Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vernon, City (CY)More information: British Columbia [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	44,519	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	40,116^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	21,287	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	19,776	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	461.7	...	...	461.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	96.43	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	44,515	21,210	23,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,030	3,060	2,970	13.5	14.4	12.7
0 to 4 years	1,800	920	880	4.0	4.3	3.8
5 to 9 years	2,060	1,040	1,020	4.6	4.9	4.4
10 to 14 years	2,170	1,100	1,070	4.9	5.2	4.6
15 to 64 years	25,970	12,665	13,305	58.3	59.7	57.1
15 to 19 years	2,040	1,030	1,005	4.6	4.9	4.3
20 to 24 years	1,990	1,030	955	4.5	4.9	4.1
25 to 29 years	2,360	1,195	1,160	5.3	5.6	5.0
30 to 34 years	2,665	1,375	1,290	6.0	6.5	5.5
35 to 39 years	2,615	1,290	1,325	5.9	6.1	5.7
40 to 44 years	2,495	1,185	1,315	5.6	5.6	5.6
45 to 49 years	2,420	1,170	1,255	5.4	5.5	5.4
50 to 54 years	2,535	1,240	1,295	5.7	5.8	5.6
55 to 59 years	3,270	1,495	1,775	7.3	7.0	7.6
60 to 64 years	3,575	1,650	1,925	8.0	7.8	8.3
65 years and over	12,515	5,480	7,035	28.1	25.8	30.2
65 to 69 years	3,375	1,505	1,870	7.6	7.1	8.0
70 to 74 years	3,065	1,415	1,645	6.9	6.7	7.1
75 to 79 years	2,235	1,020	1,215	5.0	4.8	5.2
80 to 84 years	1,690	720	970	3.8	3.4	4.2
85 years and over	2,155	825	1,335	4.8	3.9	5.7
85 to 89 years	1,200	505	695	2.7	2.4	3.0
90 to 94 years	770	260	505	1.7	1.2	2.2
95 to 99 years	160	55	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
100 years and over	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.5	14.4	12.7	13.5	14.4	12.7
15 to 64 years	58.3	59.7	57.1	58.3	59.7	57.1
65 years and over	28.1	25.8	30.2	28.1	25.8	30.2
85 years and over	4.8	3.9	5.7	4.8	3.9	5.7
Average age of the population	47.2	45.6	48.6	47.2	45.6	48.6
Median age of the population	49.2	46.8	51.6	49.2	46.8	51.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	19,780	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	9,415	...	...	47.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,490	...	...	7.5	...	...
Row house	2,065	...	...	10.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,605	...	...	8.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,700	...	...	23.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	345	...	...	1.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	85	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	19,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,645	...	...	33.6	...	...
2 persons	7,665	...	...	38.8	...	...
3 persons	2,480	...	...	12.5	...	...
4 persons	1,905	...	...	9.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,090	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	43,060	20,580	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	38,490	18,150	20,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	21,235	10,610	10,625	55.2	58.5	52.2
Married	17,025	8,505	8,525	44.2	46.9	41.9
Living common-law	4,205	2,105	2,100	10.9	11.6	10.3
Living common law - Never married	2,765	1,390	1,370	7.2	7.7	6.7
Living common law - Separated	210	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,095	565	535	2.8	3.1	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	135	60	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	17,260	7,540	9,715	44.8	41.5	47.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,190	5,025	4,165	23.9	27.7	20.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,325	540	780	3.4	3.0	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,520	1,310	2,205	9.1	7.2	10.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,225	665	2,560	8.4	3.7	12.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	12,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	7,895	...	...	63.2	...	...
3 persons	2,185	...	...	17.5	...	...
4 persons	1,720	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	690	...	...	5.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	12,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,330	...	...	82.7	...	...
Married couples	8,230	...	...	65.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,140	...	...	25.1	...	...
Without children	5,090	...	...	40.8	...	...
Common-law couples	2,105	...	...	16.9	...	...
With children⁶	685	...	...	5.5	...	...
Without children	1,420	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,155	...	...	17.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,690	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	465	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	43,065	20,580	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	32,955	16,165	16,790	76.5	78.5	74.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	20,660	10,325	10,340	48.0	50.2	46.0
Parents in one-parent families	2,155	465	1,695	5.0	2.3	7.5
Children⁶	10,140	5,375	4,765	23.5	26.1	21.2
In a two-parent family	6,945	3,635	3,305	16.1	17.7	14.7
In a one-parent family	3,195	1,735	1,460	7.4	8.4	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,105	4,415	5,695	23.5	21.5	25.3
Living alone	6,640	2,625	4,015	15.4	12.8	17.9
Living with other relatives⁷	960	425	530	2.2	2.1	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	2,500	1,355	1,145	5.8	6.6	5.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	19,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,870	...	...	55.0	...	...
Couple-family households	9,235	...	...	46.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,380	...	...	17.1	...	...
Without children	5,855	...	...	29.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,635	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	405	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	150	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	735	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	975	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	6,640	...	...	33.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	37,035	17,520	19,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,220	17,100	19,120	97.8	97.6	98.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,200	35,200	39,200	45,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,240	17,110	19,130	97.9	97.7	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	40,800	32,400	36,000	40,800	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,265	15,480	16,785	87.1	88.4	86.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	39,600	25,000	31,400	39,600	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,300	11,660	11,635	62.9	66.6	59.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,200	27,600	33,600	41,200	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,295	14,125	17,170	84.5	80.6	88.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	12,400	13,400	13,100	12,400	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,870	1,970	1,900	10.4	11.2	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,240	5,520	5,480	5,240	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,770	4,080	4,690	23.7	23.3	24.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	37,085	17,540	19,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,385	17,205	19,190	98.1	98.1	98.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,840	56,550	41,920	48,840	56,550	41,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,430	17,225	19,200	98.2	98.2	98.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,240	48,240	36,800	42,240	48,240	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,395	15,675	16,720	87.4	89.4	85.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,600	51,200	34,520	42,600	51,200	34,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,315	11,720	11,590	62.9	66.8	59.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	50,920	34,960	43,000	50,920	34,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,310	14,130	17,175	84.4	80.6	87.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,680	12,000	13,240	12,680	12,000	13,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,945	2,000	1,950	10.6	11.4	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	6,000	6,900	6,440	6,000	6,900
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,580	4,025	4,555	23.1	22.9	23.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,840	8,680	8,980	8,840	8,680	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	37,085	17,545	19,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,985	5,755	4,230	26.9	32.8	21.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	64,000	51,600	58,800	64,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,300	72,800	57,550	66,300	72,800	57,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,165	4,590	5,570	27.4	26.2	28.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,600	17,600	19,400	22,600	17,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,120	33,040	24,100	28,120	33,040	24,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.6	82.6	71.8	77.6	82.6	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.4	61.4	50.3	56.4	61.4	50.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.4	17.4	28.3	22.4	17.4	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.5	6.8	5.5	4.5	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.6	5.1	4.3	3.6	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	37,035	17,515	19,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	820	415	400	2.2	2.4	2.0
With total income	36,215	17,100	19,115	97.8	97.6	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,480	1,055	1,425	6.8	6.2	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	4,470	1,710	2,760	12.3	10.0	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,250	2,450	3,800	17.3	14.3	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	5,305	2,225	3,080	14.6	13.0	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	4,450	1,955	2,490	12.3	11.4	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,490	1,710	1,775	9.6	10.0	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,575	1,370	1,205	7.1	8.0	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,915	1,125	790	5.3	6.6	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	1,365	835	530	3.8	4.9	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,050	665	390	2.9	3.9	2.0
$100,000 and over	2,865	2,000	865	7.9	11.7	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	1,955	1,315	645	5.4	7.7	3.4
$150,000 and over	905	685	225	2.5	4.0	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	37,035	17,515	19,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	800	405	390	2.2	2.3	2.0
With after-tax income	36,240	17,110	19,125	97.9	97.7	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,660	1,105	1,555	7.3	6.5	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	4,635	1,780	2,855	12.8	10.4	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	6,920	2,755	4,170	19.1	16.1	21.8
$30,000 to $39,999	6,240	2,675	3,560	17.2	15.6	18.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,940	2,265	2,670	13.6	13.2	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,485	1,850	1,635	9.6	10.8	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,425	1,395	1,030	6.7	8.2	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,640	1,010	635	4.5	5.9	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,105	715	395	3.0	4.2	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	640	420	215	1.8	2.5	1.1
$100,000 and over	1,555	1,135	420	4.3	6.6	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	800	575	230	2.2	3.4	1.2
$125,000 and over	750	565	185	2.1	3.3	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	37,035	17,515	19,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	13,735	5,855	7,885	37.1	33.4	40.4
With employment income	23,295	11,665	11,640	62.9	66.6	59.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,425	1,540	1,885	14.7	13.2	16.2
$5,000 to $9,999	1,880	770	1,110	8.1	6.6	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	3,025	1,235	1,785	13.0	10.6	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	2,420	1,050	1,370	10.4	9.0	11.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,435	1,090	1,350	10.5	9.3	11.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,155	1,050	1,105	9.3	9.0	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,870	980	890	8.0	8.4	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	1,400	815	590	6.0	7.0	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,170	725	450	5.0	6.2	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	920	585	335	3.9	5.0	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	720	445	275	3.1	3.8	2.4
$100,000 and over	1,880	1,390	490	8.1	11.9	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	940	660	280	4.0	5.7	2.4
$125,000 and over	935	730	210	4.0	6.3	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	37,035	17,520	19,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,520	16,715	18,805	95.9	95.4	96.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,400	32,000	36,800	44,400	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	35,580	16,730	18,850	96.1	95.5	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,200	29,400	33,600	39,200	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	32,105	15,335	16,775	86.7	87.5	85.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,800	26,600	32,800	40,800	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,700	12,225	12,475	66.7	69.8	63.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,000	27,200	32,800	40,000	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,385	11,290	15,090	71.2	64.4	77.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,600	10,900	10,400	10,600	10,900	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,090	1,590	1,505	8.3	9.1	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,440	5,200	5,320	5,440	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	37,085	17,540	19,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,635	16,815	18,820	96.1	95.9	96.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,000	55,200	39,680	47,000	55,200	39,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,735	16,830	18,905	96.4	96.0	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,080	46,320	34,560	40,080	46,320	34,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	32,245	15,530	16,720	86.9	88.5	85.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,320	52,250	35,040	43,320	52,250	35,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,820	12,385	12,435	66.9	70.6	63.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,720	49,800	33,680	41,720	49,800	33,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,505	11,360	15,150	71.5	64.8	77.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,480	10,270	10,640	10,480	10,270	10,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,105	1,615	1,490	8.4	9.2	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,860	6,305	7,460	6,860	6,305	7,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	37,085	17,545	19,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,935	5,735	4,200	26.8	32.7	21.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	62,400	46,800	55,200	62,400	46,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,050	69,800	53,800	63,050	69,800	53,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,635	4,345	5,295	26.0	24.8	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	29,000	22,000	25,000	29,000	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,360	39,560	28,320	33,360	39,560	28,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	87.4	78.4	83.4	87.4	78.4
Employment income (%)	61.9	66.4	56.1	61.9	66.4	56.1
Government transfers (%)	16.6	12.6	21.6	16.6	12.6	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	19,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,640	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	13,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	19,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,800	...	...	89,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...	77,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,520	...	...	46,520	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,000	...	...	41,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	13,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,200	...	...	96,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	19,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	150	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	160	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	535	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,100	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	795	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	785	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	985	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	890	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	880	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,530	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,530	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,340	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,280	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,170	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,565	...	...	33.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,215	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,515	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,610	...	...	8.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,225	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	19,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	180	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	175	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	555	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,145	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	885	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	935	...	...	4.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,075	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,045	...	...	5.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	930	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,750	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,670	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,560	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,425	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,210	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,140	...	...	26.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,125	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,280	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,735	...	...	8.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	12,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,145	3,980	5,160	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,400	35,200	36,400	38,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	35,200	32,800	34,000	35,200	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	12,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...	103,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...	88,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,400	...	...	141,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...	120,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,700	...	...	69,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,075	3,975	5,105	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,560	45,480	42,080	43,560	45,480	42,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,600	40,000	37,520	38,600	40,000	37,520
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	43,060	20,575	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,265	3,690	3,575	16.9	17.9	15.9
0 to 5 years	2,205	1,115	1,100	5.1	5.4	4.9
18 to 64 years	24,460	11,840	12,620	56.8	57.5	56.1
65 years and over	11,340	5,050	6,295	26.3	24.5	28.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,875	2,115	2,760	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	830	430	400	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	260	130	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,310	1,090	1,220	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,735	590	1,145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.3	12.3	11.3	10.3	12.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.7	11.1	11.4	11.7	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	12.0	11.6	11.8	12.0	11.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.2	9.7	9.5	9.2	9.7
65 years and over (%)	15.3	11.7	18.2	15.3	11.7	18.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	43,065	20,580	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,265	3,695	3,570	16.9	18.0	15.9
0 to 5 years	2,210	1,110	1,100	5.1	5.4	4.9
18 to 64 years	24,455	11,835	12,615	56.8	57.5	56.1
65 years and over	11,340	5,045	6,295	26.3	24.5	28.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,575	825	745	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	285	140	140	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	65	35	30	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,100	605	495	...	...	...
65 years and over	195	80	115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	4.0	3.3	3.7	4.0	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.4	2.6	3.0	3.4	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.5	5.1	3.9	4.5	5.1	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	43,060	20,580	22,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	23,370	10,755	12,615	54.3	52.3	56.1
In bottom decile	4,495	2,045	2,450	10.4	9.9	10.9
In second decile	5,050	2,215	2,840	11.7	10.8	12.6
In third decile	4,790	2,180	2,610	11.1	10.6	11.6
In fourth decile	4,425	2,095	2,330	10.3	10.2	10.4
In fifth decile	4,610	2,220	2,390	10.7	10.8	10.6
In top half of the distribution	19,690	9,825	9,865	45.7	47.7	43.9
In sixth decile	4,510	2,225	2,285	10.5	10.8	10.2
In seventh decile	4,305	2,105	2,195	10.0	10.2	9.8
In eighth decile	4,145	2,095	2,050	9.6	10.2	9.1
In ninth decile	3,565	1,785	1,780	8.3	8.7	7.9
In top decile	3,165	1,615	1,550	7.4	7.8	6.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	43,065	...	...	43,065	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	43,730	20,915	22,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	40,790	19,665	21,120	93.3	94.0	92.6
French only	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,750	1,165	1,585	6.3	5.6	6.9
Neither English nor French	190	85	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	43,730	20,915	22,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	43,035	20,610	22,425	98.4	98.5	98.3
French	460	205	255	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	180	75	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	43,730	20,915	22,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	42,945	20,575	22,370	98.2	98.4	98.0
Official languages	38,660	18,625	20,030	88.4	89.1	87.8
English	38,120	18,380	19,740	87.2	87.9	86.5
French	540	245	295	1.2	1.2	1.3
Non-official languages	4,285	1,950	2,340	9.8	9.3	10.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,260	1,935	2,320	9.7	9.3	10.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	370	125	245	0.8	0.6	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	305	100	200	0.7	0.5	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,130	1,485	1,640	7.2	7.1	7.2
Albanian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	700	295	405	1.6	1.4	1.8
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	695	290	405	1.6	1.4	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Russian	300	125	175	0.7	0.6	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	170	70	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,345	635	710	3.1	3.0	3.1
Frisian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	955	450	510	2.2	2.2	2.2
German	910	430	485	2.1	2.1	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	325	150	175	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	255	115	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	665	350	320	1.5	1.7	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	635	330	305	1.5	1.6	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	505	255	250	1.2	1.2	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	355	175	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	205	95	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	75	125	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	195	75	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	785	340	445	1.8	1.6	2.0
English and French	140	55	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	535	235	295	1.2	1.1	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	43,730	20,915	22,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	39,740	19,100	20,640	90.9	91.3	90.5
French	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	750	355	390	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	750	355	390	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and French	335	140	195	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	2,700	1,215	1,480	6.2	5.8	6.5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	43,730	20,915	22,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,165	20,670	22,500	98.7	98.8	98.6
Official languages	41,590	19,935	21,660	95.1	95.3	94.9
English	41,490	19,880	21,605	94.9	95.1	94.7
French	105	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-official languages	1,575	735	840	3.6	3.5	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,575	735	840	3.6	3.5	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	150	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,015	485	530	2.3	2.3	2.3
Albanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	85	115	0.4	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	195	85	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	135	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	115	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	195	95	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
German	185	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	445	215	225	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	435	215	220	1.0	1.0	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	355	170	185	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	560	245	315	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	505	225	280	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	43,730	20,915	22,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	41,010	19,685	21,330	93.8	94.1	93.5
English	700	330	375	1.6	1.6	1.6
French	270	110	160	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	1,415	640	775	3.2	3.1	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,390	630	760	3.2	3.0	3.3
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	43,115	20,605	22,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	42,950	20,540	22,415	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	42,940	20,535	22,410	99.6	99.7	99.6
French	2,750	1,180	1,575	6.4	5.7	7.0
Non-official languages	5,760	2,455	3,315	13.4	11.9	14.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,705	2,425	3,280	13.2	11.8	14.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	205	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	160	70	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	75	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	70	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	380	120	260	0.9	0.6	1.2
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	350	100	250	0.8	0.5	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,230	1,880	2,355	9.8	9.1	10.5
Albanian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	890	385	500	2.1	1.9	2.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	890	385	500	2.1	1.9	2.2
Belarusian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	120	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian	475	205	270	1.1	1.0	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	215	70	145	0.5	0.3	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,785	835	950	4.1	4.1	4.2
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,360	625	735	3.2	3.0	3.3
German	1,345	620	730	3.1	3.0	3.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	400	195	205	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afrikaans	85	50	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	280	120	155	0.6	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	755	335	415	1.8	1.6	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	710	310	400	1.6	1.5	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	235	105	140	0.5	0.5	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	580	235	340	1.3	1.1	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,035	435	595	2.4	2.1	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	65	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portuguese	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	790	320	470	1.8	1.6	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	205	60	150	0.5	0.3	0.7
Korean	110	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	110	50	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	95	180	0.6	0.5	0.8
Chinese languages	270	85	180	0.6	0.4	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	170	55	120	0.4	0.3	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	40	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	50	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,110	20,605	22,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,150	1,425	1,725	7.3	6.9	7.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,055	1,395	1,655	7.1	6.8	7.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,440	640	800	3.3	3.1	3.6
Métis	1,590	745	845	3.7	3.6	3.8
Inuk (Inuit)	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	39,965	19,180	20,785	92.7	93.1	92.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	43,110	20,605	22,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	930	405	530	2.2	2.0	2.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	42,180	20,200	21,980	97.8	98.0	97.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	13,065	...	...	66.0	...	...
Renter	6,725	...	...	34.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,570	...	...	23.1	...	...
Not condominium	15,220	...	...	76.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	225	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	2,660	...	...	13.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,875	...	...	29.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,775	...	...	29.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,250	...	...	26.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,015	...	...	30.4	...	...
5 rooms	2,865	...	...	14.5	...	...
6 rooms	2,615	...	...	13.2	...	...
7 rooms	2,165	...	...	10.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	6,140	...	...	31.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	19,610	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	175	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	19,180	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	610	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,315	...	...	11.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	6,275	...	...	31.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,310	...	...	11.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,590	...	...	18.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,095	...	...	5.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,505	...	...	7.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	885	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,820	...	...	9.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	18,650	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,145	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,180	...	...	51.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	8,675	...	...	43.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	935	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	465	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,225	...	...	11.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,810	...	...	14.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,800	...	...	14.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,030	...	...	20.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,865	...	...	19.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,475	...	...	12.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,115	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	19,740	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	14,925	...	...	75.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,810	...	...	24.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,335	...	...	22.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	19,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,060	...	...	30.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,380	...	...	22.1	...	...
Not suitable only	435	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	745	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	95	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	320	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	13,735	...	...	69.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	19,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,325	...	...	6.9	...	...
Not in core need	17,940	...	...	93.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,050	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.2	...	...	55.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.3	...	...	15.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,060	...	...	1,060	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,302	...	...	1,302	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	524,000	...	...	524,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	592,000	...	...	592,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,730	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.0	...	...	42.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,298	...	...	1,298	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	43,115	20,605	22,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	900	400	495	2.1	1.9	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	845	380	470	2.0	1.8	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	555	235	320	1.3	1.1	1.4
Métis single ancestry	275	135	140	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,520	1,170	1,350	5.8	5.7	6.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,455	1,140	1,315	5.7	5.5	5.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,465	620	850	3.4	3.0	3.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	985	520	465	2.3	2.5	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	65	30	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	39,690	19,030	20,660	92.1	92.4	91.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	43,115	20,600	22,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	41,095	19,715	21,380	95.3	95.7	95.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,055	3,545	3,510	16.4	17.2	15.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	34,040	16,165	17,875	79.0	78.5	79.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,015	890	1,130	4.7	4.3	5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	43,115	20,600	22,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	37,300	17,950	19,350	86.5	87.1	86.0
Immigrants⁸¹	5,345	2,420	2,925	12.4	11.7	13.0
Before 1980	2,185	980	1,205	5.1	4.8	5.4
1980 to 1990	580	260	320	1.3	1.3	1.4
1991 to 2000	570	280	290	1.3	1.4	1.3
2001 to 2010	950	415	535	2.2	2.0	2.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,055	480	580	2.4	2.3	2.6
2011 to 2015	465	215	245	1.1	1.0	1.1
2016 to 2021	590	260	325	1.4	1.3	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	470	240	235	1.1	1.2	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,345	2,420	2,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	630	345	290	11.8	14.3	9.9
5 to 14 years	1,080	495	585	20.2	20.5	20.0
15 to 24 years	1,260	545	715	23.6	22.5	24.5
25 to 44 years	2,000	895	1,110	37.4	37.0	38.0
45 years and over	365	145	225	6.8	6.0	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,345	2,420	2,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	715	265	450	13.4	11.0	15.4
Brazil	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	15	30	0.8	0.6	1.0
Mexico	35	10	25	0.7	0.4	0.9
Peru	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
United States of America	450	185	265	8.4	7.6	9.1
Other places of birth in Americas	105	30	75	2.0	1.2	2.6
Europe	2,830	1,420	1,410	52.9	58.7	48.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Germany	550	275	275	10.3	11.4	9.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.5
Italy	45	30	20	0.8	1.2	0.7
Netherlands	270	140	135	5.1	5.8	4.6
Poland	150	70	80	2.8	2.9	2.7
Portugal	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.7
Romania	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Russian Federation	75	35	45	1.4	1.4	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	85	30	50	1.6	1.2	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,030	505	530	19.3	20.9	18.2
Other places of birth in Europe	505	270	235	9.4	11.2	8.0
Africa	235	115	125	4.4	4.8	4.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	60	60	2.3	2.5	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	85	50	40	1.6	2.1	1.4
Asia	1,390	550	840	26.0	22.7	28.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	25	10	0.6	1.0	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	30	1.2	1.4	1.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	35	90	2.3	1.4	3.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	25	0.8	0.6	0.9
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.7
Philippines	315	100	215	5.9	4.1	7.4
Viet Nam	110	45	70	2.1	1.9	2.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	355	155	200	6.6	6.4	6.8
Pakistan	85	45	40	1.6	1.9	1.4
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	170	60	110	3.2	2.5	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	165	70	100	3.1	2.9	3.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	595	265	330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	100	40	60	16.8	15.1	18.2
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	4.2	3.8	4.5
Mexico	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.0
United States of America	50	25	25	8.4	9.4	7.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	105	45	60	17.6	17.0	18.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	0	15	3.4	0.0	4.5
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	1.7	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	40	35	10	6.7	13.2	3.0
Other places of birth in Europe	20	0	15	3.4	0.0	4.5
Africa	45	15	25	7.6	5.7	7.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	10	20	5.0	3.8	6.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	330	150	180	55.5	56.6	54.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	20	3.4	0.0	6.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	80	35	40	13.4	13.2	12.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	1.7	3.8	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	1.7	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	4.2	3.8	4.5
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	20	0	10	3.4	0.0	3.0
Philippines	95	30	70	16.0	11.3	21.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	25	10.9	13.2	7.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	15	15	0	2.5	5.7	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	2.5	5.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	43,110	20,605	22,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,215	2,890	3,325	14.4	14.0	14.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,345	4,015	4,330	19.4	19.5	19.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	28,555	13,700	14,850	66.2	66.5	66.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,160	1,440	1,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,600	825	775	50.6	57.3	45.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	645	400	245	20.4	27.8	14.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	955	430	535	30.2	29.9	31.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,245	460	785	39.4	31.9	45.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	280	150	135	8.9	10.4	7.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	0	20	0.8	0.0	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,160	1,440	1,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	30	10	15	0.9	0.7	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	625	305	325	19.8	21.2	18.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	100	45	55	3.2	3.1	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	120	55	65	3.8	3.8	3.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	35	20	20	1.1	1.4	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,240	1,005	1,240	70.9	69.8	72.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	43,110	20,605	22,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,465	1,535	1,930	8.0	7.4	8.6
South Asian	1,040	505	535	2.4	2.5	2.4
Chinese	410	180	230	1.0	0.9	1.0
Black	305	155	155	0.7	0.8	0.7
Filipino	490	170	325	1.1	0.8	1.4
Arab	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	205	65	140	0.5	0.3	0.6
Southeast Asian	235	100	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
West Asian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	110	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	325	135	190	0.8	0.7	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	100	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	39,645	19,065	20,585	92.0	92.5	91.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	43,115	20,600	22,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,435	2,650	2,785	12.6	12.9	12.4
English	12,785	6,020	6,760	29.7	29.2	30.0
Irish	7,700	3,595	4,105	17.9	17.5	18.2
Scottish	9,710	4,715	4,990	22.5	22.9	22.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,230	1,940	2,295	9.8	9.4	10.2
German	8,015	3,800	4,225	18.6	18.4	18.8
Chinese	455	200	260	1.1	1.0	1.2
Italian	1,160	550	610	2.7	2.7	2.7
Indian (India)	545	290	255	1.3	1.4	1.1
Ukrainian	3,575	1,605	1,975	8.3	7.8	8.8
Dutch	2,395	1,185	1,210	5.6	5.8	5.4
Polish	1,640	790	850	3.8	3.8	3.8
Québécois	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,060	1,005	1,050	4.8	4.9	4.7
Filipino	485	165	320	1.1	0.8	1.4
French Canadian	565	265	305	1.3	1.3	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	950	470	480	2.2	2.3	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	935	395	535	2.2	1.9	2.4
Métis	1,360	705	660	3.2	3.4	2.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,055	515	535	2.4	2.5	2.4
Russian	1,710	810	905	4.0	3.9	4.0
Norwegian	2,020	920	1,100	4.7	4.5	4.9
Welsh	1,420	690	730	3.3	3.3	3.2
Portuguese	150	85	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
American	920	415	510	2.1	2.0	2.3
Spanish	295	140	160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Swedish	1,335	615	720	3.1	3.0	3.2
Hungarian	510	260	255	1.2	1.3	1.1
Acadian	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pakistani	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	185	105	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
Punjabi	180	75	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Vietnamese	165	60	105	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Greek	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	435	170	265	1.0	0.8	1.2
Korean	115	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	365	145	220	0.8	0.7	1.0
Lebanese	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	100	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	560	285	275	1.3	1.4	1.2
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	315	125	190	0.7	0.6	0.8
Sikh	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austrian	780	360	420	1.8	1.7	1.9
Belgian	255	100	150	0.6	0.5	0.7
Haitian	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindu	80	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	110	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	185	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	355	180	175	0.8	0.9	0.8
Finnish	300	110	190	0.7	0.5	0.8
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	110	70	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	340	130	210	0.8	0.6	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	395	170	220	0.9	0.8	1.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	425	215	210	1.0	1.0	0.9
Colombian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	260	130	125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Syrian	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Newfoundlander	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	65	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	40	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	175	105	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australian	160	100	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	150	50	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Cuban	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
British Columbian	130	70	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	105	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	43,110	20,605	22,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	210	85	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Christian	17,585	7,700	9,885	40.8	37.4	43.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,915	1,790	2,125	9.1	8.7	9.4
Anabaptist	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	1,515	620	895	3.5	3.0	4.0
Baptist	730	330	400	1.7	1.6	1.8
Catholic	4,770	2,115	2,660	11.1	10.3	11.8
Christian Orthodox	155	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	415	160	255	1.0	0.8	1.1
Latter Day Saints	325	165	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
Lutheran	805	360	445	1.9	1.7	2.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	485	190	300	1.1	0.9	1.3
Presbyterian	285	110	170	0.7	0.5	0.8
Reformed	255	110	150	0.6	0.5	0.7
United Church	2,235	865	1,370	5.2	4.2	6.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,605	765	835	3.7	3.7	3.7
Hindu	230	125	110	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	90	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	395	205	190	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sikh	335	135	200	0.8	0.7	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	490	165	325	1.1	0.8	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	23,755	12,120	11,630	55.1	58.8	51.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	42,730	20,410	22,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	35,925	17,135	18,790	84.1	84.0	84.2
Movers	6,805	3,275	3,530	15.9	16.0	15.8
Non-migrants	3,545	1,705	1,845	8.3	8.4	8.3
Migrants	3,265	1,575	1,685	7.6	7.7	7.5
Internal migrants	2,980	1,475	1,505	7.0	7.2	6.7
Intraprovincial migrants	2,110	1,000	1,115	4.9	4.9	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	865	475	390	2.0	2.3	1.7
External migrants	285	100	180	0.7	0.5	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	41,300	19,665	21,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	20,435	9,615	10,820	49.5	48.9	50.0
Movers	20,860	10,050	10,810	50.5	51.1	50.0
Non-migrants	7,720	3,700	4,020	18.7	18.8	18.6
Migrants	13,150	6,350	6,795	31.8	32.3	31.4
Internal migrants	12,120	5,895	6,225	29.3	30.0	28.8
Intraprovincial migrants	8,840	4,195	4,645	21.4	21.3	21.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,280	1,700	1,580	7.9	8.6	7.3
External migrants	1,025	455	570	2.5	2.3	2.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,085	17,545	19,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,980	3,520	3,455	18.8	20.1	17.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	30,110	14,020	16,085	81.2	79.9	82.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,710	10,555	11,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,815	1,550	1,260	13.0	14.7	11.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,900	9,000	9,895	87.1	85.3	88.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	37,085	17,540	19,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,790	2,865	2,930	15.6	16.3	15.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,655	5,655	6,005	31.4	32.2	30.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,640	9,025	10,615	53.0	51.5	54.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,175	6,265	6,905	35.5	35.7	35.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,805	2,830	980	10.3	16.1	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,435	760	675	3.9	4.3	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,370	2,070	305	6.4	11.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,140	3,020	5,120	21.9	17.2	26.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,230	425	810	3.3	2.4	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,465	2,755	3,705	17.4	15.7	19.0
Bachelor's degree	4,215	1,695	2,520	11.4	9.7	12.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	500	190	305	1.3	1.1	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	280	160	120	0.8	0.9	0.6
Master's degree	1,345	630	715	3.6	3.6	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	130	85	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,715	10,555	11,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,240	1,270	965	10.3	12.0	8.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,500	3,400	3,105	29.9	32.2	27.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,975	5,890	7,090	59.8	55.8	63.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,485	4,035	4,450	39.1	38.2	39.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,225	1,695	530	10.2	16.1	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	840	460	380	3.9	4.4	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,380	1,230	150	6.4	11.7	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,460	2,045	3,415	25.1	19.4	30.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	795	295	505	3.7	2.8	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,495	1,850	2,645	20.7	17.5	23.7
Bachelor's degree	3,085	1,260	1,820	14.2	11.9	16.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	305	95	210	1.4	0.9	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	90	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	865	370	490	4.0	3.5	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	37,085	17,540	19,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,450	8,520	8,930	47.1	48.6	45.7
Education	1,890	550	1,335	5.1	3.1	6.8
13. Education	1,890	550	1,335	5.1	3.1	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	515	185	330	1.4	1.1	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	60	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	450	130	320	1.2	0.7	1.6
Humanities	695	280	410	1.9	1.6	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	190	45	140	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	80	130	0.5	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	50	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	60	45	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,680	465	1,220	4.5	2.7	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	85	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	390	30	355	1.1	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	295	60	235	0.8	0.3	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	305	95	205	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	465	175	290	1.3	1.0	1.5
Business, management and public administration	3,850	1,365	2,485	10.4	7.8	12.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	370	95	275	1.0	0.5	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,480	1,275	2,205	9.4	7.3	11.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	595	280	315	1.6	1.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	60	165	0.6	0.3	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	75	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	145	130	15	0.4	0.7	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	500	325	170	1.3	1.9	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	410	295	115	1.1	1.7	0.6
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,235	3,960	280	11.4	22.6	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	95	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	400	355	45	1.1	2.0	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	885	790	95	2.4	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,285	1,255	30	3.5	7.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	970	955	20	2.6	5.4	0.1
48. Precision production	595	555	35	1.6	3.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	615	400	210	1.7	2.3	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	265	145	120	0.7	0.8	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	350	260	95	0.9	1.5	0.5
Health and related fields	3,785	605	3,185	10.2	3.4	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	85	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,485	470	3,015	9.4	2.7	15.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	45	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,270	600	670	3.4	3.4	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	875	250	630	2.4	1.4	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	130	100	40	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	225	220	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	21,710	10,555	11,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,740	4,670	4,070	40.3	44.2	36.5
Education	1,015	290	725	4.7	2.7	6.5
13. Education	1,015	290	725	4.7	2.7	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	355	110	245	1.6	1.0	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	325	90	235	1.5	0.9	2.1
Humanities	475	215	260	2.2	2.0	2.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	125	35	90	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	145	65	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
54. History	40	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,255	335	915	5.8	3.2	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	150	85	60	0.7	0.8	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	300	30	275	1.4	0.3	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	240	40	205	1.1	0.4	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	210	65	140	1.0	0.6	1.3
45. Social sciences	295	105	190	1.4	1.0	1.7
Business, management and public administration	2,670	970	1,705	12.3	9.2	15.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	275	55	215	1.3	0.5	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,400	915	1,485	11.1	8.7	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	415	185	235	1.9	1.8	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	175	35	140	0.8	0.3	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	45	70	0.6	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	100	85	10	0.5	0.8	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	370	260	105	1.7	2.5	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	335	255	80	1.5	2.4	0.7
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,655	2,425	230	12.2	23.0	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	50	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.4
14. Engineering	265	215	45	1.2	2.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	575	495	80	2.6	4.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	830	810	25	3.8	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	590	580	15	2.7	5.5	0.1
48. Precision production	340	320	20	1.6	3.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	420	260	160	1.9	2.5	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	165	95	70	0.8	0.9	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	170	90	1.2	1.6	0.8
Health and related fields	2,495	445	2,050	11.5	4.2	18.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	170	70	100	0.8	0.7	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,275	350	1,925	10.5	3.3	17.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	845	395	455	3.9	3.7	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	595	175	420	2.7	1.7	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	100	65	35	0.5	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	135	0	0.6	1.3	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	21,710	10,555	11,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,740	4,670	4,070	40.3	44.2	36.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,975	5,885	7,085	59.8	55.8	63.5
Location of study inside Canada	11,580	5,270	6,315	53.3	49.9	56.6
Same as province or territory of residence	8,180	3,630	4,550	37.7	34.4	40.8
Different than province or territory of residence	3,400	1,630	1,770	15.7	15.4	15.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,395	620	775	6.4	5.9	6.9
Americas	385	170	215	1.8	1.6	1.9
United States of America	335	165	170	1.5	1.6	1.5
Mexico	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	375	175	195	1.7	1.7	1.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	55	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Netherlands	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	80	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	35	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	505	195	310	2.3	1.8	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	20	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	210	55	150	1.0	0.5	1.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	145	70	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	75	50	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Australia	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	37,085	17,540	19,545	...	...	...
In the labour force	20,930	10,810	10,115	...	...	...
Employed	19,210	9,920	9,300	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,715	895	820	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	16,155	6,730	9,425	...	...	...
Participation rate	56.4	61.6	51.8	56.4	61.6	51.8
Employment rate	51.8	56.6	47.6	51.8	56.6	47.6
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.3	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	37,085	17,540	19,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	15,975	6,635	9,345	43.1	37.8	47.8
Worked	21,115	10,910	10,200	56.9	62.2	52.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,285	5,930	4,355	27.7	33.8	22.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,825	4,980	5,845	29.2	28.4	29.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.2	39.8	40.5	41.2	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,925	10,810	10,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	395	235	160	1.9	2.2	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,535	10,575	9,960	98.1	97.8	98.5
Employee	17,225	8,695	8,530	82.3	80.4	84.3
Permanent position	14,330	7,330	7,005	68.5	67.8	69.3
Temporary position	2,890	1,365	1,530	13.8	12.6	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	760	375	385	3.6	3.5	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,130	990	1,140	10.2	9.2	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,310	1,885	1,425	15.8	17.4	14.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,925	10,810	10,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	395	235	160	1.9	2.2	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,535	10,575	9,960	98.1	97.8	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	185	125	65	0.9	1.2	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,805	695	2,110	13.4	6.4	20.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,155	925	230	5.5	8.6	2.3
3 Health occupations	1,965	355	1,605	9.4	3.3	15.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,065	625	1,435	9.9	5.8	14.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	555	230	320	2.7	2.1	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	6,505	2,880	3,625	31.1	26.6	35.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,925	3,585	335	18.8	33.2	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	555	445	115	2.7	4.1	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	825	700	125	3.9	6.5	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,925	10,810	10,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	395	235	160	1.9	2.2	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	20,535	10,575	9,960	98.1	97.8	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	450	280	165	2.2	2.6	1.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	185	160	25	0.9	1.5	0.2
22 Utilities	220	160	60	1.1	1.5	0.6
23 Construction	2,065	1,785	285	9.9	16.5	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,455	1,140	315	7.0	10.5	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	575	405	170	2.7	3.7	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	3,400	1,650	1,755	16.2	15.3	17.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	785	595	185	3.8	5.5	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	210	125	80	1.0	1.2	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	465	150	315	2.2	1.4	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	380	190	195	1.8	1.8	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,290	700	600	6.2	6.5	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	815	465	350	3.9	4.3	3.5
61 Educational services	1,180	365	815	5.6	3.4	8.1
62 Health care and social assistance	3,160	565	2,595	15.1	5.2	25.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	560	305	255	2.7	2.8	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	1,690	770	925	8.1	7.1	9.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	955	450	500	4.6	4.2	4.9
91 Public administration	645	300	350	3.1	2.8	3.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	22,840	11,685	11,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,385	11,485	10,900	98.0	98.3	97.7
French	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	135	50	85	0.6	0.4	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	215	105	115	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	22,840	11,685	11,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,815	11,665	11,150	99.9	99.8	99.9
Official languages	22,740	11,630	11,105	99.6	99.5	99.5
English	22,655	11,595	11,055	99.2	99.2	99.1
French	85	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	80	40	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	40	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	22,840	11,685	11,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,515	11,545	10,965	98.6	98.8	98.3
English	55	20	40	0.2	0.2	0.4
French	95	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	150	60	90	0.7	0.5	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	60	85	0.6	0.5	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	19,215	9,915	9,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,605	1,235	1,370	13.6	12.5	14.7
Worked outside Canada	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	3,105	2,225	880	16.2	22.4	9.5
Usual place of work	13,445	6,420	7,030	70.0	64.8	75.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	13,445	6,420	7,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	9,670	4,055	5,615	71.9	63.2	79.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,950	1,225	730	14.5	19.1	10.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,685	1,040	650	12.5	16.2	9.2
Commute to a different province or territory	140	105	35	1.0	1.6	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,555	8,650	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,520	7,600	6,920	87.7	87.9	87.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,265	6,970	6,295	80.1	80.6	79.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,255	635	625	7.6	7.3	7.9
Public transit	240	85	155	1.4	1.0	2.0
Walked	1,170	535	640	7.1	6.2	8.1
Bicycle	240	175	65	1.4	2.0	0.8
Other method	380	250	135	2.3	2.9	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,555	8,650	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,515	3,805	4,710	51.4	44.0	59.5
15 to 29 minutes	4,860	2,665	2,200	29.4	30.8	27.8
30 to 44 minutes	1,795	1,175	620	10.8	13.6	7.8
45 to 59 minutes	735	520	220	4.4	6.0	2.8
60 minutes and over	655	490	170	4.0	5.7	2.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,555	8,650	7,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,035	760	275	6.3	8.8	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,905	1,930	975	17.5	22.3	12.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,205	2,180	2,030	25.4	25.2	25.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,900	1,570	2,330	23.6	18.2	29.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,070	830	1,235	12.5	9.6	15.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,445	1,375	1,070	14.8	15.9	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,430	3,765	3,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	660	320	335	8.9	8.5	9.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	6,770	3,445	3,330	91.1	91.5	90.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,475	2,775	2,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	500	240	255	9.1	8.6	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	145	165	5.7	5.2	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	190	95	90	3.5	3.4	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,975	2,535	2,445	90.9	91.4	90.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed April 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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