	35,050	96.5	96.3	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,430	2,435	2,990	7.8	7.1	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,225	3,490	4,730	11.9	10.2	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	11,580	4,975	6,600	16.7	14.6	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	10,645	4,945	5,700	15.4	14.5	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	9,260	4,330	4,925	13.4	12.7	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,090	3,505	3,585	10.2	10.3	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	5,130	2,830	2,300	7.4	8.3	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,755	2,280	1,475	5.4	6.7	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,890	1,700	1,195	4.2	5.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,755	1,175	580	2.5	3.4	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,380	2,415	960	4.9	7.1	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	1,985	1,425	560	2.9	4.2	1.6
$125,000 and over	1,390	995	395	2.0	2.9	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	71,615	35,385	36,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,095	10,880	13,215	33.7	30.8	36.5
With employment income	47,510	24,500	23,010	66.3	69.3	63.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	7,095	3,620	3,485	14.9	14.8	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	3,635	1,610	2,030	7.7	6.5	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,510	2,550	2,960	11.6	10.4	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	4,350	2,070	2,280	9.1	8.5	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,120	1,940	2,180	8.7	7.9	9.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,970	1,700	2,265	8.4	7.0	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	3,695	1,740	1,960	7.8	7.1	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,115	1,545	1,570	6.6	6.3	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,555	1,430	1,120	5.4	5.9	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,060	1,260	795	4.3	5.2	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,945	1,150	790	4.1	4.7	3.4
$100,000 and over	5,470	3,885	1,580	11.5	15.9	6.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,865	1,885	980	6.0	7.7	4.3
$125,000 and over	2,600	2,000	595	5.5	8.2	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	71,615	35,385	36,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,290	33,615	34,670	95.4	95.0	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,400	36,000	40,800	46,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,310	33,620	34,690	95.4	95.0	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	41,600	32,800	36,800	41,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,675	30,385	30,290	84.7	85.9	83.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	43,600	31,800	36,800	43,600	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	48,260	24,750	23,510	67.4	69.9	64.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	43,600	33,200	37,600	43,600	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,980	29,015	30,965	83.8	82.0	85.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	3,560	7,450	6,080	3,560	7,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,325	3,320	3,010	8.8	9.4	8.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	6,000	5,720	5,880	6,000	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	71,720	35,470	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,495	33,815	34,680	95.5	95.3	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,040	57,050	43,160	50,040	57,050	43,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,505	33,815	34,690	95.5	95.3	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320	47,400	37,400	42,320	47,400	37,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,920	30,570	30,345	84.9	86.2	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	55,200	39,640	47,440	55,200	39,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,485	24,990	23,490	67.6	70.5	64.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,040	53,600	40,040	47,040	53,600	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,865	29,035	30,830	83.5	81.9	85.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,950	8,310	9,550	8,950	8,310	9,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,205	3,205	3,005	8.7	9.0	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,510	7,170	7,880	7,510	7,170	7,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	71,720	35,470	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	20,865	11,245	9,615	29.1	31.7	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	68,500	55,200	61,600	68,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,000	75,500	61,300	69,000	75,500	61,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,310	8,935	9,370	25.5	25.2	25.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	28,000	22,000	24,800	28,000	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,800	42,960	29,000	35,800	42,960	29,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4	87.4	80.4	84.4	87.4	80.4
Employment income (%)	66.6	69.4	62.8	66.6	69.4	62.8
Government transfers (%)	15.6	12.5	19.7	15.6	12.5	19.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,400	...	...	96,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...	81,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,300	...	...	51,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,080	...	...	44,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...	100,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	380	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	690	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	810	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,460	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,450	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,385	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,430	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,545	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,430	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,885	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,750	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,585	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,375	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,115	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,205	...	...	37.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,280	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,140	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,835	...	...	10.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,945	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	405	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	715	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	845	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,535	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,660	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,640	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,690	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,735	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,660	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,450	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,120	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,925	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,630	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,225	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,240	...	...	29.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,370	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,915	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,955	...	...	10.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	8,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,220	8,175	8,040	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,600	36,800	38,000	39,600	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,000	34,400	34,800	36,000	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,800	...	...	118,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,200	...	...	100,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,900	...	...	107,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,400	...	...	90,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,400	...	...	155,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,600	...	...	129,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,700	...	...	75,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	67,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,250	7,990	8,260	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,600	49,640	45,600	47,600	49,640	45,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,160	42,360	40,000	41,160	42,360	40,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	84,735	42,150	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,720	8,105	7,620	18.6	19.2	17.9
0 to 5 years	4,980	2,555	2,425	5.9	6.1	5.7
18 to 64 years	51,215	25,505	25,715	60.4	60.5	60.4
65 years and over	17,795	8,540	9,255	21.0	20.3	21.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,740	5,065	5,675	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,790	1,440	1,345	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,010	515	495	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,950	2,850	3,100	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,005	775	1,230	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.7	12.0	13.3	12.7	12.0	13.3
0 to 17 years (%)	17.7	17.8	17.7	17.7	17.8	17.7
0 to 5 years (%)	20.2	20.1	20.3	20.2	20.1	20.3
18 to 64 years (%)	11.6	11.2	12.1	11.6	11.2	12.1
65 years and over (%)	11.3	9.1	13.3	11.3	9.1	13.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	79,860	39,700	40,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,895	7,155	6,740	17.4	18.0	16.8
0 to 5 years	4,380	2,245	2,135	5.5	5.7	5.3
18 to 64 years	48,565	24,200	24,360	60.8	61.0	60.6
65 years and over	17,400	8,340	9,060	21.8	21.0	22.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,700	1,995	1,700	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	580	290	290	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	220	110	115	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,910	1,600	1,310	...	...	...
65 years and over	215	105	110	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.6	5.0	4.2	4.6	5.0	4.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.1	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	4.9	5.2	5.0	4.9	5.2
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	6.6	5.4	6.0	6.6	5.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	84,735	42,145	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	41,505	20,080	21,425	49.0	47.6	50.3
In bottom decile	9,930	4,915	5,015	11.7	11.7	11.8
In second decile	8,555	3,925	4,630	10.1	9.3	10.9
In third decile	7,980	3,840	4,135	9.4	9.1	9.7
In fourth decile	7,355	3,575	3,780	8.7	8.5	8.9
In fifth decile	7,685	3,820	3,865	9.1	9.1	9.1
In top half of the distribution	43,230	22,070	21,160	51.0	52.4	49.7
In sixth decile	8,225	4,095	4,125	9.7	9.7	9.7
In seventh decile	8,675	4,375	4,300	10.2	10.4	10.1
In eighth decile	8,990	4,585	4,400	10.6	10.9	10.3
In ninth decile	9,540	4,910	4,630	11.3	11.7	10.9
In top decile	7,805	4,100	3,705	9.2	9.7	8.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	84,735	...	...	84,735	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.324	...	...	0.324	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.446	...	...	0.446	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	85,255	42,380	42,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	76,375	38,390	37,985	89.6	90.6	88.6
French only	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	8,340	3,750	4,585	9.8	8.8	10.7
Neither English nor French	370	165	205	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	85,255	42,380	42,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	81,885	40,750	41,140	96.0	96.2	96.0
French	2,885	1,435	1,450	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	145	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	340	145	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	85,255	42,380	42,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	83,175	41,350	41,820	97.6	97.6	97.6
Official languages	73,685	36,820	36,860	86.4	86.9	86.0
English	70,650	35,320	35,335	82.9	83.3	82.4
French	3,030	1,500	1,530	3.6	3.5	3.6
Non-official languages	9,490	4,530	4,960	11.1	10.7	11.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,725	785	940	2.0	1.9	2.2
Algonquian languages	1,720	780	940	2.0	1.8	2.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	1,670	765	900	2.0	1.8	2.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	615	290	325	0.7	0.7	0.8
Ojibway languages	1,055	475	575	1.2	1.1	1.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,045	470	570	1.2	1.1	1.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,765	3,750	4,020	9.1	8.8	9.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	330	180	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	315	170	140	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	300	165	135	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	55	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	370	235	130	0.4	0.6	0.3
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	275	180	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,675	2,285	2,390	5.5	5.4	5.6
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,080	475	600	1.3	1.1	1.4
Baltic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,065	470	590	1.2	1.1	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	445	180	260	0.5	0.4	0.6
Russian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	240	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	195	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	180	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	520	250	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	345	160	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	335	155	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	930	540	390	1.1	1.3	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	770	455	320	0.9	1.1	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	175	125	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	90	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,065	985	1,085	2.4	2.3	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,515	720	795	1.8	1.7	1.9
Portuguese	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	250	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	500	250	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	460	225	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	320	170	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,425	600	820	1.7	1.4	1.9
Estonian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	1,345	570	775	1.6	1.3	1.8
Hungarian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,075	1,025	1,050	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	595	285	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,350	680	675	1.6	1.6	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	85,255	42,380	42,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	74,550	37,295	37,255	87.4	88.0	86.9
French	820	395	420	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	1,495	715	785	1.8	1.7	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	285	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	1,210	575	640	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	1,650	730	920	1.9	1.7	2.1
English and non-official language(s)	6,420	3,095	3,325	7.5	7.3	7.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	85,255	42,380	42,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	83,775	41,655	42,115	98.3	98.3	98.2
Official languages	80,450	40,010	40,440	94.4	94.4	94.3
English	79,395	39,515	39,880	93.1	93.2	93.0
French	1,055	495	560	1.2	1.2	1.3
Non-official languages	3,320	1,645	1,675	3.9	3.9	3.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	690	335	355	0.8	0.8	0.8
Algonquian languages	690	335	355	0.8	0.8	0.8
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	685	335	350	0.8	0.8	0.8
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	325	170	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ojibway languages	360	170	195	0.4	0.4	0.5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	360	170	195	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,630	1,310	1,325	3.1	3.1	3.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	235	150	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	175	115	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,420	685	735	1.7	1.6	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	265	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	260	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	545	315	235	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	450	265	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	95	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	560	230	330	0.7	0.5	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	385	150	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	280	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	250	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	280	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	275	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,475	720	755	1.7	1.7	1.8
English and French	300	130	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,155	585	570	1.4	1.4	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	85,255	42,380	42,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	78,170	39,040	39,130	91.7	92.1	91.3
English	1,730	830	900	2.0	2.0	2.1
French	1,160	525	640	1.4	1.2	1.5
Non-official language	3,635	1,690	1,945	4.3	4.0	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	1,040	440	605	1.2	1.0	1.4
Non-Indigenous	2,595	1,250	1,340	3.0	2.9	3.1
English and French	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	190	125	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	245	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	84,810	42,215	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	84,420	42,020	42,400	99.5	99.5	99.6
English	84,305	41,950	42,355	99.4	99.4	99.4
French	8,580	3,920	4,665	10.1	9.3	11.0
Non-official languages	13,505	6,545	6,960	15.9	15.5	16.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,845	1,265	1,580	3.4	3.0	3.7
Algonquian languages	2,835	1,265	1,570	3.3	3.0	3.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	2,750	1,235	1,510	3.2	2.9	3.5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	1,015	445	570	1.2	1.1	1.3
Ojibway languages	1,875	850	1,025	2.2	2.0	2.4
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	1,855	845	1,015	2.2	2.0	2.4
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,680	5,290	5,385	12.6	12.5	12.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	315	205	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	500	300	200	0.6	0.7	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	475	280	190	0.6	0.7	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	245	80	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	205	65	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	490	315	170	0.6	0.7	0.4
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	380	255	125	0.4	0.6	0.3
Tamil	120	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,870	3,440	3,435	8.1	8.1	8.1
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,215	600	615	1.4	1.4	1.4
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,200	600	605	1.4	1.4	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	455	220	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	145	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	360	185	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	290	165	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Serbian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	215	115	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	880	380	495	1.0	0.9	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	580	260	320	0.7	0.6	0.8
German	565	250	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	65	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	65	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	110	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,455	845	615	1.7	2.0	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,250	735	510	1.5	1.7	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	280	165	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hindi	790	495	290	0.9	1.2	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	305	205	100	0.4	0.5	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,335	1,635	1,695	3.9	3.9	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,285	1,120	1,160	2.7	2.7	2.7
Portuguese	350	180	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	775	365	415	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	140	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	680	315	365	0.8	0.7	0.9
Chinese languages	620	280	335	0.7	0.7	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	430	195	235	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,655	790	870	2.0	1.9	2.0
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	1,585	740	850	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hungarian	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,810	42,220	42,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	16,410	7,845	8,565	19.3	18.6	20.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	16,140	7,720	8,420	19.0	18.3	19.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	13,230	6,410	6,815	15.6	15.2	16.0
Métis	2,900	1,305	1,595	3.4	3.1	3.7
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	135	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	68,405	34,375	34,030	80.7	81.4	79.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	84,810	42,220	42,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	12,120	5,880	6,240	14.3	13.9	14.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	72,695	36,340	36,355	85.7	86.1	85.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,880	...	...	68.6	...	...
Renter	10,545	...	...	28.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,295	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,635	...	...	4.3	...	...
Not condominium	36,090	...	...	95.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	4,010	...	...	10.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,430	...	...	25.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,770	...	...	39.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,385	...	...	24.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,800	...	...	23.3	...	...
5 rooms	6,590	...	...	17.5	...	...
6 rooms	6,325	...	...	16.8	...	...
7 rooms	5,275	...	...	14.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,730	...	...	28.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,255	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	470	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,425	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	1,300	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,275	...	...	32.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,210	...	...	32.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,240	...	...	13.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,890	...	...	10.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,030	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,035	...	...	2.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,025	...	...	2.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,020	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,130	...	...	90.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,595	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	20,890	...	...	55.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,705	...	...	41.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,130	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,275	...	...	3.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,925	...	...	13.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,435	...	...	14.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,925	...	...	15.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,110	...	...	21.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,060	...	...	18.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,615	...	...	9.6	...	...
85 years and over	1,380	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,945	...	...	85.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,150	...	...	14.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,680	...	...	13.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,725	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,135	...	...	24.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,560	...	...	12.1	...	...
Not suitable only	915	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,760	...	...	7.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	515	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	310	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,595	...	...	75.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,990	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not in core need	32,635	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,725	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.9	...	...	48.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.7	...	...	4.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,111	...	...	1,111	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	290,000	...	...	290,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	307,600	...	...	307,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,510	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.7	...	...	22.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.0	...	...	28.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	970	...	...	970	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	979	...	...	979	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,300	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	378	...	...	378	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	84,810	42,215	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	10,195	4,945	5,250	12.0	11.7	12.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	10,165	4,925	5,240	12.0	11.7	12.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,675	4,725	4,955	11.4	11.2	11.6
Métis single ancestry	490	205	290	0.6	0.5	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,785	3,220	3,565	8.0	7.6	8.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,535	3,100	3,430	7.7	7.3	8.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,785	2,280	2,500	5.6	5.4	5.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,720	815	910	2.0	1.9	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	255	125	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	67,835	34,050	33,785	80.0	80.7	79.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	84,810	42,220	42,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	81,555	40,425	41,130	96.2	95.7	96.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,435	7,925	7,505	18.2	18.8	17.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	66,120	32,495	33,625	78.0	77.0	78.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,255	1,795	1,465	3.8	4.3	3.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	84,810	42,220	42,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	76,035	37,630	38,410	89.7	89.1	90.2
Immigrants⁸¹	7,095	3,550	3,545	8.4	8.4	8.3
Before 1980	3,775	1,935	1,840	4.5	4.6	4.3
1980 to 1990	665	325	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
1991 to 2000	510	275	235	0.6	0.7	0.6
2001 to 2010	810	390	420	1.0	0.9	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,340	635	705	1.6	1.5	1.7
2011 to 2015	520	235	285	0.6	0.6	0.7
2016 to 2021	825	405	420	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,680	1,040	640	2.0	2.5	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,095	3,550	3,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,015	570	440	14.3	16.1	12.4
5 to 14 years	1,470	785	680	20.7	22.1	19.2
15 to 24 years	1,830	925	900	25.8	26.1	25.4
25 to 44 years	2,520	1,160	1,360	35.5	32.7	38.4
45 years and over	270	110	160	3.8	3.1	4.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,095	3,550	3,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	920	380	540	13.0	10.7	15.2
Brazil	30	10	25	0.4	0.3	0.7
Colombia	45	35	10	0.6	1.0	0.3
El Salvador	20	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Guyana	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	25	15	0.6	0.7	0.4
Mexico	25	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.4
Peru	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	15	0.3	0.3	0.4
United States of America	495	175	320	7.0	4.9	9.0
Other places of birth in Americas	185	80	100	2.6	2.3	2.8
Europe	4,150	2,145	2,000	58.5	60.4	56.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.8
Croatia	150	90	60	2.1	2.5	1.7
France	55	10	45	0.8	0.3	1.3
Germany	350	190	155	4.9	5.4	4.4
Greece	35	25	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Hungary	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	1,150	605	545	16.2	17.0	15.4
Netherlands	90	45	45	1.3	1.3	1.3
Poland	240	125	115	3.4	3.5	3.2
Portugal	210	125	85	3.0	3.5	2.4
Romania	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	30	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	660	370	290	9.3	10.4	8.2
Other places of birth in Europe	1,030	495	535	14.5	13.9	15.1
Africa	355	215	140	5.0	6.1	3.9
Algeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Egypt	50	30	15	0.7	0.8	0.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Somalia	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	25	30	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	190	105	90	2.7	3.0	2.5
Asia	1,610	765	845	22.7	21.5	23.8
Afghanistan	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	85	45	40	1.2	1.3	1.1
Iraq	25	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.6
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	100	55	40	1.4	1.5	1.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	225	95	130	3.2	2.7	3.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	185	60	130	2.6	1.7	3.7
Viet Nam	90	30	60	1.3	0.8	1.7
Bangladesh	55	30	25	0.8	0.8	0.7
India	380	220	155	5.4	6.2	4.4
Pakistan	105	40	65	1.5	1.1	1.8
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	240	115	130	3.4	3.2	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	60	45	20	0.8	1.3	0.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	825	400	420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	80	35	50	9.7	8.8	11.9
Brazil	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	2.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	25	0	15	3.0	0.0	3.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	20	4.2	5.0	4.8
Europe	95	45	50	11.5	11.3	11.9
France	20	0	20	2.4	0.0	4.8
Germany	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	10	1.8	2.5	2.4
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	30	20	10	3.6	5.0	2.4
Africa	75	35	40	9.1	8.8	9.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	10	3.6	5.0	2.4
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	10	10	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	565	280	280	68.5	70.0	66.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	10	10	2.4	2.5	2.4
China⁹⁰	40	15	25	4.8	3.8	6.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	235	130	105	28.5	32.5	25.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	1.8	0.0	2.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	15	3.6	3.8	3.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	65	30	35	7.9	7.5	8.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	95	55	35	11.5	13.8	8.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	1.2	0.0	2.4
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	10	2.4	2.5	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	84,810	42,220	42,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	9,210	4,850	4,360	10.9	11.5	10.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	13,410	6,570	6,845	15.8	15.6	16.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	62,185	30,800	31,385	73.3	73.0	73.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,325	1,620	1,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,560	815	740	46.9	50.3	43.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	700	445	255	21.1	27.5	15.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	860	370	485	25.9	22.8	28.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,165	460	700	35.0	28.4	41.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	585	340	245	17.6	21.0	14.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,325	1,620	1,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	90	30	3.5	5.6	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	390	160	235	11.7	9.9	13.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	180	50	120	5.4	3.1	7.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	250	150	105	7.5	9.3	6.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	35	40	2.3	2.2	2.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,310	1,130	1,180	69.5	69.8	69.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	84,810	42,215	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,265	2,875	2,385	6.2	6.8	5.6
South Asian	1,865	1,145	725	2.2	2.7	1.7
Chinese	775	395	385	0.9	0.9	0.9
Black	785	420	365	0.9	1.0	0.9
Filipino	215	60	150	0.3	0.1	0.4
Arab	410	250	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Latin American	275	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	260	105	160	0.3	0.2	0.4
West Asian	160	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	155	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	140	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	79,550	39,340	40,210	93.8	93.2	94.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	84,810	42,215	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,040	4,590	4,445	10.7	10.9	10.4
English	17,635	8,640	8,990	20.8	20.5	21.1
Irish	14,020	6,540	7,485	16.5	15.5	17.6
Scottish	14,545	6,975	7,570	17.2	16.5	17.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,475	6,090	6,380	14.7	14.4	15.0
German	7,270	3,610	3,670	8.6	8.6	8.6
Chinese	805	410	395	0.9	1.0	0.9
Italian	9,905	5,025	4,885	11.7	11.9	11.5
Indian (India)	1,195	770	430	1.4	1.8	1.0
Ukrainian	7,430	3,570	3,865	8.8	8.5	9.1
Dutch	2,255	1,010	1,245	2.7	2.4	2.9
Polish	4,135	1,925	2,210	4.9	4.6	5.2
Québécois	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,155	1,045	1,105	2.5	2.5	2.6
Filipino	245	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
French Canadian	1,505	685	820	1.8	1.6	1.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,090	560	530	1.3	1.3	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,845	2,785	3,070	6.9	6.6	7.2
Métis	2,475	1,145	1,330	2.9	2.7	3.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,040	535	500	1.2	1.3	1.2
Russian	885	440	440	1.0	1.0	1.0
Norwegian	1,950	1,035	915	2.3	2.5	2.1
Welsh	1,370	685	685	1.6	1.6	1.6
Portuguese	790	465	325	0.9	1.1	0.8
American	735	320	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
Spanish	350	165	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swedish	3,170	1,385	1,785	3.7	3.3	4.2
Hungarian	620	310	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Acadian	165	65	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	170	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	285	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	165	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	140	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	460	220	240	0.5	0.5	0.6
Jamaican	205	115	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	125	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	750	325	425	0.9	0.8	1.0
Korean	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	345	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	775	395	375	0.9	0.9	0.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,565	815	750	1.8	1.9	1.8
Sikh	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austrian	625	335	290	0.7	0.8	0.7
Belgian	310	140	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Haitian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	125	65	65	0.1	0.2	0.2
Swiss	355	165	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	9,350	4,555	4,790	11.0	10.8	11.2
Sri Lankan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	855	440	415	1.0	1.0	1.0
Japanese	180	115	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	90	75	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	405	170	235	0.5	0.4	0.6
Muslim	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	535	285	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Colombian	65	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	5,405	2,675	2,725	6.4	6.3	6.4
Newfoundlander	215	80	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	360	160	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Persian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	55	45	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	975	440	535	1.1	1.0	1.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	235	90	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	125	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	270	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	125	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	105	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	195	115	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	85	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	395	200	195	0.5	0.5	0.5
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	630	285	345	0.7	0.7	0.8
Vincentian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	84,810	42,215	42,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	47,805	22,440	25,365	56.4	53.2	59.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,940	1,985	1,960	4.6	4.7	4.6
Anabaptist	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,650	2,155	2,490	5.5	5.1	5.8
Baptist	815	390	425	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catholic	26,230	12,480	13,750	30.9	29.6	32.3
Christian Orthodox	475	215	260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	240	95	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lutheran	3,770	1,710	2,055	4.4	4.1	4.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	750	345	400	0.9	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	965	450	510	1.1	1.1	1.2
Reformed	135	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	3,960	1,640	2,320	4.7	3.9	5.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,635	760	885	1.9	1.8	2.1
Hindu	775	495	275	0.9	1.2	0.6
Jewish	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	900	525	380	1.1	1.2	0.9
Sikh	205	120	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,110	525	585	1.3	1.2	1.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	730	330	400	0.9	0.8	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	33,055	17,675	15,375	39.0	41.9	36.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	84,125	41,895	42,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,035	37,345	37,690	89.2	89.1	89.2
Movers	9,095	4,550	4,545	10.8	10.9	10.8
Non-migrants	6,245	3,140	3,100	7.4	7.5	7.3
Migrants	2,850	1,405	1,445	3.4	3.4	3.4
Internal migrants	2,510	1,235	1,275	3.0	2.9	3.0
Intraprovincial migrants	2,020	985	1,035	2.4	2.4	2.5
Interprovincial migrants	490	250	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
External migrants	345	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	80,755	40,095	40,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,085	26,425	26,655	65.7	65.9	65.6
Movers	27,670	13,670	14,000	34.3	34.1	34.4
Non-migrants	14,395	6,855	7,540	17.8	17.1	18.5
Migrants	13,275	6,815	6,465	16.4	17.0	15.9
Internal migrants	11,130	5,580	5,555	13.8	13.9	13.7
Intraprovincial migrants	9,510	4,715	4,790	11.8	11.8	11.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,625	860	765	2.0	2.1	1.9
External migrants	2,140	1,230	910	2.6	3.1	2.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,725	35,470	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,775	8,370	7,410	22.0	23.6	20.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,945	27,100	28,840	78.0	76.4	79.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,060	21,680	22,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,385	3,580	2,810	14.5	16.5	12.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	37,675	18,100	19,575	85.5	83.5	87.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,720	35,475	36,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,775	7,000	6,775	19.2	19.7	18.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,160	9,660	9,495	26.7	27.2	26.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,790	18,805	19,985	54.1	53.0	55.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,130	12,030	11,095	32.3	33.9	30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,255	4,255	1,005	7.3	12.0	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,280	1,640	645	3.2	4.6	1.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,975	2,610	360	4.1	7.4	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,470	7,125	9,340	23.0	20.1	25.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,405	655	750	2.0	1.8	2.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,665	6,775	8,885	21.8	19.1	24.5
Bachelor's degree	10,515	4,340	6,170	14.7	12.2	17.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,075	495	580	1.5	1.4	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	505	325	180	0.7	0.9	0.5
Master's degree	2,960	1,280	1,675	4.1	3.6	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	610	340	275	0.9	1.0	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	44,065	21,680	22,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,480	3,015	2,465	12.4	13.9	11.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,155	5,905	5,250	25.3	27.2	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,435	12,760	14,675	62.3	58.9	65.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,615	7,850	7,765	35.4	36.2	34.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,030	2,410	620	6.9	11.1	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,375	960	420	3.1	4.4	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,655	1,455	200	3.8	6.7	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,810	5,085	6,730	26.8	23.5	30.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	780	365	420	1.8	1.7	1.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,820	4,915	6,905	26.8	22.7	30.8
Bachelor's degree	7,810	3,175	4,635	17.7	14.6	20.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	750	295	460	1.7	1.4	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	400	230	170	0.9	1.1	0.8
Master's degree	2,385	965	1,420	5.4	4.5	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	470	250	225	1.1	1.2	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	71,720	35,470	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	32,935	16,665	16,270	45.9	47.0	44.9
Education	2,845	750	2,100	4.0	2.1	5.8
13. Education	2,845	750	2,100	4.0	2.1	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	830	435	395	1.2	1.2	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	80	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	730	360	370	1.0	1.0	1.0
Humanities	1,570	580	995	2.2	1.6	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	495	135	355	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	490	175	320	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	240	140	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,110	1,155	2,950	5.7	3.3	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	100	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,120	110	1,010	1.6	0.3	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	450	205	245	0.6	0.6	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	35	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	940	215	730	1.3	0.6	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,085	490	595	1.5	1.4	1.6
Business, management and public administration	6,770	2,365	4,410	9.4	6.7	12.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,460	260	1,205	2.0	0.7	3.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,305	2,110	3,200	7.4	5.9	8.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,655	920	730	2.3	2.6	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	645	310	340	0.9	0.9	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	345	180	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	555	395	165	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	995	565	430	1.4	1.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	745	470	280	1.0	1.3	0.8
25. Library science	135	15	120	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	65	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,685	8,155	530	12.1	23.0	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	150	120	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,435	1,195	240	2.0	3.4	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,090	1,955	130	2.9	5.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,635	1,610	30	2.3	4.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,180	2,150	30	3.0	6.1	0.1
48. Precision production	1,200	1,130	70	1.7	3.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,215	780	440	1.7	2.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	250	90	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	960	685	280	1.3	1.9	0.8
Health and related fields	7,565	1,570	6,000	10.5	4.4	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	685	315	370	1.0	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,625	1,120	5,505	9.2	3.2	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	205	120	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,525	1,530	1,000	3.5	4.3	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,075	285	790	1.5	0.8	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	665	500	165	0.9	1.4	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	780	740	45	1.1	2.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	44,065	21,680	22,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,630	8,920	7,710	37.7	41.1	34.5
Education	1,945	465	1,475	4.4	2.1	6.6
13. Education	1,945	465	1,475	4.4	2.1	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	615	315	300	1.4	1.5	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	565	275	290	1.3	1.3	1.3
Humanities	1,050	380	665	2.4	1.8	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	320	90	225	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	135	200	0.7	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
54. History	175	100	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,160	830	2,335	7.2	3.8	10.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	90	130	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	890	85	805	2.0	0.4	3.6
22. Legal professions and studies	370	160	210	0.8	0.7	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	25	100	0.3	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	740	140	605	1.7	0.6	2.7
45. Social sciences	755	330	430	1.7	1.5	1.9
Business, management and public administration	4,935	1,670	3,270	11.2	7.7	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,120	165	955	2.5	0.8	4.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,815	1,500	2,310	8.7	6.9	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,250	640	610	2.8	3.0	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	515	230	285	1.2	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	135	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	380	245	135	0.9	1.1	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	685	420	265	1.6	1.9	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	560	370	190	1.3	1.7	0.8
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,670	5,220	445	12.9	24.1	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	125	90	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	1,080	885	195	2.5	4.1	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,395	1,290	110	3.2	6.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	950	920	30	2.2	4.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,360	1,330	30	3.1	6.1	0.1
48. Precision production	750	705	50	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	855	520	340	1.9	2.4	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	170	70	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	685	450	235	1.6	2.1	1.1
Health and related fields	5,450	1,225	4,220	12.4	5.7	18.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	530	245	280	1.2	1.1	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,680	860	3,820	10.6	4.0	17.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	105	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,810	1,070	740	4.1	4.9	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	750	175	575	1.7	0.8	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	490	360	135	1.1	1.7	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	575	540	35	1.3	2.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	44,065	21,680	22,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,630	8,920	7,710	37.7	41.1	34.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,435	12,765	14,670	62.3	58.9	65.5
Location of study inside Canada	25,395	11,710	13,680	57.6	54.0	61.1
Same as province or territory of residence	23,540	10,890	12,650	53.4	50.2	56.5
Different than province or territory of residence	1,855	820	1,030	4.2	3.8	4.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,040	1,055	990	4.6	4.9	4.4
Americas	475	220	255	1.1	1.0	1.1
United States of America	370	165	205	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	355	180	175	0.8	0.8	0.8
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	65	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,060	575	490	2.4	2.7	2.2
Iran⁸⁸	110	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	115	25	95	0.3	0.1	0.4
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	540	355	175	1.2	1.6	0.8
Pakistan	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	65	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oceania	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	71,720	35,470	36,250	...	...	...
In the labour force	41,025	21,280	19,740	...	...	...
Employed	36,615	18,990	17,625	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,410	2,290	2,120	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,695	14,185	16,505	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.2	60.0	54.5	57.2	60.0	54.5
Employment rate	51.1	53.5	48.6	51.1	53.5	48.6
Unemployment rate	10.7	10.8	10.7	10.7	10.8	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	71,720	35,470	36,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	29,975	13,845	16,135	41.8	39.0	44.5
Worked	41,750	21,625	20,120	58.2	61.0	55.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	21,475	11,635	9,840	29.9	32.8	27.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,270	10,000	10,275	28.3	28.2	28.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	40.8	40.6	40.7	40.8	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	41,030	21,285	19,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	865	480	380	2.1	2.3	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	40,165	20,800	19,360	97.9	97.7	98.1
Employee	36,515	18,550	17,965	89.0	87.2	91.0
Permanent position	29,565	15,020	14,545	72.1	70.6	73.7
Temporary position	6,950	3,530	3,420	16.9	16.6	17.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,145	960	1,185	5.2	4.5	6.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,805	2,570	2,235	11.7	12.1	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,645	2,255	1,395	8.9	10.6	7.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	41,030	21,285	19,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	865	480	380	2.1	2.3	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	40,165	20,800	19,360	97.9	97.7	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	360	220	145	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	5,480	1,515	3,965	13.4	7.1	20.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,425	1,890	530	5.9	8.9	2.7
3 Health occupations	4,530	1,085	3,450	11.0	5.1	17.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,725	2,240	4,485	16.4	10.5	22.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	765	320	440	1.9	1.5	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	9,940	4,435	5,500	24.2	20.8	27.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,490	6,945	540	18.3	32.6	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,365	1,195	175	3.3	5.6	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,090	960	125	2.7	4.5	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	41,030	21,285	19,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	865	480	380	2.1	2.3	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	40,165	20,800	19,360	97.9	97.7	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	840	605	240	2.0	2.8	1.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,435	1,255	180	3.5	5.9	0.9
22 Utilities	570	475	90	1.4	2.2	0.5
23 Construction	2,845	2,565	280	6.9	12.1	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,540	1,195	345	3.8	5.6	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	650	525	120	1.6	2.5	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	4,940	2,400	2,540	12.0	11.3	12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,210	1,785	425	5.4	8.4	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	595	365	230	1.5	1.7	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	785	285	500	1.9	1.3	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	420	270	150	1.0	1.3	0.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,030	1,210	820	4.9	5.7	4.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	30	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,255	815	440	3.1	3.8	2.2
61 Educational services	4,240	1,425	2,810	10.3	6.7	14.2
62 Health care and social assistance	7,930	1,730	6,200	19.3	8.1	31.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	600	290	310	1.5	1.4	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,510	1,120	1,385	6.1	5.3	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,575	855	720	3.8	4.0	3.6
91 Public administration	3,165	1,615	1,555	7.7	7.6	7.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	44,775	23,215	21,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	42,595	22,295	20,300	95.1	96.0	94.2
French	335	100	235	0.7	0.4	1.1
Non-official language	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	935	415	520	2.1	1.8	2.4
English and non-official language(s)	805	350	450	1.8	1.5	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	44,775	23,215	21,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	44,530	23,085	21,450	99.5	99.4	99.5
Official languages	44,300	22,965	21,335	98.9	98.9	99.0
English	43,825	22,815	21,010	97.9	98.3	97.4
French	475	150	325	1.1	0.6	1.5
Non-official languages	230	115	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	175	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	175	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	85	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway languages	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	245	135	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	125	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	120	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	44,775	23,215	21,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,245	22,555	20,690	96.6	97.2	96.0
English	280	125	160	0.6	0.5	0.7
French	670	295	375	1.5	1.3	1.7
Non-official language	530	230	305	1.2	1.0	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	340	145	195	0.8	0.6	0.9
Non-Indigenous	195	85	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,615	18,990	17,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,840	2,380	3,460	15.9	12.5	19.6
Worked outside Canada	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,340	3,335	1,005	11.9	17.6	5.7
Usual place of work	26,390	13,250	13,145	72.1	69.8	74.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	26,390	13,250	13,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,890	10,520	11,365	82.9	79.4	86.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,825	2,185	1,645	14.5	16.5	12.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	575	475	105	2.2	3.6	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	95	70	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,735	16,585	14,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	27,015	14,685	12,335	87.9	88.5	87.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,920	13,660	11,265	81.1	82.4	79.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,095	1,025	1,070	6.8	6.2	7.6
Public transit	900	530	365	2.9	3.2	2.6
Walked	1,975	900	1,075	6.4	5.4	7.6
Bicycle	235	140	90	0.8	0.8	0.6
Other method	610	330	275	2.0	2.0	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,735	16,585	14,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,820	7,530	8,290	51.5	45.4	58.6
15 to 29 minutes	9,985	5,710	4,275	32.5	34.4	30.2
30 to 44 minutes	2,755	1,725	1,030	9.0	10.4	7.3
45 to 59 minutes	810	540	265	2.6	3.3	1.9
60 minutes and over	1,360	1,080	280	4.4	6.5	2.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,735	16,585	14,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,620	1,275	340	5.3	7.7	2.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,915	2,420	1,490	12.7	14.6	10.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,950	4,515	3,435	25.9	27.2	24.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,750	3,825	4,925	28.5	23.1	34.8
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,795	1,745	2,050	12.3	10.5	14.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,705	2,800	1,900	15.3	16.9	13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,035	8,285	7,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,880	950	930	11.7	11.5	12.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,155	7,335	6,820	88.3	88.5	87.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,680	6,045	5,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,420	710	710	12.2	11.7	12.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	940	450	490	8.0	7.4	8.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	485	255	225	4.2	4.2	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,260	5,335	4,925	87.8	88.3	87.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed December 13, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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