Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Wasaga Beach, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	24,862	...	...
Population, 2016¹	20,675	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	20.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	13,768	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,811	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	433.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	57.42	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	24,860	12,105	12,755
0 to 14 years	2,905	1,485	1,425
0 to 4 years	865	440	420
5 to 9 years	950	500	450
10 to 14 years	1,090	545	545
15 to 64 years	13,340	6,565	6,775
15 to 19 years	985	525	465
20 to 24 years	920	475	445
25 to 29 years	1,045	545	500
30 to 34 years	1,085	570	515
35 to 39 years	1,220	590	625
40 to 44 years	1,170	590	580
45 to 49 years	1,195	590	610
50 to 54 years	1,410	655	755
55 to 59 years	2,025	965	1,065
60 to 64 years	2,280	1,070	1,215
65 years and over	8,615	4,055	4,555
65 to 69 years	2,535	1,145	1,390
70 to 74 years	2,525	1,190	1,330
75 to 79 years	1,760	875	885
80 to 84 years	1,015	480	535
85 years and over	785	370	415
85 to 89 years	555	280	275
90 to 94 years	200	85	120
95 to 99 years	25	5	20
100 years and over	5	0	5
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.7	12.3	11.2
15 to 64 years	53.7	54.2	53.1
65 years and over	34.7	33.5	35.7
85 years and over	3.2	3.1	3.3
Average age of the population	50.4	49.6	51.2
Median age of the population	56.4	55.2	57.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,810	...	...
Single-detached house	8,935	...	...
Semi-detached house	250	...	...
Row house	910	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	145	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	510	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	30	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,815	...	...
1 person	2,850	...	...
2 persons	4,820	...	...
3 persons	1,430	...	...
4 persons	1,080	...	...
5 or more persons	635	...	...
Number of persons in private households	24,585	11,970	12,610
Average household size	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	21,955	10,620	11,335
Married or living common-law	13,730	6,865	6,870
Married	11,345	5,670	5,670
Living common-law	2,390	1,190	1,195
Living common law - Never married	1,265	650	615
Living common law - Separated	195	85	110
Living common law - Divorced	780	395	385
Living common law - Widowed	150	60	95
Not married and not living common-law	8,225	3,760	4,465
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,355	2,445	1,910
Not married and not living common law - Separated	775	330	445
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,460	605	860
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,630	385	1,245
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,910	...	...
2 persons	5,175	...	...
3 persons	1,400	...	...
4 persons	970	...	...
5 or more persons	365	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,915	...	...
Total couple families	6,755	...	...
Married couples	5,555	...	...
With children⁶	1,845	...	...
Without children	3,710	...	...
Common-law couples	1,195	...	...
With children⁶	445	...	...
Without children	750	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,160	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	915	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	250	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	24,585	11,970	12,610
Total - Persons in census families	20,375	10,115	10,255
Married spouses or common-law partners	13,500	6,740	6,765
Parents in one-parent families	1,160	245	915
Children⁶	5,715	3,130	2,580
In a two-parent family	3,960	2,135	1,830
In a one-parent family	1,750	1,000	750
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,210	1,855	2,355
Living alone	2,845	1,230	1,620
Living with other relatives⁷	605	200	405
Living with non-relatives only	760	420	335
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,810	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,860	...	...
Couple-family households	6,045	...	...
With children⁶	1,990	...	...
Without children	4,055	...	...
One-parent-family households	810	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	350	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	365	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	320	...	...
One-person households	2,845	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	21,685	10,490	11,190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,245	10,275	10,975
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,255	10,275	10,975
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,650	9,230	9,420
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,200	34,000	20,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,465	6,490	5,980
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,200	34,400	23,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,760	9,415	10,340
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,500	14,500	14,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,755	835	920
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,640	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,375	2,590	2,790
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	21,685	10,490	11,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,205	10,260	10,945
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,920	51,750	40,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,225	10,270	10,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,560	44,120	35,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,635	9,240	9,400
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,920	44,080	31,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,470	6,465	6,000
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,520	34,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,625	9,330	10,290
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,600	13,280	13,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,720	875	840
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,280	6,440	6,110
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,180	2,545	2,635
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,660	9,620	9,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	21,685	10,490	11,195
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,045	2,725	2,315
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,400	69,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,100	75,100	59,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,950	2,435	2,515
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	19,200	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,360	30,160	22,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	72.6	76.6	67.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.7	55.4	47.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	27.4	23.3	32.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.1	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	5.2	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.1	4.6	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	21,685	10,490	11,195
Without total income	440	220	220
With total income	21,245	10,270	10,970
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,375	555	825
$10,000 to $19,999	3,080	1,120	1,955
$20,000 to $29,999	3,970	1,680	2,295
$30,000 to $39,999	3,105	1,380	1,730
$40,000 to $49,999	2,580	1,280	1,295
$50,000 to $59,999	1,865	970	895
$60,000 to $69,999	1,400	785	615
$70,000 to $79,999	1,040	630	415
$80,000 to $89,999	745	465	275
$90,000 to $99,999	565	380	180
$100,000 and over	1,505	1,015	495
$100,000 to $149,999	1,100	715	385
$150,000 and over	405	300	105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	21,685	10,490	11,195
Without after-tax income	430	215	215
With after-tax income	21,255	10,275	10,980
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,520	595	930
$10,000 to $19,999	3,205	1,175	2,035
$20,000 to $29,999	4,420	1,875	2,550
$30,000 to $39,999	3,550	1,680	1,875
$40,000 to $49,999	2,770	1,410	1,360
$50,000 to $59,999	1,930	1,080	850
$60,000 to $69,999	1,315	780	530
$70,000 to $79,999	895	585	310
$80,000 to $89,999	615	380	230
$90,000 to $99,999	325	210	115
$100,000 and over	710	515	190
$100,000 to $124,999	385	285	100
$125,000 and over	320	235	90
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	21,685	10,490	11,195
Without employment income	9,215	4,005	5,210
With employment income	12,470	6,485	5,980
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,560	1,320	1,235
$5,000 to $9,999	1,145	510	640
$10,000 to $19,999	1,580	700	885
$20,000 to $29,999	1,155	505	650
$30,000 to $39,999	1,070	490	580
$40,000 to $49,999	945	455	485
$50,000 to $59,999	795	405	390
$60,000 to $69,999	720	430	290
$70,000 to $79,999	565	355	210
$80,000 to $89,999	465	310	160
$90,000 to $99,999	395	245	155
$100,000 and over	1,065	760	310
$100,000 to $124,999	580	395	180
$125,000 and over	490	360	125
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	21,685	10,490	11,190
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,000	10,150	10,850
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	42,000	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,015	10,155	10,865
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,000	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,605	9,195	9,415
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	36,000	22,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	12,795	6,640	6,155
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	36,000	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,935	9,055	9,875
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,400	9,200	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,355	640	715
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,640	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	21,685	10,490	11,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,990	10,135	10,855
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,120	51,080	37,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,005	10,140	10,865
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,880	43,280	32,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,585	9,225	9,360
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320	46,480	32,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,870	6,645	6,225
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,920	34,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,805	8,965	9,840
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,380	9,950	10,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,295	630	670
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	7,080	6,960
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	21,685	10,490	11,195
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,015	2,690	2,325
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	66,000	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,300	73,500	55,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	4,790	2,340	2,450
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	25,800	19,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,240	38,880	25,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	79.0	82.8	74.0
Employment income (%)	57.9	61.5	53.2
Government transfers (%)	21.1	17.2	26.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.9	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,815	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,845	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,965	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,815	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,860	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,950	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,815	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	45	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	80	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	165	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	375	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	370	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	325	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	475	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	515	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	495	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,060	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	915	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	860	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	775	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	650	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,615	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,285	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	795	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	910	...	...
$200,000 and over	625	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,815	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	95	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	160	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	395	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	425	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	415	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	495	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	610	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,260	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,065	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	790	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	705	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,710	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,115	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	695	...	...
$150,000 and over	900	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,740	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,105	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,365	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,005	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,610	1,655	1,950
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	40,800	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	37,200	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,780	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,120	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,365	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,010	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,585	1,665	1,920
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,480	47,760	47,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,840	41,040	40,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	24,585	11,975	12,615
0 to 17 years	3,485	1,775	1,705
0 to 5 years	1,055	545	510
18 to 64 years	12,610	6,180	6,430
65 years and over	8,495	4,015	4,480
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,165	990	1,175
0 to 17 years	345	175	170
0 to 5 years	105	60	45
18 to 64 years	1,095	525	565
65 years and over	725	285	440
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.8	8.2	9.3
0 to 17 years (%)	9.9	9.9	9.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.0	10.8	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.7	8.6	8.8
65 years and over (%)	8.5	7.1	9.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	24,585	11,970	12,610
0 to 17 years	3,480	1,780	1,710
0 to 5 years	1,050	545	510
18 to 64 years	12,610	6,185	6,430
65 years and over	8,490	4,015	4,475
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	600	305	295
0 to 17 years	95	40	50
0 to 5 years	20	15	10
18 to 64 years	430	240	195
65 years and over	75	30	50
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.5	2.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.6	2.2	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	2.2	2.4	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.4	3.8	3.0
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.7	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	24,585	11,975	12,610
In bottom half of the distribution	13,340	6,390	6,950
In bottom decile	1,830	885	945
In second decile	2,690	1,220	1,465
In third decile	3,080	1,445	1,635
In fourth decile	2,925	1,425	1,505
In fifth decile	2,810	1,415	1,395
In top half of the distribution	11,245	5,585	5,660
In sixth decile	2,770	1,345	1,420
In seventh decile	2,600	1,275	1,325
In eighth decile	2,255	1,115	1,145
In ninth decile	1,985	1,025	965
In top decile	1,630	830	805
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	24,585	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.293	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	24,855	12,105	12,750
English only	23,330	11,435	11,895
French only	10	5	5
English and French	1,390	610	780
Neither English nor French	130	55	75
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	24,855	12,105	12,750
English	24,255	11,830	12,420
French	440	210	230
English and French	35	15	25
Neither English nor French	130	55	75
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	24,855	12,105	12,750
Single responses	24,455	11,915	12,540
Official languages	21,405	10,460	10,945
English	20,920	10,240	10,675
French	490	220	265
Non-official languages	3,050	1,450	1,600
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,050	1,450	1,600
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	20
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	5	0	0
Maltese	25	10	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5
Vietnamese	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	80	20	65
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	15	55
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	0	5
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	2,625	1,270	1,355
Albanian	10	5	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	810	400	410
Baltic languages	100	50	50
Latvian	10	5	5
Lithuanian	90	45	45
Slavic languages	710	345	360
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	5	5	5
Czech	25	10	20
Macedonian	50	25	25
Polish	335	155	175
Russian	145	70	75
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	70	40	30
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	45	20	25
Serbian	20	15	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	15	10	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	5
Ukrainian	45	25	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	515	225	295
Frisian	5	5	5
High German languages	360	150	205
German	345	150	200
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	10	5	5
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	55	65
Afrikaans	0	5	0
Dutch	110	55	60
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0
Scandinavian languages	30	10	20
Danish	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	5	5
Swedish	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	30	10	20
Indo-Iranian languages	155	85	70
Indo-Aryan languages	115	65	50
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	30	15	15
Hindi	25	10	10
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	15
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	5	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	40	25	20
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	20	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,100	540	555
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	585	310	280
Portuguese	290	145	150
Romanian	25	15	15
Spanish	190	80	110
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	5
Korean	30	15	15
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	5	0
American Sign Language	5	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	45	45
Chinese languages	90	45	45
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	45	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	115	50	60
Estonian	10	5	10
Finnish	20	10	10
Hungarian	80	40	45
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	400	190	205
English and French	85	35	55
English and non-official language(s)	270	145	130
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	24,855	12,105	12,750
English	22,235	10,875	11,360
French	90	45	50
Non-official language	515	250	265
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	515	250	265
English and French	220	95	125
English and non-official language(s)	1,685	795	890
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	15	50
Multiple non-official languages	45	30	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	24,855	12,105	12,750
Single responses	24,545	11,970	12,575
Official languages	23,545	11,475	12,070
English	23,420	11,415	12,005
French	125	60	65
Non-official languages	1,000	495	505
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,000	495	505
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	5	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	30	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15	5	10
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	10
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	830	410	420
Albanian	5	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	355	170	185
Baltic languages	25	10	15
Latvian	5	5	5
Lithuanian	20	10	15
Slavic languages	330	160	170
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	10	5	5
Macedonian	10	5	10
Polish	170	85	85
Russian	105	55	50
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	30	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	15	5	5
Serbian	15	10	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	35	15	15
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	30	15	20
German	30	15	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	80	50	30
Indo-Aryan languages	60	40	20
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	10	10
Hindi	15	15	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	5
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	20	10	10
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	15	10	10
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	15	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	340	165	180
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	140	65	75
Portuguese	110	55	55
Romanian	10	5	5
Spanish	85	40	45
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	20	10	10
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	5	0	5
American Sign Language	0	5	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	25	25
Chinese languages	55	25	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	30	20	15
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	310	135	180
English and French	35	15	20
English and non-official language(s)	265	115	150
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	24,855	12,105	12,750
None	23,110	11,280	11,825
English	440	220	220
French	165	75	90
Non-official language	985	460	525
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	985	455	525
English and French	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15
French and non-official language(s)	45	10	35
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	75	45	30
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	24,585	11,975	12,610
Official languages	24,495	11,935	12,560
English	24,475	11,925	12,550
French	1,390	585	805
Non-official languages	3,670	1,820	1,860
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,665	1,815	1,850
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	75	40	35
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	15	0
Maltese	35	15	20
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	110	30	80
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	10	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	105	25	80
Waray-Waray	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	15	10	10
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0
Morisyen	10	0	0
Sango	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0
Dravidian languages	10	10	10
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	10	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	3,230	1,625	1,610
Albanian	10	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	940	490	450
Baltic languages	75	50	20
Latvian	20	15	0
Lithuanian	55	35	20
Slavic languages	865	440	425
Belarusian	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	10	15
Czech	40	20	20
Macedonian	55	40	20
Polish	395	195	200
Russian	200	105	95
Rusyn	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	90	40	50
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	40	10	30
Serbian	50	30	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	10	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	20	10
Ukrainian	100	40	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	670	275	395
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	500	215	285
German	495	215	280
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	60	100
Afrikaans	10	0	10
Dutch	150	60	90
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	35	10	20
Danish	10	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	25	10	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	55	30	25
Indo-Iranian languages	220	150	70
Indo-Aryan languages	190	135	55
Assamese	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	90	60	30
Hindi	105	90	15
Kacchi	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	80	30
Rohingya	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	10	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	15	15
Baluchi	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	15	15
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,450	740	710
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	770	410	365
Portuguese	300	150	145
Romanian	50	35	25
Spanish	395	185	210
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	15	10	0
Korean	30	10	25
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	10	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Sign languages	20	0	10
American Sign Language	20	0	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	65	40	25
Chinese languages	65	40	25
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	40	20	20
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	20	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	145	75	70
Estonian	15	10	0
Finnish	30	15	15
Hungarian	95	45	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	24,585	11,970	12,610
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	780	405	370
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	740	395	345
First Nations (North American Indian)	365	215	150
Métis	370	180	190
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	10	15
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous identity	23,810	11,565	12,245
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	24,585	11,970	12,610
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	165	95	70
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	24,425	11,885	12,545
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,810	...	...
Owner	9,235	...	...
Renter	1,575	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,810	...	...
Condominium	1,010	...	...
Not condominium	9,810	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,810	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...
1 bedroom	585	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,915	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,100	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,810	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,025	...	...
5 rooms	1,920	...	...
6 rooms	1,755	...	...
7 rooms	1,655	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,450	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,810	...	...
One person or fewer per room	10,770	...	...
More than one person per room	40	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,810	...	...
Suitable	10,525	...	...
Not suitable	285	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,810	...	...
1960 or before	895	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,655	...	...
1981 to 1990	965	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,190	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,255	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,515	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,080	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,250	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,810	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	10,405	...	...
Major repairs needed	405	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,810	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,940	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,445	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	425	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,810	...	...
15 to 24 years	80	...	...
25 to 34 years	690	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,145	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,355	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,345	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,980	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,715	...	...
85 years and over	495	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,780	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,620	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,155	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,965	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,810	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,645	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,975	...	...
Not suitable only	230	...	...
Major repairs needed only	245	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	45	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,165	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,590	...	...
In core need	700	...	...
Not in core need	9,885	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,235	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	51.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,184	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	634,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,580	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.2	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,428	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	24,585	11,975	12,615
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	210	100	105
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	210	100	105
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	110	70	45
Métis single ancestry	100	35	60
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	745	380	370
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	725	380	350
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	515	270	245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	95	90
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	23,630	11,485	12,145
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	24,585	11,975	12,615
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	23,920	11,635	12,285
Canadian citizens aged under 18	3,410	1,755	1,655
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	20,510	9,885	10,630
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	665	335	330
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	24,585	11,975	12,615
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	20,170	9,800	10,370
Immigrants⁸¹	4,280	2,070	2,205
Before 1980	2,765	1,360	1,400
1980 to 1990	550	270	280
1991 to 2000	395	200	195
2001 to 2010	305	125	180
2011 to 2021⁸²	270	115	150
2011 to 2015	115	55	60
2016 to 2021	145	60	85
Non-permanent residents⁸³	140	100	35
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,275	2,075	2,205
Under 5 years	530	260	270
5 to 14 years	1,000	480	515
15 to 24 years	1,165	600	565
25 to 44 years	1,375	645	730
45 years and over	205	80	120
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,275	2,075	2,205
Americas	515	230	280
Brazil	15	0	15
Colombia	0	0	0
El Salvador	10	0	0
Guyana	65	40	20
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	50	30	20
Mexico	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	35	25	15
United States of America	140	60	85
Other places of birth in Americas	170	75	95
Europe	3,330	1,625	1,710
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Croatia	35	10	20
France	25	20	10
Germany	315	160	155
Greece	40	30	10
Hungary	50	30	25
Italy	430	235	195
Netherlands	140	65	75
Poland	295	140	155
Portugal	225	115	110
Romania	65	30	40
Russian Federation	80	40	45
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10
Ukraine	40	20	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,210	525	685
Other places of birth in Europe	355	185	170
Africa	65	45	20
Algeria	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Egypt	20	20	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0
Asia	335	170	170
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15
Iraq	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	10	10	0
China⁹⁰	40	30	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Philippines	100	35	70
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
India	60	20	35
Pakistan	10	10	0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	35	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	25	10	15
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	150	65	85
Americas	35	20	15
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0
United States of America	10	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10
Europe	50	20	25
France	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
Italy	10	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	25	15	10
Other places of birth in Europe	10	0	10
Africa	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	60	15	40
Afghanistan	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
India	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0
Philippines	30	10	20
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	24,585	11,970	12,610
First generation¹⁰⁰	4,595	2,255	2,340
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,965	2,390	2,570
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,030	7,325	7,700
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,515	705	810
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	695	320	380
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	250	170	80
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	450	150	295
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	510	215	300
Refugees¹⁰⁸	285	160	125
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	15	10
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,515	705	810
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	75	40	35
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	195	95	100
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	25	10
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	50	20	25
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	10	10
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,145	520	620
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	24,585	11,970	12,610
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,275	650	630
South Asian	260	165	95
Chinese	110	55	60
Black	285	160	125
Filipino	175	75	100
Arab	10	10	0
Latin American	175	60	115
Southeast Asian	15	0	10
West Asian	35	20	20
Korean	35	0	30
Japanese	10	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	75	40	45
Multiple visible minorities	80	55	25
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	23,310	11,325	11,985
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	24,585	11,975	12,615
Canadian	4,085	1,900	2,185
English	6,945	3,160	3,785
Irish	5,005	2,220	2,780
Scottish	5,050	2,360	2,695
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,040	995	1,050
German	2,405	1,185	1,225
Chinese	165	85	80
Italian	2,075	1,105	975
Indian (India)	165	115	55
Ukrainian	705	300	410
Dutch	1,090	525	565
Polish	975	475	500
Québécois	50	20	30
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,420	745	675
Filipino	175	85	90
French Canadian	260	95	160
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	590	295	300
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	210	125	85
Métis	315	140	175
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	275	145	130
Russian	220	90	130
Norwegian	90	30	60
Welsh	490	215	270
Portuguese	540	265	275
American	280	145	140
Spanish	270	145	125
Swedish	125	35	95
Hungarian	255	125	130
Acadian	75	35	45
Pakistani	15	10	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	65	30	30
Jewish	130	70	55
Punjabi	55	30	25
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0
Greek	225	120	105
Jamaican	80	25	55
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	0	20
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	65	40	30
Korean	35	10	30
Romanian	105	45	60
Lebanese	35	20	10
Iranian	15	0	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	95	30	65
Danish	150	75	75
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	100	55	45
Sikh	0	0	0
Austrian	125	60	65
Belgian	120	60	60
Haitian	0	0	0
Hindu	40	20	20
Mexican	15	10	10
Mennonite	40	20	15
Swiss	80	55	25
Finnish	125	70	55
Sri Lankan	0	0	0
Croatian	100	60	40
Japanese	30	10	15
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	85	40	45
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	135	75	60
Muslim	0	0	0
Egyptian	25	10	15
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	25	0	25
Tamil	15	0	10
Icelandic	10	0	0
Colombian	25	15	10
Moroccan	0	0	0
Czech	115	75	40
Syrian	0	0	0
Guyanese	60	30	30
Afghan	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	10	0
Serbian	105	55	50
Ojibway	75	35	45
Newfoundlander	140	65	70
Hong Konger	0	0	0
Ontarian	180	90	90
Persian	10	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	70	40	30
Turkish	20	15	10
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	25	10	10
Bangladeshi	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0
Brazilian	45	15	25
Nigerian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Slovak	50	15	30
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	25	20
Somali	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0
African Caribbean	55	30	20
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	10
Algonquin	60	30	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	70	40	30
Lithuanian	95	70	25
South African	25	15	10
Australian	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0
Chilean	30	15	20
Congolese	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	15	35
Peruvian	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0
Albanian	10	0	0
Maltese	110	60	55
Macedonian	165	105	60
Slovenian	65	45	20
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	20
New Brunswicker	15	15	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0
Israeli	15	10	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	0	25
Bulgarian	50	15	35
Albertan	0	0	0
Ghanaian	20	10	10
Barbadian	10	0	0
African American	10	10	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	10	0
Tunisian	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0
Latvian	45	20	25
Bengali	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0
Guatemalan	35	10	20
Indonesian	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Northern Irish	80	20	55
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	20	10
British Columbian	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	60	25	25
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10
Argentinian	20	10	10
Estonian	25	20	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Byelorussian	20	0	15
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	15
Abenaki	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	15
New Zealander	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	20	20
Malaysian	10	10	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	10
Burundian	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0
Grenadian	55	30	20
Malayali	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	20	10	10
Flemish	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0
Uruguayan	30	20	10
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	24,585	11,970	12,610
Buddhist	45	20	25
Christian	14,650	6,805	7,850
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,455	690	770
Anabaptist	90	40	45
Anglican	1,600	680	920
Baptist	250	110	135
Catholic	6,455	3,075	3,380
Christian Orthodox	280	155	130
Jehovah's Witness	135	55	85
Latter Day Saints	10	10	0
Lutheran	325	135	195
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	65	20	45
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	405	190	220
Presbyterian	745	360	390
Reformed	55	25	30
United Church	1,835	830	1,005
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	940	430	510
Hindu	145	95	45
Jewish	90	45	45
Muslim	80	30	45
Sikh	30	15	15
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	125	55	65
No religion and secular perspectives	9,410	4,890	4,520
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	24,475	11,915	12,560
Non-movers	20,780	10,120	10,665
Movers	3,700	1,795	1,900
Non-migrants	820	400	420
Migrants	2,875	1,395	1,485
Internal migrants	2,835	1,370	1,470
Intraprovincial migrants	2,755	1,330	1,425
Interprovincial migrants	80	40	40
External migrants	35	25	10
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	23,750	11,570	12,180
Non-movers	12,850	6,295	6,555
Movers	10,900	5,275	5,625
Non-migrants	2,095	985	1,110
Migrants	8,805	4,290	4,515
Internal migrants	8,595	4,150	4,450
Intraprovincial migrants	8,175	3,935	4,235
Interprovincial migrants	430	220	210
External migrants	205	140	70
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,685	10,490	11,195
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,570	2,455	2,115
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,115	8,035	9,080
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,310	5,500	5,810
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,600	970	630
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,710	4,530	5,175
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	21,685	10,490	11,195
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,035	2,080	1,950
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	7,585	3,635	3,955
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,065	4,775	5,290
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,345	3,660	3,690
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,715	1,260	460
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	850	535	310
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	870	715	145
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,180	2,200	2,980
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	450	200	255
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,715	1,115	1,600
Bachelor's degree	1,995	785	1,215
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	200	100	95
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	10	20
Master's degree	450	195	255
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	40	20	20
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,310	5,500	5,810
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,395	820	580
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,870	2,040	1,830
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,045	2,645	3,405
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,320	2,015	2,305
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	855	635	220
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	390	265	125
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	465	370	95
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,215	1,285	1,930
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	255	95	155
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,725	630	1,100
Bachelor's degree	1,315	490	825
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	115	45	70
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	25	10	25
Master's degree	245	80	165
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	10	10
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	21,685	10,495	11,190
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	11,620	5,720	5,905
Education	500	105	395
13. Education	500	105	395
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	395	175	215
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	65	65	0
50. Visual and performing arts	330	120	210
Humanities	420	140	285
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	30
23. English language and literature/letters	125	30	100
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	115	30	85
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	50	35	15
54. History	50	25	25
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,155	295	860
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	70	95
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	270	20	255
22. Legal professions and studies	205	50	155
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	25	45
42. Psychology	155	25	135
45. Social sciences	285	110	175
Business, management and public administration	2,010	730	1,280
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	180	25	150
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,830	700	1,130
Physical and life sciences and technologies	270	125	140
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	100	35	70
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	50	30
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	60	45	20
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	0	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	360	240	115
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	320	225	95
25. Library science	10	0	10
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	15	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,265	2,160	105
04. Architecture and related services	55	40	15
14. Engineering	275	235	45
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	490	465	20
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	620	610	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	515	500	10
48. Precision production	305	305	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	185	105	85
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	140	75	65
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	30	20
Health and related fields	1,635	210	1,425
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	65	85
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,475	140	1,335
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	865	485	380
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	420	125	295
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0
43. Security and protective services	265	195	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	170	150	20
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,310	5,500	5,810
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,270	2,860	2,410
Education	230	25	205
13. Education	230	25	205
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	205	65	145
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	205	60	140
Humanities	255	100	155
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10
23. English language and literature/letters	90	25	60
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	70	20	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	0	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	20	15
54. History	25	20	10
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10
Social and behavioural sciences and law	790	150	640
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	125	40	85
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	200	0	195
22. Legal professions and studies	150	35	115
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	30
42. Psychology	110	10	95
45. Social sciences	165	45	120
Business, management and public administration	1,165	405	755
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	130	25	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,035	380	655
Physical and life sciences and technologies	145	60	85
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	15	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	35	20
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	20	10	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	220	165	55
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	210	155	55
25. Library science	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,230	1,150	80
04. Architecture and related services	30	20	10
14. Engineering	155	115	40
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	255	245	15
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	360	350	10
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	290	285	0
48. Precision production	140	140	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	130	55	80
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90	35	60
03. Natural resources and conservation	40	20	20
Health and related fields	1,095	155	940
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	50	80
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	960	105	850
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	570	315	260
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	265	70	195
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	180	130	50
49. Transportation and materials moving	115	105	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,310	5,500	5,810
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,270	2,860	2,410
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,045	2,640	3,405
Location of study inside Canada	5,535	2,440	3,095
Same as province or territory of residence	5,100	2,245	2,860
Different than province or territory of residence	430	190	240
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	510	205	305
Americas	145	60	85
United States of America	105	45	60
Mexico	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	15	10
Europe	260	105	150
Belgium	0	0	0
France	10	0	10
Germany	20	0	15
Netherlands	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0
Poland	45	10	30
Romania	15	10	0
Russian Federation	40	15	25
Ukraine	25	20	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	25	40
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	15	10
Africa	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0
Asia	80	20	55
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	15	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0
Philippines	35	0	35
Viet Nam	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0
India	15	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0
Oceania	25	10	15
Australia	25	10	15
New Zealand	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	21,685	10,490	11,195
In the labour force	10,200	5,250	4,950
Employed	8,785	4,650	4,130
Unemployed	1,415	600	820
Not in the labour force	11,485	5,245	6,245
Participation rate	47.0	50.0	44.2
Employment rate	40.5	44.3	36.9
Unemployment rate	13.9	11.4	16.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	21,685	10,495	11,190
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,155	5,045	6,110
Worked	10,530	5,445	5,085
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,225	2,835	2,385
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,310	2,610	2,700
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.1	40.5	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	10,200	5,250	4,945
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	250	100	150
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	9,950	5,150	4,800
Employee	8,245	4,145	4,100
Permanent position	7,105	3,575	3,535
Temporary position	1,140	575	565
Fixed term (1 year or more)	315	120	195
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	825	450	370
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,705	1,005	705
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	10,200	5,250	4,945
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	250	100	150
All occupations¹⁹¹	9,950	5,150	4,800
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	100	75	25
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,495	395	1,110
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	500	380	120
3 Health occupations	705	90	615
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,105	385	715
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	260	135	125
6 Sales and service occupations	2,860	1,160	1,695
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,185	1,945	240
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	290	230	60
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	450	355	90
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	10,200	5,250	4,945
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	250	100	150
All industries¹⁹¹	9,950	5,150	4,800
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	90	45	45
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	15	10	10
22 Utilities	80	55	25
23 Construction	1,110	980	125
31-33 Manufacturing	880	685	190
41 Wholesale trade	315	190	125
44-45 Retail trade	1,455	635	825
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	485	340	145
51 Information and cultural industries	110	45	60
52 Finance and insurance	240	75	165
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	290	135	155
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	580	280	295
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	505	330	185
61 Educational services	460	80	380
62 Health care and social assistance	1,195	170	1,020
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	225	150	75
72 Accommodation and food services	795	335	460
81 Other services (except public administration)	395	195	200
91 Public administration	725	410	320
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	11,345	5,835	5,510
English	11,000	5,685	5,315
French	45	10	35
Non-official language	30	15	10
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	15	10
English and French	175	85	90
English and non-official language(s)	95	35	65
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	11,345	5,835	5,510
Single responses	11,305	5,805	5,495
Official languages	11,265	5,790	5,475
English	11,205	5,780	5,425
French	65	10	55
Non-official languages	35	15	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	10	20
Albanian	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0
German	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	30	10
English and French	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	25	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	11,345	5,835	5,510
None	11,105	5,730	5,375
English	25	0	25
French	140	75	60
Non-official language	60	15	40
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	55	15	40
English and French	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	8,785	4,650	4,130
Worked at home	1,795	715	1,075
Worked outside Canada	25	15	0
No fixed workplace address	1,305	975	325
Usual place of work	5,655	2,940	2,720
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	5,660	2,935	2,720
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,695	740	960
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,065	1,605	1,460
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	870	580	290
Commute to a different province or territory	25	15	10
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	6,960	3,915	3,050
Car, truck or van	6,465	3,685	2,785
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,015	3,495	2,515
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	455	190	265
Public transit	105	40	60
Walked	160	70	90
Bicycle	65	40	20
Other method	165	85	85
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	6,960	3,915	3,050
Less than 15 minutes	1,895	880	1,010
15 to 29 minutes	1,980	970	1,015
30 to 44 minutes	1,450	870	580
45 to 59 minutes	765	540	225
60 minutes and over	880	660	220
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	6,960	3,915	3,050
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	640	500	135
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,455	915	540
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	1,545	860	685
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,310	575	740
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	835	380	450
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,175	685	490
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	3,555	1,820	1,735
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	310	160	150
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,240	1,655	1,585
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	2,620	1,340	1,280
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	240	120	115
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	135	60	75
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	100	60	40
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,380	1,225	1,160

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed March 8, 2026).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2025-12-10

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