Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Timmins, City (CY)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	41,145	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	41,788	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 1.5	...	...	- 1.5	...	...
Total private dwellings²	19,390	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,886	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	2,955.33	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	41,145	20,555	20,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,655	3,385	3,265	16.2	16.5	15.9
0 to 4 years	1,950	970	980	4.7	4.7	4.8
5 to 9 years	2,285	1,195	1,095	5.6	5.8	5.3
10 to 14 years	2,420	1,230	1,195	5.9	6.0	5.8
15 to 64 years	27,040	13,685	13,360	65.7	66.6	64.9
15 to 19 years	2,270	1,190	1,080	5.5	5.8	5.2
20 to 24 years	2,580	1,400	1,180	6.3	6.8	5.7
25 to 29 years	2,715	1,405	1,315	6.6	6.8	6.4
30 to 34 years	2,810	1,420	1,390	6.8	6.9	6.8
35 to 39 years	2,545	1,260	1,285	6.2	6.1	6.2
40 to 44 years	2,505	1,210	1,295	6.1	5.9	6.3
45 to 49 years	2,580	1,285	1,290	6.3	6.3	6.3
50 to 54 years	2,685	1,335	1,345	6.5	6.5	6.5
55 to 59 years	3,220	1,595	1,625	7.8	7.8	7.9
60 to 64 years	3,135	1,590	1,545	7.6	7.7	7.5
65 years and over	7,445	3,480	3,965	18.1	16.9	19.3
65 to 69 years	2,525	1,270	1,255	6.1	6.2	6.1
70 to 74 years	1,905	960	940	4.6	4.7	4.6
75 to 79 years	1,300	590	710	3.2	2.9	3.4
80 to 84 years	910	370	540	2.2	1.8	2.6
85 years and over	800	285	520	1.9	1.4	2.5
85 to 89 years	520	215	310	1.3	1.0	1.5
90 to 94 years	220	60	165	0.5	0.3	0.8
95 to 99 years	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.2	16.5	15.9	16.2	16.5	15.9
15 to 64 years	65.7	66.6	64.9	65.7	66.6	64.9
65 years and over	18.1	16.9	19.3	18.1	16.9	19.3
85 years and over	1.9	1.4	2.5	1.9	1.4	2.5
Average age of the population	41.8	40.9	42.6	41.8	40.9	42.6
Median age of the population	42.0	40.8	43.2	42.0	40.8	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	11,650	...	...	65.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,185	...	...	6.6	...	...
Row house	605	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,100	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,480	...	...	13.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	515	...	...	2.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	265	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	5,705	...	...	31.9	...	...
2 persons	6,410	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 persons	2,625	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	2,200	...	...	12.3	...	...
5 or more persons	950	...	...	5.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	40,310	20,200	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	34,490	17,165	17,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	19,310	9,605	9,705	56.0	56.0	56.0
Married	14,255	7,100	7,150	41.3	41.4	41.3
Living common-law	5,060	2,510	2,550	14.7	14.6	14.7
Living common law - Never married	3,650	1,845	1,800	10.6	10.7	10.4
Living common law - Separated	350	165	185	1.0	1.0	1.1
Living common law - Divorced	915	435	480	2.7	2.5	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	150	60	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	15,175	7,555	7,620	44.0	44.0	44.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,595	5,520	4,070	27.8	32.2	23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,275	570	700	3.7	3.3	4.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,035	930	1,110	5.9	5.4	6.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,275	530	1,740	6.6	3.1	10.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,505	...	...	55.8	...	...
3 persons	2,450	...	...	21.0	...	...
4 persons	2,000	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	700	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,485	...	...	81.4	...	...
Married couples	6,955	...	...	59.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,130	...	...	26.9	...	...
Without children	3,825	...	...	32.8	...	...
Common-law couples	2,530	...	...	21.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,150	...	...	9.9	...	...
Without children	1,380	...	...	11.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,170	...	...	18.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,595	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	575	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	40,310	20,200	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	32,075	15,890	16,190	79.6	78.7	80.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	18,975	9,450	9,530	47.1	46.8	47.4
Parents in one-parent families	2,170	575	1,595	5.4	2.8	7.9
Children⁶	10,940	5,870	5,070	27.1	29.1	25.2
In a two-parent family	7,595	4,005	3,595	18.8	19.8	17.9
In a one-parent family	3,340	1,865	1,480	8.3	9.2	7.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	8,230	4,315	3,915	20.4	21.4	19.5
Living alone	5,705	2,950	2,755	14.2	14.6	13.7
Living with other relatives⁷	830	370	465	2.1	1.8	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	1,690	990	700	4.2	4.9	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,640	...	...	59.5	...	...
Couple-family households	8,885	...	...	49.7	...	...
With children⁶	4,020	...	...	22.5	...	...
Without children	4,865	...	...	27.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,755	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	300	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	50	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	495	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	700	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	5,705	...	...	31.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	33,660	16,815	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,635	16,280	16,355	97.0	96.8	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	52,000	37,600	43,600	52,000	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,650	16,285	16,365	97.0	96.8	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,600	34,400	39,200	45,600	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,370	14,520	13,850	84.3	86.4	82.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,400	31,600	39,600	50,400	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,640	12,530	11,110	70.2	74.5	66.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	54,000	34,800	42,800	54,000	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	29,230	14,210	15,025	86.8	84.5	89.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	7,850	10,700	9,300	7,850	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,275	1,440	1,835	9.7	8.6	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,000	5,480	5,720	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,965	3,705	4,260	23.7	22.0	25.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	33,660	16,820	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,700	16,330	16,370	97.1	97.1	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,100	63,950	46,280	55,100	63,950	46,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,710	16,335	16,375	97.2	97.1	97.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,640	51,550	39,760	45,640	51,550	39,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,450	14,560	13,880	84.5	86.6	82.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,850	61,950	41,280	51,850	61,950	41,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,640	12,570	11,070	70.2	74.7	65.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,400	62,500	43,000	53,400	62,500	43,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	29,220	14,145	15,070	86.8	84.1	89.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,200	10,070	12,250	11,200	10,070	12,250
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,230	1,365	1,865	9.6	8.1	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,360	7,620	7,170	7,360	7,620	7,170
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,810	3,700	4,115	23.2	22.0	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,480	8,120	8,810	8,480	8,120	8,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	33,660	16,815	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,470	6,475	5,000	34.1	38.5	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	78,500	57,600	68,000	78,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,300	86,800	67,300	78,300	86,800	67,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,600	4,185	4,415	25.5	24.9	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	27,200	16,600	20,400	27,200	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,640	44,400	25,380	34,640	44,400	25,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.8	86.4	75.6	81.8	86.4	75.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.0	75.2	62.8	70.0	75.2	62.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.2	13.6	24.4	18.2	13.6	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.8	1.3	1.0	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.2	5.9	4.4	3.2	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.9	4.8	3.7	2.9	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	33,655	16,820	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,025	540	480	3.0	3.2	2.9
With total income	32,635	16,275	16,360	97.0	96.8	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,435	1,025	1,410	7.5	6.3	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,945	1,600	2,345	12.1	9.8	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,805	2,065	2,740	14.7	12.7	16.7
$30,000 to $39,999	3,830	1,690	2,145	11.7	10.4	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	3,445	1,510	1,935	10.6	9.3	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,940	1,355	1,585	9.0	8.3	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,410	1,155	1,260	7.4	7.1	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,810	1,035	780	5.5	6.4	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,360	790	565	4.2	4.9	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,230	765	460	3.8	4.7	2.8
$100,000 and over	4,430	3,295	1,130	13.6	20.2	6.9
$100,000 to $149,999	3,485	2,535	950	10.7	15.6	5.8
$150,000 and over	940	760	180	2.9	4.7	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	33,655	16,820	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,010	530	480	3.0	3.2	2.9
With after-tax income	32,650	16,285	16,360	97.0	96.8	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,560	1,075	1,480	7.8	6.6	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	4,090	1,680	2,410	12.5	10.3	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,430	2,315	3,110	16.6	14.2	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,565	2,060	2,505	14.0	12.6	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,030	1,830	2,200	12.3	11.2	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	3,250	1,615	1,635	10.0	9.9	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	2,345	1,275	1,065	7.2	7.8	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,860	1,155	705	5.7	7.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,675	1,065	610	5.1	6.5	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	1,115	865	250	3.4	5.3	1.5
$100,000 and over	1,735	1,345	390	5.3	8.3	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,180	925	260	3.6	5.7	1.6
$125,000 and over	550	420	135	1.7	2.6	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	33,655	16,820	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	10,020	4,290	5,725	29.8	25.5	34.0
With employment income	23,640	12,525	11,115	70.2	74.5	66.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,220	1,635	1,585	13.6	13.1	14.3
$5,000 to $9,999	1,535	635	900	6.5	5.1	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	2,515	1,030	1,485	10.6	8.2	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,985	915	1,065	8.4	7.3	9.6
$30,000 to $39,999	1,975	845	1,135	8.4	6.7	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	1,985	870	1,110	8.4	6.9	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,825	860	970	7.7	6.9	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	1,620	860	760	6.9	6.9	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,260	755	500	5.3	6.0	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,025	640	385	4.3	5.1	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	995	630	370	4.2	5.0	3.3
$100,000 and over	3,695	2,855	845	15.6	22.8	7.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,035	1,450	585	8.6	11.6	5.3
$125,000 and over	1,665	1,400	265	7.0	11.2	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	33,660	16,815	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,170	16,035	16,135	95.6	95.4	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	51,600	34,800	41,600	51,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,175	16,035	16,140	95.6	95.4	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	44,800	32,000	37,200	44,800	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,240	14,425	13,815	83.9	85.8	82.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	52,000	32,400	40,000	52,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,980	12,730	11,260	71.2	75.7	66.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	54,400	34,800	42,000	54,400	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,770	13,450	14,325	82.5	80.0	85.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,920	1,940	6,850	4,920	1,940	6,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,990	1,275	1,720	8.9	7.6	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,720	6,200	5,400	5,720	6,200	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	33,660	16,820	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,200	16,070	16,135	95.7	95.5	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,900	62,750	43,040	52,900	62,750	43,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,210	16,070	16,140	95.7	95.5	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,720	50,360	37,120	43,720	50,360	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,320	14,485	13,840	84.1	86.1	82.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,850	62,500	40,640	51,850	62,500	40,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,940	12,750	11,190	71.1	75.8	66.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,400	61,900	41,560	52,400	61,900	41,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,750	13,355	14,385	82.4	79.4	85.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,480	7,720	9,180	8,480	7,720	9,180
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,985	1,315	1,670	8.9	7.8	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,440	7,660	7,260	7,440	7,660	7,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	33,660	16,815	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,405	6,420	4,980	33.9	38.2	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	76,500	52,800	64,500	76,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700	83,500	61,100	73,700	83,500	61,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,135	3,995	4,140	24.2	23.8	24.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	34,000	22,400	26,800	34,000	22,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,200	49,320	29,480	39,200	49,320	29,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	89.8	81.0	86.2	89.8	81.0
Employment income (%)	73.6	78.2	67.0	73.6	78.2	67.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	10.2	19.0	13.8	10.2	19.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.3	1.0	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	5,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,500	...	...	83,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	5,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,760	...	...	49,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,520	...	...	42,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,600	...	...	124,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	440	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	830	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	755	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	575	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	715	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	675	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	680	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,260	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,185	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,140	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	965	...	...	5.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	900	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,245	...	...	40.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,965	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,610	...	...	9.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	2,095	...	...	11.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,570	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	105	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	310	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	450	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	900	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	820	...	...	4.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	665	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	825	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	795	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	765	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,480	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,410	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,305	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,195	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,025	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,690	...	...	31.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,150	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,530	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,015	...	...	11.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	7,395	3,940	3,460	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,800	33,200	36,800	40,800	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,800	31,000	34,000	36,800	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,675	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,800	...	...	124,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	114,700	...	...	114,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...	92,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,250	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	160,800	...	...	160,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,800	...	...	77,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,700	...	...	68,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	7,355	3,890	3,465	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,040	51,250	42,320	47,040	51,250	42,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	43,120	37,360	40,400	43,120	37,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	40,310	20,200	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,020	4,115	3,905	19.9	20.4	19.4
0 to 5 years	2,365	1,185	1,180	5.9	5.9	5.9
18 to 64 years	25,485	12,830	12,660	63.2	63.5	63.0
65 years and over	6,805	3,260	3,550	16.9	16.1	17.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,715	2,160	2,560	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,040	525	515	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	355	160	190	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,610	1,235	1,375	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,070	390	675	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	10.7	12.7	11.7	10.7	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.8	13.1	12.9	12.8	13.1
0 to 5 years (%)	14.9	13.8	16.0	14.9	13.8	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	9.7	10.9	10.3	9.7	10.9
65 years and over (%)	15.7	12.1	19.0	15.7	12.1	19.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	40,310	20,200	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,020	4,115	3,900	19.9	20.4	19.4
0 to 5 years	2,365	1,180	1,180	5.9	5.8	5.9
18 to 64 years	25,485	12,825	12,655	63.2	63.5	62.9
65 years and over	6,805	3,255	3,545	16.9	16.1	17.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,535	825	710	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	230	130	100	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	60	30	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,210	670	545	...	...	...
65 years and over	85	25	55	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.1	3.5	3.8	4.1	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	3.2	2.6	2.9	3.2	2.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.6	2.8	2.6	2.6	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.2	4.3	4.8	5.2	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.3	0.9	1.7	1.3	0.9	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	40,310	20,200	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	19,035	9,205	9,830	47.2	45.6	48.9
In bottom decile	4,290	2,055	2,235	10.6	10.2	11.1
In second decile	4,035	1,885	2,150	10.0	9.3	10.7
In third decile	3,630	1,760	1,865	9.0	8.7	9.3
In fourth decile	3,735	1,820	1,910	9.3	9.0	9.5
In fifth decile	3,345	1,675	1,670	8.3	8.3	8.3
In top half of the distribution	21,275	11,000	10,280	52.8	54.5	51.1
In sixth decile	3,810	1,910	1,895	9.5	9.5	9.4
In seventh decile	4,050	2,070	1,980	10.0	10.2	9.8
In eighth decile	4,435	2,285	2,150	11.0	11.3	10.7
In ninth decile	4,940	2,600	2,340	12.3	12.9	11.6
In top decile	4,050	2,130	1,925	10.0	10.5	9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	40,310	...	...	40,310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.319	...	...	0.319	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.437	...	...	0.437	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	40,655	20,350	20,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	20,065	10,450	9,620	49.4	51.4	47.4
French only	620	280	340	1.5	1.4	1.7
English and French	19,905	9,595	10,310	49.0	47.1	50.8
Neither English nor French	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	40,655	20,350	20,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	27,040	13,810	13,230	66.5	67.9	65.2
French	13,155	6,335	6,815	32.4	31.1	33.6
English and French	405	185	225	1.0	0.9	1.1
Neither English nor French	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	40,655	20,350	20,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,620	19,360	19,255	95.0	95.1	94.9
Official languages	36,495	18,325	18,170	89.8	90.0	89.5
English	23,270	11,925	11,345	57.2	58.6	55.9
French	13,225	6,395	6,825	32.5	31.4	33.6
Non-official languages	2,120	1,035	1,085	5.2	5.1	5.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	325	135	190	0.8	0.7	0.9
Algonquian languages	320	135	190	0.8	0.7	0.9
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	315	130	185	0.8	0.6	0.9
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	315	130	185	0.8	0.6	0.9
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	25	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	145	50	95	0.4	0.2	0.5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,795	900	895	4.4	4.4	4.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	120	45	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	30	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,275	665	610	3.1	3.3	3.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	75	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	160	70	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	70	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	605	365	235	1.5	1.8	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	580	355	225	1.4	1.7	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	90	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
Hindi	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	380	210	170	0.9	1.0	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	370	160	210	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	250	110	140	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Romanian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	110	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hungarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,035	985	1,050	5.0	4.8	5.2
English and French	1,735	830	905	4.3	4.1	4.5
English and non-official language(s)	265	140	125	0.7	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	40,655	20,350	20,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	27,665	14,265	13,395	68.0	70.1	66.0
French	4,850	2,260	2,590	11.9	11.1	12.8
Non-official language	495	240	255	1.2	1.2	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	415	210	205	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	6,140	2,850	3,295	15.1	14.0	16.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,365	675	685	3.4	3.3	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	115	40	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	40,655	20,350	20,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,995	19,590	19,410	95.9	96.3	95.6
Official languages	38,015	19,090	18,930	93.5	93.8	93.3
English	31,635	16,115	15,525	77.8	79.2	76.5
French	6,380	2,970	3,405	15.7	14.6	16.8
Non-official languages	980	500	480	2.4	2.5	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	120	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	855	450	405	2.1	2.2	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	620	340	280	1.5	1.7	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	485	285	195	1.2	1.4	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	465	275	190	1.1	1.4	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hindi	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	320	175	145	0.8	0.9	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,660	760	895	4.1	3.7	4.4
English and French	1,415	645	775	3.5	3.2	3.8
English and non-official language(s)	225	110	110	0.6	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	40,650	20,350	20,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	34,610	17,500	17,110	85.1	86.0	84.3
English	1,880	890	990	4.6	4.4	4.9
French	3,235	1,505	1,735	8.0	7.4	8.5
Non-official language	690	320	365	1.7	1.6	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	190	85	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-Indigenous	495	235	265	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	70	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	40,310	20,205	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	40,260	20,180	20,085	99.9	99.9	99.9
English	39,635	19,875	19,760	98.3	98.4	98.3
French	20,435	9,840	10,600	50.7	48.7	52.7
Non-official languages	2,845	1,375	1,470	7.1	6.8	7.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	470	205	275	1.2	1.0	1.4
Algonquian languages	465	205	265	1.2	1.0	1.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	440	180	255	1.1	0.9	1.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	440	180	255	1.1	0.9	1.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	265	110	155	0.7	0.5	0.8
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	135	55	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,385	1,180	1,205	5.9	5.8	6.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	170	60	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	60	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	75	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	60	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
Tamil	35	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,615	790	835	4.0	3.9	4.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	215	90	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	210	85	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	165	75	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	110	45	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
German	110	45	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	605	380	225	1.5	1.9	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	555	345	205	1.4	1.7	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	130	100	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
Hindi	320	200	115	0.8	1.0	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	325	185	140	0.8	0.9	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	635	245	395	1.6	1.2	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	335	140	195	0.8	0.7	1.0
Portuguese	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	265	100	165	0.7	0.5	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	90	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	155	90	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	150	70	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hungarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,315	20,205	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,995	2,955	3,035	14.9	14.6	15.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,840	2,900	2,950	14.5	14.4	14.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,635	1,330	1,310	6.5	6.6	6.5
Métis	3,155	1,540	1,615	7.8	7.6	8.0
Inuk (Inuit)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	34,320	17,245	17,070	85.1	85.4	84.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	40,315	20,205	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,180	1,065	1,115	5.4	5.3	5.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	38,130	19,135	18,995	94.6	94.7	94.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	11,975	...	...	67.0	...	...
Renter	5,915	...	...	33.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	455	...	...	2.5	...	...
Not condominium	17,435	...	...	97.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,370	...	...	13.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	4,870	...	...	27.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,835	...	...	38.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,730	...	...	20.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,125	...	...	28.7	...	...
5 rooms	3,630	...	...	20.3	...	...
6 rooms	2,985	...	...	16.7	...	...
7 rooms	2,175	...	...	12.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,970	...	...	22.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	17,725	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	165	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	17,275	...	...	96.6	...	...
Not suitable	610	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,410	...	...	35.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,405	...	...	35.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,425	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,395	...	...	7.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	280	...	...	1.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	365	...	...	2.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	345	...	...	1.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	260	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,450	...	...	92.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,440	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,905	...	...	55.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,530	...	...	42.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	455	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,885	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	755	...	...	4.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,805	...	...	15.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,875	...	...	16.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,090	...	...	17.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,785	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,800	...	...	15.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,370	...	...	7.7	...	...
85 years and over	410	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,800	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,925	...	...	83.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,875	...	...	16.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,655	...	...	14.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	4,490	...	...	25.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,530	...	...	14.1	...	...
Not suitable only	460	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,070	...	...	6.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	55	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	275	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	13,395	...	...	74.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	17,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,345	...	...	7.7	...	...
Not in core need	16,240	...	...	92.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,950	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.8	...	...	61.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,272	...	...	1,272	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	226,000	...	...	226,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	252,000	...	...	252,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	19.0	...	...	19.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.8	...	...	30.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	40,310	20,200	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,845	1,440	1,410	7.1	7.1	7.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,770	1,395	1,370	6.9	6.9	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,855	915	935	4.6	4.5	4.6
Métis single ancestry	900	470	430	2.2	2.3	2.1
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,810	1,855	1,955	9.5	9.2	9.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,700	1,805	1,890	9.2	8.9	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,775	875	900	4.4	4.3	4.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,900	910	985	4.7	4.5	4.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	115	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	33,660	16,910	16,750	83.5	83.7	83.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	40,310	20,200	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	39,225	19,590	19,635	97.3	97.0	97.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,930	4,075	3,855	19.7	20.2	19.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	31,290	15,510	15,780	77.6	76.8	78.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,085	615	475	2.7	3.0	2.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	40,310	20,200	20,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	38,290	19,175	19,115	95.0	94.9	95.1
Immigrants⁸¹	1,370	645	730	3.4	3.2	3.6
Before 1980	590	260	330	1.5	1.3	1.6
1980 to 1990	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
1991 to 2000	135	80	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
2001 to 2010	180	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	390	180	215	1.0	0.9	1.1
2011 to 2015	145	50	95	0.4	0.2	0.5
2016 to 2021	245	130	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	650	380	265	1.6	1.9	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,370	645	730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	180	75	105	13.1	11.6	14.4
5 to 14 years	295	155	145	21.5	24.0	19.9
15 to 24 years	255	110	145	18.6	17.1	19.9
25 to 44 years	560	265	295	40.9	41.1	40.4
45 years and over	85	40	40	6.2	6.2	5.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,370	645	730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	200	95	105	14.6	14.7	14.4
Brazil	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	15	10	0	1.1	1.6	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	1.8	1.6	2.1
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	80	40	40	5.8	6.2	5.5
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	25	3.3	3.1	3.4
Europe	575	265	315	42.0	41.1	43.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	35	10	25	2.6	1.6	3.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	65	35	35	4.7	5.4	4.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	15	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Italy	115	45	70	8.4	7.0	9.6
Netherlands	20	20	0	1.5	3.1	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.4
Portugal	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.7	1.6	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	70	80	11.3	10.9	11.0
Other places of birth in Europe	120	55	65	8.8	8.5	8.9
Africa	65	30	35	4.7	4.7	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	30	4.0	4.7	4.1
Asia	530	250	275	38.7	38.8	37.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	10	2.2	2.3	1.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	40	30	5.5	6.2	4.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	15	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	145	45	105	10.6	7.0	14.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	60	60	8.4	9.3	8.2
Pakistan	20	15	0	1.5	2.3	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.7	1.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	25	25	3.6	3.9	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	250	135	115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	35	20	20	14.0	14.8	17.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	10	0	10	4.0	0.0	8.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	10	10.0	11.1	8.7
Europe	15	10	10	6.0	7.4	8.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	4.0	0.0	8.7
Africa	20	10	15	8.0	7.4	13.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	8.0	7.4	8.7
Asia	170	95	70	68.0	70.4	60.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	4.0	7.4	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	30	30	24.0	22.2	26.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	0	6.0	7.4	0.0
Philippines	30	15	15	12.0	11.1	13.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	40,310	20,205	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	2,150	1,110	1,040	5.3	5.5	5.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,870	1,335	1,535	7.1	6.6	7.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	35,290	17,760	17,530	87.5	87.9	87.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	785	385	400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	395	210	185	50.3	54.5	46.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	205	130	75	26.1	33.8	18.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	190	80	110	24.2	20.8	27.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	270	110	160	34.4	28.6	40.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	110	60	50	14.0	15.6	12.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	785	385	400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	60	30	30	7.6	7.8	7.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	120	40	85	15.3	10.4	21.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	30	15	15	3.8	3.9	3.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	105	70	35	13.4	18.2	8.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	460	225	230	58.6	58.4	57.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	40,315	20,205	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,755	915	840	4.4	4.5	4.2
South Asian	765	480	290	1.9	2.4	1.4
Chinese	195	95	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Black	255	120	135	0.6	0.6	0.7
Filipino	195	60	140	0.5	0.3	0.7
Arab	65	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
West Asian	60	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japanese	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	38,560	19,290	19,270	95.6	95.5	95.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	40,310	20,200	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,150	4,200	3,950	20.2	20.8	19.6
English	5,495	2,735	2,760	13.6	13.5	13.7
Irish	6,440	2,905	3,540	16.0	14.4	17.6
Scottish	5,045	2,310	2,735	12.5	11.4	13.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,850	5,840	6,015	29.4	28.9	29.9
German	2,395	1,270	1,125	5.9	6.3	5.6
Chinese	190	90	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Italian	2,470	1,210	1,260	6.1	6.0	6.3
Indian (India)	410	265	145	1.0	1.3	0.7
Ukrainian	930	480	450	2.3	2.4	2.2
Dutch	695	340	355	1.7	1.7	1.8
Polish	1,435	690	745	3.6	3.4	3.7
Québécois	425	220	205	1.1	1.1	1.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	740	405	335	1.8	2.0	1.7
Filipino	165	60	110	0.4	0.3	0.5
French Canadian	3,550	1,740	1,810	8.8	8.6	9.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,030	1,025	1,005	5.0	5.1	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,485	685	795	3.7	3.4	4.0
Métis	2,970	1,460	1,510	7.4	7.2	7.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	455	230	225	1.1	1.1	1.1
Russian	240	115	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Norwegian	190	95	90	0.5	0.5	0.4
Welsh	405	195	210	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portuguese	145	70	70	0.4	0.3	0.3
American	195	110	85	0.5	0.5	0.4
Spanish	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Swedish	215	70	140	0.5	0.3	0.7
Hungarian	240	165	75	0.6	0.8	0.4
Acadian	280	135	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jewish	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	145	80	70	0.4	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	680	335	350	1.7	1.7	1.7
Korean	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	250	105	145	0.6	0.5	0.7
Danish	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	730	365	365	1.8	1.8	1.8
Sikh	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	170	90	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belgian	115	50	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Haitian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mexican	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mennonite	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	1,130	550	580	2.8	2.7	2.9
Sri Lankan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	355	125	225	0.9	0.6	1.1
Japanese	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	115	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	100	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syrian	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	240	130	110	0.6	0.6	0.5
Newfoundlander	95	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	520	250	260	1.3	1.2	1.3
Persian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	115	80	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	260	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.7
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	70	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nova Scotian	100	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	90	65	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	520	280	240	1.3	1.4	1.2
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saskatchewanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	40,315	20,205	20,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian	26,495	12,595	13,900	65.7	62.3	69.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,470	690	775	3.6	3.4	3.9
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,195	570	625	3.0	2.8	3.1
Baptist	420	170	245	1.0	0.8	1.2
Catholic	20,665	9,905	10,760	51.3	49.0	53.5
Christian Orthodox	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	170	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	55	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	315	170	145	0.8	0.8	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	335	150	180	0.8	0.7	0.9
Presbyterian	105	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	1,060	475	585	2.6	2.4	2.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	610	295	310	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hindu	305	195	105	0.8	1.0	0.5
Jewish	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	235	145	90	0.6	0.7	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	190	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
No religion and secular perspectives	12,840	7,010	5,830	31.8	34.7	29.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	39,955	20,010	19,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	35,180	17,645	17,535	88.0	88.2	87.9
Movers	4,775	2,370	2,405	12.0	11.8	12.1
Non-migrants	3,725	1,795	1,930	9.3	9.0	9.7
Migrants	1,055	575	480	2.6	2.9	2.4
Internal migrants	985	535	450	2.5	2.7	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	850	465	380	2.1	2.3	1.9
Interprovincial migrants	140	65	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
External migrants	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	38,310	19,180	19,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	24,720	12,465	12,260	64.5	65.0	64.1
Movers	13,590	6,715	6,875	35.5	35.0	35.9
Non-migrants	9,495	4,530	4,965	24.8	23.6	25.9
Migrants	4,100	2,185	1,915	10.7	11.4	10.0
Internal migrants	3,375	1,755	1,620	8.8	9.2	8.5
Intraprovincial migrants	2,815	1,445	1,365	7.3	7.5	7.1
Interprovincial migrants	560	310	250	1.5	1.6	1.3
External migrants	715	425	295	1.9	2.2	1.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,660	16,815	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,245	4,390	3,855	24.5	26.1	22.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,415	12,425	12,985	75.5	73.9	77.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,070	11,035	11,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,570	2,035	1,535	16.2	18.4	13.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,505	9,005	9,505	83.8	81.6	86.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	33,660	16,820	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,315	3,785	3,530	21.7	22.5	21.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,920	5,115	4,815	29.5	30.4	28.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,420	7,920	8,495	48.8	47.1	50.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,110	6,250	5,860	36.0	37.2	34.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,415	1,930	485	7.2	11.5	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,190	900	285	3.5	5.4	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,230	1,030	200	3.7	6.1	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,285	4,150	5,130	27.6	24.7	30.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	405	165	240	1.2	1.0	1.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,315	1,675	2,635	12.8	10.0	15.6
Bachelor's degree	3,065	1,130	1,935	9.1	6.7	11.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	410	150	265	1.2	0.9	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	125	85	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
Master's degree	660	285	380	2.0	1.7	2.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	22,075	11,035	11,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,050	1,700	1,350	13.8	15.4	12.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,360	3,380	2,985	28.8	30.6	27.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,660	5,960	6,705	57.3	54.0	60.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,205	4,665	4,540	41.7	42.3	41.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,645	1,325	325	7.5	12.0	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	845	650	190	3.8	5.9	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	805	675	135	3.6	6.1	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,315	3,240	4,070	33.1	29.4	36.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	240	100	140	1.1	0.9	1.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,450	1,295	2,160	15.6	11.7	19.6
Bachelor's degree	2,430	880	1,550	11.0	8.0	14.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	320	100	220	1.4	0.9	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	55	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	570	240	335	2.6	2.2	3.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	33,660	16,820	16,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,240	8,895	8,345	51.2	52.9	49.5
Education	1,065	220	845	3.2	1.3	5.0
13. Education	1,065	220	845	3.2	1.3	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	275	105	165	0.8	0.6	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	235	85	145	0.7	0.5	0.9
Humanities	460	180	280	1.4	1.1	1.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	80	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	45	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	80	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,440	345	1,095	4.3	2.1	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	435	15	420	1.3	0.1	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	240	85	155	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	320	60	260	1.0	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	325	145	180	1.0	0.9	1.1
Business, management and public administration	3,155	920	2,235	9.4	5.5	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	720	105	615	2.1	0.6	3.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,430	815	1,620	7.2	4.8	9.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	490	245	250	1.5	1.5	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	160	45	115	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	215	145	75	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	310	185	120	0.9	1.1	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	250	170	80	0.7	1.0	0.5
25. Library science	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,560	4,275	285	13.5	25.4	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	75	60	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	370	290	85	1.1	1.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,390	1,270	125	4.1	7.6	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	710	685	25	2.1	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,545	1,515	35	4.6	9.0	0.2
48. Precision production	460	460	0	1.4	2.7	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	470	270	200	1.4	1.6	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	135	45	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	330	225	110	1.0	1.3	0.7
Health and related fields	2,965	510	2,450	8.8	3.0	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	165	65	100	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,735	415	2,325	8.1	2.5	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,235	670	570	3.7	4.0	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	480	60	420	1.4	0.4	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	295	135	1.3	1.8	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	340	320	15	1.0	1.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	22,075	11,035	11,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	9,415	5,080	4,335	42.7	46.0	39.3
Education	795	175	625	3.6	1.6	5.7
13. Education	795	175	625	3.6	1.6	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	205	80	125	0.9	0.7	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	190	75	115	0.9	0.7	1.0
Humanities	300	120	180	1.4	1.1	1.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	50	0	45	0.2	0.0	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,205	290	915	5.5	2.6	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	375	10	365	1.7	0.1	3.3
22. Legal professions and studies	220	75	145	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	255	55	200	1.2	0.5	1.8
45. Social sciences	250	120	130	1.1	1.1	1.2
Business, management and public administration	2,450	630	1,825	11.1	5.7	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	585	75	505	2.7	0.7	4.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,865	550	1,310	8.4	5.0	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	385	170	215	1.7	1.5	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	25	95	0.5	0.2	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	180	115	65	0.8	1.0	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	240	155	85	1.1	1.4	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	190	140	45	0.9	1.3	0.4
25. Library science	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,510	3,275	235	15.9	29.7	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	60	45	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	295	220	75	1.3	2.0	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,110	1,020	90	5.0	9.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	500	480	25	2.3	4.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,210	1,190	25	5.5	10.8	0.2
48. Precision production	340	330	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	365	205	160	1.7	1.9	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	100	35	65	0.5	0.3	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	265	170	95	1.2	1.5	0.9
Health and related fields	2,220	325	1,900	10.1	2.9	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	130	50	85	0.6	0.5	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,040	255	1,785	9.2	2.3	16.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	975	535	440	4.4	4.8	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	370	45	325	1.7	0.4	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	350	230	115	1.6	2.1	1.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	260	255	0	1.2	2.3	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	22,075	11,035	11,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,415	5,080	4,335	42.7	46.0	39.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,655	5,955	6,700	57.3	54.0	60.7
Location of study inside Canada	12,155	5,695	6,465	55.1	51.6	58.6
Same as province or territory of residence	11,475	5,360	6,115	52.0	48.6	55.4
Different than province or territory of residence	675	330	345	3.1	3.0	3.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	505	270	235	2.3	2.4	2.1
Americas	145	80	65	0.7	0.7	0.6
United States of America	115	65	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	280	135	150	1.3	1.2	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	85	20	65	0.4	0.2	0.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	155	85	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pakistan	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	33,660	16,820	16,840	...	...	...
In the labour force	21,005	11,190	9,820	...	...	...
Employed	19,195	10,345	8,855	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,810	850	965	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	12,655	5,630	7,025	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.4	66.5	58.3	62.4	66.5	58.3
Employment rate	57.0	61.5	52.6	57.0	61.5	52.6
Unemployment rate	8.6	7.6	9.8	8.6	7.6	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	33,660	16,820	16,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	12,880	5,730	7,155	38.3	34.1	42.5
Worked	20,780	11,090	9,690	61.7	65.9	57.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,720	6,640	5,080	34.8	39.5	30.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,065	4,450	4,610	26.9	26.5	27.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	42.3	41.2	41.7	42.3	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	21,010	11,190	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	400	200	200	1.9	1.8	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,610	10,990	9,620	98.1	98.2	98.0
Employee	18,870	9,895	8,975	89.8	88.4	91.4
Permanent position	16,310	8,735	7,580	77.6	78.1	77.2
Temporary position	2,560	1,160	1,400	12.2	10.4	14.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	730	360	370	3.5	3.2	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,830	805	1,030	8.7	7.2	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,740	1,095	645	8.3	9.8	6.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	21,010	11,190	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	400	200	200	1.9	1.8	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,610	10,990	9,620	98.1	98.2	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	105	70	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,680	590	2,085	12.8	5.3	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,225	965	260	5.8	8.6	2.6
3 Health occupations	1,740	285	1,455	8.3	2.5	14.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,875	780	2,095	13.7	7.0	21.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	205	65	140	1.0	0.6	1.4
6 Sales and service occupations	4,995	2,040	2,955	23.8	18.2	30.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,465	4,080	385	21.3	36.5	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,755	1,620	140	8.4	14.5	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	555	485	75	2.6	4.3	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	21,010	11,190	9,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	400	200	200	1.9	1.8	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	20,610	10,990	9,620	98.1	98.2	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	285	210	80	1.4	1.9	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,145	2,790	355	15.0	24.9	3.6
22 Utilities	225	200	25	1.1	1.8	0.3
23 Construction	1,350	1,195	155	6.4	10.7	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	630	470	160	3.0	4.2	1.6
41 Wholesale trade	545	410	140	2.6	3.7	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	2,395	1,100	1,295	11.4	9.8	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	970	695	275	4.6	6.2	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	195	115	85	0.9	1.0	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	420	125	295	2.0	1.1	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	240	135	105	1.1	1.2	1.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	920	485	435	4.4	4.3	4.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	795	440	350	3.8	3.9	3.6
61 Educational services	1,770	405	1,370	8.4	3.6	14.0
62 Health care and social assistance	3,210	535	2,675	15.3	4.8	27.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	165	90	75	0.8	0.8	0.8
72 Accommodation and food services	1,085	450	640	5.2	4.0	6.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	910	530	375	4.3	4.7	3.8
91 Public administration	1,340	610	725	6.4	5.5	7.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	22,500	11,875	10,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	16,055	9,110	6,945	71.4	76.7	65.4
French	1,140	330	815	5.1	2.8	7.7
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,170	2,375	2,800	23.0	20.0	26.4
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	22,500	11,875	10,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,455	11,365	10,095	95.4	95.7	95.0
Official languages	21,430	11,345	10,085	95.2	95.5	94.9
English	19,820	10,830	8,985	88.1	91.2	84.6
French	1,615	520	1,095	7.2	4.4	10.3
Non-official languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,045	510	530	4.6	4.3	5.0
English and French	1,015	510	505	4.5	4.3	4.8
English and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	22,500	11,875	10,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,235	9,960	8,280	81.0	83.9	77.9
English	485	185	290	2.2	1.6	2.7
French	3,700	1,685	2,010	16.4	14.2	18.9
Non-official language	75	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	19,200	10,345	8,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,485	915	1,570	12.9	8.8	17.7
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	2,415	1,895	525	12.6	18.3	5.9
Usual place of work	14,290	7,535	6,760	74.4	72.8	76.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,290	7,535	6,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,140	6,775	6,365	92.0	89.9	94.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	330	225	110	2.3	3.0	1.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	750	475	275	5.2	6.3	4.1
Commute to a different province or territory	70	65	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,710	9,430	7,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,510	8,365	6,145	86.8	88.7	84.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,120	7,780	5,340	78.5	82.5	73.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,390	590	805	8.3	6.3	11.1
Public transit	715	370	340	4.3	3.9	4.7
Walked	1,025	435	590	6.1	4.6	8.1
Bicycle	70	55	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	390	200	185	2.3	2.1	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,710	9,430	7,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,750	4,085	4,665	52.4	43.3	64.1
15 to 29 minutes	4,975	3,120	1,855	29.8	33.1	25.5
30 to 44 minutes	1,755	1,270	485	10.5	13.5	6.7
45 to 59 minutes	360	255	105	2.2	2.7	1.4
60 minutes and over	865	695	170	5.2	7.4	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,710	9,430	7,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,915	1,540	375	11.5	16.3	5.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,395	2,170	1,225	20.3	23.0	16.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,820	2,125	1,700	22.9	22.5	23.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,525	1,275	2,250	21.1	13.5	30.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,325	535	790	7.9	5.7	10.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,730	1,780	945	16.3	18.9	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,185	4,195	3,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,840	2,450	2,390	59.1	58.4	60.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,345	1,750	1,595	40.9	41.7	40.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,085	3,160	2,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,600	1,845	1,760	59.2	58.4	60.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,650	1,330	1,320	43.5	42.1	45.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	955	515	440	15.7	16.3	15.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,485	1,315	1,170	40.8	41.6	39.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 12, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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