Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	TsawwassenMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	23,940	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	21,845^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	10,465	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,968	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,601.1	...	...	1,601.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	14.95	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	23,940	11,515	12,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,380	1,770	1,605	14.1	15.4	12.9
0 to 4 years	890	460	430	3.7	4.0	3.5
5 to 9 years	1,135	595	540	4.7	5.2	4.3
10 to 14 years	1,360	715	645	5.7	6.2	5.2
15 to 64 years	13,915	6,760	7,155	58.1	58.7	57.6
15 to 19 years	1,345	675	670	5.6	5.9	5.4
20 to 24 years	1,090	600	490	4.6	5.2	3.9
25 to 29 years	960	500	460	4.0	4.3	3.7
30 to 34 years	925	445	485	3.9	3.9	3.9
35 to 39 years	1,215	575	640	5.1	5.0	5.2
40 to 44 years	1,240	580	660	5.2	5.0	5.3
45 to 49 years	1,400	635	760	5.8	5.5	6.1
50 to 54 years	1,835	865	970	7.7	7.5	7.8
55 to 59 years	1,950	935	1,015	8.1	8.1	8.2
60 to 64 years	1,955	945	1,010	8.2	8.2	8.1
65 years and over	6,640	2,980	3,660	27.7	25.9	29.5
65 to 69 years	1,745	815	930	7.3	7.1	7.5
70 to 74 years	1,670	765	905	7.0	6.6	7.3
75 to 79 years	1,360	650	710	5.7	5.6	5.7
80 to 84 years	930	410	520	3.9	3.6	4.2
85 years and over	930	340	590	3.9	3.0	4.7
85 to 89 years	600	225	375	2.5	2.0	3.0
90 to 94 years	260	95	165	1.1	0.8	1.3
95 to 99 years	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	15.4	12.9	14.1	15.4	12.9
15 to 64 years	58.1	58.7	57.6	58.1	58.7	57.6
65 years and over	27.7	25.9	29.5	27.7	25.9	29.5
85 years and over	3.9	3.0	4.7	3.9	3.0	4.7
Average age of the population	47.3	45.9	48.7	47.3	45.9	48.7
Median age of the population	51.2	49.6	52.4	51.2	49.6	52.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,990	...	...	60.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	245	...	...	2.5	...	...
Row house	180	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	575	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,520	...	...	25.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	360	...	...	3.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	80	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,750	...	...	27.6	...	...
2 persons	3,775	...	...	37.9	...	...
3 persons	1,435	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	1,375	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	630	...	...	6.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	23,510	11,375	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	20,555	9,740	10,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	12,940	6,410	6,525	63.0	65.8	60.3
Married	11,385	5,635	5,750	55.4	57.9	53.2
Living common-law	1,550	775	780	7.5	8.0	7.2
Living common law - Never married	965	485	480	4.7	5.0	4.4
Living common law - Separated	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	460	225	240	2.2	2.3	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	70	35	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	7,615	3,325	4,290	37.0	34.1	39.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,415	2,400	2,015	21.5	24.6	18.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	490	220	275	2.4	2.3	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,330	440	895	6.5	4.5	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,375	275	1,105	6.7	2.8	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,910	...	...	54.8	...	...
3 persons	1,420	...	...	19.9	...	...
4 persons	1,390	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 or more persons	420	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	6,280	...	...	88.0	...	...
Married couples	5,505	...	...	77.2	...	...
With children⁶	2,655	...	...	37.2	...	...
Without children	2,850	...	...	39.9	...	...
Common-law couples	775	...	...	10.9	...	...
With children⁶	245	...	...	3.4	...	...
Without children	530	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	860	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	655	...	...	9.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	205	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	23,510	11,375	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	19,830	9,920	9,905	84.3	87.2	81.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	12,560	6,275	6,285	53.4	55.2	51.8
Parents in one-parent families	860	210	650	3.7	1.8	5.4
Children⁶	6,410	3,440	2,970	27.3	30.2	24.5
In a two-parent family	5,135	2,745	2,385	21.8	24.1	19.7
In a one-parent family	1,280	690	580	5.4	6.1	4.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,685	1,455	2,225	15.7	12.8	18.3
Living alone	2,750	1,035	1,715	11.7	9.1	14.1
Living with other relatives⁷	370	135	240	1.6	1.2	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	560	290	275	2.4	2.5	2.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,480	...	...	65.0	...	...
Couple-family households	5,785	...	...	58.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,635	...	...	26.4	...	...
Without children	3,145	...	...	31.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	695	...	...	7.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	230	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	40	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	250	...	...	2.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	220	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-person households	2,750	...	...	27.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	20,135	9,600	10,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,515	9,330	10,185	96.9	97.2	96.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	61,200	41,600	49,200	61,200	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,530	9,340	10,190	97.0	97.3	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	53,200	37,200	44,000	53,200	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,355	8,870	9,485	91.2	92.4	90.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	54,800	32,400	41,600	54,800	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,230	6,785	6,440	65.7	70.7	61.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	55,200	34,400	43,200	55,200	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,140	6,675	8,465	75.2	69.5	80.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	12,000	12,000	12,000	12,000	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,135	450	675	5.6	4.7	6.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,400	5,480	5,480	5,400	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,310	1,970	2,340	21.4	20.5	22.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	20,110	9,580	10,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,480	9,280	10,200	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,400	84,800	55,500	69,400	84,800	55,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,490	9,285	10,205	96.9	96.9	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,950	66,800	46,120	55,950	66,800	46,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,310	8,820	9,490	91.0	92.1	90.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,200	80,300	49,160	64,200	80,300	49,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,240	6,695	6,545	65.8	69.9	62.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,700	76,500	48,520	62,700	76,500	48,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,155	6,710	8,450	75.4	70.0	80.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,710	11,650	11,760	11,710	11,650	11,760
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,115	420	695	5.5	4.4	6.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,820	5,800	7,440	6,820	5,800	7,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,205	1,930	2,275	20.9	20.1	21.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,860	9,290	9,100	8,860	9,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	20,105	9,575	10,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,135	3,515	2,625	30.5	36.7	24.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	80,000	89,000	70,500	80,000	89,000	70,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	99,500	111,400	83,600	99,500	111,400	83,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,090	2,265	2,825	25.3	23.7	26.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,200	16,600	18,400	20,200	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	41,040	27,640	33,600	41,040	27,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.8	90.0	82.4	86.8	90.0	82.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.4	65.2	56.1	61.4	65.2	56.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.1	9.9	17.6	13.1	9.9	17.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	0.9	0.6	0.3	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.5	2.6	4.7	3.5	2.6	4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.8	2.2	3.7	2.8	2.2	3.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	20,130	9,605	10,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	615	275	345	3.1	2.9	3.3
With total income	19,515	9,330	10,185	96.9	97.1	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,650	695	955	8.5	7.4	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	1,945	740	1,205	10.0	7.9	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	2,420	895	1,520	12.4	9.6	14.9
$30,000 to $39,999	2,055	820	1,235	10.5	8.8	12.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,835	725	1,110	9.4	7.8	10.9
$50,000 to $59,999	1,655	705	950	8.5	7.6	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,400	705	690	7.2	7.6	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,175	595	585	6.0	6.4	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	890	480	405	4.6	5.1	4.0
$90,000 to $99,999	815	440	375	4.2	4.7	3.7
$100,000 and over	3,680	2,530	1,150	18.9	27.1	11.3
$100,000 to $149,999	2,090	1,315	775	10.7	14.1	7.6
$150,000 and over	1,595	1,210	380	8.2	13.0	3.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	20,130	9,605	10,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	600	265	335	3.0	2.8	3.2
With after-tax income	19,535	9,335	10,195	97.0	97.2	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,805	745	1,065	9.2	8.0	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	2,050	780	1,270	10.5	8.4	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,720	1,030	1,690	13.9	11.0	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	2,335	910	1,420	12.0	9.7	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	2,185	890	1,290	11.2	9.5	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,840	895	945	9.4	9.6	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,455	760	695	7.4	8.1	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,160	635	520	5.9	6.8	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	895	525	365	4.6	5.6	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	640	380	260	3.3	4.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	2,445	1,775	665	12.5	19.0	6.5
$100,000 to $124,999	1,065	720	340	5.5	7.7	3.3
$125,000 and over	1,385	1,060	325	7.1	11.4	3.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	20,130	9,605	10,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	6,900	2,815	4,085	34.3	29.3	38.8
With employment income	13,225	6,785	6,440	65.7	70.6	61.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,155	1,070	1,080	16.3	15.8	16.8
$5,000 to $9,999	1,000	430	575	7.6	6.3	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,330	555	775	10.1	8.2	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	920	390	525	7.0	5.7	8.2
$30,000 to $39,999	950	395	560	7.2	5.8	8.7
$40,000 to $49,999	855	350	510	6.5	5.2	7.9
$50,000 to $59,999	870	390	485	6.6	5.7	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	750	380	370	5.7	5.6	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	675	335	335	5.1	4.9	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	605	335	275	4.6	4.9	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	525	280	240	4.0	4.1	3.7
$100,000 and over	2,585	1,875	715	19.5	27.6	11.1
$100,000 to $124,999	920	590	325	7.0	8.7	5.0
$125,000 and over	1,670	1,280	385	12.6	18.9	6.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	20,135	9,600	10,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,110	9,130	9,980	94.9	95.1	94.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	61,200	40,000	48,800	61,200	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,145	9,130	10,020	95.1	95.1	95.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,800	35,600	42,800	52,800	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,215	8,795	9,425	90.5	91.6	89.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	56,000	34,400	43,600	56,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,965	7,060	6,905	69.4	73.5	65.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	54,000	34,000	41,600	54,000	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,125	5,025	7,095	60.2	52.3	67.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	11,000	8,800	9,500	11,000	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	775	305	470	3.8	3.2	4.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,520	5,960	5,080	4,520	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	20,110	9,580	10,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,130	9,095	10,045	95.1	94.9	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,200	86,000	53,950	69,200	86,000	53,950
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,165	9,100	10,065	95.3	95.0	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,050	66,700	44,440	55,050	66,700	44,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,220	8,775	9,445	90.6	91.6	89.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	66,100	83,200	50,240	66,100	83,200	50,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,965	6,985	6,980	69.4	72.9	66.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,100	75,300	46,880	61,100	75,300	46,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,185	5,080	7,105	60.6	53.0	67.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,780	10,250	9,440	9,780	10,250	9,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	795	305	490	4.0	3.2	4.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,480	6,040	8,360	7,480	6,040	8,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	20,105	9,575	10,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,105	3,485	2,625	30.4	36.4	24.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	77,000	88,000	66,000	77,000	88,000	66,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,600	109,500	79,500	96,600	109,500	79,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,865	2,170	2,695	24.2	22.7	25.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	26,400	22,200	24,000	26,400	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	40,360	50,040	32,600	40,360	50,040	32,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0	93.4	87.6	91.0	93.4	87.6
Employment income (%)	64.4	67.2	60.4	64.4	67.2	60.4
Government transfers (%)	9.0	6.7	12.4	9.0	6.7	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.2	0.8	0.5	0.2	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,200	...	...	49,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,970	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	135,600	...	...	135,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	64,300	...	...	64,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,650	...	...	53,650	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	163,000	...	...	163,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	115	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	75	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	115	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	290	...	...	2.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	245	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	255	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	320	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	295	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	280	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	565	...	...	5.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	585	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	565	...	...	5.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	510	...	...	5.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	535	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,185	...	...	52.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,155	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	905	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,250	...	...	12.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,875	...	...	18.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	145	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	115	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	310	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	285	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	300	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	375	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	335	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	335	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	695	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	645	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	640	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	655	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	600	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,410	...	...	44.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,230	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	910	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,270	...	...	22.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,060	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,190	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	176,000	...	...	176,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,315	1,325	1,990	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,200	52,800	44,400	47,200	52,800	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	46,400	40,400	42,800	46,400	40,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	162,600	...	...	162,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	203,000	...	...	203,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,400	...	...	159,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,600	...	...	91,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,200	...	...	76,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,305	1,310	1,995	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	62,000	64,300	60,500	62,000	64,300	60,500
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,750	53,650	50,520	51,750	53,650	50,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	23,510	11,375	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,185	2,175	2,010	17.8	19.1	16.6
0 to 5 years	1,095	575	520	4.7	5.1	4.3
18 to 64 years	13,025	6,305	6,725	55.4	55.4	55.4
65 years and over	6,300	2,895	3,405	26.8	25.5	28.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,895	815	1,080	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	390	205	190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	95	50	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	975	440	540	...	...	...
65 years and over	530	175	350	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.1	7.2	8.9	8.1	7.2	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	9.3	9.3	9.4	9.3	9.3	9.4
0 to 5 years (%)	8.4	8.8	8.0	8.4	8.8	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.5	7.0	8.0	7.5	7.0	8.0
65 years and over (%)	8.4	6.1	10.3	8.4	6.1	10.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	21,620	10,455	11,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	3,850	2,000	1,845	17.8	19.1	16.5
0 to 5 years	975	510	460	4.5	4.9	4.1
18 to 64 years	11,835	5,725	6,105	54.7	54.8	54.7
65 years and over	5,940	2,730	3,210	27.5	26.1	28.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	680	320	355	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	180	90	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	15	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	415	190	220	...	...	...
65 years and over	85	40	50	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.6	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	2.4	3.6	3.0	2.4	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	23,510	11,375	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	7,825	3,540	4,295	33.3	31.1	35.4
In bottom decile	1,690	755	930	7.2	6.6	7.7
In second decile	1,425	615	815	6.1	5.4	6.7
In third decile	1,380	615	770	5.9	5.4	6.3
In fourth decile	1,575	730	845	6.7	6.4	7.0
In fifth decile	1,760	820	940	7.5	7.2	7.7
In top half of the distribution	15,680	7,835	7,845	66.7	68.9	64.6
In sixth decile	1,975	975	995	8.4	8.6	8.2
In seventh decile	2,370	1,155	1,210	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	2,700	1,320	1,385	11.5	11.6	11.4
In ninth decile	3,480	1,775	1,710	14.8	15.6	14.1
In top decile	5,150	2,610	2,540	21.9	22.9	20.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	23,510	...	...	23,510	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.373	...	...	0.373	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.451	...	...	0.451	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	23,695	11,450	12,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	21,175	10,360	10,815	89.4	90.5	88.3
French only	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,245	975	1,270	9.5	8.5	10.4
Neither English nor French	275	115	160	1.2	1.0	1.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	23,695	11,450	12,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,100	11,200	11,895	97.5	97.8	97.1
French	270	100	165	1.1	0.9	1.3
English and French	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	265	105	155	1.1	0.9	1.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	23,695	11,450	12,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,095	11,165	11,925	97.5	97.5	97.3
Official languages	19,285	9,470	9,815	81.4	82.7	80.1
English	19,015	9,360	9,655	80.2	81.7	78.8
French	270	110	160	1.1	1.0	1.3
Non-official languages	3,810	1,695	2,105	16.1	14.8	17.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,800	1,695	2,110	16.0	14.8	17.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	220	75	150	0.9	0.7	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	180	60	120	0.8	0.5	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,855	845	1,005	7.8	7.4	8.2
Albanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	365	155	210	1.5	1.4	1.7
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	350	145	200	1.5	1.3	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	25	60	0.3	0.2	0.5
Russian	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	695	320	375	2.9	2.8	3.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	425	200	225	1.8	1.7	1.8
German	420	200	220	1.8	1.7	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	165	75	90	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	140	65	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
Danish	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	350	180	170	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	305	155	150	1.3	1.4	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	105	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	385	165	220	1.6	1.4	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	35	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Spanish	215	90	120	0.9	0.8	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	25	55	0.4	0.2	0.4
Korean	105	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,315	605	710	5.5	5.3	5.8
Chinese languages	1,315	605	710	5.5	5.3	5.8
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	930	430	495	3.9	3.8	4.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	305	140	170	1.3	1.2	1.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	605	285	320	2.6	2.5	2.6
English and French	125	55	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	410	195	220	1.7	1.7	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	23,695	11,450	12,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	19,965	9,745	10,220	84.3	85.1	83.4
French	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	945	435	515	4.0	3.8	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	945	435	515	4.0	3.8	4.2
English and French	255	115	140	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,290	1,040	1,255	9.7	9.1	10.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	55	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	85	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	23,695	11,450	12,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,210	11,205	12,005	98.0	97.9	98.0
Official languages	21,480	10,405	11,075	90.7	90.9	90.4
English	21,415	10,380	11,035	90.4	90.7	90.1
French	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	1,735	805	930	7.3	7.0	7.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,735	805	930	7.3	7.0	7.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	105	45	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	525	245	275	2.2	2.1	2.2
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	120	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	115	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.2
German	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	165	75	95	0.7	0.7	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	145	65	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	65	65	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	95	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	80	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	935	450	485	3.9	3.9	4.0
Chinese languages	935	450	485	3.9	3.9	4.0
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	715	340	380	3.0	3.0	3.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	90	80	0.7	0.8	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	485	245	245	2.0	2.1	2.0
English and French	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	430	215	215	1.8	1.9	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	23,700	11,450	12,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	21,355	10,395	10,960	90.1	90.8	89.5
English	615	280	335	2.6	2.4	2.7
French	225	105	120	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	1,200	520	680	5.1	4.5	5.6
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,195	515	675	5.0	4.5	5.5
English and French	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	55	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	23,505	11,365	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	23,200	11,225	11,970	98.7	98.8	98.6
English	23,200	11,225	11,970	98.7	98.8	98.6
French	2,220	930	1,290	9.4	8.2	10.6
Non-official languages	5,355	2,535	2,825	22.8	22.3	23.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,345	2,535	2,820	22.7	22.3	23.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	65	60	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	65	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	420	185	230	1.8	1.6	1.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	310	130	175	1.3	1.1	1.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,920	1,435	1,485	12.4	12.6	12.2
Albanian	25	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	435	190	245	1.9	1.7	2.0
Baltic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	415	185	230	1.8	1.6	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	170	90	85	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	30	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	80	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,120	550	570	4.8	4.8	4.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	745	375	370	3.2	3.3	3.0
German	740	375	365	3.1	3.3	3.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	255	120	135	1.1	1.1	1.1
Afrikaans	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Dutch	185	90	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	65	85	0.6	0.6	0.7
Danish	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Swedish	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	510	260	250	2.2	2.3	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	455	235	220	1.9	2.1	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	185	90	90	0.8	0.8	0.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Marathi	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	330	170	170	1.4	1.5	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	925	480	450	3.9	4.2	3.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	150	65	80	0.6	0.6	0.7
Portuguese	90	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.2
Spanish	670	370	310	2.9	3.3	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	60	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	140	55	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,540	725	815	6.6	6.4	6.7
Chinese languages	1,540	725	815	6.6	6.4	6.7
Hakka	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mandarin	1,230	580	645	5.2	5.1	5.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	500	230	270	2.1	2.0	2.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,505	11,365	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	840	395	445	3.6	3.5	3.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	785	375	410	3.3	3.3	3.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	505	225	280	2.1	2.0	2.3
Métis	280	150	130	1.2	1.3	1.1
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	22,665	10,970	11,690	96.4	96.5	96.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,505	11,365	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	360	155	205	1.5	1.4	1.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	23,145	11,210	11,930	98.5	98.6	98.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,560	...	...	75.8	...	...
Renter	2,385	...	...	23.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,280	...	...	22.9	...	...
Not condominium	7,690	...	...	77.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	1,210	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,615	...	...	26.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	2,925	...	...	29.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,195	...	...	32.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,580	...	...	25.9	...	...
5 rooms	1,175	...	...	11.8	...	...
6 rooms	1,300	...	...	13.0	...	...
7 rooms	1,270	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,645	...	...	36.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,870	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	100	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	9,675	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	295	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	565	...	...	5.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,445	...	...	44.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,465	...	...	14.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,540	...	...	15.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	185	...	...	1.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	245	...	...	2.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	380	...	...	3.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,145	...	...	11.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,540	...	...	95.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	425	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,610	...	...	46.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,015	...	...	50.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	345	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	125	...	...	1.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	630	...	...	6.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,305	...	...	13.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,715	...	...	17.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,250	...	...	22.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,945	...	...	19.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,500	...	...	15.0	...	...
85 years and over	495	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,105	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,070	...	...	77.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,035	...	...	22.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,775	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,585	...	...	25.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,875	...	...	18.8	...	...
Not suitable only	215	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	325	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	70	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,390	...	...	74.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,040	...	...	11.8	...	...
Not in core need	7,800	...	...	88.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,915	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	46.7	...	...	46.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,734	...	...	1,734	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,250,000	...	...	1,250,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,304,000	...	...	1,304,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,215	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.2	...	...	42.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.1	...	...	28.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,876	...	...	1,876	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	560	...	...	560	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	23,500	11,370	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	235	110	120	1.0	1.0	1.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	230	105	120	1.0	0.9	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	170	80	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis single ancestry	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	775	355	420	3.3	3.1	3.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	740	340	400	3.1	3.0	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	565	245	320	2.4	2.2	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	175	95	85	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	35	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	22,490	10,895	11,595	95.7	95.8	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	23,505	11,370	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	21,920	10,640	11,280	93.3	93.6	93.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,980	2,100	1,875	16.9	18.5	15.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,945	8,535	9,405	76.3	75.1	77.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,585	730	855	6.7	6.4	7.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	23,505	11,370	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,685	8,665	9,020	75.2	76.2	74.3
Immigrants⁸¹	5,435	2,545	2,890	23.1	22.4	23.8
Before 1980	2,005	970	1,035	8.5	8.5	8.5
1980 to 1990	560	250	310	2.4	2.2	2.6
1991 to 2000	950	435	520	4.0	3.8	4.3
2001 to 2010	1,055	490	570	4.5	4.3	4.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	860	405	460	3.7	3.6	3.8
2011 to 2015	400	170	235	1.7	1.5	1.9
2016 to 2021	460	235	225	2.0	2.1	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	385	155	225	1.6	1.4	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,435	2,545	2,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	555	260	295	10.2	10.2	10.2
5 to 14 years	855	450	405	15.7	17.7	14.0
15 to 24 years	1,045	490	555	19.2	19.3	19.2
25 to 44 years	2,485	1,100	1,380	45.7	43.2	47.8
45 years and over	500	245	255	9.2	9.6	8.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,435	2,545	2,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	565	235	325	10.4	9.2	11.2
Brazil	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.5
Colombia	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Mexico	70	25	45	1.3	1.0	1.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
United States of America	280	110	170	5.2	4.3	5.9
Other places of birth in Americas	120	60	60	2.2	2.4	2.1
Europe	2,380	1,180	1,195	43.8	46.4	41.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
France	35	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.7
Germany	320	200	115	5.9	7.9	4.0
Greece	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Hungary	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Italy	50	35	20	0.9	1.4	0.7
Netherlands	135	75	55	2.5	2.9	1.9
Poland	80	40	35	1.5	1.6	1.2
Portugal	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Romania	45	25	15	0.8	1.0	0.5
Russian Federation	30	10	25	0.6	0.4	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	80	45	30	1.5	1.8	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,150	530	625	21.2	20.8	21.6
Other places of birth in Europe	355	145	210	6.5	5.7	7.3
Africa	245	120	130	4.5	4.7	4.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	130	55	70	2.4	2.2	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	90	50	40	1.7	2.0	1.4
Asia	2,085	930	1,155	38.4	36.5	40.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
China⁹⁰	810	365	445	14.9	14.3	15.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	140	70	70	2.6	2.8	2.4
Korea, South⁹²	60	25	40	1.1	1.0	1.4
Taiwan	150	70	80	2.8	2.8	2.8
Philippines	310	135	175	5.7	5.3	6.1
Viet Nam	40	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	240	105	130	4.4	4.1	4.5
Pakistan	45	25	25	0.8	1.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Other places of birth in Asia	185	70	120	3.4	2.8	4.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	165	80	90	3.0	3.1	3.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	465	230	230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	100	55	40	21.5	23.9	17.4
Brazil	0	10	0	0.0	4.3	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	20	10	6.5	8.7	4.3
United States of America	45	20	25	9.7	8.7	10.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Europe	85	50	40	18.3	21.7	17.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	15	5.4	4.3	6.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	35	25	10	7.5	10.9	4.3
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Africa	25	15	10	5.4	6.5	4.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	240	105	135	51.6	45.7	58.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	45	70	23.7	19.6	30.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	10	0	0.0	4.3	0.0
India	25	15	10	5.4	6.5	4.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	60	25	30	12.9	10.9	13.0
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	2.2	4.3	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	4.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	15	4.3	4.3	6.5
Oceania and other⁹³	15	15	0	3.2	6.5	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	3.2	6.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	23,505	11,365	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,335	2,945	3,390	27.0	25.9	27.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,750	2,745	3,005	24.5	24.2	24.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,415	5,680	5,735	48.6	50.0	47.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,430	1,575	1,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,210	1,075	1,145	64.4	68.3	61.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	915	580	335	26.7	36.8	18.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,300	490	810	37.9	31.1	43.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	980	400	575	28.6	25.4	31.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	205	85	120	6.0	5.4	6.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	20	15	0.9	1.3	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,430	1,575	1,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	75	25	45	2.2	1.6	2.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	435	205	225	12.7	13.0	12.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	120	70	50	3.5	4.4	2.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	200	110	85	5.8	7.0	4.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,585	1,155	1,430	75.4	73.3	77.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	23,505	11,365	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	4,505	2,100	2,410	19.2	18.5	19.9
South Asian	805	435	365	3.4	3.8	3.0
Chinese	1,830	845	985	7.8	7.4	8.1
Black	165	95	75	0.7	0.8	0.6
Filipino	435	195	240	1.9	1.7	2.0
Arab	75	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	195	70	125	0.8	0.6	1.0
Southeast Asian	200	100	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
West Asian	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	205	80	125	0.9	0.7	1.0
Japanese	235	105	140	1.0	0.9	1.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	95	45	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	215	75	140	0.9	0.7	1.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,995	9,270	9,730	80.8	81.6	80.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	23,505	11,365	12,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,180	1,145	1,040	9.3	10.1	8.6
English	7,045	3,455	3,590	30.0	30.4	29.6
Irish	3,910	1,885	2,020	16.6	16.6	16.6
Scottish	5,320	2,600	2,720	22.6	22.9	22.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,665	760	915	7.1	6.7	7.5
German	3,105	1,585	1,525	13.2	13.9	12.6
Chinese	1,795	835	960	7.6	7.3	7.9
Italian	765	390	375	3.3	3.4	3.1
Indian (India)	535	290	245	2.3	2.6	2.0
Ukrainian	1,180	545	640	5.0	4.8	5.3
Dutch	1,190	565	625	5.1	5.0	5.1
Polish	755	340	415	3.2	3.0	3.4
Québécois	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,535	695	835	6.5	6.1	6.9
Filipino	480	220	265	2.0	1.9	2.2
French Canadian	190	100	90	0.8	0.9	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	280	145	135	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	315	140	170	1.3	1.2	1.4
Métis	275	145	135	1.2	1.3	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	740	380	360	3.1	3.3	3.0
Russian	585	280	305	2.5	2.5	2.5
Norwegian	830	410	410	3.5	3.6	3.4
Welsh	730	360	370	3.1	3.2	3.0
Portuguese	215	105	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
American	560	235	320	2.4	2.1	2.6
Spanish	285	160	130	1.2	1.4	1.1
Swedish	680	335	345	2.9	2.9	2.8
Hungarian	255	120	135	1.1	1.1	1.1
Acadian	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	180	100	85	0.8	0.9	0.7
Punjabi	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	105	45	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	235	110	125	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jamaican	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	140	55	80	0.6	0.5	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	225	90	135	1.0	0.8	1.1
Romanian	155	80	75	0.7	0.7	0.6
Lebanese	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iranian	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	315	135	185	1.3	1.2	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	80	25	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
Sikh	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Austrian	290	160	125	1.2	1.4	1.0
Belgian	130	50	80	0.6	0.4	0.7
Haitian	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hindu	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	120	55	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mennonite	90	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Swiss	150	90	60	0.6	0.8	0.5
Finnish	265	125	145	1.1	1.1	1.2
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	155	80	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
Japanese	375	175	200	1.6	1.5	1.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	165	60	105	0.7	0.5	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	165	85	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	115	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slovak	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	125	50	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	115	65	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lithuanian	55	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
South African	130	75	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Australian	160	90	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
Palestinian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Maltese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
New Brunswicker	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cuban	40	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	100	50	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	55	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	55	40	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	23,500	11,365	12,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	260	90	170	1.1	0.8	1.4
Christian	9,910	4,490	5,425	42.2	39.5	44.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,095	955	1,140	8.9	8.4	9.4
Anabaptist	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anglican	1,470	695	770	6.3	6.1	6.3
Baptist	520	230	290	2.2	2.0	2.4
Catholic	3,100	1,425	1,675	13.2	12.5	13.8
Christian Orthodox	205	100	105	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	75	20	55	0.3	0.2	0.5
Latter Day Saints	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	385	145	235	1.6	1.3	1.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	85	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Presbyterian	110	60	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Reformed	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	1,025	440	585	4.4	3.9	4.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	695	300	390	3.0	2.6	3.2
Hindu	80	40	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	120	35	85	0.5	0.3	0.7
Muslim	300	150	145	1.3	1.3	1.2
Sikh	340	180	165	1.4	1.6	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	140	45	100	0.6	0.4	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	12,335	6,335	6,000	52.5	55.7	49.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	23,320	11,265	12,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	20,215	9,800	10,410	86.7	87.0	86.4
Movers	3,105	1,465	1,640	13.3	13.0	13.6
Non-migrants	1,560	725	840	6.7	6.4	7.0
Migrants	1,540	740	805	6.6	6.6	6.7
Internal migrants	1,355	660	695	5.8	5.9	5.8
Intraprovincial migrants	1,265	610	655	5.4	5.4	5.4
Interprovincial migrants	95	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	185	80	105	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	22,600	10,880	11,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	13,620	6,525	7,095	60.3	60.0	60.5
Movers	8,980	4,355	4,625	39.7	40.0	39.5
Non-migrants	3,285	1,590	1,695	14.5	14.6	14.5
Migrants	5,700	2,770	2,930	25.2	25.5	25.0
Internal migrants	4,925	2,420	2,510	21.8	22.2	21.4
Intraprovincial migrants	4,230	2,070	2,165	18.7	19.0	18.5
Interprovincial migrants	700	350	345	3.1	3.2	2.9
External migrants	765	350	420	3.4	3.2	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,110	9,580	10,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,060	1,060	995	10.2	11.1	9.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,050	8,515	9,535	89.8	88.9	90.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,320	5,385	5,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	535	300	230	4.7	5.6	3.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,785	5,080	5,705	95.3	94.3	96.1
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,110	9,580	10,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,860	905	955	9.2	9.4	9.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,075	2,770	3,310	30.2	28.9	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,170	5,900	6,270	60.5	61.6	59.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,990	3,005	2,985	29.8	31.4	28.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,355	1,040	320	6.7	10.9	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	550	330	220	2.7	3.4	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	810	705	100	4.0	7.4	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,855	1,645	2,210	19.2	17.2	21.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	775	320	455	3.9	3.3	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,180	2,895	3,285	30.7	30.2	31.2
Bachelor's degree	3,745	1,705	2,045	18.6	17.8	19.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	590	230	360	2.9	2.4	3.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	155	80	75	0.8	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	1,435	720	715	7.1	7.5	6.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	245	160	85	1.2	1.7	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,320	5,380	5,940	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	440	230	210	3.9	4.3	3.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,895	1,430	1,460	25.6	26.6	24.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,985	3,715	4,270	70.5	69.1	71.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,730	1,870	1,860	33.0	34.8	31.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	835	660	175	7.4	12.3	2.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	340	205	130	3.0	3.8	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	495	450	45	4.4	8.4	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,415	1,015	1,405	21.3	18.9	23.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	485	200	285	4.3	3.7	4.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,255	1,845	2,415	37.6	34.3	40.7
Bachelor's degree	2,630	1,135	1,495	23.2	21.1	25.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	375	130	240	3.3	2.4	4.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	90	25	60	0.8	0.5	1.0
Master's degree	1,035	475	560	9.1	8.8	9.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	135	75	60	1.2	1.4	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,110	9,580	10,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,935	3,675	4,265	39.5	38.4	40.5
Education	1,150	265	890	5.7	2.8	8.5
13. Education	1,150	265	890	5.7	2.8	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	560	200	360	2.8	2.1	3.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	60	35	0.4	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	470	140	330	2.3	1.5	3.1
Humanities	770	220	550	3.8	2.3	5.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	110	10	100	0.5	0.1	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	175	40	135	0.9	0.4	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	250	65	180	1.2	0.7	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	70	35	40	0.3	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,485	560	925	7.4	5.8	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	50	110	0.8	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	185	15	170	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	245	90	155	1.2	0.9	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	285	60	230	1.4	0.6	2.2
45. Social sciences	575	345	235	2.9	3.6	2.2
Business, management and public administration	2,725	1,350	1,380	13.6	14.1	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	95	15	80	0.5	0.2	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,630	1,330	1,300	13.1	13.9	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	540	340	195	2.7	3.5	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	230	125	105	1.1	1.3	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	105	55	50	0.5	0.6	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	175	150	25	0.9	1.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	375	185	190	1.9	1.9	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	295	150	150	1.5	1.6	1.4
25. Library science	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,170	1,985	190	10.8	20.7	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	125	80	45	0.6	0.8	0.4
14. Engineering	590	500	85	2.9	5.2	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	515	490	30	2.6	5.1	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	450	440	10	2.2	4.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	300	290	10	1.5	3.0	0.1
48. Precision production	190	190	0	0.9	2.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	195	85	105	1.0	0.9	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	45	75	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	75	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	1,545	310	1,240	7.7	3.2	11.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	85	70	0.8	0.9	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,340	190	1,150	6.7	2.0	10.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	650	405	245	3.2	4.2	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	315	105	215	1.6	1.1	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	80	80	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
49. Transportation and materials moving	240	215	25	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,320	5,380	5,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,335	1,665	1,665	29.5	30.9	28.1
Education	645	150	495	5.7	2.8	8.3
13. Education	645	150	495	5.7	2.8	8.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	380	125	255	3.4	2.3	4.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
50. Visual and performing arts	330	95	230	2.9	1.8	3.9
Humanities	525	130	395	4.6	2.4	6.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	0	70	0.6	0.0	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	140	30	110	1.2	0.6	1.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	40	135	1.5	0.7	2.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
54. History	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,095	390	705	9.7	7.2	11.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	45	95	1.3	0.8	1.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	105	0	95	0.9	0.0	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	200	55	145	1.8	1.0	2.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	195	35	160	1.7	0.7	2.7
45. Social sciences	430	240	190	3.8	4.5	3.2
Business, management and public administration	1,860	895	965	16.4	16.6	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	50	10	45	0.4	0.2	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,810	885	925	16.0	16.4	15.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	285	170	115	2.5	3.2	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	120	65	60	1.1	1.2	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	30	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	80	70	15	0.7	1.3	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	315	155	160	2.8	2.9	2.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	135	125	2.3	2.5	2.1
25. Library science	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,350	1,185	165	11.9	22.0	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	75	40	40	0.7	0.7	0.7
14. Engineering	365	285	80	3.2	5.3	1.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	275	250	25	2.4	4.6	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	310	305	10	2.7	5.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	200	195	10	1.8	3.6	0.2
48. Precision production	115	115	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	145	60	85	1.3	1.1	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	75	20	50	0.7	0.4	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	45	30	0.6	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	955	185	770	8.4	3.4	13.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	115	70	45	1.0	1.3	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	820	105	715	7.2	2.0	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	425	270	160	3.8	5.0	2.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	220	75	145	1.9	1.4	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	60	55	10	0.5	1.0	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	145	130	10	1.3	2.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,320	5,380	5,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,335	1,665	1,665	29.5	30.9	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,990	3,720	4,270	70.6	69.1	71.9
Location of study inside Canada	6,245	2,930	3,315	55.2	54.5	55.9
Same as province or territory of residence	5,085	2,375	2,710	44.9	44.1	45.7
Different than province or territory of residence	1,160	555	605	10.2	10.3	10.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,745	785	955	15.4	14.6	16.1
Americas	390	185	205	3.4	3.4	3.5
United States of America	325	155	170	2.9	2.9	2.9
Mexico	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Europe	570	310	255	5.0	5.8	4.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Germany	45	35	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Switzerland	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	20	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Russian Federation	35	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	35	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	285	150	135	2.5	2.8	2.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Africa	55	25	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	670	240	425	5.9	4.5	7.2
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	325	120	205	2.9	2.2	3.5
Taiwan	40	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japan	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	40	0.4	0.2	0.7
Philippines	85	20	60	0.8	0.4	1.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pakistan	20	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Oceania	70	25	45	0.6	0.5	0.8
Australia	55	20	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	20,110	9,580	10,530	...	...	...
In the labour force	11,895	6,130	5,755	...	...	...
Employed	11,000	5,725	5,280	...	...	...
Unemployed	895	410	480	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,215	3,440	4,775	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.1	64.0	54.7	59.1	64.0	54.7
Employment rate	54.7	59.8	50.1	54.7	59.8	50.1
Unemployment rate	7.5	6.7	8.3	7.5	6.7	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	20,110	9,580	10,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,185	3,415	4,775	40.7	35.6	45.3
Worked	11,925	6,170	5,755	59.3	64.4	54.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,365	3,675	2,690	31.7	38.4	25.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,555	2,490	3,065	27.6	26.0	29.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.7	40.2	41.5	42.7	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,890	6,135	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	115	130	2.1	1.9	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,650	6,020	5,630	98.0	98.1	97.7
Employee	9,310	4,595	4,715	78.3	74.9	81.9
Permanent position	7,775	3,915	3,860	65.4	63.8	67.0
Temporary position	1,535	680	855	12.9	11.1	14.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	390	180	215	3.3	2.9	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,140	500	640	9.6	8.1	11.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,335	1,420	915	19.6	23.1	15.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,890	6,135	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	115	130	2.1	1.9	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,650	6,020	5,630	98.0	98.1	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	355	285	70	3.0	4.6	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,355	710	1,645	19.8	11.6	28.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	910	700	210	7.7	11.4	3.6
3 Health occupations	675	115	560	5.7	1.9	9.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,615	585	1,025	13.6	9.5	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	525	280	250	4.4	4.6	4.3
6 Sales and service occupations	2,800	1,210	1,595	23.5	19.7	27.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,935	1,750	185	16.3	28.5	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	260	210	50	2.2	3.4	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	220	170	45	1.9	2.8	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,890	6,135	5,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	245	115	130	2.1	1.9	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	11,650	6,020	5,630	98.0	98.1	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	90	55	35	0.8	0.9	0.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	40	35	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
22 Utilities	65	40	25	0.5	0.7	0.4
23 Construction	980	815	165	8.2	13.3	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	595	420	180	5.0	6.8	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	400	265	135	3.4	4.3	2.3
44-45 Retail trade	1,335	630	705	11.2	10.3	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	880	650	225	7.4	10.6	3.9
51 Information and cultural industries	305	200	105	2.6	3.3	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	605	265	340	5.1	4.3	5.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	335	175	165	2.8	2.9	2.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,300	705	595	10.9	11.5	10.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	15	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	440	275	165	3.7	4.5	2.9
61 Educational services	1,100	320	785	9.3	5.2	13.6
62 Health care and social assistance	1,100	210	885	9.3	3.4	15.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	340	200	145	2.9	3.3	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	560	170	385	4.7	2.8	6.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	420	160	265	3.5	2.6	4.6
91 Public administration	725	410	315	6.1	6.7	5.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,830	6,560	6,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,250	6,305	5,950	95.5	96.1	94.8
French	35	0	30	0.3	0.0	0.5
Non-official language	95	50	40	0.7	0.8	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	50	40	0.7	0.8	0.6
English and French	130	55	75	1.0	0.8	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	300	135	160	2.3	2.1	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,830	6,560	6,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	12,730	6,525	6,210	99.2	99.5	99.0
Official languages	12,575	6,455	6,125	98.0	98.4	97.6
English	12,515	6,445	6,075	97.5	98.2	96.8
French	60	10	50	0.5	0.2	0.8
Non-official languages	155	70	85	1.2	1.1	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	155	70	85	1.2	1.1	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	50	55	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	105	50	55	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	40	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	105	35	65	0.8	0.5	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	90	35	55	0.7	0.5	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,830	6,560	6,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,470	6,390	6,085	97.2	97.4	97.0
English	70	20	50	0.5	0.3	0.8
French	100	45	55	0.8	0.7	0.9
Non-official language	150	85	60	1.2	1.3	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	150	85	60	1.2	1.3	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,000	5,725	5,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,050	1,480	1,575	27.7	25.9	29.9
Worked outside Canada	40	25	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
No fixed workplace address	1,400	1,060	345	12.7	18.5	6.5
Usual place of work	6,510	3,160	3,350	59.2	55.2	63.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	6,510	3,160	3,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,180	1,300	1,875	48.8	41.1	56.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,255	1,820	1,435	50.0	57.6	42.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	65	35	35	1.0	1.1	1.0
Commute to a different province or territory	10	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	7,910	4,220	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	6,735	3,695	3,035	85.1	87.6	82.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,260	3,505	2,755	79.1	83.1	74.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	470	190	285	5.9	4.5	7.7
Public transit	340	175	160	4.3	4.1	4.3
Walked	445	140	305	5.6	3.3	8.3
Bicycle	160	100	55	2.0	2.4	1.5
Other method	235	105	130	3.0	2.5	3.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	7,910	4,220	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,595	995	1,605	32.8	23.6	43.5
15 to 29 minutes	2,040	1,160	880	25.8	27.5	23.8
30 to 44 minutes	2,075	1,265	810	26.2	30.0	22.0
45 to 59 minutes	815	555	265	10.3	13.2	7.2
60 minutes and over	385	250	130	4.9	5.9	3.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	7,910	4,220	3,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	505	390	115	6.4	9.2	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,380	960	420	17.4	22.7	11.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,940	1,045	895	24.5	24.8	24.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,665	690	970	21.0	16.4	26.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,325	535	790	16.8	12.7	21.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,100	595	505	13.9	14.1	13.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,300	2,235	2,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	365	170	200	8.5	7.6	9.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,935	2,065	1,875	91.5	92.4	90.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,340	1,735	1,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	305	135	170	9.1	7.8	10.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160	70	95	4.8	4.0	5.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	145	65	70	4.3	3.7	4.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,035	1,590	1,445	90.9	91.6	89.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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