Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	West Vancouver, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision] Remove West Vancouver, District municipality (DM), Census subdivision	North Vancouver, District municipality (DM)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision] Remove North Vancouver, District municipality (DM), Census subdivision	North Vancouver, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision] Remove North Vancouver, City (CY), Census subdivision	VancouverMore information: British Columbia [Census metropolitan area] Remove Vancouver, Census metropolitan area
	Counts	Counts	Counts	Counts
	Total	Total	Total	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	44,122	88,168	58,120	2,642,825
Population, 2016¹	42,473	85,649^r	52,898	2,463,431
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.9	2.9	9.9	7.3
Total private dwellings²	18,795	34,179	29,021	1,104,532
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,690	32,700	27,293	1,043,319
Population density per square kilometre	506.1	548.8	4,913.0	918.0
Land area in square kilometres	87.18	160.66	11.83	2,878.93
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	44,125	88,165	58,120	2,642,825
0 to 14 years	6,160	14,570	7,315	372,050
0 to 4 years	1,295	3,825	2,425	114,775
5 to 9 years	2,115	5,075	2,345	125,290
10 to 14 years	2,750	5,665	2,545	131,975
15 to 64 years	25,390	56,670	40,610	1,809,985
15 to 19 years	2,940	5,680	2,575	137,415
20 to 24 years	2,305	4,715	2,960	174,255
25 to 29 years	1,455	3,895	4,380	201,270
30 to 34 years	1,370	4,205	5,215	210,035
35 to 39 years	1,965	5,370	4,950	199,405
40 to 44 years	2,375	6,165	4,290	178,110
45 to 49 years	2,970	6,575	3,940	172,885
50 to 54 years	3,520	6,875	4,260	183,290
55 to 59 years	3,325	6,720	4,095	184,880
60 to 64 years	3,175	6,460	3,950	168,455
65 years and over	12,575	16,925	10,190	460,790
65 to 69 years	2,965	4,955	3,210	144,285
70 to 74 years	2,835	4,210	2,595	121,230
75 to 79 years	2,515	3,335	1,830	80,025
80 to 84 years	1,875	2,155	1,240	56,105
85 years and over	2,395	2,270	1,315	59,145
85 to 89 years	1,260	1,340	830	35,605
90 to 94 years	915	725	375	17,875
95 to 99 years	195	175	95	4,850
100 years and over	25	30	15	820
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	16.5	12.6	14.1
15 to 64 years	57.5	64.3	69.9	68.5
65 years and over	28.5	19.2	17.5	17.4
85 years and over	5.4	2.6	2.3	2.2
Average age of the population	47.6	42.8	42.7	41.7
Median age of the population	50.8	44.4	42.0	40.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,315
Single-detached house	9,835	16,115	2,915	288,775
Semi-detached house	520	515	930	22,030
Row house	400	2,895	2,150	105,965
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,520	5,850	3,100	167,855
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,600	4,445	10,395	255,555
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	3,810	2,865	7,785	197,280
Other single-attached house	5	10	15	1,340
Movable dwelling⁴	10	10	5	4,525
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
1 person	4,955	6,745	10,235	303,030
2 persons	5,880	10,625	9,310	332,130
3 persons	2,785	5,970	3,900	164,100
4 persons	2,700	6,545	2,800	146,150
5 or more persons	1,365	2,815	1,050	97,910
Number of persons in private households	43,385	87,385	57,505	2,607,015
Average household size	2.5	2.7	2.1	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	37,965	73,600	50,805	2,270,780
Married or living common-law	22,940	46,405	28,090	1,283,005
Married	21,165	40,810	21,875	1,100,315
Living common-law	1,770	5,590	6,215	182,695
Living common law - Never married	1,005	4,050	5,050	142,340
Living common law - Separated	75	160	180	5,995
Living common law - Divorced	615	1,275	910	31,570
Living common law - Widowed	75	110	75	2,790
Not married and not living common-law	15,030	27,200	22,710	987,775
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,975	18,450	14,775	694,885
Not married and not living common law - Separated	790	1,440	1,405	53,410
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,590	3,920	4,250	134,670
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,675	3,390	2,285	104,810
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,800	25,925	16,190	724,930
2 persons	6,375	11,675	9,195	359,330
3 persons	2,890	6,090	3,700	167,280
4 persons	2,725	6,540	2,740	150,890
5 or more persons	815	1,625	565	47,440
Average size of census families	2.9	2.9	2.7	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.7
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,800	25,930	16,195	724,930
Total couple families	10,875	22,670	13,625	615,345
Married couples	9,990	19,880	10,515	524,010
With children⁶	5,380	12,050	5,670	303,525
Without children	4,605	7,830	4,845	220,485
Common-law couples	885	2,790	3,110	91,335
With children⁶	290	970	560	23,510
Without children	595	1,820	2,550	67,825
Total one-parent families	1,930	3,255	2,570	109,590
in which the parent is a woman+	1,585	2,550	2,090	87,695
in which the parent is a man+	340	705	475	21,895
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	43,385	87,385	57,505	2,607,015
Total - Persons in census families	36,550	76,185	43,350	2,073,700
Married spouses or common-law partners	21,745	45,345	27,250	1,230,685
Parents in one-parent families	1,925	3,260	2,570	109,590
Children⁶	12,875	27,580	13,530	733,425
In a two-parent family	10,005	22,880	10,055	574,915
In a one-parent family	2,870	4,705	3,475	158,505
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	6,830	11,200	14,155	533,310
Living alone	4,955	6,750	10,235	303,030
Living with other relatives⁷	760	1,570	1,200	83,900
Living with non-relatives only	1,115	2,885	2,725	146,385
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,315
One-census-family households without additional persons	11,170	22,445	14,570	580,980
Couple-family households	9,620	19,800	12,390	499,615
With children⁶	4,980	11,535	5,635	263,600
Without children	4,635	8,270	6,750	236,015
One-parent-family households	1,550	2,645	2,180	81,360
Multigenerational households⁸	480	915	420	49,135
Multiple-census-family households⁹	165	455	155	11,915
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	550	1,185	675	39,725
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	375	960	1,240	58,530
One-person households	4,950	6,750	10,235	303,030
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	37,225	72,820	50,210	2,235,455
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,590	70,370	48,755	2,160,680
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	49,600	46,400	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35,625	70,410	48,790	2,161,860
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	41,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,865	66,120	44,825	1,936,905
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,800	42,400	36,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,990	51,245	36,965	1,569,015
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	46,000	44,800	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,240	51,710	38,565	1,770,635
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	9,200	8,700	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,240	4,325	4,015	185,775
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,580	17,885	13,935	632,110
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	8,500	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	37,225	72,820	50,205	2,235,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,580	70,270	48,845	2,159,815
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	105,700	79,200	62,450	56,650
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	35,600	70,295	48,880	2,160,985
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	72,000	61,500	50,720	46,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,850	65,925	44,995	1,935,565
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	105,300	76,200	58,800	53,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,990	51,245	36,965	1,569,015
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	93,000	74,700	60,150	53,650
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,205	51,345	38,650	1,768,405
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,090	10,470	10,460	10,310
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,295	4,310	3,990	185,340
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,950	6,440	6,770	6,490
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,595	17,670	13,990	630,145
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,540	9,130	9,440	9,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	37,225	72,815	50,205	2,235,445
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,935	23,885	18,420	728,635
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	82,000	88,000	72,000	66,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	178,800	120,700	89,800	82,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,005	21,555	14,400	636,030
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,200	18,200	20,400	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,280	37,080	32,760	30,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	92.0	90.4	86.8	85.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.9	68.8	73.0	68.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	8.0	9.7	13.2	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.2	0.5	0.9	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	2.6	3.5	5.2	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.2	2.9	4.3	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	37,230	72,820	50,205	2,235,460
Without total income	1,630	2,445	1,450	74,780
With total income	35,595	70,375	48,755	2,160,675
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,640	7,330	4,145	229,760
$10,000 to $19,999	3,790	6,850	4,505	248,480
$20,000 to $29,999	4,695	8,385	6,750	325,665
$30,000 to $39,999	3,430	6,795	5,675	260,250
$40,000 to $49,999	2,695	6,040	4,975	222,385
$50,000 to $59,999	2,245	5,200	4,520	184,935
$60,000 to $69,999	1,875	4,420	3,560	146,880
$70,000 to $79,999	1,495	3,890	2,875	115,620
$80,000 to $89,999	1,355	3,125	2,320	91,245
$90,000 to $99,999	1,100	2,855	1,875	72,940
$100,000 and over	8,270	15,480	7,555	262,520
$100,000 to $149,999	3,265	7,790	4,695	164,230
$150,000 and over	5,005	7,690	2,860	98,290
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	37,230	72,820	50,205	2,235,460
Without after-tax income	1,605	2,410	1,420	73,600
With after-tax income	35,620	70,410	48,785	2,161,860
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,130	7,735	4,325	238,430
$10,000 to $19,999	3,950	7,135	4,670	256,780
$20,000 to $29,999	5,115	9,435	7,660	365,930
$30,000 to $39,999	3,760	7,840	6,660	299,665
$40,000 to $49,999	3,045	6,875	5,955	255,155
$50,000 to $59,999	2,425	5,990	4,910	200,175
$60,000 to $69,999	2,035	4,945	3,635	147,710
$70,000 to $79,999	1,600	3,850	2,810	109,585
$80,000 to $89,999	1,275	3,290	2,095	80,250
$90,000 to $99,999	1,035	2,495	1,525	54,010
$100,000 and over	6,240	10,815	4,555	154,165
$100,000 to $124,999	1,745	4,165	2,190	72,800
$125,000 and over	4,495	6,645	2,365	81,370
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	37,230	72,820	50,205	2,235,460
Without employment income	16,235	21,575	13,245	666,445
With employment income	20,990	51,240	36,965	1,569,010
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,130	7,830	4,525	203,790
$5,000 to $9,999	1,975	3,915	2,700	130,600
$10,000 to $19,999	2,360	4,955	3,760	182,310
$20,000 to $29,999	1,725	3,545	3,010	137,610
$30,000 to $39,999	1,390	3,380	2,970	135,255
$40,000 to $49,999	1,175	3,330	2,965	134,010
$50,000 to $59,999	1,005	3,070	3,060	126,735
$60,000 to $69,999	905	2,775	2,520	105,025
$70,000 to $79,999	705	2,450	2,130	85,095
$80,000 to $89,999	650	2,180	1,815	70,465
$90,000 to $99,999	580	2,120	1,500	58,530
$100,000 and over	4,390	11,700	6,005	199,585
$100,000 to $124,999	1,040	3,560	2,425	86,360
$125,000 and over	3,355	8,135	3,585	113,225
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	37,225	72,820	50,210	2,235,455
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,205	68,175	47,360	2,087,955
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	49,200	44,400	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	34,300	68,335	47,450	2,092,110
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,200	39,200	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,220	64,930	44,240	1,907,325
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	46,000	43,200	37,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,585	52,735	37,740	1,592,300
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	44,400	43,600	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,145	40,025	29,795	1,393,380
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	4,880	2,880	3,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	590	2,690	2,265	110,515
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,840	5,400	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	37,225	72,820	50,205	2,235,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,145	68,010	47,480	2,086,875
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	114,500	79,400	58,350	54,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	34,255	68,195	47,545	2,090,930
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	82,600	60,100	47,600	44,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,140	64,635	44,380	1,905,655
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	115,900	78,700	57,600	54,250
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,585	52,630	37,780	1,592,505
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	89,700	74,000	56,850	52,300
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,050	39,695	29,955	1,391,425
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,410	7,940	7,170	7,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	500	2,630	2,215	110,385
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	8,390	7,080	7,320
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	37,225	72,815	50,205	2,235,445
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,760	23,585	18,190	719,975
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	83,000	66,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	169,200	116,300	81,800	76,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,410	20,170	13,635	596,215
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	24,400	28,000	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	55,700	46,800	39,080	36,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.2	94.2	92.2	91.2
Employment income (%)	49.5	72.0	77.4	73.6
Government transfers (%)	4.7	5.8	7.8	8.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.1	0.4	0.6	0.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	123,000	86,000	90,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	106,000	75,500	79,500
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,950	6,750	10,235	303,030
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,600	52,400	50,400	45,600
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,200	46,400	44,800	41,200
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	12,735	25,955	17,055	740,285
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	136,000	147,000	115,000	114,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	126,000	100,000	100,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	212,600	170,200	111,800	117,300
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	145,000	132,200	90,800	96,800
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,950	6,715	10,215	302,895
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	92,700	70,600	63,900	59,550
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	70,000	57,200	53,050	49,160
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	12,740	25,985	17,080	740,425
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	259,200	195,800	140,400	140,800
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	174,000	151,600	113,400	116,300
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
Under $5,000	415	370	500	20,105
$5,000 to $9,999	170	155	200	8,225
$10,000 to $14,999	210	210	265	10,585
$15,000 to $19,999	305	315	555	20,590
$20,000 to $24,999	645	775	1,145	39,230
$25,000 to $29,999	525	645	880	30,285
$30,000 to $34,999	465	645	865	30,830
$35,000 to $39,999	535	750	875	35,445
$40,000 to $44,999	520	810	920	33,750
$45,000 to $49,999	510	815	965	33,710
$50,000 to $59,999	1,020	1,525	1,945	68,050
$60,000 to $69,999	920	1,620	1,840	66,550
$70,000 to $79,999	820	1,590	1,705	64,050
$80,000 to $89,999	780	1,550	1,610	60,070
$90,000 to $99,999	690	1,525	1,495	55,585
$100,000 and over	9,170	19,415	11,535	466,250
$100,000 to $124,999	1,495	3,305	3,075	118,385
$125,000 to $149,999	1,245	2,900	2,260	92,470
$150,000 to $199,999	1,755	4,510	2,835	120,095
$200,000 and over	4,675	8,695	3,370	135,305
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
Under $5,000	615	490	560	22,790
$5,000 to $9,999	175	165	200	8,405
$10,000 to $14,999	215	215	275	10,875
$15,000 to $19,999	320	325	565	21,425
$20,000 to $24,999	685	820	1,215	41,415
$25,000 to $29,999	560	725	1,005	34,225
$30,000 to $34,999	540	745	970	35,420
$35,000 to $39,999	610	925	1,095	40,580
$40,000 to $44,999	640	925	1,105	39,605
$45,000 to $49,999	615	910	1,195	40,015
$50,000 to $59,999	1,065	1,920	2,240	80,010
$60,000 to $69,999	1,075	1,925	2,130	77,200
$70,000 to $79,999	925	1,855	1,930	72,480
$80,000 to $89,999	845	1,825	1,840	66,915
$90,000 to $99,999	755	1,695	1,555	60,370
$100,000 and over	8,055	17,245	9,405	391,580
$100,000 to $124,999	1,705	3,790	3,075	124,245
$125,000 to $149,999	1,285	3,305	2,200	89,890
$150,000 and over	5,070	10,145	4,130	177,450
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,560	25,485	16,180	700,885
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,000	146,000	115,000	113,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	114,000	124,000	100,000	100,000
Average family size of economic families	3.0	3.1	2.8	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,795	8,740	7,000	247,460
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	117,000	109,000	99,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	101,000	94,000	87,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	5,685	13,050	6,240	326,565
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	164,000	188,000	144,000	141,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	156,000	124,000	123,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	3.9	3.7	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,810	3,060	2,455	97,675
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	83,000	75,500	73,500
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	75,000	68,500	67,500
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	2.5	2.4	2.6
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	6,070	9,635	12,960	449,415
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	47,200	47,200	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	42,000	42,400	36,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,545	25,525	16,210	700,360
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	258,000	194,600	140,600	141,000
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	172,800	150,200	113,100	116,000
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,785	8,725	6,985	246,715
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	280,000	156,600	126,500	125,700
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	196,200	123,200	104,800	102,600
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,715	13,115	6,275	326,830
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	282,800	241,600	177,400	169,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	180,000	183,000	138,000	138,600
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,775	3,025	2,450	96,940
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	105,700	88,900	88,400
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	96,500	87,700	74,100	76,300
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	6,100	9,605	12,860	448,025
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	85,700	62,100	59,950	52,650
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,000	51,000	50,160	44,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	43,385	87,385	57,510	2,607,010
0 to 17 years	7,975	18,020	8,800	451,730
0 to 5 years	1,635	4,730	2,880	139,005
18 to 64 years	23,495	53,075	38,725	1,716,485
65 years and over	11,910	16,285	9,985	438,795
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,660	6,505	6,380	289,615
0 to 17 years	1,660	1,485	1,015	52,575
0 to 5 years	345	330	275	15,240
18 to 64 years	3,660	3,545	3,795	174,150
65 years and over	1,340	1,475	1,565	62,895
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	15.4	7.4	11.1	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	20.8	8.2	11.5	11.6
0 to 5 years (%)	21.3	6.9	9.6	11.0
18 to 64 years (%)	15.6	6.7	9.8	10.2
65 years and over (%)	11.2	9.1	15.7	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,380	87,385	57,505	2,596,300
0 to 17 years	7,980	18,025	8,800	449,990
0 to 5 years	1,640	4,730	2,880	138,435
18 to 64 years	23,495	53,075	38,720	1,709,765
65 years and over	11,910	16,285	9,980	436,545
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,750	4,575	4,315	200,160
0 to 17 years	1,255	1,035	685	31,010
0 to 5 years	255	210	175	8,255
18 to 64 years	2,825	2,880	2,985	143,600
65 years and over	665	670	645	25,555
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.9	5.2	7.5	7.7
0 to 17 years (%)	15.7	5.7	7.8	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	4.4	6.2	6.0
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	5.4	7.7	8.4
65 years and over (%)	5.6	4.1	6.5	5.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	43,385	87,385	57,510	2,607,010
In bottom half of the distribution	17,440	26,050	24,225	1,160,745
In bottom decile	6,275	6,355	6,080	286,250
In second decile	3,275	4,625	4,550	218,965
In third decile	2,785	4,625	4,310	211,650
In fourth decile	2,560	4,885	4,455	215,485
In fifth decile	2,540	5,560	4,830	228,400
In top half of the distribution	25,945	61,335	33,285	1,446,270
In sixth decile	2,660	6,400	4,985	240,740
In seventh decile	2,730	7,835	5,705	257,800
In eighth decile	3,010	9,380	5,935	279,315
In ninth decile	4,515	12,810	7,140	309,635
In top decile	13,030	24,910	9,520	358,770
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	43,380	87,385	57,505	2,607,015
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.574	0.402	0.369	0.366
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.631	0.466	0.454	0.459
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.510	0.346	0.324	0.321
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	9.0	4.7	4.6	4.3
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	43,570	87,505	57,855	2,619,420
English only	37,370	76,585	51,455	2,307,135
French only	10	45	40	1,095
English and French	4,555	9,615	5,350	170,965
Neither English nor French	1,630	1,265	1,010	140,240
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	43,570	87,505	57,855	2,619,420
English	41,070	84,360	55,400	2,441,160
French	465	1,265	1,035	25,925
English and French	445	640	435	14,255
Neither English nor French	1,585	1,235	980	138,090
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	43,570	87,505	57,855	2,619,420
Single responses	41,945	84,535	55,025	2,476,420
Official languages	24,875	61,570	36,500	1,365,700
English	24,445	60,360	35,520	1,340,995
French	430	1,215	980	24,710
Non-official languages	17,070	22,965	18,525	1,110,720
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	10	10	555
Algonquian languages	0	5	5	260
Blackfoot	0	0	0	15
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	175
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	175
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	15
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	50
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	15
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	60
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	55
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	15
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	70
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	70
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	35
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	10
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	10
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10
Cayuga	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5
Michif	0	0	0	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	55
Halkomelem	0	0	0	15
Lillooet	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	10
Squamish	0	0	0	25
Straits	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5
Siouan languages	0	0	0	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	60
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	30
Nisga'a	0	0	0	20
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	45
Haisla	0	0	0	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	15
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	17,065	22,955	18,515	1,110,165
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	315	320	26,995
Berber languages	0	0	0	90
Kabyle	0	0	0	65
Tamazight	0	0	0	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10
Chadic languages	0	0	0	40
Hausa	0	0	0	25
Mina	0	0	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	10
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	1,715
Bilen	0	0	0	25
Oromo	0	0	0	240
Somali	0	0	5	1,400
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55
Semitic languages	215	315	315	25,150
Amharic	5	0	5	1,320
Arabic	180	245	250	18,130
Aramaic languages	0	0	15	1,440
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	15	540
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	780
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	120
Harari	0	0	0	15
Hebrew	20	55	35	1,925
Maltese	5	0	0	60
Tigrigna	0	5	15	2,240
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	85	75	28,110
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	1,210
Vietnamese	45	85	70	26,850
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	5	0	45
Austronesian languages	310	1,140	2,225	85,375
Bikol	0	5	10	345
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	10	30	1,025
Cebuano	15	25	55	2,615
Fijian	0	0	0	265
Hiligaynon	0	15	45	1,595
Ilocano	15	125	310	5,425
Indonesian	25	50	30	3,665
Kankanaey	0	5	5	170
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	105
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	20
Merina	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20
Malay	5	5	0	280
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	15	725
Pangasinan	0	0	15	345
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	245	895	1,675	67,790
Waray-Waray	0	5	10	260
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	10	25	730
Creole languages	5	10	10	640
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	60
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	20
Krio	0	0	0	20
Morisyen	5	5	5	315
Sango	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	105
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	115
Dravidian languages	30	65	95	10,510
Kannada	0	5	5	480
Malayalam	10	20	35	3,115
Tamil	15	35	40	4,500
Telugu	10	10	20	2,335
Tulu	0	0	0	65
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15
Georgian	0	0	10	140
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	70
Indo-European languages	8,400	14,655	12,000	474,005
Albanian	0	10	20	1,150
Armenian	40	95	60	1,185
Balto-Slavic languages	1,100	1,880	1,845	56,960
Baltic languages	20	30	25	625
Latvian	15	10	15	295
Lithuanian	5	20	10	330
Slavic languages	1,075	1,850	1,820	56,340
Belarusian	0	10	0	45
Bulgarian	25	55	105	1,680
Czech	115	260	260	3,365
Macedonian	0	5	5	245
Polish	200	445	355	10,645
Russian	415	555	535	20,685
Rusyn	0	0	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	155	215	255	13,295
Bosnian	15	35	35	1,345
Croatian	65	95	100	4,990
Serbian	75	75	115	6,715
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	10	0	245
Slovak	75	170	220	2,215
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	15	10	475
Ukrainian	85	110	70	3,650
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20
Celtic languages	5	15	10	200
Irish	0	5	5	80
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	40
Welsh	0	5	0	70
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10
Germanic languages	1,060	1,850	980	30,225
Frisian	0	0	0	55
High German languages	640	1,180	605	18,910
German	615	1,110	575	18,090
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	25	65	35	665
Yiddish	5	10	0	155
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	415	240	7,840
Afrikaans	60	140	75	1,500
Dutch	175	270	155	6,005
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25
Low Saxon	0	0	0	20
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	165
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	10	5	120
Scandinavian languages	175	255	135	3,380
Danish	90	80	55	1,525
Icelandic	0	10	5	115
Norwegian	40	45	25	635
Swedish	50	115	55	1,110
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30
Greek	55	125	115	4,295
Indo-Iranian languages	5,190	8,170	6,670	294,870
Indo-Aryan languages	375	910	795	236,465
Assamese	0	0	0	70
Bengali	15	25	20	3,870
Gujarati	125	255	130	7,075
Hindi	65	130	150	27,990
Kacchi	20	75	45	1,125
Kashmiri	0	0	0	60
Konkani	0	5	5	245
Marathi	5	15	25	1,370
Nepali	5	5	5	1,270
Oriya languages	0	0	0	95
Odia	0	0	0	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	100	310	335	180,355
Rohingya	0	0	0	65
Sindhi	0	5	0	210
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	10	15	1,605
Urdu	40	70	45	10,495
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	555
Iranian languages	4,820	7,265	5,875	58,375
Baluchi	0	0	0	45
Kurdish	20	50	100	2,550
Parsi	0	20	10	135
Pashto	0	0	0	1,225
Persian languages	4,790	7,180	5,760	54,350
Dari	30	30	85	5,705
Iranian Persian	4,400	6,645	5,205	43,720
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	365	500	470	4,925
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35
Italic (Romance) languages	950	2,505	2,305	85,100
Catalan	0	5	5	140
Italian	220	420	360	13,285
Portuguese	145	460	500	18,185
Romanian	70	125	205	6,780
Spanish	515	1,480	1,245	46,645
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20
Japanese	250	525	490	17,340
Korean	630	1,530	1,135	52,525
Mongolian	15	5	0	410
Niger-Congo languages	20	30	35	3,435
Akan (Twi)	0	5	5	420
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5
Edo	0	0	0	55
Éwé	0	0	0	85
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	15
Ga	0	0	0	35
Ganda	10	5	0	125
Gikuyu	0	0	0	40
Igbo	0	0	0	205
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	215
Lingala	0	0	0	55
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10
Mòoré	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	20
Ndebele	0	0	0	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	190
Shona	0	0	0	210
Soninke	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	40
Swahili	0	15	15	810
Wojenaka	0	0	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	30
Yoruba	0	0	0	335
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	495
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	10	0	315
Dinka	0	0	0	75
Nuer	0	0	0	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	175
African, n.o.s.	0	5	0	30
Sign languages	0	5	5	580
American Sign Language	0	5	5	515
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,835	4,025	1,675	395,250
Chinese languages	6,835	4,020	1,670	393,030
Hakka	10	15	10	1,945
Mandarin	5,675	2,355	865	191,475
Min Dong	0	0	0	180
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	115	145	75	11,195
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	25	5	3,085
Yue (Cantonese)	950	1,455	695	182,910
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	20	15	2,125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	5	2,150
Burmese	0	5	5	930
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	205
Karenic languages	0	0	0	580
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	525
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	320
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70
Tai-Kadai languages	20	45	40	2,960
Lao	0	0	10	810
Thai	20	40	35	2,045
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100
Turkic languages	160	220	185	5,260
Azerbaijani	35	60	35	565
Kazakh	0	0	0	100
Turkish	125	150	145	4,095
Uyghur	0	0	0	225
Uzbek	0	0	0	130
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145
Uralic languages	130	300	220	6,145
Estonian	20	40	15	340
Finnish	35	65	40	1,395
Hungarian	80	200	160	4,410
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100
Multiple responses	1,620	2,965	2,830	143,005
English and French	140	495	280	8,240
English and non-official language(s)	1,255	2,110	2,155	117,335
French and non-official language(s)	25	55	60	1,775
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	75	60	2,190
Multiple non-official languages	150	230	275	13,465
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	43,570	87,505	57,855	2,619,420
English	26,220	63,445	37,955	1,433,630
French	105	340	255	5,350
Non-official language	6,220	6,950	5,725	396,810
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	75
Non-Indigenous	6,220	6,950	5,730	396,730
English and French	380	1,230	730	20,960
English and non-official language(s)	9,895	14,600	12,265	710,270
French and non-official language(s)	10	15	40	800
English, French and non-official language(s)	435	600	430	16,000
Multiple non-official languages	310	320	450	35,600
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	43,570	87,505	57,855	2,619,420
Single responses	41,595	84,665	55,235	2,457,520
Official languages	30,820	71,630	44,250	1,734,900
English	30,650	71,100	43,805	1,726,210
French	165	525	450	8,690
Non-official languages	10,775	13,035	10,985	722,625
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	110
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	40
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	30
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	5
Tlingit	0	0	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15
Cayuga	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10
Oneida	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	15
Halkomelem	0	0	0	5
Lillooet	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	15
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,775	13,035	10,980	722,515
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	115	140	16,370
Berber languages	0	0	0	25
Kabyle	0	0	0	15
Tamazight	0	0	0	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5
Chadic languages	0	0	0	5
Hausa	0	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	5
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,015
Bilen	0	0	0	20
Oromo	0	0	0	120
Somali	0	0	0	855
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25
Semitic languages	75	115	140	15,325
Amharic	0	0	0	625
Arabic	60	90	115	10,980
Aramaic languages	0	0	5	1,075
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	5	380
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	585
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	110
Harari	0	0	0	20
Hebrew	10	25	15	915
Maltese	0	0	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	5	1,685
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	20	30	17,825
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	630
Vietnamese	20	20	30	17,160
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	35
Austronesian languages	80	500	1,385	45,860
Bikol	0	5	0	100
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	5	10	445
Cebuano	5	10	30	1,345
Fijian	0	0	0	80
Hiligaynon	0	10	30	750
Ilocano	0	65	190	2,865
Indonesian	5	10	5	1,300
Kankanaey	0	0	0	95
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	50
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	10
Merina	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10
Malay	0	0	0	45
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	365
Pangasinan	0	0	5	115
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	395	1,095	37,890
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	110
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	300
Creole languages	0	5	0	330
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	5
Krio	0	0	0	15
Morisyen	0	5	0	205
Sango	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45
Dravidian languages	10	25	60	6,395
Kannada	0	5	0	200
Malayalam	0	0	20	1,840
Tamil	0	5	30	2,915
Telugu	10	5	10	1,405
Tulu	0	0	0	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10
Georgian	0	0	5	90
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	35
Indo-European languages	4,715	8,050	7,070	283,360
Albanian	0	0	10	430
Armenian	25	35	30	605
Balto-Slavic languages	450	780	865	26,885
Baltic languages	0	0	10	155
Latvian	0	0	10	65
Lithuanian	0	0	0	90
Slavic languages	450	785	855	26,735
Belarusian	0	0	0	10
Bulgarian	10	30	65	760
Czech	35	115	125	1,105
Macedonian	0	0	0	100
Polish	60	160	125	3,935
Russian	250	315	305	12,840
Rusyn	0	0	0	5
Serbo-Croatian	50	90	95	5,975
Bosnian	10	15	20	630
Croatian	15	25	25	1,595
Serbian	25	50	55	3,685
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65
Slovak	15	55	105	780
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	5	45
Ukrainian	30	20	25	1,185
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	25
Irish	0	0	0	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	175	315	140	3,695
Frisian	0	0	0	10
High German languages	95	165	80	2,215
German	90	150	80	2,130
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	5	15	0	80
Yiddish	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	110	45	1,100
Afrikaans	20	70	30	590
Dutch	20	45	20	495
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5
Scandinavian languages	30	40	10	365
Danish	15	15	5	130
Icelandic	0	0	0	25
Norwegian	10	0	0	40
Swedish	10	25	0	175
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	35	40	1,550
Indo-Iranian languages	3,620	5,685	4,860	208,160
Indo-Aryan languages	130	330	405	167,845
Assamese	0	0	0	20
Bengali	5	5	15	2,260
Gujarati	40	85	50	3,555
Hindi	25	30	80	15,285
Kacchi	10	30	15	450
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20
Konkani	0	0	0	45
Marathi	0	10	10	690
Nepali	0	0	0	845
Oriya languages	0	0	0	35
Odia	0	0	0	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	130	200	136,300
Rohingya	0	0	0	55
Sindhi	0	5	0	100
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	5	15	795
Urdu	20	25	20	7,165
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230
Iranian languages	3,485	5,355	4,460	40,315
Baluchi	0	0	0	25
Kurdish	15	35	60	1,630
Parsi	5	5	10	65
Pashto	0	0	0	810
Persian languages	3,470	5,310	4,390	37,760
Dari	20	20	75	3,555
Iranian Persian	3,185	4,935	3,970	30,985
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	265	355	345	3,220
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	440	1,190	1,130	42,000
Catalan	0	5	0	50
Italian	40	90	75	3,330
Portuguese	80	250	325	10,615
Romanian	25	50	85	2,935
Spanish	295	795	635	25,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Japanese	135	260	240	8,485
Korean	425	1,190	890	40,050
Mongolian	5	0	0	210
Niger-Congo languages	0	5	5	1,150
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	135
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	10
Éwé	0	0	0	40
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	10
Ganda	0	0	0	25
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10
Igbo	0	0	0	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	75
Lingala	0	0	0	15
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	120
Shona	0	0	0	40
Soninke	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	5	0	310
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	115
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	120
Dinka	0	0	0	25
Nuer	0	0	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15
Sign languages	5	20	20	950
American Sign Language	10	15	15	805
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	5
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,200	2,630	960	295,940
Chinese languages	5,200	2,630	960	294,455
Hakka	0	5	0	580
Mandarin	4,580	1,745	580	152,805
Min Dong	0	0	0	90
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	50	40	6,040
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	15	0	1,950
Yue (Cantonese)	530	800	335	131,660
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	5	1,275
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,455
Burmese	0	0	0	615
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	170
Karenic languages	0	0	0	415
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	385
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35
Tibetan	0	0	0	205
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	10	1,135
Lao	0	0	0	370
Thai	5	5	10	715
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55
Turkic languages	65	120	100	2,695
Azerbaijani	10	40	25	275
Kazakh	0	0	0	15
Turkish	55	80	70	2,195
Uyghur	0	0	0	115
Uzbek	0	0	0	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40
Uralic languages	20	80	70	1,495
Estonian	0	10	0	50
Finnish	5	10	10	270
Hungarian	15	60	55	1,180
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15
Multiple responses	1,970	2,835	2,615	161,905
English and French	70	185	160	3,935
English and non-official language(s)	1,840	2,550	2,370	151,220
French and non-official language(s)	5	15	15	425
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	55	25	1,145
Multiple non-official languages	40	40	45	5,180
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	43,570	87,505	57,855	2,619,425
None	34,245	73,190	46,170	1,968,775
English	3,960	5,400	4,440	255,090
French	340	995	500	17,840
Non-official language	4,060	6,450	5,415	293,690
Indigenous³⁹	0	25	15	560
Non-Indigenous	4,055	6,425	5,405	293,125
English and French	80	95	85	2,230
English and non-official language(s)	295	480	485	40,505
French and non-official language(s)	235	310	205	8,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	15	10	530
Multiple non-official languages	345	575	545	32,445
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	43,385	87,385	57,505	2,607,010
Official languages	41,745	86,140	56,455	2,466,835
English	41,740	86,115	56,425	2,465,850
French	4,680	9,665	5,255	171,635
Non-official languages	21,245	29,985	24,510	1,398,170
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	20	45	1,800
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	505
Blackfoot	0	0	0	20
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	335
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	335
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	45
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	140
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	30
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	145
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	20
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	140
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	125
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	35
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	25
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	165
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	150
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	45
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	10
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	30
Tlingit	0	0	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	20
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	55
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	55
Cayuga	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	50
Oneida	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	50
Salish languages	0	15	20	655
Halkomelem	0	0	0	245
Lillooet	0	0	0	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	35
Squamish	0	15	0	285
Straits	0	0	0	25
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	40
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	25
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	125
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	30
Nisga'a	0	0	0	65
Tsimshian	0	0	0	35
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	95
Haisla	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	25
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	45
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40
Non-Indigenous languages	21,245	29,975	24,470	1,396,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	465	705	41,165
Berber languages	0	0	0	130
Kabyle	0	0	0	90
Tamazight	0	0	0	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15
Chadic languages	0	0	0	195
Hausa	0	0	0	175
Mina	0	0	0	25
Coptic	0	0	0	55
Cushitic languages	0	0	10	2,340
Bilen	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	360
Somali	0	0	10	1,970
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35
Semitic languages	520	465	700	39,075
Amharic	15	10	10	2,590
Arabic	405	305	535	28,450
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	2,130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	820
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	1,015
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	340
Harari	0	0	0	20
Hebrew	105	145	105	5,650
Maltese	0	0	0	115
Tigrigna	0	0	65	3,090
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	90	90	36,210
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	1,690
Vietnamese	75	85	85	34,650
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	55
Austronesian languages	495	1,735	3,180	122,120
Bikol	0	0	20	620
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	15	0	1,145
Cebuano	35	55	65	4,315
Fijian	0	0	0	835
Hiligaynon	20	40	70	2,655
Ilocano	40	165	465	9,645
Indonesian	65	55	85	5,895
Kankanaey	0	0	25	280
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	180
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	40
Merina	0	0	0	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25
Malay	20	30	30	2,960
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	25	35	1,310
Pangasinan	0	20	30	840
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	1,630	2,960	109,930
Waray-Waray	0	0	15	645
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	25	70	2,595
Creole languages	0	30	30	2,090
Haitian Creole	0	0	10	240
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	130
Krio	0	0	0	105
Morisyen	0	30	15	860
Sango	0	0	0	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	465
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	10	355
Dravidian languages	30	145	135	16,585
Kannada	0	0	15	1,425
Malayalam	15	50	30	4,615
Tamil	15	95	100	8,440
Telugu	0	20	10	3,940
Tulu	0	0	0	180
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35
Georgian	0	0	10	195
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	125
Indo-European languages	11,250	20,240	16,030	643,875
Albanian	0	15	10	1,585
Armenian	35	75	40	1,390
Balto-Slavic languages	1,395	2,275	2,190	70,160
Baltic languages	35	35	35	805
Latvian	20	10	25	365
Lithuanian	15	25	10	440
Slavic languages	1,370	2,240	2,160	69,615
Belarusian	0	0	0	235
Bulgarian	25	80	155	1,965
Czech	140	425	290	4,785
Macedonian	0	20	10	380
Polish	245	505	465	13,165
Russian	575	785	785	29,885
Rusyn	0	0	0	15
Serbo-Croatian	285	195	365	17,080
Bosnian	60	40	50	2,605
Croatian	120	115	155	8,235
Serbian	135	105	195	9,430
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	385
Slovak	115	245	245	2,835
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	20	10	675
Ukrainian	165	195	155	7,515
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35
Celtic languages	55	65	55	1,855
Irish	30	40	35	1,365
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	95
Welsh	0	25	10	330
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70
Germanic languages	1,850	3,525	1,960	53,220
Frisian	0	0	0	90
High German languages	1,295	2,185	1,285	35,890
German	1,265	2,155	1,270	35,110
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	45	50	50	915
Yiddish	0	0	0	355
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	415	1,035	490	13,230
Afrikaans	190	580	260	4,765
Dutch	225	465	215	8,290
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35
Low Saxon	0	0	0	10
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	255
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	20	10	190
Scandinavian languages	240	500	285	6,065
Danish	95	140	95	2,250
Icelandic	0	0	10	145
Norwegian	70	155	80	1,440
Swedish	90	230	115	2,540
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75
Greek	90	220	160	7,005
Indo-Iranian languages	6,210	9,815	8,050	384,455
Indo-Aryan languages	705	1,620	1,335	317,790
Assamese	0	0	0	95
Bengali	30	25	20	5,325
Gujarati	270	495	320	12,615
Hindi	345	515	560	110,485
Kacchi	110	260	100	2,745
Kashmiri	0	0	0	140
Konkani	0	15	0	655
Marathi	10	35	100	2,930
Nepali	0	15	15	1,645
Oriya languages	0	0	0	140
Odia	0	0	0	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	80
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	615	590	239,205
Rohingya	0	0	0	55
Sindhi	0	0	0	505
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	50	40	3,045
Urdu	80	175	110	21,965
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	1,395
Iranian languages	5,510	8,205	6,800	69,060
Baluchi	0	0	0	105
Kurdish	70	110	140	3,720
Parsi	10	35	10	255
Pashto	0	0	0	2,440
Persian languages	5,480	8,125	6,730	64,655
Dari	20	55	65	7,840
Iranian Persian	5,095	7,520	6,265	52,285
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	400	595	440	5,290
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	20	0	145
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150
Italic (Romance) languages	2,280	5,180	4,155	142,265
Catalan	0	35	10	460
Italian	480	920	770	24,325
Portuguese	240	800	710	23,835
Romanian	55	130	265	8,735
Spanish	1,685	3,715	2,635	94,560
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	35	0	330
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	230
Japanese	510	905	795	31,770
Korean	730	1,635	1,355	61,165
Mongolian	25	0	0	525
Niger-Congo languages	95	185	85	9,095
Akan (Twi)	0	0	10	1,010
Bamanankan	0	0	0	40
Edo	0	0	0	155
Éwé	0	0	0	240
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	35
Ga	0	0	0	150
Ganda	0	0	0	310
Gikuyu	0	0	0	80
Igbo	0	0	0	485
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	430
Lingala	0	0	0	270
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	55
Mòoré	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	130
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	285
Shona	0	0	0	435
Soninke	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	55
Swahili	90	140	70	3,925
Wojenaka	0	0	0	10
Wolof	0	0	0	105
Yoruba	0	10	0	1,130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	15	10	1,495
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	480
Dinka	0	0	0	95
Nuer	0	0	0	35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	355
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	90
Sign languages	15	135	65	3,615
American Sign Language	15	130	60	3,315
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	380
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,945	4,685	2,325	461,875
Chinese languages	7,945	4,680	2,315	459,215
Hakka	0	30	15	3,385
Mandarin	7,225	3,305	1,685	292,720
Min Dong	0	0	0	215
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	180	220	215	22,615
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	40	25	4,555
Yue (Cantonese)	1,245	1,865	920	233,750
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	20	1,820
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	235
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	10	0	2,850
Burmese	0	10	0	1,560
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	290
Karenic languages	0	0	0	650
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	600
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75
Tibetan	0	0	0	415
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	220
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190
Tai-Kadai languages	25	85	70	4,550
Lao	0	10	0	1,180
Thai	20	75	65	3,500
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155
Turkic languages	355	445	405	9,305
Azerbaijani	130	115	85	1,480
Kazakh	0	0	0	190
Turkish	270	385	360	7,840
Uyghur	0	0	0	220
Uzbek	0	0	0	245
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250
Uralic languages	140	385	230	7,285
Estonian	20	50	15	360
Finnish	45	100	45	1,695
Hungarian	75	235	170	5,250
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	355
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,385	87,385	57,505	2,607,010
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	425	1,580	1,230	63,345
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	420	1,545	1,185	60,565
First Nations (North American Indian)	205	980	770	35,950
Métis	210	570	415	24,105
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	510
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	10	30	1,700
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	25	15	1,075
Non-Indigenous identity	42,955	85,805	56,275	2,543,670
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,385	87,385	57,505	2,607,010
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	115	585	575	24,605
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	43,265	86,800	56,935	2,582,410
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
Owner	12,535	24,990	14,535	647,870
Renter	5,155	7,710	12,755	394,710
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	0	0	735
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
Condominium	3,805	7,880	13,360	339,250
Not condominium	13,885	24,820	13,935	704,070
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
No bedrooms	310	270	680	21,815
1 bedroom	2,625	3,520	9,365	231,855
2 bedrooms	3,710	6,860	9,410	291,055
3 bedrooms	3,770	9,125	4,725	226,590
4 or more bedrooms	7,275	12,920	3,120	272,005
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
1 to 4 rooms	4,980	8,560	17,065	486,500
5 rooms	2,195	3,960	3,615	141,345
6 rooms	1,805	3,590	2,045	104,495
7 rooms	1,955	3,915	1,385	85,645
8 or more rooms	6,750	12,675	3,190	225,340
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	6.7	4.5	5.4
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
One person or fewer per room	17,305	32,075	26,285	1,000,375
More than one person per room	385	625	1,010	42,945
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
Suitable	16,955	31,395	24,950	958,590
Not suitable	735	1,305	2,340	84,735
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
1960 or before	3,730	7,020	3,775	120,385
1961 to 1980	5,795	11,890	8,245	243,195
1981 to 1990	2,560	4,470	3,340	151,115
1991 to 2000	2,015	3,030	3,255	173,545
2001 to 2005	705	1,025	1,185	69,100
2006 to 2010	1,015	1,050	1,880	91,675
2011 to 2015	930	1,610	2,245	84,850
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	940	2,615	3,370	109,460
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,770	30,690	25,760	988,135
Major repairs needed	920	2,010	1,535	55,185
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
One-maintainer household	9,640	13,745	15,055	513,180
Two-maintainer household	7,390	16,985	11,205	450,060
Three-or-more-maintainer household	665	1,970	1,035	80,080
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
15 to 24 years	130	305	535	30,925
25 to 34 years	695	2,515	4,515	161,980
35 to 44 years	1,970	5,390	5,145	189,720
45 to 54 years	3,505	7,140	4,890	196,810
55 to 64 years	3,610	7,270	5,210	202,020
65 to 74 years	3,490	5,280	3,830	152,290
75 to 84 years	2,795	3,400	2,250	78,330
85 years and over	1,495	1,400	915	31,235
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,590	32,600	27,205	1,033,410
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	10,620	24,040	18,130	725,970
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,970	8,565	9,070	307,440
30% to less than 100%	4,940	7,190	7,750	254,850
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,690	32,700	27,295	1,043,320
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	7,890	10,760	11,550	406,540
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,290	7,575	7,825	272,030
Not suitable only	415	800	1,380	60,880
Major repairs needed only	465	1,315	970	34,030
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	260	380	815	18,445
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	400	570	410	15,750
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	80	125	4,190
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	45	30	1,210
Acceptable housing	9,800	21,935	15,750	636,780
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,560	31,225	25,880	980,820
In core need	2,475	3,605	4,910	166,100
Not in core need	13,085	27,625	20,970	814,720
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,540	24,990	14,540	644,275
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	44.2	55.8	61.1	59.2
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.9	21.4	24.9	24.4
% in core housing need⁶³	9.6	8.0	10.4	10.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	1,780	1,680	1,620
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	3,204	2,420	2,016	1,980
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	2,500,000	1,600,000	990,000	1,050,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	3,128,000	1,670,000	1,141,000	1,304,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,150	7,705	12,755	393,260
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1	11.0	9.8	11.1
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	56.1	42.2	43.0	38.5
% in core housing need⁶³	31.3	23.5	29.1	27.2
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,060	1,880	1,620	1,500
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,792	2,094	1,774	1,624
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	0	0	735
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	6.2
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	200
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	326
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	43,385	87,390	57,505	2,607,015
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	75	360	440	19,765
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	75	360	415	19,180
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	50	240	390	15,265
Métis single ancestry	20	125	25	3,795
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	125
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	25	590
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	25	530
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	465	1,715	1,075	51,145
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	455	1,700	1,020	49,255
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	290	1,205	690	33,045
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	500	325	15,860
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	355
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	15	50	1,890
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	15	50	1,810
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	55
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	42,840	85,310	55,990	2,536,095
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	43,380	87,385	57,505	2,607,015
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,820	78,665	49,005	2,180,525
Canadian citizens aged under 18	6,725	16,775	7,875	409,560
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	30,090	61,890	41,125	1,770,975
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,565	8,715	8,500	426,480
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	43,380	87,385	57,505	2,607,015
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	22,040	56,705	33,080	1,384,550
Immigrants⁸¹	19,810	28,200	22,020	1,089,185
Before 1980	4,235	6,320	3,535	158,270
1980 to 1990	1,810	2,965	2,075	126,870
1991 to 2000	3,290	5,480	4,215	255,475
2001 to 2010	5,225	6,285	5,040	259,830
2011 to 2021⁸²	5,250	7,145	7,155	288,735
2011 to 2015	3,170	3,805	3,565	133,920
2016 to 2021	2,075	3,340	3,590	154,820
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,530	2,485	2,405	133,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,815	28,200	22,015	1,089,180
Under 5 years	1,770	2,455	1,455	81,230
5 to 14 years	3,140	4,555	3,345	168,170
15 to 24 years	3,060	4,400	3,310	203,110
25 to 44 years	9,110	13,645	11,130	501,615
45 years and over	2,730	3,145	2,780	135,060
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,815	28,200	22,015	1,089,180
Americas	1,490	2,870	2,125	76,000
Brazil	55	210	295	7,100
Colombia	35	160	100	4,145
El Salvador	0	45	25	4,485
Guyana	20	20	15	995
Haiti	0	0	10	250
Jamaica	35	75	40	2,455
Mexico	175	405	350	10,060
Peru	50	100	115	2,875
Trinidad and Tobago	40	30	35	1,980
United States of America	880	1,450	750	27,615
Other places of birth in Americas	185	380	395	14,045
Europe	4,475	8,385	5,800	162,415
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	45	90	3,785
Croatia	60	55	35	3,690
France	75	240	215	4,360
Germany	425	830	400	11,545
Greece	25	55	75	2,550
Hungary	65	125	85	2,750
Italy	115	300	265	9,090
Netherlands	145	285	145	5,145
Poland	195	335	310	9,210
Portugal	30	100	100	4,400
Romania	40	140	235	7,235
Russian Federation	170	305	280	9,350
Serbia⁸⁶	65	30	70	3,745
Ukraine	125	160	165	7,090
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,105	3,800	2,175	51,440
Other places of birth in Europe	775	1,575	1,150	27,030
Africa	945	1,810	1,135	38,530
Algeria	25	15	10	445
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	740
Egypt	70	35	60	2,705
Eritrea	0	0	30	2,255
Ethiopia	15	0	15	2,075
Morocco	15	0	45	930
Nigeria	0	25	10	2,210
Somalia	0	0	0	1,085
South Africa, Republic of	380	865	490	9,000
Other places of birth in Africa	420	855	480	17,085
Asia	12,565	14,495	12,465	788,120
Afghanistan	10	10	15	5,935
Iran⁸⁸	4,405	6,395	5,040	43,245
Iraq	35	55	40	6,550
Lebanon	10	35	65	1,960
Syria⁸⁹	15	25	40	4,690
Turkey	60	100	85	2,540
China⁹⁰	5,295	1,985	830	204,825
Hong Kong⁹¹	475	860	390	76,115
Korea, South⁹²	500	1,210	855	42,090
Taiwan	315	365	275	38,670
Philippines	345	1,580	2,890	109,405
Viet Nam	60	60	65	27,175
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,580
India	330	590	715	151,400
Pakistan	55	90	80	11,125
Sri Lanka	0	80	40	4,875
Other places of birth in Asia	640	1,060	1,025	54,930
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	340	635	490	24,120
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,080	3,340	3,590	154,815
Americas	295	480	540	16,725
Brazil	25	85	190	4,625
Colombia	0	20	10	825
Haiti	0	0	0	20
Jamaica	0	0	0	390
Mexico	15	45	90	2,460
United States of America	205	275	155	5,465
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	420
Other places of birth in Americas	45	50	95	2,525
Europe	290	810	725	18,070
France	20	65	75	1,325
Germany	30	25	45	800
Ireland⁹⁶	10	35	35	2,105
Italy	0	20	10	805
Russian Federation	50	40	50	1,740
Ukraine	40	40	35	1,585
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	355	260	4,555
Other places of birth in Europe	40	235	210	5,150
Africa	35	120	190	7,395
Algeria	0	0	0	65
Burundi	0	0	0	70
Cameroon	0	0	0	100
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	230
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	35
Egypt	0	0	0	500
Eritrea	0	0	0	1,415
Ethiopia	0	0	0	470
Morocco	0	0	15	230
Nigeria	0	15	0	1,085
Somalia	0	0	0	220
South Africa, Republic of	15	70	105	1,215
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	160
Tunisia	0	0	0	100
Other places of birth in Africa	0	20	20	1,495
Asia	1,425	1,795	1,960	110,065
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,245
Bangladesh	0	0	0	530
China⁹⁰	815	390	135	28,970
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	25	15	2,385
India	65	100	165	30,545
Iran⁸⁸	250	765	750	5,615
Iraq	0	20	15	1,435
Israel	0	0	10	520
Japan	45	25	40	1,615
Jordan	0	0	0	325
Korea, South⁹²	40	100	130	6,125
Lebanon	0	0	0	290
Nepal	0	0	0	235
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,850
Philippines	75	305	550	15,095
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	480
Sri Lanka	0	15	0	600
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	30	3,380
Turkey	0	0	20	795
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	515
Viet Nam	10	0	20	2,270
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45	5,245
Oceania and other⁹³	40	130	185	2,570
Australia	30	100	115	1,810
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	30	70	755
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	43,385	87,385	57,505	2,607,010
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,520	32,250	25,195	1,256,395
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,480	20,905	13,025	632,460
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,390	34,230	19,285	718,160
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,585	21,875	18,475	930,915
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	12,230	15,415	12,925	554,240
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,360	6,150	5,750	225,255
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,870	9,270	7,175	328,990
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,510	4,915	3,895	282,705
Refugees¹⁰⁸	595	1,335	1,540	81,155
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	250	210	125	12,805
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,585	21,875	18,475	930,915
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	280	625	605	23,820
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,410	3,395	3,460	98,885
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	675	945	570	33,385
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	625	1,070	1,130	58,500
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	75	85	3,390
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,495	15,765	12,635	712,935
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	43,385	87,385	57,505	2,607,010
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	18,765	25,415	20,855	1,420,270
South Asian	1,405	2,780	2,100	369,290
Chinese	8,780	6,070	3,005	512,260
Black	185	475	550	41,180
Filipino	465	2,155	3,815	142,125
Arab	280	220	355	22,440
Latin American	430	1,255	1,210	51,500
Southeast Asian	305	375	405	56,815
West Asian	5,030	7,680	6,155	64,640
Korean	745	1,775	1,435	63,465
Japanese	465	1,130	755	31,195
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	205	370	315	14,750
Multiple visible minorities	465	1,135	760	50,600
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	24,620	61,970	36,650	1,186,740
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	43,380	87,385	57,505	2,607,015
Canadian	2,525	8,335	4,225	174,095
English	8,550	21,875	12,115	365,150
Irish	4,935	12,985	7,625	235,970
Scottish	6,065	16,270	9,170	281,420
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,795	5,355	3,180	108,315
German	3,080	9,595	4,805	184,145
Chinese	8,095	5,940	2,985	475,160
Italian	1,355	3,965	2,725	83,200
Indian (India)	1,075	2,025	1,475	213,795
Ukrainian	1,260	3,435	2,085	81,155
Dutch	945	3,215	1,710	64,120
Polish	1,030	2,640	1,585	58,505
Québécois	30	125	80	2,475
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,270	5,680	2,830	79,115
Filipino	505	2,065	3,585	141,230
French Canadian	280	870	465	15,575
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	765	1,550	1,210	34,895
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	125	630	565	23,740
Métis	200	640	435	22,050
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	825	2,255	1,170	41,860
Russian	830	2,025	1,360	51,690
Norwegian	775	2,290	1,130	45,595
Welsh	965	2,275	1,205	37,335
Portuguese	200	750	555	22,980
American	745	1,675	820	26,805
Spanish	470	1,150	1,135	36,270
Swedish	715	2,040	1,030	34,990
Hungarian	335	995	590	21,815
Acadian	35	110	60	2,365
Pakistani	65	165	135	15,765
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	290	240	11,685
Jewish	555	985	495	22,280
Punjabi	50	190	165	71,020
Vietnamese	125	220	150	42,690
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	135	130	155	9,915
Greek	315	665	365	14,570
Jamaican	75	135	90	5,735
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	665	565	600	41,130
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	150	120	6,230
Korean	735	1,805	1,400	62,885
Romanian	170	405	505	15,490
Lebanese	120	210	165	5,355
Iranian	4,410	6,445	5,560	45,815
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	185	215	130	8,600
Danish	410	1,015	640	19,430
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	50	220	165	6,225
Sikh	30	110	135	51,935
Austrian	335	1,050	615	17,850
Belgian	110	425	190	7,410
Haitian	0	0	15	620
Hindu	90	35	75	15,640
Mexican	350	720	635	19,655
Mennonite	60	140	90	6,320
Swiss	305	760	350	9,570
Finnish	280	610	340	12,650
Sri Lankan	10	75	95	5,475
Croatian	240	515	340	14,670
Japanese	520	1,285	870	38,945
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	110	190	55	16,030
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	30	20	1,315
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	235	580	315	11,035
Muslim	140	205	140	7,175
Egyptian	165	125	75	4,430
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	100	350	165	8,930
Tamil	0	30	30	3,065
Icelandic	190	565	265	10,265
Colombian	85	140	115	5,525
Moroccan	0	55	50	1,305
Czech	260	800	435	10,055
Syrian	35	50	20	4,355
Guyanese	45	25	65	1,615
Afghan	25	25	50	9,060
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	45	45	2,940
Serbian	165	185	250	9,755
Ojibway	15	55	25	1,545
Newfoundlander	20	20	20	1,225
Hong Konger	100	425	165	29,025
Ontarian	15	80	10	1,075
Persian	1,570	2,550	1,755	17,315
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	35	55	2,650
Turkish	125	210	245	6,305
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	575
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,105
Algerian	0	15	30	690
Brazilian	75	340	295	9,720
Nigerian	0	25	30	2,440
Armenian	70	175	70	3,055
Slovak	230	450	305	6,010
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	195	240	200	6,295
Somali	0	0	25	2,315
Taiwanese	295	285	200	35,425
Iraqi	50	25	30	4,035
Salvadorean	0	55	65	5,045
African Caribbean	0	10	20	1,175
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	130	170	125	9,040
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	255	155	4,260
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	35	30	1,740
Algonquin	0	15	10	530
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	25	15	1,300
Lithuanian	95	235	105	3,380
South African	340	865	400	7,430
Australian	245	710	460	8,695
Palestinian	90	50	45	2,245
Chilean	30	150	130	4,055
Congolese	0	20	0	1,020
Nova Scotian	35	25	10	760
Ethiopian	15	0	0	2,130
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	170	65	3,755
Peruvian	55	95	160	3,185
Yoruba	0	0	0	835
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	10	2,545
Berber	0	0	25	455
Albanian	0	25	25	1,740
Maltese	0	55	15	1,185
Macedonian	25	60	30	795
Slovenian	80	110	95	2,725
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	315	115	3,555
New Brunswicker	0	10	0	320
Gujarati	15	70	60	2,190
Eritrean	0	0	30	1,955
African Canadian	0	35	0	980
Israeli	20	80	55	2,655
Mohawk	0	20	20	830
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	95	65	2,220
Bulgarian	40	90	175	2,540
Albertan	10	105	35	1,155
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,215
Barbadian	30	15	40	1,205
African American	10	60	55	2,485
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	65	55	60	2,460
Tunisian	45	0	15	365
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	60	120	65	3,260
Cuban	0	60	20	1,095
Bosnian	60	65	60	2,915
Venezuelan	0	0	30	1,350
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	75
Latvian	95	160	115	2,355
Bengali	0	0	0	1,110
Cameroonian	0	0	0	220
Guatemalan	15	50	10	1,900
Indonesian	85	55	80	6,100
Laotian	0	20	0	1,785
Ilocano	25	90	160	4,000
Northern Irish	60	105	55	2,135
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	105	115	70	2,360
British Columbian	125	435	165	7,415
Ecuadorian	0	15	0	705
Franco Ontarian	0	10	0	140
Argentinian	35	95	60	1,640
Estonian	60	225	65	2,360
Kurdish	70	85	95	3,170
Fijian	0	45	40	14,415
Jatt	0	0	0	6,075
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	45	20	980
Coptic	0	0	25	680
Thai	15	115	70	3,650
Dominican	0	0	0	565
Nepali	0	15	0	1,520
Kabyle	0	0	0	55
Assyrian	10	20	0	560
Igbo	0	0	0	475
Byelorussian	0	50	70	1,695
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	165
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	20	0	655
Abenaki	0	0	0	95
Moldovan	0	0	10	955
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	10	30	305
New Zealander	85	230	160	3,555
Sudanese	0	0	0	680
Breton	0	0	0	170
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	15	15	465
Malaysian	25	105	70	4,615
Plains Cree	0	0	0	235
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	15	10	530
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	130
Saskatchewanian	35	50	15	975
Buddhist	0	25	0	2,720
Gaspesian	0	0	0	15
Norman	20	0	25	290
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	65	140	50	1,495
Ivorian	0	0	0	70
Saulteaux	0	0	0	290
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	20	10	335
Burundian	0	0	0	350
Tigrinya	0	0	20	1,020
Nicaraguan	0	40	0	1,485
Mauritian	0	40	0	845
Kenyan	65	40	95	1,670
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	85
Vincentian	0	0	0	250
Jordanian	0	30	10	740
Manitoban	0	15	15	730
Cape Bretoner	0	10	0	160
Rwandan	0	0	30	450
Grenadian	0	0	0	230
Malayali	0	20	0	685
Chaldean	0	0	0	805
Sinhalese	0	20	0	1,115
Mayan	0	30	0	1,430
Honduran	0	25	10	1,125
Cherokee	0	10	15	770
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	55
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	10	310
Flemish	15	30	15	730
United Empire Loyalist	40	40	0	360
Senegalese	0	0	0	55
Azerbaijani	45	150	85	1,100
Sicilian	0	10	10	410
Pashtun	0	0	0	820
Malay	35	50	0	2,165
Goan	0	0	30	610
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	205
Tibetan	0	15	0	485
Zimbabwean	15	35	15	675
Burmese	0	0	0	1,825
Mongolian	45	10	25	1,415
Azorean	0	0	0	200
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	55
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	55
Ugandan	0	35	55	940
Oromo	0	0	0	400
Tanzanian	0	20	0	770
Yemeni	0	0	40	305
Central African	0	0	0	10
Libyan	0	0	0	530
Basque	0	10	50	630
Uruguayan	0	20	0	285
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	275
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	20	0	455
Igorot	0	70	45	1,060
Fulani	0	0	0	40
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	30
Guinean	0	0	0	105
St. Lucian	0	0	0	130
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	120
Maliseet	0	0	0	30
Beninese	0	0	0	90
Telugu	0	0	0	550
Roma	0	15	10	510
Costa Rican	0	40	10	710
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	45
Malagasy	0	0	0	65
Kashmiri	0	0	0	460
Singaporean	55	20	50	2,285
Karen	0	0	0	815
Edo	0	0	0	170
Tajik	0	30	0	625
Amhara	0	0	0	280
Paraguayan	0	0	0	350
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	43,385	87,385	57,510	2,607,010
Buddhist	650	775	470	70,670
Christian	14,710	29,845	20,915	863,055
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,910	6,325	4,010	226,120
Anabaptist	35	185	75	6,960
Anglican	2,590	3,650	1,745	51,030
Baptist	325	705	470	26,680
Catholic	4,515	10,845	9,450	355,990
Christian Orthodox	475	825	910	35,340
Jehovah's Witness	55	210	170	9,740
Latter Day Saints	35	110	110	3,565
Lutheran	515	945	440	17,695
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	140	45	3,165
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	155	310	320	18,555
Presbyterian	425	650	520	14,190
Reformed	15	35	20	4,135
United Church	1,880	3,335	1,600	46,145
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	705	1,575	1,025	43,745
Hindu	300	295	340	66,530
Jewish	555	845	385	20,125
Muslim	3,855	5,570	4,245	110,645
Sikh	135	550	530	222,160
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	15	70	1,865
Other religions and spiritual traditions	555	1,210	975	24,205
No religion and secular perspectives	22,625	48,275	29,580	1,227,760
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	43,225	86,750	56,970	2,585,295
Non-movers	37,220	75,935	47,315	2,201,935
Movers	6,005	10,815	9,650	383,360
Non-migrants	2,985	6,525	6,020	219,965
Migrants	3,020	4,285	3,625	163,390
Internal migrants	2,095	3,085	2,720	117,275
Intraprovincial migrants	1,695	2,425	2,125	91,590
Interprovincial migrants	400	660	595	25,685
External migrants	930	1,205	905	46,115
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	42,105	83,585	55,055	2,492,425
Non-movers	25,515	53,190	28,210	1,416,225
Movers	16,585	30,390	26,845	1,076,205
Non-migrants	5,285	9,730	7,890	422,485
Migrants	11,295	20,660	18,955	653,725
Internal migrants	7,610	15,175	13,885	433,225
Intraprovincial migrants	6,395	12,985	11,560	352,105
Interprovincial migrants	1,215	2,190	2,330	81,115
External migrants	3,685	5,480	5,070	220,500
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,225	72,815	50,205	2,235,450
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,065	6,230	4,370	295,740
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,155	66,590	45,830	1,939,710
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,070	46,125	34,855	1,487,140
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	455	1,250	1,250	113,680
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	19,615	44,880	33,600	1,373,460
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,225	72,820	50,205	2,235,450
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,855	5,590	3,820	270,240
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,605	16,960	11,585	618,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,760	50,270	34,800	1,346,495
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,130	18,205	13,525	558,985
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,275	3,850	2,965	125,770
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	635	1,640	1,365	57,895
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	640	2,210	1,605	67,870
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,215	11,180	8,225	340,715
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,635	3,175	2,335	92,495
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,635	32,065	21,280	787,510
Bachelor's degree	10,475	19,900	13,505	511,110
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,395	2,355	1,620	54,185
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	960	1,110	420	20,895
Master's degree	4,805	7,470	5,020	173,475
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	995	1,230	710	27,850
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,075	46,125	34,855	1,487,140
No certificate, diploma or degree	405	950	955	98,700
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,170	7,855	6,315	339,580
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,495	37,315	27,585	1,048,860
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,070	12,405	9,810	406,400
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	625	2,395	2,040	87,160
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	305	1,040	920	39,895
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	315	1,350	1,125	47,265
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,335	7,825	6,055	251,750
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,110	2,190	1,710	67,495
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,425	24,915	17,775	642,460
Bachelor's degree	6,995	15,530	11,325	414,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	795	1,650	1,285	42,780
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	625	850	345	16,140
Master's degree	3,420	5,995	4,285	147,665
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	590	885	540	21,130
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	37,230	72,820	50,205	2,235,450
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,460	22,550	15,405	888,950
Education	1,420	3,545	1,995	75,935
13. Education	1,420	3,545	1,995	75,935
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,320	3,015	2,350	73,865
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	340	360	9,590
50. Visual and performing arts	1,245	2,670	1,985	64,275
Humanities	1,805	3,050	2,035	90,800
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	285	440	265	12,250
23. English language and literature/letters	515	915	615	22,355
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	500	835	560	33,430
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	65	30	1,400
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	145	135	4,235
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	115	105	5,615
54. History	245	395	250	9,235
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	145	70	2,275
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,885	7,215	5,095	181,015
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	80	75	3,060
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	335	865	710	21,785
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	240	670	545	19,615
22. Legal professions and studies	1,030	1,620	925	28,505
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	190	150	3,955
42. Psychology	675	1,245	895	31,715
45. Social sciences	1,480	2,545	1,795	72,385
Business, management and public administration	6,825	11,280	7,900	302,700
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	25	0	380
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	325	260	11,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,640	10,935	7,640	290,990
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,520	2,820	1,520	66,830
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	625	1,085	525	27,200
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	315	620	370	17,195
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	60	40	1,175
40. Physical sciences	530	965	520	19,630
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	90	55	1,635
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,005	2,080	1,645	76,280
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	705	1,555	1,240	61,500
25. Library science	95	95	140	3,480
27. Mathematics and statistics	170	350	210	9,330
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	75	50	1,970
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,725	8,475	5,905	229,970
04. Architecture and related services	540	735	565	13,705
14. Engineering	2,200	3,870	2,660	90,240
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	440	1,445	870	39,830
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	40
46. Construction trades	295	1,170	940	39,615
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	175	850	535	30,675
48. Precision production	70	410	335	15,870
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	425	855	570	21,905
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	275	405	330	13,770
03. Natural resources and conservation	150	450	240	8,135
Health and related fields	3,230	6,460	4,425	174,055
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	240	805	465	14,125
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,595	5,235	3,835	153,200
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	20	0	390
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	380	395	115	6,335
Personal, protective and transportation services	590	1,465	1,355	52,785
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	450	940	875	35,450
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	120
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	10	0	245
43. Security and protective services	45	155	170	6,585
49. Transportation and materials moving	85	360	305	10,385
Other¹⁷⁹	0	30	15	370
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,070	46,125	34,850	1,487,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,575	8,805	7,270	438,280
Education	590	2,175	1,370	51,580
13. Education	590	2,175	1,370	51,580
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	910	2,285	1,815	59,805
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	235	260	7,535
50. Visual and performing arts	860	2,050	1,550	52,270
Humanities	1,130	2,255	1,695	68,095
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	200	315	245	9,520
23. English language and literature/letters	300	630	495	17,085
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	640	470	24,685
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	55	25	985
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	135	130	3,245
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	85	80	4,030
54. History	140	305	195	6,970
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	100	50	1,580
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,585	5,675	4,270	146,480
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	55	70	2,525
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	710	655	18,875
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	125	515	390	15,045
22. Legal professions and studies	685	1,275	800	23,285
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	145	120	3,125
42. Psychology	425	970	740	25,160
45. Social sciences	995	2,000	1,505	58,470
Business, management and public administration	4,835	8,760	6,390	243,445
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	15	0	280
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	230	190	8,465
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,750	8,515	6,200	234,700
Physical and life sciences and technologies	945	2,005	1,100	50,200
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	465	795	415	21,250
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	450	280	12,625
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	45	40	1,005
40. Physical sciences	275	675	345	14,320
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	40	20	1,000
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	1,650	1,410	64,750
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	600	1,345	1,140	54,150
25. Library science	35	55	100	2,225
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	205	125	6,765
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	50	45	1,605
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,295	6,080	4,635	173,935
04. Architecture and related services	325	595	450	10,930
14. Engineering	1,430	2,945	2,205	72,485
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	265	980	605	28,765
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	35
46. Construction trades	145	850	740	29,260
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	85	485	400	21,730
48. Precision production	45	235	230	10,730
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	285	720	490	17,030
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175	325	270	10,565
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	390	215	6,455
Health and related fields	1,845	4,665	3,375	133,890
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	625	395	11,170
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,465	3,735	2,890	117,795
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	25	0	325
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	225	295	85	4,600
Personal, protective and transportation services	330	1,020	1,025	39,360
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	265	650	665	26,475
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	70
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	110
43. Security and protective services	25	125	150	5,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	35	240	210	7,505
Other¹⁷⁹	0	20	0	290
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,070	46,125	34,850	1,487,140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,575	8,805	7,270	438,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	16,495	37,320	27,585	1,048,860
Location of study inside Canada	9,090	26,015	17,935	686,455
Same as province or territory of residence	6,590	20,080	13,775	560,960
Different than province or territory of residence	2,500	5,935	4,160	125,495
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,405	11,300	9,650	362,405
Americas	1,310	2,310	1,490	59,040
United States of America	1,120	1,595	875	37,205
Mexico	75	255	225	7,220
Cuba	0	0	0	235
Haiti	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	275
Brazil	65	220	215	7,345
Colombia	20	55	40	1,870
Peru	10	35	25	730
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	20	15	680
Other locations of study in Americas	25	105	90	3,465
Europe	1,465	2,915	2,385	63,555
Belgium	15	25	15	510
France	80	195	170	3,900
Germany	105	125	95	2,705
Netherlands	25	100	25	1,140
Switzerland	40	55	45	995
Hungary	0	35	20	620
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	400
Poland	35	75	75	2,260
Romania	15	50	110	2,925
Russian Federation	90	180	130	4,870
Ukraine	65	80	75	3,460
Ireland⁹⁶	35	115	100	4,855
United Kingdom⁸⁷	765	1,520	1,045	24,465
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	0	20	720
Italy	30	30	30	1,190
Serbia⁸⁶	0	20	55	1,395
Other locations of study in Europe	130	305	370	7,140
Africa	175	430	230	7,865
Nigeria	0	15	0	800
Algeria	10	10	0	115
Morocco	0	0	0	255
Tunisia	0	0	10	110
Egypt	40	0	30	1,240
South Africa, Republic of	115	385	185	3,345
Other locations of study in Africa	10	15	10	2,000
Asia	4,295	5,245	5,110	221,415
Iran⁸⁸	1,290	2,525	2,185	15,505
Iraq	15	10	15	1,335
Israel	0	45	10	1,150
Lebanon	0	0	20	420
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	615
Turkey	20	45	40	1,435
China⁹⁰	2,125	750	300	55,615
Taiwan	55	80	65	8,345
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	100	20	6,780
Japan	80	180	175	6,510
Korea, South⁹²	205	495	440	17,035
Philippines	225	710	1,335	44,305
Viet Nam	20	0	0	1,695
Bangladesh	0	0	0	945
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	890
India	125	175	265	47,280
Pakistan	20	20	15	3,380
Other locations of study in Asia	80	95	200	8,165
Oceania	160	405	430	10,530
Australia	125	305	330	7,745
New Zealand	35	100	100	2,045
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	735
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	37,225	72,820	50,205	2,235,450
In the labour force	19,485	48,010	35,135	1,468,220
Employed	17,640	44,490	32,490	1,341,570
Unemployed	1,840	3,515	2,640	126,650
Not in the labour force	17,745	24,810	15,075	767,230
Participation rate	52.3	65.9	70.0	65.7
Employment rate	47.4	61.1	64.7	60.0
Unemployment rate	9.4	7.3	7.5	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	37,230	72,820	50,205	2,235,450
Did not work¹⁸⁶	17,890	24,290	15,710	793,200
Worked	19,340	48,530	34,500	1,442,245
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,795	24,925	19,060	756,970
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,540	23,605	15,440	685,280
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.2	40.8	41.8	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	19,485	48,005	35,130	1,468,220
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580	870	675	32,920
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,900	47,135	34,460	1,435,305
Employee	11,935	36,475	28,360	1,189,685
Permanent position	9,085	29,855	23,815	991,085
Temporary position	2,845	6,620	4,540	198,600
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,075	1,990	1,650	74,240
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,775	4,625	2,895	124,360
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,975	10,665	6,100	245,620
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	19,485	48,005	35,130	1,468,220
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580	870	675	32,920
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,900	47,135	34,460	1,435,305
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,240	1,570	615	20,140
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,530	10,125	7,070	274,800
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,835	5,015	3,775	137,100
3 Health occupations	1,455	3,615	2,570	103,155
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,275	6,695	4,420	167,840
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,470	3,300	2,445	74,525
6 Sales and service occupations	4,355	10,270	8,455	366,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,350	5,250	4,240	227,715
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	180	655	365	18,980
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	210	635	515	44,875
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	19,485	48,005	35,130	1,468,220
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	580	870	675	32,920
All industries¹⁹¹	18,900	47,135	34,460	1,435,305
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	80	225	135	12,760
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	180	295	170	4,030
22 Utilities	60	320	190	8,120
23 Construction	1,065	3,350	2,465	114,600
31-33 Manufacturing	580	1,600	1,415	83,255
41 Wholesale trade	625	1,590	935	54,360
44-45 Retail trade	1,930	4,590	4,025	159,825
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	410	1,580	1,310	86,180
51 Information and cultural industries	565	2,140	1,685	55,000
52 Finance and insurance	1,645	2,685	1,830	66,980
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,500	1,495	1,090	38,130
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,420	7,730	4,895	160,590
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	205	125	4,050
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	610	1,620	1,365	59,880
61 Educational services	1,390	4,190	2,720	110,765
62 Health care and social assistance	1,940	5,340	4,145	163,115
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	740	1,745	955	32,895
72 Accommodation and food services	920	2,500	1,940	96,660
81 Other services (except public administration)	645	1,805	1,520	61,285
91 Public administration	515	2,120	1,560	62,815
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	21,270	51,935	37,010	1,564,385
English	18,500	48,735	34,625	1,367,865
French	20	80	65	1,520
Non-official language	685	425	275	45,845
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	20
Non-Indigenous	685	425	275	45,830
English and French	135	510	405	11,770
English and non-official language(s)	1,850	2,095	1,550	131,765
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	70
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	65	75	1,825
Multiple non-official languages	25	25	15	3,715
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	21,270	51,935	37,010	1,564,385
Single responses	20,870	51,525	36,710	1,533,680
Official languages	19,735	50,515	36,060	1,451,660
English	19,700	50,325	35,895	1,448,340
French	35	190	165	3,320
Non-official languages	1,130	1,010	650	82,020
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10
Straits	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10
Haisla	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,130	1,010	645	81,990
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	0	0	435
Berber languages	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	0	0	420
Amharic	0	0	0	20
Arabic	15	0	0	310
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50
Tigrigna	0	0	0	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,065
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10
Vietnamese	0	0	0	2,055
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	15	10	780
Bikol	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	15
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	40
Indonesian	0	0	0	85
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	10	10	615
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	60
Kannada	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	55
Telugu	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	275	465	365	23,100
Albanian	0	0	0	20
Armenian	0	0	0	20
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	10	810
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	15	10	805
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10
Czech	0	0	0	20
Macedonian	0	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0	75
Russian	0	15	10	575
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	80
Bosnian	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	70
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	25	0	175
Frisian	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	20	0	135
German	0	20	0	130
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25
Danish	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	15
Swedish	0	0	0	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	45
Indo-Iranian languages	225	295	300	19,215
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	17,275
Bengali	0	0	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	10
Hindi	0	0	0	490
Kacchi	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	16,665
Sindhi	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	225	290	295	1,945
Kurdish	0	0	0	25
Pashto	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	225	290	295	1,915
Dari	0	0	0	100
Iranian Persian	195	270	275	1,650
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	20	15	160
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	125	50	2,810
Catalan	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	20	0	110
Portuguese	0	40	0	480
Romanian	0	0	0	40
Spanish	15	65	40	2,185
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Japanese	15	45	40	1,750
Korean	40	130	125	6,260
Mongolian	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	210
American Sign Language	0	0	0	205
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	775	360	90	47,075
Chinese languages	775	355	90	47,020
Hakka	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	755	280	75	27,485
Min Dong	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	220
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	10
Yue (Cantonese)	15	75	20	19,220
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	60
Burmese	0	0	0	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	140
Lao	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	135
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	60
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	30
Estonian	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	405	410	300	30,705
English and French	10	75	45	1,495
English and non-official language(s)	395	330	250	28,315
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	10	85
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	785
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	21,270	51,935	37,010	1,564,385
None	19,590	49,630	35,220	1,440,905
English	420	615	430	30,370
French	115	335	275	8,795
Non-official language	1,005	1,150	900	65,900
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	125
Non-Indigenous	1,005	1,150	900	65,775
English and French	0	0	0	40
English and non-official language(s)	15	45	30	4,595
French and non-official language(s)	50	50	50	1,420
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	90	105	95	12,350
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,640	44,490	32,490	1,341,570
Worked at home	7,140	15,400	9,930	355,075
Worked outside Canada	290	180	95	7,935
No fixed workplace address	1,665	4,680	3,810	189,970
Usual place of work	8,550	24,225	18,650	788,585
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	8,550	24,225	18,650	788,585
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,050	7,600	6,825	365,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,295	16,305	11,600	407,305
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	155	215	175	13,135
Commute to a different province or territory	50	115	50	2,335
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	10,215	28,910	22,465	978,560
Car, truck or van	8,135	23,180	15,075	731,155
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,495	21,185	13,825	666,495
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	640	2,000	1,250	64,660
Public transit	710	2,655	3,400	146,055
Walked	790	1,660	2,760	62,435
Bicycle	170	640	545	18,225
Other method	395	775	685	20,695
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	10,215	28,910	22,465	978,560
Less than 15 minutes	2,810	7,740	6,990	202,980
15 to 29 minutes	4,070	11,860	8,150	341,035
30 to 44 minutes	2,060	6,245	4,575	258,225
45 to 59 minutes	775	1,910	1,630	96,495
60 minutes and over	505	1,160	1,120	79,825
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	10,215	28,910	22,465	978,560
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	220	1,105	1,030	62,540
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	925	3,970	3,220	148,575
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,115	7,700	5,625	219,885
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,785	7,425	5,715	212,645
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,995	5,215	3,920	185,195
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,175	3,495	2,945	149,725
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,210	18,415	8,995	461,375
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	1,665	775	27,520
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,430	16,750	8,220	433,850
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,805	14,305	6,400	338,220
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	680	1,290	560	21,560
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	425	760	365	13,055
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	535	195	8,510
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,130	13,015	5,845	316,660

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed January 17, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table