Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vancouver, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision] Remove Vancouver, City (CY), Census subdivision	59150611More information: British Columbia [Dissemination area] Remove 59150611, Dissemination area	British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove British Columbia, Province
	Counts	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	662,248	689	5,000,879
Population, 2016¹	631,486	...	4,648,055
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.9	...	7.6
Total private dwellings²	328,347	336	2,211,694
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	305,336	305	2,041,834
Population density per square kilometre	5,749.9	8,948.1	5.4
Land area in square kilometres	115.18	0.08	920,686.55
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	662,250	690	5,000,880
0 to 14 years	70,570	95	716,900
0 to 4 years	23,840	40	216,825
5 to 9 years	23,070	35	244,290
10 to 14 years	23,660	25	255,790
15 to 64 years	478,960	510	3,267,620
15 to 19 years	26,315	10	253,690
20 to 24 years	43,290	65	294,650
25 to 29 years	67,155	95	337,090
30 to 34 years	69,225	90	358,585
35 to 39 years	57,330	65	353,350
40 to 44 years	45,075	40	319,740
45 to 49 years	42,045	35	310,035
50 to 54 years	44,840	40	329,005
55 to 59 years	44,360	35	356,345
60 to 64 years	39,320	45	355,130
65 years and over	112,720	80	1,016,365
65 to 69 years	34,590	25	319,405
70 to 74 years	30,055	20	272,365
75 to 79 years	18,520	15	181,075
80 to 84 years	13,865	5	121,055
85 years and over	15,695	10	122,465
85 to 89 years	9,425	5	74,315
90 to 94 years	4,685	0	36,840
95 to 99 years	1,350	5	9,790
100 years and over	235	0	1,515
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.7	13.8	14.3
15 to 64 years	72.3	73.9	65.3
65 years and over	17.0	11.6	20.3
85 years and over	2.4	1.4	2.4
Average age of the population	42.2	38.4	43.1
Median age of the population	39.6	34.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	305,335	305	2,041,835
Single-detached house	44,750	25	866,340
Semi-detached house	4,800	30	62,890
Row house	10,815	0	168,590
Apartment or flat in a duplex	54,305	70	249,835
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	95,120	185	417,475
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	94,815	0	221,845
Other single-attached house	695	0	3,760
Movable dwelling⁴	20	0	51,100
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	305,335	305	2,041,835
1 person	119,805	95	600,705
2 persons	100,730	125	719,865
3 persons	38,600	40	296,200
4 persons	29,140	35	256,700
5 or more persons	17,060	20	168,355
Number of persons in private households	650,380	690	4,915,945
Average household size	2.1	2.3	2.4
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	591,675	595	4,283,980
Married or living common-law	298,085	310	2,464,130
Married	230,735	210	2,036,165
Living common-law	67,350	100	427,970
Living common law - Never married	57,990	95	313,560
Living common law - Separated	1,120	0	17,220
Living common law - Divorced	7,740	5	87,370
Living common law - Widowed	500	0	9,815
Not married and not living common-law	293,585	280	1,819,845
Not married and not living common law - Never married	218,140	225	1,202,625
Not married and not living common law - Separated	13,790	5	110,710
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	37,675	30	283,035
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	23,985	10	223,475
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	168,660	170	1,399,405
2 persons	96,975	100	763,875
3 persons	35,905	25	290,335
4 persons	28,165	35	255,295
5 or more persons	7,615	10	89,900
Average size of census families	2.7	2.8	2.8
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	1.8	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	168,660	170	1,399,405
Total couple families	142,595	155	1,190,930
Married couples	108,925	100	977,010
With children⁶	58,130	60	496,240
Without children	50,790	45	480,770
Common-law couples	33,675	50	213,925
With children⁶	5,370	10	64,570
Without children	28,305	40	149,355
Total one-parent families	26,060	15	208,475
in which the parent is a woman+	21,285	10	161,820
in which the parent is a man+	4,780	5	46,655
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	650,380	690	4,915,945
Total - Persons in census families	454,055	475	3,897,915
Married spouses or common-law partners	285,190	310	2,381,865
Parents in one-parent families	26,065	20	208,475
Children⁶	142,800	150	1,307,575
In a two-parent family	106,565	130	1,001,235
In a one-parent family	36,235	20	306,340
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	196,325	215	1,018,030
Living alone	119,805	90	600,705
Living with other relatives⁷	19,650	10	139,900
Living with non-relatives only	56,870	110	277,425
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	305,335	305	2,041,830
One-census-family households without additional persons	142,375	160	1,157,520
Couple-family households	122,210	145	1,002,775
With children⁶	53,125	65	463,945
Without children	69,085	80	538,825
One-parent-family households	20,160	15	154,745
Multigenerational households⁸	8,260	0	75,700
Multiple-census-family households⁹	2,030	0	20,325
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	9,045	5	79,015
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	23,825	45	108,570
One-person households	119,805	95	600,705
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	580,010	590	4,200,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	563,730	580	4,076,345
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	45,600	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	564,040	580	4,078,810
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	508,185	555	3,655,710
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	42,800	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	415,915	470	2,886,365
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	39,200	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	454,870	455	3,377,800
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	6,160	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,505	40	370,345
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	3,920	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	170,155	175	1,106,935
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,200	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	580,010	595	4,200,425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	563,600	590	4,075,270
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,250	74,400	54,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	563,910	590	4,077,810
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,080	58,600	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	508,140	570	3,654,285
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,150	71,200	50,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	415,915	515	2,886,325
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,700	65,600	50,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	454,215	425	3,374,170
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,940	8,320	11,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,585	50	368,410
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,410	5,200	6,540
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	169,180	185	1,102,145
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,610	8,600	9,110
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	580,010	595	4,200,420
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	192,635	215	1,301,410
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	78,500	65,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,200	93,000	77,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	173,660	260	1,195,830
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	24,800	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,400	50,000	30,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.2	92.0	83.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.6	77.0	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.9	8.1	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6	4.3	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.7	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	580,010	595	4,200,500
Without total income	16,285	10	124,155
With total income	563,730	585	4,076,350
Under $10,000 (including loss)	55,370	55	385,230
$10,000 to $19,999	61,180	55	474,245
$20,000 to $29,999	86,405	85	627,895
$30,000 to $39,999	67,875	60	515,780
$40,000 to $49,999	55,555	50	442,130
$50,000 to $59,999	46,055	55	363,335
$60,000 to $69,999	37,150	25	284,130
$70,000 to $79,999	30,195	40	221,755
$80,000 to $89,999	24,045	25	172,110
$90,000 to $99,999	19,545	25	136,185
$100,000 and over	80,345	105	453,550
$100,000 to $149,999	46,155	45	297,440
$150,000 and over	34,195	55	156,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	580,010	595	4,200,500
Without after-tax income	15,975	10	121,690
With after-tax income	564,035	585	4,078,810
Under $10,000 (including loss)	57,995	60	402,375
$10,000 to $19,999	63,245	65	490,875
$20,000 to $29,999	97,585	95	705,795
$30,000 to $39,999	77,280	75	593,485
$40,000 to $49,999	63,640	55	502,775
$50,000 to $59,999	50,160	55	387,850
$60,000 to $69,999	38,210	35	283,825
$70,000 to $79,999	29,320	50	207,535
$80,000 to $89,999	21,470	25	150,155
$90,000 to $99,999	14,965	15	99,015
$100,000 and over	50,165	70	255,125
$100,000 to $124,999	21,515	20	127,025
$125,000 and over	28,645	45	128,100
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	580,010	595	4,200,500
Without employment income	164,095	115	1,314,135
With employment income	415,915	475	2,886,365
Under $5,000 (including loss)	51,110	70	397,640
$5,000 to $9,999	33,650	45	234,130
$10,000 to $19,999	48,115	60	339,265
$20,000 to $29,999	36,415	40	266,065
$30,000 to $39,999	34,295	35	257,235
$40,000 to $49,999	34,220	25	247,550
$50,000 to $59,999	32,385	30	230,030
$60,000 to $69,999	27,390	25	190,470
$70,000 to $79,999	22,615	25	154,990
$80,000 to $89,999	19,180	25	128,265
$90,000 to $99,999	15,870	20	105,855
$100,000 and over	60,670	80	334,875
$100,000 to $124,999	23,930	30	154,515
$125,000 and over	36,740	55	180,360
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	580,010	590	4,200,500
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	545,310	560	3,960,225
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	546,235	560	3,968,465
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,400	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	499,605	530	3,614,710
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,600	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	418,280	440	2,972,225
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	42,800	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	356,615	345	2,715,540
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,680	970	5,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25,265	15	258,710
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	x	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	580,010	595	4,200,425
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	544,950	565	3,959,300
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,550	70,800	52,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	545,825	565	3,967,440
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,800	55,600	43,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	499,235	555	3,612,845
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,450	69,200	51,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	418,215	475	2,971,405
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,800	65,200	49,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	356,225	320	2,711,365
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,420	4,740	8,330
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,615	20	258,380
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,390	7,200	7,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	580,010	595	4,200,420
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	189,135	200	1,288,260
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	74,500	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,600	92,000	72,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	162,990	240	1,128,665
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	32,400	25,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,840	49,600	36,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0	96.0	89.0
Employment income (%)	73.2	77.5	70.4
Government transfers (%)	7.0	3.8	10.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.4	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	305,335	305	2,041,835
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	94,000	85,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	82,000	76,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	119,805	95	600,705
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	47,600	43,200
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	42,000	39,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	185,530	215	1,441,130
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,000	117,000	108,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	103,000	95,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	305,335	310	2,041,835
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,900	143,000	108,600
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,500	113,000	91,100
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	119,745	85	600,425
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,300	88,000	55,600
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	67,000	46,680
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	185,595	220	1,441,410
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,200	166,000	130,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,200	131,000	109,600
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	305,335	305	2,041,835
Under $5,000	7,260	0	30,080
$5,000 to $9,999	2,990	0	13,160
$10,000 to $14,999	4,025	5	19,290
$15,000 to $19,999	8,210	5	41,735
$20,000 to $24,999	14,595	5	82,340
$25,000 to $29,999	10,570	15	63,830
$30,000 to $34,999	10,515	10	64,895
$35,000 to $39,999	11,620	10	75,105
$40,000 to $44,999	10,450	10	73,975
$45,000 to $49,999	10,315	10	73,180
$50,000 to $59,999	20,760	20	144,895
$60,000 to $69,999	19,740	15	139,140
$70,000 to $79,999	18,775	20	131,840
$80,000 to $89,999	17,225	20	122,530
$90,000 to $99,999	15,485	15	112,775
$100,000 and over	122,810	140	853,065
$100,000 to $124,999	31,225	30	235,680
$125,000 to $149,999	23,270	20	178,970
$150,000 to $199,999	29,850	30	221,175
$200,000 and over	38,465	60	217,240
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	305,335	305	2,041,835
Under $5,000	8,305	0	34,265
$5,000 to $9,999	3,055	0	13,550
$10,000 to $14,999	4,095	0	19,930
$15,000 to $19,999	8,565	5	43,390
$20,000 to $24,999	15,495	10	86,585
$25,000 to $29,999	12,065	15	72,515
$30,000 to $34,999	12,080	15	74,810
$35,000 to $39,999	13,130	15	85,940
$40,000 to $44,999	12,385	10	85,575
$45,000 to $49,999	12,390	10	85,000
$50,000 to $59,999	24,430	25	168,315
$60,000 to $69,999	22,815	20	160,070
$70,000 to $79,999	20,975	20	149,385
$80,000 to $89,999	18,315	20	136,615
$90,000 to $99,999	15,955	15	121,890
$100,000 and over	101,285	125	704,010
$100,000 to $124,999	31,545	30	243,560
$125,000 to $149,999	22,240	25	167,850
$150,000 and over	47,500	70	292,600
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	167,155	175	1,364,485
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	119,000	107,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	104,000	95,000
Average family size of economic families	2.8	2.8	3.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	72,300	80	562,590
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	108,000	93,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	94,000	83,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	63,570	65	561,965
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	186,000	138,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	146,000	120,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	4.0	4.0
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	23,830	15	188,585
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	x	70,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	x	65,000
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	2.2	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	176,675	200	878,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	40,800	39,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	37,200	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	167,290	180	1,363,860
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,000	182,000	130,400
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,400	142,000	108,900
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	72,225	90	561,775
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	142,000	115,100
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,400	114,000	96,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	63,625	80	563,000
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	189,800	240,000	161,800
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,600	180,000	133,800
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	23,690	0	186,930
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	91,300	...	83,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	x	73,100
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	176,080	200	875,470
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	55,850	61,200	50,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,080	49,200	42,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	650,380	685	4,915,940
0 to 17 years	85,590	100	866,210
0 to 5 years	28,350	45	264,100
18 to 64 years	457,950	505	3,085,015
65 years and over	106,840	80	964,710
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	86,125	65	528,870
0 to 17 years	11,150	10	98,830
0 to 5 years	3,325	5	29,460
18 to 64 years	55,890	45	297,960
65 years and over	19,085	10	132,075
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	13.2	9.6	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	13.0	8.0	11.4
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7	12.0	11.2
18 to 64 years (%)	12.2	8.8	9.7
65 years and over (%)	17.9	14.0	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	650,380	690	4,825,465
0 to 17 years	85,590	105	848,955
0 to 5 years	28,345	45	259,060
18 to 64 years	457,945	505	3,033,655
65 years and over	106,845	85	942,860
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	65,275	70	279,035
0 to 17 years	7,110	5	44,480
0 to 5 years	1,960	5	11,690
18 to 64 years	49,925	60	201,000
65 years and over	8,240	0	33,555
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.0	10.0	5.8
0 to 17 years (%)	8.3	8.0	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	6.9	16.0	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.9	11.6	6.6
65 years and over (%)	7.7	x	3.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	650,385	690	4,915,940
In bottom half of the distribution	303,380	305	2,300,730
In bottom decile	88,275	80	516,435
In second decile	59,770	65	444,845
In third decile	53,530	60	436,965
In fourth decile	50,535	60	442,745
In fifth decile	51,270	45	459,740
In top half of the distribution	347,000	385	2,615,210
In sixth decile	53,315	60	475,780
In seventh decile	55,165	40	494,480
In eighth decile	61,520	55	518,565
In ninth decile	70,990	60	550,860
In top decile	106,000	165	575,535
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	650,380	690	4,915,940
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.413	0.377	0.346
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.504	0.441	0.449
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.361	0.335	0.306
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	5.1	4.0
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	654,825	690	4,951,660
English only	555,235	565	4,461,290
French only	345	0	1,785
English and French	61,055	120	326,865
Neither English nor French	38,195	5	161,720
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	654,825	690	4,951,660
English	602,935	660	4,718,195
French	10,485	20	56,495
English and French	3,685	5	18,145
Neither English nor French	37,725	5	158,820
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	654,825	690	4,951,660
Single responses	619,175	660	4,761,600
Official languages	342,060	520	3,382,455
English	332,135	500	3,325,035
French	9,925	15	57,420
Non-official languages	277,105	140	1,379,145
Indigenous languages³⁹	295	0	5,490
Algonquian languages	155	0	820
Blackfoot	10	0	30
Cree-Innu languages	115	0	630
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	115	0	620
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	15
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	50
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	30	0	170
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	85
Cree, n.o.s.	70	0	305
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	15
Mi'kmaq	5	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	5
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	0	155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	0	15
Ojibway languages	20	0	135
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	30
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	100
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	35	0	1,560
Northern Athabaskan languages	35	0	1,545
Dakelh (Carrier)	20	0	615
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	90
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	70
Gwich'in	0	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	60
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	20
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	40
Tahltan languages	5	0	85
Kaska (Nahani)	5	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	80
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	10
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	35
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	10	0	460
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	5
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	5
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	110
Tlingit	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Haida	5	0	40
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	35
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	5	0	30
Michif	0	0	25
Salish languages	15	0	1,080
Halkomelem	0	0	180
Lillooet	0	0	100
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	180
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	0	265
Squamish	0	0	25
Straits	0	0	95
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	185
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	55
Siouan languages	5	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	5
Dakota	0	0	5
Stoney	0	0	5
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	45	0	1,005
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	20	0	575
Nisga'a	15	0	320
Tsimshian	10	0	115
Wakashan languages	25	0	760
Haisla	0	0	80
Heiltsuk	10	0	295
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	150
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	215
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	20
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0	25
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	70
Non-Indigenous languages	276,815	140	1,373,655
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,930	0	33,195
Berber languages	30	0	110
Kabyle	15	0	70
Tamazight	10	0	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10
Chadic languages	5	0	50
Hausa	5	0	40
Mina	5	0	10
Coptic	0	0	10
Cushitic languages	240	0	2,005
Bilen	0	0	30
Oromo	95	0	310
Somali	145	0	1,590
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	75
Semitic languages	4,655	0	31,020
Amharic	290	0	1,620
Arabic	2,965	0	22,970
Aramaic languages	85	0	1,505
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	0	580
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	0	800
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	125
Harari	5	0	15
Hebrew	1,105	0	2,260
Maltese	15	0	170
Tigrigna	190	0	2,455
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	12,140	0	34,145
Khmer (Cambodian)	230	0	1,530
Vietnamese	11,870	0	32,560
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	40	0	50
Austronesian languages	24,020	5	104,100
Bikol	110	0	425
Bisaya, n.o.s.	225	0	1,375
Cebuano	655	0	3,585
Fijian	40	0	345
Hiligaynon	570	0	1,895
Ilocano	1,840	0	6,325
Indonesian	1,085	0	4,080
Kankanaey	45	0	200
Kinaray-a	50	0	125
Malagasy languages	5	0	35
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	30
Malay	85	0	365
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	210	0	870
Pangasinan	105	0	395
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	18,675	5	82,835
Waray-Waray	65	0	300
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	250	0	945
Creole languages	100	0	925
Haitian Creole	20	0	115
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	40
Krio	5	0	35
Morisyen	35	0	375
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	180
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	0	170
Dravidian languages	3,015	0	13,260
Kannada	140	0	565
Malayalam	580	0	4,740
Tamil	1,615	0	5,055
Telugu	665	0	2,810
Tulu	15	0	70
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	25
Georgian	25	0	160
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	85
Indo-European languages	86,610	95	657,345
Albanian	170	0	1,645
Armenian	315	0	1,350
Balto-Slavic languages	14,805	10	81,655
Baltic languages	250	0	1,065
Latvian	95	0	545
Lithuanian	150	0	525
Slavic languages	14,555	10	80,590
Belarusian	15	0	70
Bulgarian	435	0	2,025
Czech	1,000	0	5,855
Macedonian	80	0	330
Polish	2,505	0	15,810
Russian	5,155	0	28,660
Rusyn	5	0	25
Serbo-Croatian	3,735	0	16,425
Bosnian	355	0	1,655
Croatian	1,120	0	6,805
Serbian	2,185	0	7,665
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80	0	300
Slovak	615	0	3,275
Slovene (Slovenian)	135	0	950
Ukrainian	865	0	7,120
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	40
Celtic languages	100	0	415
Irish	45	0	110
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	80
Welsh	40	0	200
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	30
Germanic languages	7,450	10	84,375
Frisian	10	0	200
High German languages	5,050	5	53,255
German	4,725	5	50,695
Pennsylvania German	0	0	15
Swiss German	220	0	2,330
Yiddish	100	0	215
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,530	5	23,295
Afrikaans	300	0	3,700
Dutch	1,150	5	17,345
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	235
Low Saxon	10	0	110
Plautdietsch	25	0	1,580
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	0	320
Scandinavian languages	845	0	7,530
Danish	315	0	3,625
Icelandic	35	0	215
Norwegian	150	0	1,520
Swedish	350	0	2,175
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	95
Greek	1,870	25	5,545
Indo-Iranian languages	33,155	15	368,635
Indo-Aryan languages	22,110	0	306,465
Assamese	15	0	75
Bengali	1,065	0	4,765
Gujarati	1,075	0	8,250
Hindi	4,355	0	32,390
Kacchi	185	0	1,195
Kashmiri	20	0	80
Konkani	50	0	280
Marathi	300	0	1,605
Nepali	210	0	1,725
Oriya languages	25	0	110
Odia	20	0	65
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	0	45
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,305	0	240,865
Rohingya	0	0	65
Sindhi	35	0	285
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	255	0	1,935
Urdu	1,125	0	12,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	90	0	625
Iranian languages	11,035	15	62,135
Baluchi	5	0	65
Kurdish	555	0	2,775
Parsi	15	0	155
Pashto	140	0	1,365
Persian languages	10,315	15	57,700
Dari	420	0	6,005
Iranian Persian	8,900	10	46,395
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,000	0	5,295
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	75
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	40
Italic (Romance) languages	28,740	45	113,685
Catalan	90	0	200
Italian	4,000	5	19,805
Portuguese	6,740	0	24,320
Romanian	1,150	0	8,775
Spanish	16,735	35	60,465
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	0	120
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	35
Japanese	7,150	5	22,030
Korean	8,605	10	59,935
Mongolian	160	0	435
Niger-Congo languages	580	0	4,910
Akan (Twi)	55	0	545
Bamanankan	0	0	15
Edo	0	0	75
Éwé	10	0	110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	40
Ga	10	0	50
Ganda	25	0	160
Gikuyu	5	0	70
Igbo	25	0	290
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	0	295
Lingala	5	0	90
Luba-Kasai	0	0	10
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	30
Ndebele	5	0	50
Rundi (Kirundi)	35	0	225
Shona	45	0	355
Soninke	0	0	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	65
Swahili	140	0	1,090
Wojenaka	0	0	10
Wolof	5	0	50
Yoruba	45	0	555
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	0	735
Nilo-Saharan languages	60	0	420
Dinka	5	0	105
Nuer	5	0	50
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	0	220
African, n.o.s.	10	0	45
Sign languages	95	0	1,000
American Sign Language	80	0	895
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	105
Sino-Tibetan languages	125,120	20	419,855
Chinese languages	124,730	20	417,290
Hakka	640	0	2,080
Mandarin	41,695	15	205,205
Min Dong	65	0	185
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	3,105	0	11,780
Wu (Shanghainese)	850	0	3,200
Yue (Cantonese)	77,435	0	192,140
Chinese, n.o.s.	910	0	2,560
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	30	0	135
Tibeto-Burman languages	375	0	2,485
Burmese	255	0	1,015
Kuki-Chin languages	35	0	210
Karenic languages	0	0	725
S'gaw Karen	0	0	645
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	85
Tibetan	50	0	395
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	0	140
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	75
Tai-Kadai languages	905	0	4,395
Lao	85	0	1,100
Thai	770	0	3,170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	50	0	120
Turkic languages	1,755	5	6,055
Azerbaijani	145	0	625
Kazakh	35	0	115
Turkish	1,500	5	4,765
Uyghur	30	0	240
Uzbek	10	0	150
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	35	0	165
Uralic languages	1,520	5	11,275
Estonian	90	0	575
Finnish	395	0	3,005
Hungarian	1,040	0	7,700
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	0	130
Multiple responses	35,655	25	190,055
English and French	2,870	5	17,320
English and non-official language(s)	28,165	15	150,730
French and non-official language(s)	605	0	2,395
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	0	2,960
Multiple non-official languages	3,370	5	16,645
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	654,825	690	4,951,660
English	363,455	530	3,491,395
French	2,430	0	11,050
Non-official language	92,070	35	464,235
Indigenous³⁹	45	0	645
Non-Indigenous	92,025	35	463,590
English and French	8,325	10	42,645
English and non-official language(s)	174,100	100	880,090
French and non-official language(s)	245	0	1,065
English, French and non-official language(s)	4,690	10	21,610
Multiple non-official languages	9,525	0	39,565
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	654,825	690	4,951,660
Single responses	617,450	670	4,753,615
Official languages	450,825	605	3,906,070
English	446,870	600	3,888,825
French	3,955	5	17,245
Non-official languages	166,620	70	847,550
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	0	1,215
Algonquian languages	25	0	130
Blackfoot	5	0	10
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	110
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	15	0	100
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	70
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	465
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	460
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	215
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	20
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	5
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	165
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	5	0	30
Tlingit	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Haida	0	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	5
Michif	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	250
Halkomelem	0	0	45
Lillooet	0	0	40
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	30
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	80
Squamish	0	0	5
Straits	0	0	30
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	15
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	15	0	210
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	120
Nisga'a	10	0	80
Tsimshian	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	65
Haisla	0	0	10
Heiltsuk	0	0	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	20
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	30
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	30
Non-Indigenous languages	166,565	70	846,335
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,190	0	19,805
Berber languages	20	0	40
Kabyle	10	0	30
Tamazight	0	0	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Chadic languages	5	0	10
Hausa	0	0	5
Mina	5	0	5
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	115	0	1,150
Bilen	0	0	25
Oromo	50	0	155
Somali	65	0	930
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	45
Semitic languages	2,055	0	18,605
Amharic	85	0	765
Arabic	1,275	0	13,845
Aramaic languages	60	0	1,110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25	0	390
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	35	0	600
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	120
Harari	10	0	20
Hebrew	510	0	1,030
Maltese	0	0	5
Tigrigna	120	0	1,810
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	7,885	0	21,705
Khmer (Cambodian)	105	0	780
Vietnamese	7,755	0	20,890
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	30	0	40
Austronesian languages	13,285	0	54,720
Bikol	35	0	130
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75	0	585
Cebuano	300	0	1,735
Fijian	10	0	110
Hiligaynon	305	0	865
Ilocano	980	0	3,280
Indonesian	380	0	1,375
Kankanaey	30	0	105
Kinaray-a	35	0	55
Malagasy languages	0	0	15
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	15
Malay	20	0	55
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	110	0	425
Pangasinan	35	0	130
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,835	0	45,380
Waray-Waray	35	0	115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	100	0	355
Creole languages	40	0	430
Haitian Creole	5	0	25
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	25
Krio	0	0	20
Morisyen	20	0	230
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	75
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	60
Dravidian languages	1,755	0	8,005
Kannada	35	0	240
Malayalam	310	0	2,890
Tamil	1,025	0	3,185
Telugu	370	0	1,645
Tulu	5	0	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	25
Georgian	10	0	100
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	35
Indo-European languages	41,915	45	364,340
Albanian	50	0	690
Armenian	145	0	675
Balto-Slavic languages	6,070	0	33,875
Baltic languages	50	0	225
Latvian	10	0	90
Lithuanian	40	0	135
Slavic languages	6,025	0	33,650
Belarusian	0	0	15
Bulgarian	175	0	900
Czech	340	0	1,760
Macedonian	40	0	125
Polish	720	0	5,250
Russian	2,570	0	16,090
Rusyn	5	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	1,640	0	6,745
Bosnian	140	0	720
Croatian	350	0	1,940
Serbian	1,135	0	4,010
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	0	75
Slovak	235	0	1,040
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0	85
Ukrainian	265	0	1,630
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Celtic languages	10	0	45
Irish	10	0	20
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5
Welsh	5	0	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,080	0	12,280
Frisian	5	0	10
High German languages	760	0	7,805
German	725	0	7,320
Pennsylvania German	0	0	5
Swiss German	35	0	480
Yiddish	0	0	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	195	0	3,785
Afrikaans	60	0	1,725
Dutch	130	0	1,485
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	60
Low Saxon	0	0	45
Plautdietsch	0	0	440
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	30
Scandinavian languages	120	0	670
Danish	40	0	220
Icelandic	5	0	50
Norwegian	20	0	95
Swedish	55	0	305
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Greek	745	15	1,915
Indo-Iranian languages	19,390	5	263,030
Indo-Aryan languages	12,650	0	220,735
Assamese	0	0	20
Bengali	560	0	2,720
Gujarati	400	0	4,160
Hindi	2,100	0	17,670
Kacchi	50	0	455
Kashmiri	10	0	30
Konkani	5	0	45
Marathi	115	0	780
Nepali	110	0	1,120
Oriya languages	5	0	40
Odia	5	0	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,505	0	184,065
Rohingya	0	0	60
Sindhi	15	0	130
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	115	0	940
Urdu	620	0	8,235
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	0	265
Iranian languages	6,735	0	42,285
Baluchi	0	0	40
Kurdish	340	0	1,765
Parsi	5	0	75
Pashto	90	0	900
Persian languages	6,305	0	39,475
Dari	220	0	3,690
Iranian Persian	5,550	0	32,375
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	535	0	3,405
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	14,425	25	51,830
Catalan	35	0	80
Italian	1,400	5	4,475
Portuguese	3,995	0	12,670
Romanian	385	0	3,620
Spanish	8,600	20	30,960
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	35
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5
Japanese	3,620	0	10,220
Korean	5,100	5	45,525
Mongolian	75	0	220
Niger-Congo languages	125	0	1,485
Akan (Twi)	10	0	165
Bamanankan	0	0	5
Edo	0	0	10
Éwé	5	0	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	15
Ga	0	0	15
Ganda	5	0	30
Gikuyu	0	0	10
Igbo	5	0	85
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	105
Lingala	0	0	25
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	0	130
Shona	5	0	65
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	5
Swahili	40	0	375
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	15
Yoruba	10	0	160
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	210
Nilo-Saharan languages	25	0	155
Dinka	0	0	30
Nuer	0	0	20
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	90
African, n.o.s.	5	0	20
Sign languages	165	0	1,720
American Sign Language	125	0	1,390
Quebec Sign Language	5	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	0	325
Sino-Tibetan languages	88,935	10	310,860
Chinese languages	88,715	10	309,165
Hakka	210	0	605
Mandarin	30,925	10	162,130
Min Dong	40	0	95
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,525	0	6,285
Wu (Shanghainese)	485	0	2,010
Yue (Cantonese)	54,920	0	136,525
Chinese, n.o.s.	610	0	1,455
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	0	60
Tibeto-Burman languages	210	0	1,665
Burmese	150	0	670
Kuki-Chin languages	20	0	170
Karenic languages	0	0	530
S'gaw Karen	0	0	475
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	50
Tibetan	20	0	240
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	60
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	35
Tai-Kadai languages	330	0	1,570
Lao	20	0	500
Thai	280	0	1,010
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	0	60
Turkic languages	765	0	3,030
Azerbaijani	70	0	295
Kazakh	0	0	15
Turkish	685	0	2,500
Uyghur	10	0	125
Uzbek	0	0	65
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	40
Uralic languages	320	0	2,375
Estonian	10	0	65
Finnish	95	0	500
Hungarian	220	0	1,815
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	20
Multiple responses	37,380	15	198,040
English and French	1,595	5	7,210
English and non-official language(s)	34,170	10	183,010
French and non-official language(s)	105	0	535
English, French and non-official language(s)	315	0	1,525
Multiple non-official languages	1,205	0	5,760
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	654,830	690	4,951,660
None	488,985	580	4,130,200
English	57,925	30	304,845
French	6,335	5	34,575
Non-official language	80,100	60	379,250
Indigenous³⁹	245	0	5,140
Non-Indigenous	79,850	60	374,105
English and French	515	5	2,740
English and non-official language(s)	9,025	5	46,940
French and non-official language(s)	2,720	5	11,880
English, French and non-official language(s)	150	0	655
Multiple non-official languages	9,075	0	40,580
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	650,385	710	4,915,940
Official languages	612,560	705	4,754,865
English	612,215	705	4,753,275
French	60,990	130	327,350
Non-official languages	355,425	230	1,780,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	595	0	16,560
Algonquian languages	235	0	1,985
Blackfoot	0	0	60
Cree-Innu languages	155	0	1,450
Atikamekw	0	0	15
Cree languages	155	0	1,425
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	0	95
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	65	0	435
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	0	160
Cree, n.o.s.	60	0	745
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	10
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	65
Mi'kmaq	0	0	60
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	10
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	70	0	440
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	25
Ojibway languages	55	0	400
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	80
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	50
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35	0	275
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages	90	0	3,540
Northern Athabaskan languages	75	0	3,490
Dakelh (Carrier)	35	0	1,530
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	205
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	205
Gwich'in	0	0	15
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	85
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	25
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	235
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	20
Tahltan	0	0	220
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	15
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	135
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	855
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	25
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	15
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	15	0	245
Tlingit	10	0	35
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	20
Haida	25	0	225
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	205
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	35
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	30
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	175
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10
Iroquoian languages	30	0	100
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	30	0	90
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	190
Michif	20	0	240
Salish languages	60	0	5,145
Halkomelem	0	0	1,400
Lillooet	10	0	590
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	465
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	15	0	1,060
Squamish	10	0	345
Straits	0	0	315
Syilx (Okanagan)	20	0	690
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	325
Siouan languages	10	0	100
Assiniboine	0	0	15
Dakota	0	0	30
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	50
Tsimshian languages	55	0	2,610
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	1,120
Nisga'a	30	0	1,080
Tsimshian	25	0	455
Wakashan languages	55	0	2,145
Haisla	0	0	285
Heiltsuk	20	0	330
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	20	0	790
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	685
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	45
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	0	355
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	285
Non-Indigenous languages	354,885	230	1,764,475
Afro-Asiatic languages	8,650	10	50,895
Berber languages	40	0	235
Kabyle	35	0	140
Tamazight	0	0	65
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	35
Chadic languages	35	0	315
Hausa	25	0	285
Mina	0	0	25
Coptic	0	0	60
Cushitic languages	385	0	2,745
Bilen	0	0	30
Oromo	145	0	500
Somali	240	0	2,215
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	50
Semitic languages	8,300	10	48,405
Amharic	470	0	3,100
Arabic	4,900	10	35,595
Aramaic languages	70	0	2,270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	15	0	895
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	45	0	1,050
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	380
Harari	0	0	20
Hebrew	2,815	0	6,995
Maltese	20	0	270
Tigrigna	305	0	3,435
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	60
Austro-Asiatic languages	15,195	0	44,030
Khmer (Cambodian)	325	0	2,210
Vietnamese	14,905	0	41,975
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	65
Austronesian languages	33,950	15	148,455
Bikol	170	0	810
Bisaya, n.o.s.	245	0	1,655
Cebuano	1,060	0	5,995
Fijian	160	0	1,020
Hiligaynon	885	0	3,135
Ilocano	3,295	0	11,285
Indonesian	1,805	0	6,810
Kankanaey	75	0	330
Kinaray-a	70	0	200
Malagasy languages	15	0	100
Merina	0	0	20
Malagasy, n.o.s.	10	0	85
Malay	815	0	3,485
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	300	0	1,550
Pangasinan	230	0	925
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	30,430	15	133,780
Waray-Waray	160	0	865
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	680	0	3,590
Creole languages	320	0	3,230
Haitian Creole	65	0	470
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	265
Krio	0	0	160
Morisyen	50	0	1,070
Sango	0	0	15
Creole, n.o.s.	100	0	835
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	0	555
Dravidian languages	4,730	0	20,585
Kannada	330	0	1,615
Malayalam	965	0	6,765
Tamil	2,670	0	9,740
Telugu	1,110	0	4,860
Tulu	50	0	205
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	45
Georgian	40	0	240
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	160
Indo-European languages	129,460	175	906,560
Albanian	225	0	2,195
Armenian	355	0	1,600
Balto-Slavic languages	18,335	0	101,395
Baltic languages	295	0	1,480
Latvian	130	0	730
Lithuanian	165	0	750
Slavic languages	18,105	0	100,340
Belarusian	55	0	330
Bulgarian	510	0	2,475
Czech	1,435	0	7,935
Macedonian	105	0	505
Polish	3,085	0	19,640
Russian	7,620	0	42,390
Rusyn	0	0	45
Serbo-Croatian	4,660	0	21,625
Bosnian	875	0	3,150
Croatian	2,010	0	11,060
Serbian	2,975	0	11,070
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	140	0	480
Slovak	825	0	4,315
Slovene (Slovenian)	205	0	1,280
Ukrainian	1,945	0	12,205
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	70
Celtic languages	1,255	0	2,675
Irish	1,035	0	1,665
Scottish Gaelic	35	0	260
Welsh	130	0	610
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	50	0	160
Germanic languages	15,535	25	128,605
Frisian	25	0	375
High German languages	11,430	15	86,275
German	11,050	15	84,325
Pennsylvania German	0	0	25
Swiss German	330	0	3,030
Yiddish	240	0	480
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,895	0	34,480
Afrikaans	1,015	0	9,755
Dutch	1,860	0	22,380
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	345
Low Saxon	0	0	55
Plautdietsch	30	0	2,180
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	0	405
Scandinavian languages	1,805	0	12,425
Danish	565	0	4,950
Icelandic	40	0	330
Norwegian	405	0	3,125
Swedish	910	0	4,730
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	35	0	210
Greek	3,055	45	9,005
Indo-Iranian languages	45,935	0	477,485
Indo-Aryan languages	33,070	0	406,375
Assamese	15	0	100
Bengali	1,675	0	6,565
Gujarati	1,840	0	14,340
Hindi	15,025	0	134,950
Kacchi	405	0	2,925
Kashmiri	20	0	185
Konkani	150	0	775
Marathi	665	0	3,555
Nepali	325	0	2,445
Oriya languages	50	0	180
Odia	30	0	95
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	85
Punjabi (Panjabi)	19,130	0	315,000
Rohingya	0	0	55
Sindhi	75	0	645
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	610	0	3,440
Urdu	2,515	0	25,780
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	250	0	1,645
Iranian languages	13,100	0	73,745
Baluchi	0	0	155
Kurdish	800	0	3,875
Parsi	50	0	290
Pashto	230	0	2,645
Persian languages	12,330	0	68,960
Dari	575	0	8,235
Iranian Persian	10,805	0	55,745
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,050	0	5,780
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	200
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	0	210
Italic (Romance) languages	50,560	105	211,725
Catalan	280	0	565
Italian	7,740	10	36,370
Portuguese	8,715	10	33,005
Romanian	1,475	0	11,210
Spanish	36,500	100	143,900
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	95	0	655
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	100	0	320
Japanese	12,075	0	41,835
Korean	10,480	10	69,935
Mongolian	210	0	565
Niger-Congo languages	1,395	0	13,290
Akan (Twi)	90	0	1,365
Bamanankan	10	0	65
Edo	0	0	175
Éwé	40	0	290
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	85
Ga	15	0	215
Ganda	75	0	415
Gikuyu	0	0	130
Igbo	70	0	980
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	0	605
Lingala	25	0	475
Luba-Kasai	0	0	60
Mòoré	0	0	15
Mwani	0	0	10
Ndebele	20	0	190
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	0	335
Shona	90	0	725
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	0	105
Swahili	610	0	5,205
Wojenaka	0	0	25
Wolof	30	0	165
Yoruba	150	0	1,815
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	220	0	2,275
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	0	670
Dinka	15	0	115
Nuer	0	0	60
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	80	0	490
African, n.o.s.	35	0	130
Sign languages	775	0	7,965
American Sign Language	700	0	7,020
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	105	0	1,105
Sino-Tibetan languages	148,095	20	491,660
Chinese languages	147,655	20	488,465
Hakka	970	0	3,615
Mandarin	74,695	20	312,625
Min Dong	65	0	215
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5,810	0	24,065
Wu (Shanghainese)	1,270	0	4,760
Yue (Cantonese)	96,965	0	246,045
Chinese, n.o.s.	740	0	2,215
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	50	0	255
Tibeto-Burman languages	530	0	3,375
Burmese	365	0	1,730
Kuki-Chin languages	60	0	295
Karenic languages	0	0	770
S'gaw Karen	0	0	705
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	85
Tibetan	85	0	590
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	50	0	275
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	25	0	215
Tai-Kadai languages	1,545	0	6,725
Lao	150	0	1,635
Thai	1,380	0	5,310
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	50	0	170
Turkic languages	2,785	0	10,910
Azerbaijani	370	0	1,665
Kazakh	65	0	230
Turkish	2,500	0	9,230
Uyghur	15	0	235
Uzbek	40	0	275
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	50	0	295
Uralic languages	1,805	0	13,510
Estonian	140	0	695
Finnish	385	0	3,635
Hungarian	1,285	0	9,230
Other languages, n.i.e.	85	0	585
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	650,380	715	4,915,945
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	14,660	0	290,210
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	13,940	0	279,670
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,335	0	180,085
Métis	4,465	0	97,860
Inuk (Inuit)	140	0	1,720
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	380	0	5,980
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	335	0	4,560
Non-Indigenous identity	635,720	710	4,625,735
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	650,380	715	4,915,945
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	7,005	0	136,875
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	643,375	715	4,779,065
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	305,335	310	2,041,835
Owner	138,845	130	1,363,190
Renter	166,490	185	669,450
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0	9,190
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	305,335	310	2,041,835
Condominium	112,105	60	482,755
Not condominium	193,235	245	1,559,075
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	305,335	310	2,041,835
No bedrooms	13,860	0	30,855
1 bedroom	111,060	80	354,020
2 bedrooms	84,935	90	569,180
3 bedrooms	42,445	90	539,910
4 or more bedrooms	53,045	50	547,870
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	305,335	310	2,041,835
1 to 4 rooms	187,470	140	766,380
5 rooms	37,350	50	300,895
6 rooms	22,780	30	248,045
7 rooms	16,460	40	205,105
8 or more rooms	41,275	40	521,410
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	5.2	5.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	305,335	310	2,041,835
One person or fewer per room	295,970	300	1,984,655
More than one person per room	9,370	0	57,180
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	305,335	310	2,041,835
Suitable	281,445	300	1,919,140
Not suitable	23,890	10	122,700
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	305,335	310	2,041,835
1960 or before	62,225	195	256,175
1961 to 1980	69,110	20	550,690
1981 to 1990	35,990	10	289,940
1991 to 2000	47,170	40	336,315
2001 to 2005	19,415	20	122,855
2006 to 2010	22,755	10	164,165
2011 to 2015	20,935	0	135,725
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	27,740	0	185,965
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	305,335	310	2,041,835
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	286,035	275	1,922,640
Major repairs needed	19,300	30	119,195
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	305,335	310	2,041,835
One-maintainer household	171,540	135	1,003,245
Two-maintainer household	115,355	145	904,960
Three-or-more-maintainer household	18,440	20	133,630
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	305,335	310	2,041,835
15 to 24 years	11,910	20	57,980
25 to 34 years	65,870	90	282,195
35 to 44 years	56,605	75	343,380
45 to 54 years	51,270	50	354,340
55 to 64 years	50,645	35	407,735
65 to 74 years	40,465	20	347,335
75 to 84 years	19,715	15	182,155
85 years and over	8,870	10	66,710
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	303,725	305	1,988,210
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	202,070	225	1,481,365
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	101,655	85	506,850
30% to less than 100%	82,575	65	434,390
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	305,335	305	2,041,830
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	131,005	120	683,985
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	89,520	75	451,550
Not suitable only	16,295	0	89,300
Major repairs needed only	11,715	25	80,200
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	5,895	0	23,945
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	5,880	10	29,585
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,345	0	7,640
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	360	0	1,770
Acceptable housing	174,335	190	1,357,845
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	284,650	285	1,915,755
In core need	54,210	15	257,090
Not in core need	230,435	270	1,658,665
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	138,850	125	1,330,795
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.7	48.0	57.5
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.3	12.0	19.3
% in core housing need⁶³	11.2	0.0	8.0
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,460	1,110	1,320
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,084	2,240	1,668
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,450,000	2,000,000	785,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,728,000	1,880,000	983,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	166,485	180	663,870
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.1	0.0	11.0
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.4	38.9	37.8
% in core housing need⁶³	25.7	9.1	24.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,570	1,860	1,370
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	2,120	1,494
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	0	9,190
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	11.4
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	368
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	446
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	650,380	715	4,915,940
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,460	0	120,245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,375	0	118,210
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,710	0	100,805
Métis single ancestry	615	0	16,830
Inuit single ancestry	50	0	570
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	0	2,040
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85	0	1,870
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	70
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	35
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,270	0	191,640
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,880	0	184,975
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,925	0	123,735
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,865	0	59,905
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	0	1,330
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	390	0	6,665
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	375	0	6,390
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	170
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	80
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	20
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	633,655	705	4,604,055
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	650,380	715	4,915,940
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	537,810	555	4,359,045
Canadian citizens aged under 18	78,320	100	812,305
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	459,495	460	3,546,745
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	112,570	155	556,895
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	650,380	715	4,915,940
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	333,190	395	3,319,230
Immigrants⁸¹	274,360	240	1,425,710
Before 1980	45,435	65	280,160
1980 to 1990	39,525	15	164,445
1991 to 2000	65,920	35	299,115
2001 to 2010	54,215	10	316,915
2011 to 2021⁸²	69,270	110	365,075
2011 to 2015	27,910	30	167,650
2016 to 2021	41,355	80	197,425
Non-permanent residents⁸³	42,830	75	171,000
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	274,365	240	1,425,715
Under 5 years	19,460	45	117,555
5 to 14 years	40,820	45	226,910
15 to 24 years	49,865	20	275,435
25 to 44 years	132,610	125	639,200
45 years and over	31,610	0	166,605
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	274,365	240	1,425,715
Americas	24,375	60	126,075
Brazil	2,530	0	8,765
Colombia	1,040	0	5,450
El Salvador	1,030	0	5,770
Guyana	215	0	1,400
Haiti	75	0	490
Jamaica	455	0	4,295
Mexico	3,870	0	13,385
Peru	890	0	3,510
Trinidad and Tobago	510	0	2,725
United States of America	9,790	35	59,920
Other places of birth in Americas	3,965	0	20,355
Europe	43,955	100	307,495
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,145	0	4,510
Croatia	835	0	5,390
France	2,220	0	7,025
Germany	2,800	0	30,910
Greece	1,070	20	3,350
Hungary	725	0	5,115
Italy	2,805	0	13,410
Netherlands	770	0	16,070
Poland	1,995	0	14,305
Portugal	1,290	0	7,785
Romania	1,250	0	9,370
Russian Federation	2,395	0	12,170
Serbia⁸⁶	1,250	0	4,565
Ukraine	1,785	0	9,450
United Kingdom⁸⁷	12,895	30	116,525
Other places of birth in Europe	8,725	50	47,545
Africa	7,195	0	53,330
Algeria	145	0	510
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	75	0	1,005
Egypt	550	0	3,310
Eritrea	205	0	2,485
Ethiopia	430	0	2,590
Morocco	320	0	1,270
Nigeria	240	0	3,585
Somalia	100	0	1,240
South Africa, Republic of	2,290	0	15,380
Other places of birth in Africa	2,835	0	21,955
Asia	193,325	35	905,585
Afghanistan	395	0	6,245
Iran⁸⁸	8,780	0	45,970
Iraq	595	0	7,000
Lebanon	485	0	2,455
Syria⁸⁹	740	0	6,545
Turkey	960	0	3,095
China⁹⁰	63,270	0	217,970
Hong Kong⁹¹	25,485	0	78,855
Korea, South⁹²	6,495	0	47,520
Taiwan	9,865	0	40,445
Philippines	29,925	10	131,645
Viet Nam	12,115	0	32,390
Bangladesh	800	0	3,035
India	14,640	0	197,115
Pakistan	1,085	0	13,345
Sri Lanka	1,605	0	5,375
Other places of birth in Asia	16,080	0	66,580
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	5,520	35	33,225
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	41,360	80	197,420
Americas	6,735	15	22,835
Brazil	1,820	0	5,130
Colombia	290	0	1,075
Haiti	0	0	35
Jamaica	25	0	1,005
Mexico	1,215	0	3,045
United States of America	2,295	10	8,760
Venezuela⁹⁵	220	0	530
Other places of birth in Americas	865	0	3,265
Europe	9,075	35	25,290
France	920	0	1,730
Germany	455	0	1,380
Ireland⁹⁶	1,690	0	2,420
Italy	320	0	995
Russian Federation	645	0	2,075
Ukraine	495	0	1,935
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,415	0	7,675
Other places of birth in Europe	2,135	20	7,090
Africa	1,165	0	10,465
Algeria	40	0	65
Burundi	20	0	110
Cameroon	15	0	120
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	340
Côte d'Ivoire	15	0	40
Egypt	110	0	610
Eritrea	35	0	1,515
Ethiopia	55	0	620
Morocco	85	0	275
Nigeria	115	0	1,770
Somalia	0	0	255
South Africa, Republic of	350	0	1,965
Sudan⁹⁷	35	0	235
Tunisia	25	0	115
Other places of birth in Africa	240	0	2,420
Asia	23,045	10	134,395
Afghanistan	105	0	1,325
Bangladesh	155	0	655
China⁹⁰	5,930	0	31,450
Hong Kong⁹¹	615	0	2,515
India	3,680	0	39,390
Iran⁸⁸	1,220	0	5,850
Iraq	125	0	1,545
Israel	245	0	605
Japan	815	0	2,090
Jordan	45	0	395
Korea, South⁹²	1,250	0	7,220
Lebanon	80	0	395
Nepal	65	0	405
Pakistan	255	0	2,390
Philippines	4,445	0	21,220
Saudi Arabia	140	0	565
Sri Lanka	250	0	710
Syria⁸⁹	565	0	4,955
Turkey	375	0	1,025
United Arab Emirates	105	0	620
Viet Nam	995	0	2,845
Other places of birth in Asia	1,590	0	6,215
Oceania and other⁹³	1,340	25	4,440
Australia	1,010	25	3,280
Other places of birth⁹⁸	330	0	1,160
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	650,380	710	4,915,940
First generation¹⁰⁰	327,870	330	1,657,625
Second generation¹⁰¹	160,910	165	1,068,600
Third generation or more¹⁰²	161,595	220	2,189,720
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	228,925	175	1,145,550
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	140,320	135	661,395
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	62,775	65	273,695
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	77,545	70	387,700
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	66,960	45	372,185
Refugees¹⁰⁸	17,530	0	97,720
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	4,120	0	14,250
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	228,925	175	1,145,550
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	5,935	0	27,320
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	33,310	55	138,760
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	8,645	10	40,690
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	17,150	15	71,860
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	750	0	5,145
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	163,140	90	861,775
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	650,380	715	4,915,945
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	354,615	145	1,689,490
South Asian	44,850	10	473,965
Chinese	168,385	20	550,590
Black	8,515	0	61,760
Filipino	38,605	35	174,280
Arab	3,785	0	28,010
Latin American	18,080	30	65,970
Southeast Asian	20,585	0	71,785
West Asian	12,100	0	69,270
Korean	10,895	10	72,815
Japanese	10,990	10	44,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	3,240	0	18,080
Multiple visible minorities	14,585	25	58,840
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	295,770	570	3,226,450
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	650,385	710	4,915,940
Canadian	33,685	20	459,320
English	84,370	205	1,019,250
Irish	65,695	170	627,920
Scottish	69,200	155	774,455
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30,625	90	312,750
German	45,215	70	539,145
Chinese	159,080	25	517,805
Italian	21,155	15	162,485
Indian (India)	27,765	10	275,975
Ukrainian	20,000	15	210,100
Dutch	13,330	0	189,985
Polish	15,900	25	134,635
Québécois	925	0	6,240
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	21,545	30	191,025
Filipino	38,885	40	172,915
French Canadian	4,070	0	39,930
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	11,105	0	82,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,665	0	105,005
Métis	3,945	0	85,205
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	11,990	0	102,475
Russian	14,135	20	121,755
Norwegian	10,125	20	137,170
Welsh	9,255	20	104,225
Portuguese	6,535	0	39,755
American	7,565	10	71,530
Spanish	11,605	35	54,365
Swedish	8,270	25	103,630
Hungarian	5,615	15	51,915
Acadian	835	0	7,025
Pakistani	1,825	0	19,050
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	2,660	0	18,520
Jewish	11,555	40	34,395
Punjabi	6,100	0	93,395
Vietnamese	17,450	0	51,890
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,800	0	12,590
Greek	5,475	45	23,300
Jamaican	1,375	0	9,865
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	11,330	0	47,650
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,705	0	24,875
Korean	11,470	10	72,025
Romanian	3,370	0	30,195
Lebanese	1,780	0	8,440
Iranian	9,440	0	49,390
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,695	0	13,865
Danish	4,890	35	54,865
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,715	0	24,140
Sikh	3,225	0	69,100
Austrian	4,710	0	45,280
Belgian	2,160	0	19,505
Haitian	190	0	1,215
Hindu	2,685	0	19,405
Mexican	7,855	0	28,445
Mennonite	1,860	10	20,925
Swiss	2,790	10	28,520
Finnish	2,775	0	33,680
Sri Lankan	1,865	0	6,440
Croatian	3,580	0	23,750
Japanese	13,320	20	54,640
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,460	0	20,125
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	430	0	4,840
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	2,840	0	30,950
Muslim	885	0	8,220
Egyptian	1,125	0	5,810
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	2,830	0	11,730
Tamil	1,040	0	3,380
Icelandic	2,525	0	25,910
Colombian	1,735	0	7,315
Moroccan	545	0	2,020
Czech	2,820	0	22,425
Syrian	770	0	6,550
Guyanese	460	0	2,420
Afghan	655	0	9,605
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	695	0	4,515
Serbian	2,930	0	12,660
Ojibway	440	0	5,145
Newfoundlander	355	0	4,530
Hong Konger	8,560	0	30,020
Ontarian	360	0	3,315
Persian	3,510	0	19,155
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	770	0	4,120
Turkish	2,350	0	8,070
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	145	0	2,120
Bangladeshi	935	0	3,740
Algerian	250	0	915
Brazilian	3,785	0	12,435
Nigerian	430	0	4,110
Armenian	760	0	4,040
Slovak	1,710	0	11,565
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,065	0	11,810
Somali	300	0	2,665
Taiwanese	9,355	0	37,530
Iraqi	475	0	4,590
Salvadorean	1,035	0	6,580
African Caribbean	320	0	1,640
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	2,395	0	10,735
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	1,025	0	5,140
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	385	0	2,715
Algonquin	125	0	1,880
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	345	0	1,855
Lithuanian	1,445	0	7,330
South African	1,885	0	13,965
Australian	2,805	30	18,505
Palestinian	475	0	2,750
Chilean	1,325	0	6,220
Congolese	205	0	1,500
Nova Scotian	210	0	2,015
Ethiopian	405	0	2,720
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	1,135	0	5,295
Peruvian	1,015	0	4,260
Yoruba	125	0	1,350
Cambodian (Khmer)	615	0	3,350
Berber	175	0	605
Albanian	320	0	2,455
Maltese	355	0	2,750
Macedonian	275	0	1,235
Slovenian	760	0	5,340
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,095	0	7,865
New Brunswicker	105	0	875
Gujarati	375	0	2,670
Eritrean	220	0	2,245
African Canadian	220	0	1,535
Israeli	1,285	0	3,645
Mohawk	210	0	2,355
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	470	0	6,545
Bulgarian	720	0	3,720
Albertan	200	0	3,430
Ghanaian	315	0	1,670
Barbadian	230	0	1,950
African American	795	0	4,500
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	720	0	5,580
Tunisian	150	0	550
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,075	0	5,285
Cuban	335	0	1,770
Bosnian	810	0	3,785
Venezuelan	515	0	1,835
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	35	0	180
Latvian	815	0	4,860
Bengali	445	0	1,370
Cameroonian	40	0	335
Guatemalan	325	0	2,415
Indonesian	1,670	0	8,440
Laotian	255	0	2,485
Ilocano	1,140	0	4,765
Northern Irish	665	15	4,550
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	1,055	0	5,445
British Columbian	1,345	0	20,450
Ecuadorian	360	0	1,135
Franco Ontarian	70	0	360
Argentinian	505	0	2,625
Estonian	730	0	4,695
Kurdish	735	0	3,375
Fijian	1,860	0	16,120
Jatt	325	0	8,370
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	210	0	2,695
Coptic	50	0	760
Thai	1,360	0	5,745
Dominican	180	0	860
Nepali	320	0	2,305
Kabyle	30	0	75
Assyrian	40	0	695
Igbo	60	0	890
Byelorussian	425	0	2,610
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	70	0	1,025
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	145	0	2,015
Abenaki	40	0	215
Moldovan	215	0	1,415
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	100	0	1,285
New Zealander	1,225	0	7,840
Sudanese	165	0	945
Breton	115	0	365
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	0	1,655
Malaysian	1,290	0	5,420
Plains Cree	130	0	715
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	160	0	780
Huron (Wendat)	60	0	390
Saskatchewanian	190	0	2,890
Buddhist	1,045	0	2,950
Gaspesian	15	0	90
Norman	110	0	745
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	280	0	1,830
Ivorian	15	0	135
Saulteaux	110	0	845
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	110	0	935
Burundian	80	0	380
Tigrinya	105	0	1,145
Nicaraguan	395	0	1,890
Mauritian	135	0	1,160
Kenyan	355	0	2,215
Oji-Cree	25	0	250
Vincentian	40	0	345
Jordanian	120	0	925
Manitoban	180	0	1,760
Cape Bretoner	45	0	420
Rwandan	135	0	635
Grenadian	25	0	350
Malayali	155	0	980
Chaldean	70	0	850
Sinhalese	180	0	1,285
Mayan	455	0	1,855
Honduran	265	0	1,500
Cherokee	180	0	2,920
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0	150
Indo-Caribbean	95	0	385
Flemish	240	0	1,540
United Empire Loyalist	115	0	905
Senegalese	30	0	105
Azerbaijani	245	0	1,400
Sicilian	150	0	935
Pashtun	105	0	945
Malay	590	0	2,625
Goan	200	0	750
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	25	0	320
Tibetan	100	0	715
Zimbabwean	160	0	1,240
Burmese	460	0	2,225
Mongolian	360	0	1,955
Azorean	60	0	380
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	55
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	75
Ugandan	200	0	1,145
Oromo	180	0	575
Tanzanian	190	0	945
Yemeni	85	0	420
Central African	0	0	35
Libyan	145	0	650
Basque	320	0	1,165
Uruguayan	130	0	515
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	0	405
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	135	0	655
Igorot	320	0	1,330
Fulani	0	0	85
Woodland Cree	10	0	105
Guinean	35	0	135
St. Lucian	25	0	180
Prince Edward Islander	25	0	280
Maliseet	20	0	100
Beninese	30	0	100
Telugu	105	0	615
Roma	125	0	1,205
Costa Rican	250	0	1,075
African Nova Scotian	15	0	145
Malagasy	30	0	110
Kashmiri	50	0	545
Singaporean	735	0	2,630
Karen	0	0	980
Edo	10	0	205
Tajik	55	0	665
Amhara	35	0	305
Paraguayan	90	0	1,095
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	650,380	715	4,915,945
Buddhist	26,245	0	83,860
Christian	194,365	205	1,684,870
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	44,395	20	434,920
Anabaptist	1,425	0	21,275
Anglican	11,970	0	137,485
Baptist	4,705	0	57,265
Catholic	94,425	130	588,140
Christian Orthodox	8,970	30	45,135
Jehovah's Witness	2,050	0	25,715
Latter Day Saints	495	0	12,875
Lutheran	3,060	10	46,395
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	500	0	7,290
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,465	0	41,140
Presbyterian	2,390	0	28,040
Reformed	305	0	12,455
United Church	8,575	0	129,000
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	8,650	0	97,745
Hindu	12,585	0	81,320
Jewish	11,675	10	26,850
Muslim	17,910	0	125,915
Sikh	16,535	0	290,870
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	480	0	11,570
Other religions and spiritual traditions	7,665	15	51,440
No religion and secular perspectives	362,925	475	2,559,250
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	645,400	695	4,875,955
Non-movers	531,810	490	4,169,710
Movers	113,585	210	706,245
Non-migrants	74,590	135	395,215
Migrants	39,000	75	311,030
Internal migrants	23,805	30	251,245
Intraprovincial migrants	14,460	10	187,990
Interprovincial migrants	9,345	20	63,250
External migrants	15,190	45	59,785
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	626,725	650	4,699,740
Non-movers	345,375	225	2,639,500
Movers	281,350	425	2,060,245
Non-migrants	129,275	125	757,040
Migrants	152,085	295	1,303,200
Internal migrants	86,030	160	1,016,025
Intraprovincial migrants	56,025	115	799,455
Interprovincial migrants	30,010	45	216,565
External migrants	66,055	140	287,175
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	580,010	595	4,200,425
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,905	20	643,330
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	514,110	580	3,557,095
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	403,970	445	2,691,860
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	25,010	0	259,010
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	378,960	445	2,432,850
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	580,010	595	4,200,425
No certificate, diploma or degree	60,930	20	565,665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	134,790	85	1,238,000
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	384,290	490	2,396,755
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	124,050	80	1,197,050
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	24,410	25	323,635
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,940	10	133,020
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	11,465	10	190,615
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	78,400	45	711,810
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,240	15	161,600
Bachelor's degree or higher	260,240	410	1,199,710
Bachelor's degree	164,040	230	775,145
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	16,270	35	84,000
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,125	15	32,985
Master's degree	60,335	105	264,145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,475	20	43,440
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	403,970	450	2,691,860
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,915	0	216,660
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	75,550	60	694,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	306,505	380	1,780,415
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	93,190	45	838,680
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,550	15	217,350
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,330	10	88,765
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,220	0	128,590
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	59,610	20	507,405
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,030	15	113,915
Bachelor's degree or higher	213,315	330	941,735
Bachelor's degree	133,975	190	610,735
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	13,095	25	63,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	6,155	15	24,675
Master's degree	51,525	80	212,745
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	8,575	15	30,275
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	580,015	595	4,200,425
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	195,725	105	1,803,665
Education	18,520	45	158,060
13. Education	18,520	45	158,060
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	31,525	35	109,100
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,890	0	13,390
50. Visual and performing arts	27,630	35	95,715
Humanities	26,645	25	143,340
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,580	0	16,850
23. English language and literature/letters	8,145	15	35,465
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	7,390	10	48,620
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	575	0	2,860
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,530	0	7,705
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,305	0	12,220
54. History	3,360	0	16,035
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	755	0	3,580
Social and behavioural sciences and law	61,760	85	288,970
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,480	0	5,140
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	0	31,375
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	4,400	0	39,140
22. Legal professions and studies	10,175	35	44,255
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,580	0	6,625
42. Psychology	11,250	10	52,080
45. Social sciences	24,175	15	110,350
Business, management and public administration	82,545	100	493,290
30.16 Accounting and computer science	80	0	645
44. Public administration and social service professions	3,780	0	30,855
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	78,690	100	461,790
Physical and life sciences and technologies	21,960	40	106,515
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10,100	15	44,910
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	4,670	15	25,655
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	470	0	1,880
40. Physical sciences	6,350	10	30,600
41. Science technologies/technicians	370	0	3,470
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	22,385	0	105,555
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	17,345	0	83,795
25. Library science	1,405	0	6,145
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,800	0	13,030
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	840	0	2,580
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	52,810	70	458,590
04. Architecture and related services	6,100	15	19,025
14. Engineering	24,930	35	119,995
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	8,295	0	83,585
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	25	0	115
46. Construction trades	6,475	0	104,445
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,855	0	86,325
48. Precision production	2,135	10	45,110
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,965	10	60,510
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,150	10	31,920
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,815	0	28,595
Health and related fields	47,020	60	350,930
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,125	10	27,000
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	39,720	50	312,980
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	165	0	725
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,000	0	10,230
Personal, protective and transportation services	13,000	0	121,210
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	9,910	0	76,425
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	0	505
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	0	1,025
43. Security and protective services	1,075	0	15,820
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,940	0	27,425
Other¹⁷⁹	160	0	685
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	403,970	445	2,691,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	97,465	70	911,450
Education	12,580	25	99,640
13. Education	12,580	25	99,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	26,570	20	85,350
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	3,380	0	9,815
50. Visual and performing arts	23,190	20	75,530
Humanities	20,375	10	103,360
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,770	0	12,735
23. English language and literature/letters	6,200	10	25,770
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	5,740	0	35,310
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	395	0	1,895
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,180	0	5,780
39. Theology and religious vocations	950	0	7,845
54. History	2,630	0	11,615
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	510	0	2,410
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50,310	75	226,805
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,240	0	4,220
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	7,760	0	26,730
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,350	10	29,960
22. Legal professions and studies	8,335	35	34,935
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,250	0	5,150
42. Psychology	8,865	10	39,250
45. Social sciences	19,510	10	86,555
Business, management and public administration	68,135	80	379,485
30.16 Accounting and computer science	70	0	445
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,855	0	22,625
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65,210	80	356,415
Physical and life sciences and technologies	17,025	35	77,340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	8,055	20	33,945
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,540	15	18,520
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	400	0	1,545
40. Physical sciences	4,785	0	21,390
41. Science technologies/technicians	240	0	1,935
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	18,835	0	87,185
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15,215	0	72,700
25. Library science	905	0	3,600
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,020	0	8,865
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	690	0	2,010
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	41,315	60	327,735
04. Architecture and related services	5,005	20	14,690
14. Engineering	20,215	30	93,760
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	6,280	0	57,590
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	100
46. Construction trades	5,010	0	74,045
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,395	0	57,950
48. Precision production	1,385	10	29,605
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,775	10	45,705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,545	10	23,700
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,225	0	22,005
Health and related fields	36,380	55	258,665
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	3,330	10	20,980
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30,720	35	229,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	0	580
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,195	0	7,245
Personal, protective and transportation services	10,075	0	88,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	7,655	0	56,165
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	0	305
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	450
43. Security and protective services	885	0	12,270
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,490	0	19,425
Other¹⁷⁹	135	0	535
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	403,970	445	2,691,865
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	97,465	70	911,450
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	306,505	380	1,780,415
Location of study inside Canada	205,815	215	1,316,405
Same as province or territory of residence	155,970	150	1,029,000
Different than province or territory of residence	49,840	70	287,405
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	100,695	165	464,010
Americas	23,285	35	84,155
United States of America	14,145	30	57,255
Mexico	3,490	0	8,850
Cuba	60	0	310
Haiti	0	0	20
Jamaica	40	0	655
Brazil	3,170	0	8,395
Colombia	685	0	2,315
Peru	215	0	945
Venezuela⁹⁵	225	0	815
Other locations of study in Americas	1,255	0	4,590
Europe	25,945	85	92,195
Belgium	250	0	755
France	2,330	10	5,075
Germany	1,175	0	5,805
Netherlands	455	0	2,315
Switzerland	410	0	1,915
Hungary	180	0	945
Moldova¹⁸³	45	0	455
Poland	580	0	2,960
Romania	420	0	3,515
Russian Federation	1,230	0	5,880
Ukraine	825	0	4,345
Ireland⁹⁶	3,755	0	5,665
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10,140	45	38,270
Bosnia and Herzegovina	245	0	840
Italy	635	0	1,610
Serbia⁸⁶	525	0	1,565
Other locations of study in Europe	2,740	25	10,275
Africa	1,570	0	12,250
Nigeria	60	0	1,315
Algeria	20	0	130
Morocco	90	0	470
Tunisia	20	0	160
Egypt	250	0	1,490
South Africa, Republic of	885	0	5,860
Other locations of study in Africa	245	0	2,825
Asia	45,510	20	258,905
Iran⁸⁸	2,835	0	16,325
Iraq	115	0	1,465
Israel	500	0	1,345
Lebanon	125	0	550
Syria⁸⁹	105	0	805
Turkey	670	0	1,680
China⁹⁰	11,420	0	59,350
Taiwan	1,960	0	8,905
Hong Kong⁹¹	1,850	0	7,025
Japan	2,885	0	8,185
Korea, South⁹²	2,940	0	19,605
Philippines	11,535	10	55,140
Viet Nam	765	0	2,145
Bangladesh	320	0	1,135
Sri Lanka	185	0	975
India	4,865	0	60,565
Pakistan	315	0	3,935
Other locations of study in Asia	2,110	0	9,780
Oceania	4,385	25	16,505
Australia	3,330	25	12,315
New Zealand	975	0	3,340
Other locations of study in Oceania	75	0	855
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	580,010	595	4,200,425
In the labour force	394,670	485	2,657,275
Employed	359,280	430	2,433,600
Unemployed	35,390	45	223,675
Not in the labour force	185,345	115	1,543,145
Participation rate	68.0	81.5	63.3
Employment rate	61.9	72.3	57.9
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.3	8.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	580,015	595	4,200,425
Did not work¹⁸⁶	191,360	110	1,563,830
Worked	388,655	490	2,636,595
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	200,890	215	1,350,335
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	187,760	275	1,286,260
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	39.2	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	394,670	480	2,657,275
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	7,915	0	54,165
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	386,760	480	2,603,110
Employee	316,775	355	2,144,475
Permanent position	257,520	270	1,788,175
Temporary position	59,255	85	356,305
Fixed term (1 year or more)	24,150	35	116,190
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35,105	50	240,110
Self-employed¹⁹²	69,980	125	458,635
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	394,670	480	2,657,275
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	7,915	0	54,165
All occupations¹⁹¹	386,760	480	2,603,110
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	6,520	15	32,255
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	76,280	105	446,160
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	43,880	35	209,185
3 Health occupations	29,825	50	199,185
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	50,680	105	309,360
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	32,435	55	110,585
6 Sales and service occupations	95,630	70	666,705
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	39,750	60	469,450
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,475	0	72,075
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,285	0	88,155
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	394,670	480	2,657,275
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	7,915	0	54,165
All industries¹⁹¹	386,760	480	2,603,110
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,840	0	60,320
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,250	0	24,955
22 Utilities	1,665	0	14,820
23 Construction	20,765	35	234,345
31-33 Manufacturing	16,305	10	152,790
41 Wholesale trade	11,445	0	80,165
44-45 Retail trade	38,470	60	301,060
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	14,565	10	142,230
51 Information and cultural industries	22,390	25	71,295
52 Finance and insurance	18,710	20	95,560
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	11,855	15	59,155
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	58,070	105	238,650
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,225	0	5,785
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	14,660	30	110,215
61 Educational services	34,035	60	192,855
62 Health care and social assistance	45,910	45	319,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	11,100	10	60,775
72 Accommodation and food services	30,480	15	182,105
81 Other services (except public administration)	16,780	20	113,780
91 Public administration	15,240	15	142,730
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	419,270	520	2,855,890
English	370,305	490	2,617,625
French	575	0	3,090
Non-official language	11,825	0	52,925
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	140
Non-Indigenous	11,810	0	52,790
English and French	4,925	10	21,550
English and non-official language(s)	29,720	0	154,255
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	80
English, French and non-official language(s)	755	0	2,520
Multiple non-official languages	1,140	0	3,840
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	419,270	520	2,855,890
Single responses	412,635	520	2,820,225
Official languages	393,010	520	2,726,710
English	391,745	510	2,720,275
French	1,265	10	6,430
Non-official languages	19,630	0	93,520
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	290
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	55
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	55
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	20
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	30
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	10
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	125
Halkomelem	0	0	35
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	30
Squamish	0	0	10
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	20
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	40
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	20
Nisga'a	0	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	15
Wakashan languages	10	0	40
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	10	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	19,610	0	93,230
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	0	520
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	65	0	500
Amharic	0	0	20
Arabic	35	0	355
Aramaic languages	0	0	25
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	30	0	60
Tigrigna	0	0	45
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	750	0	2,720
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	30
Vietnamese	745	0	2,695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	225	0	855
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	20
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	15	0	40
Indonesian	45	0	85
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	0	680
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	15
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	75
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	15
Tamil	30	0	55
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,225	0	30,820
Albanian	0	0	20
Armenian	0	0	20
Balto-Slavic languages	175	0	915
Baltic languages	0	0	15
Latvian	0	0	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	170	0	900
Bulgarian	0	0	10
Czech	0	0	25
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	15	0	85
Russian	125	0	645
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	90
Bosnian	0	0	10
Croatian	0	0	10
Serbian	0	0	75
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	75	0	680
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	50	0	450
German	40	0	400
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	50
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	195
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	85
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	105
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	35
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	20
Swedish	10	0	15
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	20	0	50
Indo-Iranian languages	915	0	25,450
Indo-Aryan languages	570	0	23,425
Bengali	0	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	10
Hindi	15	0	555
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	535	0	22,730
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	15	0	100
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	350	0	2,020
Kurdish	0	0	25
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	350	0	1,985
Dari	0	0	110
Iranian Persian	330	0	1,710
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	0	170
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,030	0	3,675
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	55	0	120
Portuguese	200	0	555
Romanian	0	0	60
Spanish	780	0	2,940
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	870	0	2,015
Korean	800	0	6,855
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	25	0	300
American Sign Language	25	0	285
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,500	0	48,730
Chinese languages	14,500	0	48,670
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	5,760	0	28,465
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	0	235
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	15
Yue (Cantonese)	8,640	0	19,865
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	0	85
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	60
Burmese	0	0	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	0	205
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	80	0	200
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	35	0	60
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	35	0	55
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	50
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	20
Hungarian	0	0	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,635	0	35,660
English and French	580	0	2,470
English and non-official language(s)	5,820	0	32,195
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	0	130
Multiple non-official languages	200	0	825
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	419,270	520	2,855,890
None	388,115	490	2,703,945
English	6,265	0	36,055
French	3,760	0	16,140
Non-official language	16,115	0	79,300
Indigenous³⁹	40	0	1,320
Non-Indigenous	16,075	0	77,980
English and French	15	0	70
English and non-official language(s)	1,260	0	4,745
French and non-official language(s)	620	0	1,945
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	3,115	0	13,685
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	359,280	430	2,433,600
Worked at home	123,110	170	549,845
Worked outside Canada	2,210	0	10,065
No fixed workplace address	39,640	55	373,475
Usual place of work	194,315	205	1,500,215
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	194,315	205	1,500,215
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	130,595	160	774,620
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	61,420	45	638,825
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,605	0	77,845
Commute to a different province or territory	685	0	8,920
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	233,960	265	1,873,690
Car, truck or van	131,425	110	1,497,765
Car, truck or van - as a driver	118,815	100	1,376,410
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	12,610	10	121,350
Public transit	53,515	45	174,045
Walked	30,630	50	121,550
Bicycle	12,325	25	36,790
Other method	6,060	30	43,535
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	233,960	265	1,873,690
Less than 15 minutes	46,865	80	595,470
15 to 29 minutes	93,750	115	637,130
30 to 44 minutes	61,575	45	369,645
45 to 59 minutes	18,595	25	137,115
60 minutes and over	13,175	0	134,330
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	233,960	265	1,873,690
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	9,095	15	125,470
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	29,670	25	298,120
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	51,440	45	449,315
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	59,050	85	418,635
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	52,095	60	303,745
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	32,615	35	278,405
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	87,415	100	884,130
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,870	10	55,575
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,540	90	828,550
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	62,020	60	651,050
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,095	5	43,010
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,295	5	23,960
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,805	0	19,050
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	56,925	55	608,040

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 23, 2025).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2024-08-02

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